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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
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3 | Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authentication - Catalyst Tutorial - Part 5: Authentication |
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4 | |
5 | |
6 | =head1 OVERVIEW |
7 | |
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8 | This is B<Part 5 of 10> for the Catalyst tutorial. |
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9 | |
10 | L<Tutorial Overview|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> |
11 | |
12 | =over 4 |
13 | |
14 | =item 1 |
15 | |
16 | L<Introduction|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Intro> |
17 | |
18 | =item 2 |
19 | |
20 | L<Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::CatalystBasics> |
21 | |
22 | =item 3 |
23 | |
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24 | L<More Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::MoreCatalystBasics> |
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25 | |
26 | =item 4 |
27 | |
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28 | L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::BasicCRUD> |
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29 | |
30 | =item 5 |
31 | |
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32 | B<Authentication> |
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33 | |
34 | =item 6 |
35 | |
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36 | L<Authorization|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authorization> |
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37 | |
38 | =item 7 |
39 | |
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40 | L<Debugging|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Debugging> |
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41 | |
42 | =item 8 |
43 | |
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44 | L<Testing|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Testing> |
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45 | |
46 | =item 9 |
47 | |
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48 | L<Advanced CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::AdvancedCRUD> |
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49 | |
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50 | =item 10 |
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51 | |
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52 | L<Appendices|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Appendices> |
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53 | |
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54 | =back |
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55 | |
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56 | |
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57 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
58 | |
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59 | Now that we finally have a simple yet functional application, we can |
60 | focus on providing authentication (with authorization coming next in |
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61 | Part 5). |
62 | |
63 | This part of the tutorial is divided into two main sections: 1) basic, |
64 | cleartext authentication and 2) hash-based authentication. |
65 | |
66 | You can checkout the source code for this example from the catalyst |
67 | subversion repository as per the instructions in |
68 | L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Intro> |
69 | |
70 | =head1 BASIC AUTHENTICATION |
71 | |
72 | This section explores how to add authentication logic to a Catalyst |
73 | application. |
74 | |
75 | |
76 | =head2 Add Users and Roles to the Database |
77 | |
78 | First, we add both user and role information to the database (we will |
79 | add the role information here although it will not be used until the |
80 | authorization section, Part 5). Create a new SQL script file by opening |
81 | C<myapp02.sql> in your editor and insert: |
82 | |
83 | -- |
84 | -- Add users and roles tables, along with a many-to-many join table |
85 | -- |
86 | CREATE TABLE users ( |
87 | id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, |
88 | username TEXT, |
89 | password TEXT, |
90 | email_address TEXT, |
91 | first_name TEXT, |
92 | last_name TEXT, |
93 | active INTEGER |
94 | ); |
95 | CREATE TABLE roles ( |
96 | id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, |
97 | role TEXT |
98 | ); |
99 | CREATE TABLE user_roles ( |
100 | user_id INTEGER, |
101 | role_id INTEGER, |
102 | PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role_id) |
103 | ); |
104 | -- |
105 | -- Load up some initial test data |
106 | -- |
107 | INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'test01', 'mypass', 't01@na.com', 'Joe', 'Blow', 1); |
108 | INSERT INTO users VALUES (2, 'test02', 'mypass', 't02@na.com', 'Jane', 'Doe', 1); |
109 | INSERT INTO users VALUES (3, 'test03', 'mypass', 't03@na.com', 'No', 'Go', 0); |
110 | INSERT INTO roles VALUES (1, 'user'); |
111 | INSERT INTO roles VALUES (2, 'admin'); |
112 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 1); |
113 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 2); |
114 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (2, 1); |
115 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (3, 1); |
116 | |
117 | Then load this into the C<myapp.db> database with the following command: |
118 | |
119 | $ sqlite3 myapp.db < myapp02.sql |
120 | |
121 | |
122 | =head2 Add User and Role Information to DBIC Schema |
123 | |
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124 | Although we could manually edit the DBIC schema information to include |
125 | the new tables added in the previous step, let's use the C<create=static> |
126 | option on the DBIC model helper to do most of the work for us: |
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127 | |
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128 | $ script/myapp_create.pl model DB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:myapp.db |
129 | $ ls lib/MyApp/Schema |
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130 | Authors.pm BookAuthors.pm Books.pm Roles.pm UserRoles.pm Users.pm |
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131 | |
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132 | Notice how the helper has added three new table-specific result source |
133 | files to the C<lib/MyApp/Schema/MyApp> directory. And, more |
134 | importantly, even if there were changes to the existing result source |
135 | files, those changes would have only been written above the C<# DO NOT |
136 | MODIFY THIS OR ANYTHING ABOVE!> comment and your hand-editted |
137 | enhancements would have been preserved. |
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138 | |
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139 | |
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140 | Speaking of "hand-editted enhancements," we should now add |
141 | relationship information to the three new result source files. Edit |
142 | each of these files and add the following information between the C<# |
143 | DO NOT MODIFY THIS OR ANYTHING ABOVE!> comment and the closing C<1;>: |
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144 | |
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145 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema/Users.pm>: |
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146 | |
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147 | # |
148 | # Set relationships: |
149 | # |
150 | |
151 | # has_many(): |
152 | # args: |
153 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
154 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
155 | # 3) Column name in *foreign* table |
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156 | __PACKAGE__->has_many(map_user_role => 'MyApp::Schema::UserRoles', 'user_id'); |
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157 | |
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158 | # many_to_many(): |
159 | # args: |
160 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
161 | # 2) Name of has_many() relationship this many_to_many() is shortcut for |
162 | # 3) Name of belongs_to() relationship in model class of has_many() above |
163 | # You must already have the has_many() defined to use a many_to_many(). |
164 | __PACKAGE__->many_to_many(roles => 'map_user_role', 'role'); |
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165 | |
166 | |
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167 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema/Roles.pm>: |
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168 | |
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169 | # |
170 | # Set relationships: |
171 | # |
172 | |
173 | # has_many(): |
174 | # args: |
175 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
176 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
177 | # 3) Column name in *foreign* table |
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178 | __PACKAGE__->has_many(map_user_role => 'MyApp::Schema::UserRoles', 'role_id'); |
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179 | |
180 | |
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181 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema/UserRoles.pm>: |
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182 | |
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183 | # |
184 | # Set relationships: |
185 | # |
186 | |
187 | # belongs_to(): |
188 | # args: |
189 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
190 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
191 | # 3) Column name in *this* table |
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192 | __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(user => 'MyApp::Schema::Users', 'user_id'); |
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193 | |
194 | # belongs_to(): |
195 | # args: |
196 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
197 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
198 | # 3) Column name in *this* table |
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199 | __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(role => 'MyApp::Schema::Roles', 'role_id'); |
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200 | |
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201 | |
202 | The code for these three sets of updates is obviously very similar to |
203 | the edits we made to the C<Books>, C<Authors>, and C<BookAuthors> |
204 | classes created in Part 3. |
205 | |
206 | Note that we do not need to make any change to the |
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207 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema.pm> schema file. It simple tells DBIC to |
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208 | load all of the result source files it finds in below the |
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209 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema> directory, so it will automatically pick |
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210 | up our new table information. |
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211 | |
212 | |
213 | =head2 Sanity-Check Reload of Development Server |
214 | |
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215 | We aren't ready to try out the authentication just yet; we only want |
216 | to do a quick check to be sure our model loads correctly. Press |
217 | C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still running) |
218 | and restart it: |
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219 | |
220 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
221 | |
222 | Look for the three new model objects in the startup debug output: |
223 | |
224 | ... |
225 | .-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------. |
226 | | Class | Type | |
227 | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+ |
228 | | MyApp::Controller::Books | instance | |
229 | | MyApp::Controller::Root | instance | |
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230 | | MyApp::Model::DB | instance | |
231 | | MyApp::Model::DB::Author | class | |
232 | | MyApp::Model::DB::Books | class | |
233 | | MyApp::Model::DB::BookAuthors | class | |
234 | | MyApp::Model::DB::Roles | class | |
235 | | MyApp::Model::DB::Users | class | |
236 | | MyApp::Model::DB::UserRoles | class | |
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237 | | MyApp::View::TT | instance | |
238 | '-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------' |
239 | ... |
240 | |
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241 | Again, notice that your "result source" classes have been "re-loaded" |
242 | by Catalyst under C<MyApp::Model>. |
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243 | |
244 | |
245 | =head2 Include Authentication and Session Plugins |
246 | |
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247 | Edit C<lib/MyApp.pm> and update it as follows (everything below |
248 | C<StackTrace> is new): |
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249 | |
250 | use Catalyst qw/ |
251 | -Debug |
252 | ConfigLoader |
253 | Static::Simple |
254 | |
255 | StackTrace |
256 | |
257 | Authentication |
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258 | |
259 | Session |
260 | Session::Store::FastMmap |
261 | Session::State::Cookie |
262 | /; |
263 | |
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264 | The C<Authentication> plugin supports Authentication while the |
265 | C<Session> plugins are required to maintain state across multiple HTTP |
266 | requests. |
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267 | |
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268 | Note that the only required Authentication class is the main one. This |
269 | is a change that occurred in version 0.09999_01 of the |
270 | C<Authentication> plugin. You B<do not need> to specify a particular |
271 | Authentication::Store or Authentication::Credential plugin. Instead, |
272 | indicate the Store and Credential you want to use in your application |
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273 | configuration (see below). |
274 | |
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275 | Note that there are several options for |
276 | L<Session::Store|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store> |
277 | (L<Session::Store::FastMmap|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store::FastMmap> |
278 | is generally a good choice if you are on Unix; try |
279 | L<Session::Store::File|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store::File> if you |
280 | are on Win32) -- consult |
281 | L<Session::Store|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store> and its subclasses |
282 | for additional information and options (for example to use a database- |
283 | backed session store). |
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284 | |
285 | |
286 | =head2 Configure Authentication |
287 | |
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288 | Although C<__PACKAGE__-E<gt>config(name =E<gt> 'value');> is still |
289 | supported, newer Catalyst applications tend to place all configuration |
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290 | information in C<myapp.conf> and automatically load this information |
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291 | into C<MyApp-E<gt>config> using the |
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292 | L<ConfigLoader|Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> plugin. |
293 | |
294 | First, as noted in Part 3 of the tutorial, Catalyst has recently |
295 | switched from a default config file format of YAML to |
296 | C<Config::General> (an apache-like format). In case you are using |
297 | a version of Catalyst earlier than v5.7014, delete the C<myapp.yml> |
298 | file and simply follow the directions below to create a new |
299 | C<myapp.conf> file. |
300 | |
301 | Here, we need to load several parameters that tell |
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302 | L<Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication|Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication> |
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303 | where to locate information in your database. To do this, edit the |
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304 | C<myapp.conf> file and update it to match: |
305 | |
306 | name MyApp |
307 | <authentication> |
308 | default_realm dbic |
309 | <realms> |
310 | <dbic> |
311 | <credential> |
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312 | # Note this first definition would be the same as setting |
313 | # __PACKAGE__->config->{authentication}->{realms}->{dbic} |
314 | # ->{credential} = 'Password' in lib/MyApp.pm |
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315 | # |
316 | # Specify that we are going to do password-based auth |
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317 | class Password |
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318 | # This is the name of the field in the users table with the |
319 | # password stored in it |
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320 | password_field password |
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321 | # We are using an unencrypted password now |
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322 | password_type clear |
323 | </credential> |
324 | <store> |
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325 | # Use DBIC to retrieve username, password & role information |
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326 | class DBIx::Class |
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327 | # This is the model object created by Catalyst::Model::DBIC |
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328 | # from your schema (you created 'MyApp::Schema::User' but as |
329 | # the Catalyst startup debug messages show, it was loaded as |
330 | # 'MyApp::Model::DB::Users'). |
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331 | # NOTE: Omit 'MyApp::Model' here just as you would when using |
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332 | # '$c->model("DB::Users)' |
333 | user_class DB::Users |
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334 | # This is the name of the field in your 'users' table that |
335 | # contains the user's name |
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336 | id_field username |
337 | </store> |
338 | </dbic> |
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339 | </realms> |
340 | </authentication> |
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341 | |
342 | Inline comments in the code above explain how each field is being used. |
343 | |
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344 | Note that you can use many other config file formats with catalyst. |
345 | See L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader|Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> |
346 | for details. |
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347 | |
348 | =head2 Add Login and Logout Controllers |
349 | |
350 | Use the Catalyst create script to create two stub controller files: |
351 | |
352 | $ script/myapp_create.pl controller Login |
353 | $ script/myapp_create.pl controller Logout |
354 | |
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355 | B<NOTE:> You could easily use a single controller here. For example, |
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356 | you could have a C<User> controller with both C<login> and C<logout> |
357 | actions. Remember, Catalyst is designed to be very flexible, and leaves |
358 | such matters up to you, the designer and programmer. |
359 | |
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360 | Then open C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Login.pm>, locate the C<sub index |
361 | :Path :Args(0)> method (or C<sub index : Private> if you are using an |
362 | older version of Catalyst) that was automatically inserted by the |
363 | helpers when we created the Login controller above, and delete this |
364 | line: |
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365 | |
366 | $c->response->body('Matched MyApp::Controller::Login in Login.'); |
367 | |
368 | Then update it to match: |
369 | |
370 | =head2 index |
371 | |
372 | Login logic |
373 | |
374 | =cut |
375 | |
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376 | sub index :Path :Args(0) { |
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377 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
378 | |
379 | # Get the username and password from form |
380 | my $username = $c->request->params->{username} || ""; |
381 | my $password = $c->request->params->{password} || ""; |
382 | |
383 | # If the username and password values were found in form |
384 | if ($username && $password) { |
385 | # Attempt to log the user in |
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386 | if ($c->authenticate({ username => $username, |
387 | password => $password} )) { |
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388 | # If successful, then let them use the application |
389 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('/books/list')); |
390 | return; |
391 | } else { |
392 | # Set an error message |
393 | $c->stash->{error_msg} = "Bad username or password."; |
394 | } |
395 | } |
396 | |
397 | # If either of above don't work out, send to the login page |
398 | $c->stash->{template} = 'login.tt2'; |
399 | } |
400 | |
401 | This controller fetches the C<username> and C<password> values from the |
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402 | login form and attempts to authenticate the user. If successful, it |
403 | redirects the user to the book list page. If the login fails, the user |
404 | will stay at the login page but receive an error message. If the |
405 | C<username> and C<password> values are not present in the form, the |
406 | user will be taken to the empty login form. |
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407 | |
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408 | Note that we could have used something like C<sub default :Path>, |
409 | however partly for historical reasons, and partly for code clarity it |
410 | is generally recommended only to use C<default> in |
411 | C<MyApp::Controller::Root>, and then mainly to generate the 404 not |
412 | found page for the application. |
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413 | |
414 | Instead, we are using C<sub base :Path :Args(0) {...}> here to |
415 | specifically match the URL C</login>. C<Path> actions (aka, "literal |
416 | actions") create URI matches relative to the namespace of the |
417 | controller where they are defined. Although C<Path> supports |
418 | arguments that allow relative and absolute paths to be defined, here |
419 | we use an empty C<Path> definition to match on just the name of the |
420 | controller itself. The method name, C<index>, is arbitrary. We make |
421 | the match even more specific with the C<:Args(0)> action modifier -- |
422 | this forces the match on I<only> C</login>, not |
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423 | C</login/somethingelse>. |
424 | |
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425 | Next, update the corresponding method in |
426 | C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Logout.pm> to match: |
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427 | |
428 | =head2 index |
429 | |
430 | Logout logic |
431 | |
432 | =cut |
433 | |
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434 | sub index :Path :Args(0) { |
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435 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
436 | |
437 | # Clear the user's state |
438 | $c->logout; |
439 | |
440 | # Send the user to the starting point |
441 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('/')); |
442 | } |
443 | |
444 | As with the login controller, be sure to delete the |
445 | C<$c->response->body('Matched MyApp::Controller::Logout in Logout.');> |
446 | line of the C<sub index>. |
447 | |
448 | |
449 | =head2 Add a Login Form TT Template Page |
450 | |
451 | Create a login form by opening C<root/src/login.tt2> and inserting: |
452 | |
453 | [% META title = 'Login' %] |
454 | |
455 | <!-- Login form --> |
456 | <form method="post" action=" [% Catalyst.uri_for('/login') %] "> |
457 | <table> |
458 | <tr> |
459 | <td>Username:</td> |
460 | <td><input type="text" name="username" size="40" /></td> |
461 | </tr> |
462 | <tr> |
463 | <td>Password:</td> |
464 | <td><input type="password" name="password" size="40" /></td> |
465 | </tr> |
466 | <tr> |
467 | <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" /></td> |
468 | </tr> |
469 | </table> |
470 | </form> |
471 | |
472 | |
473 | =head2 Add Valid User Check |
474 | |
475 | We need something that provides enforcement for the authentication |
476 | mechanism -- a I<global> mechanism that prevents users who have not |
477 | passed authentication from reaching any pages except the login page. |
478 | This is generally done via an C<auto> action/method (prior to Catalyst |
479 | v5.66, this sort of thing would go in C<MyApp.pm>, but starting in |
480 | v5.66, the preferred location is C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm>). |
481 | |
482 | Edit the existing C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm> class file and insert |
483 | the following method: |
484 | |
485 | =head2 auto |
486 | |
487 | Check if there is a user and, if not, forward to login page |
488 | |
489 | =cut |
490 | |
491 | # Note that 'auto' runs after 'begin' but before your actions and that |
492 | # 'auto' "chain" (all from application path to most specific class are run) |
493 | # See the 'Actions' section of 'Catalyst::Manual::Intro' for more info. |
494 | sub auto : Private { |
495 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
496 | |
497 | # Allow unauthenticated users to reach the login page. This |
498 | # allows anauthenticated users to reach any action in the Login |
499 | # controller. To lock it down to a single action, we could use: |
500 | # if ($c->action eq $c->controller('Login')->action_for('index')) |
501 | # to only allow unauthenticated access to the C<index> action we |
502 | # added above. |
503 | if ($c->controller eq $c->controller('Login')) { |
504 | return 1; |
505 | } |
506 | |
507 | # If a user doesn't exist, force login |
508 | if (!$c->user_exists) { |
509 | # Dump a log message to the development server debug output |
510 | $c->log->debug('***Root::auto User not found, forwarding to /login'); |
511 | # Redirect the user to the login page |
512 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('/login')); |
513 | # Return 0 to cancel 'post-auto' processing and prevent use of application |
514 | return 0; |
515 | } |
516 | |
517 | # User found, so return 1 to continue with processing after this 'auto' |
518 | return 1; |
519 | } |
520 | |
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521 | |
522 | B<Note:> Catalyst provides a number of different types of actions, |
523 | such as C<Local>, C<Regex>, C<Private> and the new C<Path>. You |
524 | should refer to L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro|Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for |
525 | a more detailed explanation, but the following bullet points provide a |
526 | quick introduction: |
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527 | |
528 | =over 4 |
529 | |
530 | =item * |
531 | |
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532 | The majority of application have traditionally use C<Local> actions |
533 | for items that respond to user requests and C<Private> actions for |
534 | those that do not directly respond to user input. |
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535 | |
536 | =item * |
537 | |
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538 | Newer Catalyst applications tend to use C<Path> actions and the |
539 | C<Args> attribute because of their power and flexibility. You can |
540 | specify the path to match relative to the namespace of the current |
541 | module as an argument to C<Path>. For example C<Path('list')> in |
542 | C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Books.pm> would match on the URL |
543 | C<http://localhost:3000/books/list> but C<Path('/list')> would |
544 | match on C<http://localhost:3000/list>. |
545 | |
546 | =item * |
547 | |
548 | Automatic "chaining" of actions by the dispatcher is a powerful |
549 | feature that allows multiple methods to handle a single URL. See |
550 | L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained|Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained> |
551 | for more information on chained actions. |
552 | |
553 | =item * |
554 | |
555 | There are five types of build-in C<Private> actions: C<begin>, C<end>, |
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556 | C<default>, C<index>, and C<auto>. |
557 | |
558 | =item * |
559 | |
560 | With C<begin>, C<end>, C<default>, C<index> private actions, only the |
561 | most specific action of each type will be called. For example, if you |
562 | define a C<begin> action in your controller it will I<override> a |
563 | C<begin> action in your application/root controller -- I<only> the |
564 | action in your controller will be called. |
565 | |
566 | =item * |
567 | |
568 | Unlike the other actions where only a single method is called for each |
569 | request, I<every> auto action along the chain of namespaces will be |
570 | called. Each C<auto> action will be called I<from the application/root |
571 | controller down through the most specific class>. |
572 | |
573 | =back |
574 | |
575 | By placing the authentication enforcement code inside the C<auto> method |
576 | of C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm> (or C<lib/MyApp.pm>), it will be |
577 | called for I<every> request that is received by the entire application. |
578 | |
579 | |
580 | =head2 Displaying Content Only to Authenticated Users |
581 | |
582 | Let's say you want to provide some information on the login page that |
583 | changes depending on whether the user has authenticated yet. To do |
584 | this, open C<root/src/login.tt2> in your editor and add the following |
585 | lines to the bottom of the file: |
586 | |
587 | <p> |
588 | [% |
589 | # This code illustrates how certain parts of the TT |
590 | # template will only be shown to users who have logged in |
591 | %] |
592 | [% IF Catalyst.user_exists %] |
593 | Please Note: You are already logged in as '[% Catalyst.user.username %]'. |
594 | You can <a href="[% Catalyst.uri_for('/logout') %]">logout</a> here. |
595 | [% ELSE %] |
596 | You need to log in to use this application. |
597 | [% END %] |
598 | [%# |
599 | Note that this whole block is a comment because the "#" appears |
600 | immediate after the "[%" (with no spaces in between). Although it |
601 | can be a handy way to temporarily "comment out" a whole block of |
602 | TT code, it's probably a little too subtle for use in "normal" |
603 | comments. |
604 | %] |
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605 | </p> |
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606 | |
607 | Although most of the code is comments, the middle few lines provide a |
608 | "you are already logged in" reminder if the user returns to the login |
609 | page after they have already authenticated. For users who have not yet |
610 | authenticated, a "You need to log in..." message is displayed (note the |
611 | use of an IF-THEN-ELSE construct in TT). |
612 | |
613 | |
614 | =head2 Try Out Authentication |
615 | |
616 | Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still |
617 | running) and restart it: |
618 | |
619 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
620 | |
f31c1c33 |
621 | B<IMPORTANT NOTE:> If you are having issues with authentication on |
622 | Internet Explorer, be sure to check the system clocks on both your |
623 | server and client machines. Internet Explorer is very picky about |
25ed8f40 |
624 | timestamps for cookies. Note that you can quickly sync an Ubuntu |
625 | system with the following command: |
626 | |
627 | sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com |
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628 | |
629 | Now trying going to L<http://localhost:3000/books/list> and you should |
630 | be redirected to the login page, hitting Shift+Reload if necessary (the |
631 | "You are already logged in" message should I<not> appear -- if it does, |
632 | click the C<logout> button and try again). Note the C<***Root::auto User |
633 | not found...> debug message in the development server output. Enter |
634 | username C<test01> and password C<mypass>, and you should be taken to |
635 | the Book List page. |
636 | |
637 | Open C<root/src/books/list.tt2> and add the following lines to the |
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638 | bottom (below the closing </table> tag): |
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639 | |
640 | <p> |
641 | <a href="[% Catalyst.uri_for('/login') %]">Login</a> |
642 | <a href="[% Catalyst.uri_for('form_create') %]">Create</a> |
643 | </p> |
644 | |
645 | Reload your browser and you should now see a "Login" and "Create" links |
646 | at the bottom of the page (as mentioned earlier, you can update template |
647 | files without reloading the development server). Click the first link |
648 | to return to the login page. This time you I<should> see the "You are |
649 | already logged in" message. |
650 | |
651 | Finally, click the C<You can logout here> link on the C</login> page. |
652 | You should stay at the login page, but the message should change to "You |
653 | need to log in to use this application." |
654 | |
655 | |
656 | =head1 USING PASSWORD HASHES |
657 | |
658 | In this section we increase the security of our system by converting |
659 | from cleartext passwords to SHA-1 password hashes. |
660 | |
661 | B<Note:> This section is optional. You can skip it and the rest of the |
662 | tutorial will function normally. |
663 | |
664 | Note that even with the techniques shown in this section, the browser |
665 | still transmits the passwords in cleartext to your application. We are |
666 | just avoiding the I<storage> of cleartext passwords in the database by |
667 | using a SHA-1 hash. If you are concerned about cleartext passwords |
668 | between the browser and your application, consider using SSL/TLS, made |
669 | easy with the Catalyst plugin Catalyst::Plugin:RequireSSL. |
670 | |
671 | |
672 | =head2 Get a SHA-1 Hash for the Password |
673 | |
674 | Catalyst uses the C<Digest> module to support a variety of hashing |
675 | algorithms. Here we will use SHA-1 (SHA = Secure Hash Algorithm). |
676 | First, we should compute the SHA-1 hash for the "mypass" password we are |
677 | using. The following command-line Perl script provides a "quick and |
678 | dirty" way to do this: |
679 | |
680 | $ perl -MDigest::SHA -e 'print Digest::SHA::sha1_hex("mypass"), "\n"' |
681 | e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26 |
682 | $ |
683 | |
d0496197 |
684 | B<Note:> If you are following along in Ubuntu, you will need to install |
685 | C<Digest::SHA> with the following command to run the example code above: |
686 | |
687 | sudo apt-get install libdigest-sha-perl |
688 | |
d442cc9f |
689 | B<Note:> You should probably modify this code for production use to |
690 | not read the password from the command line. By having the script |
691 | prompt for the cleartext password, it avoids having the password linger |
692 | in forms such as your C<.bash_history> files (assuming you are using |
693 | BASH as your shell). An example of such a script can be found in |
694 | Appendix 3. |
695 | |
696 | |
697 | =head2 Switch to SHA-1 Password Hashes in the Database |
698 | |
699 | Next, we need to change the C<password> column of our C<users> table to |
700 | store this hash value vs. the existing cleartext password. Open |
701 | C<myapp03.sql> in your editor and enter: |
702 | |
703 | -- |
704 | -- Convert passwords to SHA-1 hashes |
705 | -- |
706 | UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 1; |
707 | UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 2; |
708 | UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 3; |
709 | |
710 | Then use the following command to update the SQLite database: |
711 | |
712 | $ sqlite3 myapp.db < myapp03.sql |
713 | |
714 | B<Note:> We are using SHA-1 hashes here, but many other hashing |
715 | algorithms are supported. See C<Digest> for more information. |
716 | |
717 | |
718 | =head2 Enable SHA-1 Hash Passwords in |
719 | C<Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication::Store::DBIC> |
720 | |
45d511e0 |
721 | Edit C<myapp.conf> and update it to match (the C<password_type> and |
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722 | C<password_hash_type> are new, everything else is the same): |
723 | |
c010ae0d |
724 | name MyApp |
725 | <authentication> |
726 | default_realm dbic |
727 | <realms> |
728 | <dbic> |
729 | <credential> |
3533daff |
730 | # Note this first definition would be the same as setting |
731 | # __PACKAGE__->config->{authentication}->{realms}->{dbic} |
732 | # ->{credential} = 'Password' in lib/MyApp.pm |
3533daff |
733 | # |
734 | # Specify that we are going to do password-based auth |
c010ae0d |
735 | class Password |
3533daff |
736 | # This is the name of the field in the users table with the |
737 | # password stored in it |
c010ae0d |
738 | password_field password |
3533daff |
739 | # Switch to more secure hashed passwords |
c010ae0d |
740 | password_type hashed |
3533daff |
741 | # Use the SHA-1 hashing algorithm |
c010ae0d |
742 | password_hash_type SHA-1 |
d0496197 |
743 | </credential> |
c010ae0d |
744 | <store> |
3533daff |
745 | # Use DBIC to retrieve username, password & role information |
c010ae0d |
746 | class DBIx::Class |
3533daff |
747 | # This is the model object created by Catalyst::Model::DBIC |
d0496197 |
748 | # from your schema (you created 'MyApp::Schema::User' but as |
749 | # the Catalyst startup debug messages show, it was loaded as |
750 | # 'MyApp::Model::DB::Users'). |
3533daff |
751 | # NOTE: Omit 'MyApp::Model' here just as you would when using |
d0496197 |
752 | # '$c->model("DB::Users)' |
753 | user_class DB::Users |
3533daff |
754 | # This is the name of the field in your 'users' table that |
755 | # contains the user's name |
c010ae0d |
756 | id_field username |
d0496197 |
757 | </store> |
758 | </dbic> |
759 | </realms> |
760 | </authentication> |
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761 | |
762 | =head2 Try Out the Hashed Passwords |
763 | |
764 | Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still |
765 | running) and restart it: |
766 | |
767 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
768 | |
769 | You should now be able to go to L<http://localhost:3000/books/list> and |
770 | login as before. When done, click the "Logout" link on the login page |
771 | (or point your browser at L<http://localhost:3000/logout>). |
772 | |
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773 | |
774 | =head1 USING THE SESSION FOR FLASH |
775 | |
776 | As discussed in Part 3 of the tutorial, C<flash> allows you to set |
777 | variables in a way that is very similar to C<stash>, but it will |
778 | remain set across multiple requests. Once the value is read, it |
779 | is cleared (unless reset). Although C<flash> has nothing to do with |
780 | authentication, it does leverage the same session plugins. Now that |
781 | those plugins are enabled, let's go back and improve the "delete |
782 | and redirect with query parameters" code seen at the end of the |
783 | L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::BasicCRUD> part of the |
784 | tutorial. |
785 | |
786 | First, open C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Books.pm> and modify C<sub delete> |
3533daff |
787 | to match the following (everything after the model search line of code |
788 | has changed): |
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789 | |
790 | =head2 delete |
791 | |
792 | Delete a book |
793 | |
794 | =cut |
795 | |
796 | sub delete : Local { |
797 | # $id = primary key of book to delete |
798 | my ($self, $c, $id) = @_; |
799 | |
800 | # Search for the book and then delete it |
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801 | $c->model('DB::Books')->search({id => $id})->delete_all; |
d442cc9f |
802 | |
803 | # Use 'flash' to save information across requests until it's read |
804 | $c->flash->{status_msg} = "Book deleted"; |
805 | |
3533daff |
806 | # Redirect the user back to the list page |
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807 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('/books/list')); |
808 | } |
809 | |
810 | Next, open C<root/lib/site/layout> and update the TT code to pull from |
811 | flash vs. the C<status_msg> query parameter: |
812 | |
813 | <div id="header">[% PROCESS site/header %]</div> |
814 | |
815 | <div id="content"> |
816 | <span class="message">[% status_msg || Catalyst.flash.status_msg %]</span> |
817 | <span class="error">[% error_msg %]</span> |
818 | [% content %] |
819 | </div> |
820 | |
821 | <div id="footer">[% PROCESS site/footer %]</div> |
822 | |
823 | |
824 | =head2 Try Out Flash |
825 | |
826 | Restart the development server and point your browser to |
3533daff |
827 | L<http://localhost:3000/books/url_create/Test/1/4> to create an extra |
828 | several books. Click the "Return to list" link and delete one of the |
829 | "Test" books you just added. The C<flash> mechanism should retain our |
830 | "Book deleted" status message across the redirect. |
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831 | |
832 | B<NOTE:> While C<flash> will save information across multiple requests, |
833 | I<it does get cleared the first time it is read>. In general, this is |
834 | exactly what you want -- the C<flash> message will get displayed on |
835 | the next screen where it's appropriate, but it won't "keep showing up" |
836 | after that first time (unless you reset it). Please refer to |
837 | L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session|Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for additional |
838 | information. |
839 | |
3533daff |
840 | =head2 Switch To Flash-To-Stash |
841 | |
842 | Although the a use of flash above is certainly an improvement over the |
843 | C<status_msg> we employed in Part 4 of the tutorial, the C<status_msg |
844 | || Catalyst.flash.status_msg> statement is a little ugly. A nice |
845 | alternative is to use the C<flash_to_stash> feature that automatically |
846 | copies the content of flash to stash. This makes your code controller |
847 | and template code work regardless of where it was directly access, a |
848 | forward, or a redirect. To enable C<flash_to_stash>, you can either |
849 | set the value in C<lib/MyApp.pm> by changing the default |
850 | C<__PACKAGE__-E<gt>config> setting to something like: |
851 | |
852 | __PACKAGE__->config( |
853 | name => 'MyApp', |
854 | session => {flash_to_stash => 1} |
855 | ); |
856 | |
45d511e0 |
857 | B<or> add the following to C<myapp.conf>: |
3533daff |
858 | |
45d511e0 |
859 | <session> |
860 | flash_to_stash 1 |
861 | </session> |
3533daff |
862 | |
863 | The C<__PACKAGE__-E<gt>config> option is probably preferable here |
864 | since it's not something you will want to change at runtime without it |
865 | possibly breaking some of your code. |
866 | |
867 | Then edit C<root/lib/site/layout> and change the C<status_msg> line |
868 | to look like the following: |
869 | |
870 | <span class="message">[% status_msg %]</span> |
871 | |
872 | Restart the development server and go to |
873 | L<http://localhost:3000/books/list> in your browser. Delete another |
874 | of the "Test" books you added in the previous step. Flash should still |
875 | maintain the status message across the redirect even though you are no |
876 | longer explicitly accessing C<Catalyst.flash>. |
877 | |
d442cc9f |
878 | |
879 | =head1 AUTHOR |
880 | |
881 | Kennedy Clark, C<hkclark@gmail.com> |
882 | |
883 | Please report any errors, issues or suggestions to the author. The |
884 | most recent version of the Catalyst Tutorial can be found at |
d712b826 |
885 | L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/trunk/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial/>. |
d442cc9f |
886 | |
887 | Copyright 2006, Kennedy Clark, under Creative Commons License |
888 | (L<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/>). |