Commit | Line | Data |
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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
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3 | |
4 | |
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5 | Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::AdvancedCRUD::FormFu - Catalyst Tutorial - Part 9: Advanced CRUD - FormFu |
6 | |
7 | |
c010ae0d |
8 | NOTE: This part of the tutorial is in progress and will be ready soon. |
9 | |
b80f58e5 |
10 | =head1 OVERVIEW |
11 | |
12 | This is B<Part 9 of 10> for the Catalyst tutorial. |
13 | |
14 | L<Tutorial Overview|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> |
15 | |
16 | =over 4 |
17 | |
18 | =item 1 |
19 | |
20 | L<Introduction|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Intro> |
21 | |
22 | =item 2 |
23 | |
24 | L<Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::CatalystBasics> |
25 | |
26 | =item 3 |
27 | |
28 | L<More Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::MoreCatalystBasics> |
29 | |
30 | =item 4 |
31 | |
32 | L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::BasicCRUD> |
33 | |
34 | =item 5 |
35 | |
36 | L<Authentication|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authentication> |
37 | |
38 | =item 6 |
39 | |
40 | L<Authorization|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authorization> |
41 | |
42 | =item 7 |
43 | |
44 | L<Debugging|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Debugging> |
45 | |
46 | =item 8 |
47 | |
48 | L<Testing|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Testing> |
49 | |
50 | =item 9 |
51 | |
d682d02d |
52 | B<Advanced CRUD::FormFu> |
b80f58e5 |
53 | |
54 | =item 10 |
55 | |
56 | L<Appendices|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Appendices> |
57 | |
58 | =back |
59 | |
60 | |
61 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
62 | |
cca5cd98 |
63 | This portion of the tutorial explores L<HTML::FormFu|HTML::FormFu> and |
64 | how it can be used to manage forms, perform validation of form input, |
65 | as well as save and restore data to/from the database. |
66 | |
67 | See |
68 | L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::AdvancedCRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::AdvancedCRUD> |
69 | for additional form management options other than |
70 | L<HTML::FormFu|HTML::FormFu>. |
71 | |
72 | |
73 | =head1 Install C<HTML::FormFu> |
74 | |
75 | If you are following along in Ubuntu, it turns out that C<HTML::FormFu> |
76 | is not yet available as a package at the time this was written. To |
77 | install it with a combination of C<apt-get> packages and traditional |
78 | CPAN modules, first use C<apt-get> to install most of the modules |
79 | required by C<HTML::FormFu>: |
80 | |
81 | sudo apt-get install libtest-nowarnings-perl libdatetime-format-builder-perl \ |
82 | libdatetime-format-strptime-perl libdatetime-locale-perl \ |
83 | libhtml-tokeparser-simple-perl liblist-moreutils-perl \ |
84 | libregexp-copy-perl libregexp-common-perl libyaml-syck-perl libparams-util-perl |
85 | |
86 | Then use the following command to install directly from CPAN the modules |
87 | that aren't available as Ubuntu/Debian packages via C<apt-get>: |
88 | |
89 | sudo cpan File::ShareDir Task::Weaken Config::Any HTML::FormFu \ |
90 | Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu |
91 | |
92 | |
93 | =head1 C<HTML::FormFu> FORM CREATION |
94 | |
95 | This section looks at how L<HTML::FormFu|HTML::FormFu> can be used to |
96 | add additional functionality to the manually created form from Part 4. |
97 | |
98 | |
99 | =head2 Inherit From C<Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu> |
100 | |
101 | First, change your C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Books.pm> to inherit from |
102 | L<Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu|Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu> |
103 | by changing the C<use base> line from the default of: |
104 | |
105 | use base 'Catalyst::Controller'; |
106 | |
107 | to use the FormFu base controller class: |
108 | |
109 | use base 'Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu'; |
110 | |
111 | |
112 | =head2 Add Action to Display and Save the Form |
113 | |
114 | Open C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Books.pm> in your editor and add the |
115 | following method: |
116 | |
d682d02d |
117 | =head2 formfu_create |
cca5cd98 |
118 | |
59d6a035 |
119 | Use HTML::FormFu to create a new book |
cca5cd98 |
120 | |
121 | =cut |
122 | |
d682d02d |
123 | sub formfu_create :Local :FormConfig { |
cca5cd98 |
124 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
125 | |
126 | # Get the form that the :FormConfig attribute saved in the stash |
127 | my $form = $c->stash->{form}; |
128 | |
166c90a0 |
129 | # Check if the form has been submitted (vs. displaying the initial |
130 | # form) and if the data passed validation. "submitted_and_valid" |
cca5cd98 |
131 | # is shorthand for "$form->submitted && !$form->has_errors" |
132 | if ($form->submitted_and_valid) { |
133 | # Create a new book |
134 | my $book = $c->model('DB::Books')->new_result({}); |
135 | # Save the form data for the book |
136 | $form->save_to_model($book); |
137 | # Set a status message for the user |
138 | $c->flash->{status_msg} = 'Book created'; |
139 | # Return to the books list |
140 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('list')); |
141 | $c->detach; |
9cb64a37 |
142 | } else { |
143 | # Get the authors from the DB |
144 | my @authorObjs = $c->model("DB::Authors")->all(); |
145 | # Create an array of arrayrefs where each arrayref is an author |
146 | my @authors; |
147 | foreach (sort {$a->last_name cmp $b->last_name} @authorObjs) { |
148 | push(@authors, [$_->id, $_->last_name]); |
149 | } |
150 | # Get the select added by the config file |
151 | my $select = $form->get_element({type => 'Select'}); |
152 | # Add the authors to it |
153 | $select->options(\@authors); |
154 | } |
155 | |
cca5cd98 |
156 | # Set the template |
d682d02d |
157 | $c->stash->{template} = 'books/formfu_create.tt2'; |
cca5cd98 |
158 | } |
159 | |
160 | |
161 | =head2 Create a Form Config File |
162 | |
163 | Although C<HTML::FormFu> supports any configuration file handled by |
164 | L<Config::Any|Config::Any>, most people tend to use YAML. First |
165 | create a directory to hold your form configuration files: |
166 | |
167 | mkdir -p root/forms/books |
168 | |
d682d02d |
169 | Then create the file C<root/forms/books/formfu_create.yml> and enter the |
cca5cd98 |
170 | following text: |
171 | |
172 | --- |
9cb64a37 |
173 | # indicator is the field that is used to test for form submission |
cca5cd98 |
174 | indicator: submit |
9cb64a37 |
175 | # Start listing the form elements |
cca5cd98 |
176 | elements: |
9cb64a37 |
177 | # The first element will be a text field for the title |
cca5cd98 |
178 | - type: Text |
179 | name: title |
180 | label: Title |
9cb64a37 |
181 | # This is an optional 'mouse over' title pop-up |
cca5cd98 |
182 | attributes: |
183 | title: Enter a book title here |
d682d02d |
184 | |
185 | # Another text field for the numeric rating |
cca5cd98 |
186 | - type: Text |
187 | name: rating |
188 | label: Rating |
189 | attributes: |
190 | title: Enter a rating between 1 and 5 here |
d682d02d |
191 | |
192 | # Add a drop-down list for the author selection. Note that we will |
193 | # dynamically fill in all the authors from the controller but we |
194 | # could manually set items in the drop-list by adding this YAML code: |
195 | # options: |
196 | # - [ '1', 'Bastien' ] |
197 | # - [ '2', 'Nasseh' ] |
198 | - type: Select |
199 | name: authors |
200 | label: Author |
201 | |
9cb64a37 |
202 | # The submit button |
cca5cd98 |
203 | - type: Submit |
204 | name: submit |
205 | value: Submit |
206 | |
0171092f |
207 | B<NOTE:> Copying and pasting YAML from perl documentation is sometimes |
1fba2369 |
208 | tricky. See the L<Config::General Config for this tutorial> section of |
209 | this document for a more foolproof config format. |
0171092f |
210 | |
cca5cd98 |
211 | |
212 | =head2 Update the CSS |
213 | |
214 | Edit C<root/src/ttsite.css> and add the following lines to the bottom of |
215 | the file: |
216 | |
d682d02d |
217 | input { |
cca5cd98 |
218 | display: block; |
219 | } |
d682d02d |
220 | select { |
cca5cd98 |
221 | display: block; |
222 | } |
d682d02d |
223 | .submit { |
224 | padding-top: .5em; |
225 | display: block; |
cca5cd98 |
226 | } |
227 | |
d682d02d |
228 | These changes will display form elements vertically. Note that the |
229 | existing definition of the C<.error> class is pulling the color scheme |
230 | settings from the C<root/lib/config/col> file that was created by the |
231 | TTSite helper. This allows control over the CSS color settings from a |
232 | single location. |
cca5cd98 |
233 | |
234 | |
235 | =head2 Create a Template Page To Display The Form |
236 | |
d682d02d |
237 | Open C<root/src/books/formfu_create.tt2> in your editor and enter the following: |
cca5cd98 |
238 | |
239 | [% META title = 'Create/Update Book' %] |
240 | |
241 | [%# Render the HTML::FormFu Form %] |
242 | [% form %] |
243 | |
8a7c5151 |
244 | <p><a href="[% c.uri_for('list') %]">Return to book list</a></p> |
cca5cd98 |
245 | |
246 | |
247 | =head2 Add Links for Create and Update via C<HTML::FormFu> |
248 | |
249 | Open C<root/src/books/list.tt2> in your editor and add the following to |
250 | the bottom of the existing file: |
251 | |
252 | <p> |
253 | HTML::FormFu: |
8a7c5151 |
254 | <a href="[% c.uri_for('formfu_create') %]">Create</a> |
cca5cd98 |
255 | </p> |
256 | |
d682d02d |
257 | This adds a new link to the bottom of the book list page that we can |
258 | use to easily launch our HTML::FormFu-based form. |
259 | |
cca5cd98 |
260 | |
d682d02d |
261 | =head2 Test The <HTML::FormFu> Create Form |
cca5cd98 |
262 | |
263 | Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still |
264 | running) and restart it: |
265 | |
266 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
267 | |
0909d46f |
268 | Login as C<test01> (password: mypass). Once at the Book List page, |
269 | click the new HTML::FormFu "Create" link at the bottom to display the |
270 | form. Fill in the following values: Title = "Internetworking with |
271 | TCP/IP Vol. II", Rating = "4", and Author = "Comer". Click Submit, |
272 | and you will be returned to the Book List page with a "Book created" |
273 | status message displayed. |
d682d02d |
274 | |
275 | Also note that this implementation allows you to can create books with |
276 | bogus information. Although we have constrained the authors with the |
59d6a035 |
277 | drop-down list (note that this isn't bulletproof because we still have |
278 | not prevented a user from "hacking" the form to specify other values), |
279 | there are no restrictions on items such as the length of the title (for |
280 | example, you can create a one-letter title) and value for the rating |
281 | (you can use any number you want, and even non-numeric values with |
282 | SQLite). The next section will address this concern. |
cca5cd98 |
283 | |
284 | B<Note:> Depending on the database you are using and how you established |
285 | the columns in your tables, the database could obviously provide various |
286 | levels of "type enforcement" on your data. The key point being made in |
287 | the previous paragraph is that the I<web application> itself is not |
288 | performing any validation. |
289 | |
290 | |
291 | =head1 C<HTML::FormFu> VALIDATION AND FILTERING |
292 | |
d682d02d |
293 | Although the use of L<HTML::FormFu|HTML::FormFu> in the previous section |
294 | did provide an automated mechanism to build the form, the real power of |
295 | this module stems from functionality that can automatically validate and |
296 | filter the user input. Validation uses constraints to be sure that |
297 | users input appropriate data (for example, that the email field of a |
298 | form contains a valid email address). Filtering can also be used to |
299 | remove extraneous whitespace from fields or to escape meta-characters in |
300 | user input. |
cca5cd98 |
301 | |
cca5cd98 |
302 | |
d682d02d |
303 | =head2 Add Constraints |
cca5cd98 |
304 | |
d682d02d |
305 | Open C<root/forms/books/formfu_create.yml> in your editor and update it |
cca5cd98 |
306 | to match: |
307 | |
308 | --- |
9cb64a37 |
309 | # indicator is the field that is used to test for form submission |
cca5cd98 |
310 | indicator: submit |
9cb64a37 |
311 | # Start listing the form elements |
cca5cd98 |
312 | elements: |
9cb64a37 |
313 | # The first element will be a text field for the title |
cca5cd98 |
314 | - type: Text |
315 | name: title |
316 | label: Title |
9cb64a37 |
317 | # This is an optional 'mouse over' title pop-up |
cca5cd98 |
318 | attributes: |
319 | title: Enter a book title here |
9cb64a37 |
320 | # Add constraints for the field |
cca5cd98 |
321 | constraints: |
59d6a035 |
322 | # Force the length to be between 5 and 40 chars |
cca5cd98 |
323 | - type: Length |
d682d02d |
324 | min: 5 |
59d6a035 |
325 | max: 40 |
9cb64a37 |
326 | # Override the default of 'Invalid input' |
59d6a035 |
327 | message: Length must be between 5 and 40 characters |
f279297a |
328 | |
d682d02d |
329 | # Another text field for the numeric rating |
cca5cd98 |
330 | - type: Text |
331 | name: rating |
332 | label: Rating |
333 | attributes: |
334 | title: Enter a rating between 1 and 5 here |
d682d02d |
335 | # Use Filter to clean up the input data |
336 | filter: |
d682d02d |
337 | # Remove everything except digits |
338 | - NonNumeric |
339 | # Add constraints to the field |
cca5cd98 |
340 | constraints: |
f279297a |
341 | - Required |
9cb64a37 |
342 | # Make sure it's a number |
cca5cd98 |
343 | - Integer |
f279297a |
344 | message: "Digits only, please." |
345 | # Filters apply before constraints. |
346 | # If a user gives the rating "excellent", the NonNumeric filter would remove the entire string as it contains no digits. |
347 | # Remove the NonNumeric filter and let the Integer constraint handle the validation and error message. |
d682d02d |
348 | |
349 | # Add a select list for the author selection. Note that we will |
350 | # dynamically fill in all the authors from the controller but we |
351 | # could manually set items in the select by adding this YAML code: |
352 | # options: |
353 | # - [ '1', 'Bastien' ] |
354 | # - [ '2', 'Nasseh' ] |
355 | - type: Select |
356 | name: authors |
357 | label: Author |
358 | # Convert the drop-down to a multi-select list |
359 | multiple: 1 |
360 | # Display 3 entries (user can scroll to see others) |
361 | size: 3 |
362 | # One could argue we don't need to do filters or constraints for |
363 | # a select list, but it's smart to do validation and sanity |
364 | # checks on this data in case a user "hacks" the input |
d682d02d |
365 | # Add constraints to the field |
366 | constraints: |
d682d02d |
367 | # Make sure it's a number |
368 | - Integer |
369 | |
9cb64a37 |
370 | # The submit button |
cca5cd98 |
371 | - type: Submit |
372 | name: submit |
373 | value: Submit |
d682d02d |
374 | |
f279297a |
375 | # Global filters and constraints. |
cca5cd98 |
376 | constraints: |
f279297a |
377 | # The user cannot leave any fields blank |
378 | - Required |
379 | # If not all fields are required, move the Required constraint to the fields that are. |
380 | filter: |
381 | # Remove whitespace at both ends |
382 | - TrimEdges |
383 | # Escape HTML characters for safety |
384 | - HTMLEscape |
cca5cd98 |
385 | |
0171092f |
386 | B<NOTE:> Copying and pasting YAML from perl documentation is sometimes |
1fba2369 |
387 | tricky. See the L<Config::General Config for this tutorial> section of |
388 | this document for a more foolproof config format. |
0171092f |
389 | |
d682d02d |
390 | The main changes are: |
391 | |
392 | =over 4 |
393 | |
394 | =item * |
395 | |
396 | The C<Select> element for C<authors> is changed from a single-select |
397 | drop-down to a multi-select list by adding configuration for the |
398 | C<multiple> and C<size> options in C<formfu_create.yml>. |
399 | |
400 | =item * |
401 | |
402 | Constraints are added to provide validation of the user input. See |
403 | L<HTML::FormFu::Constraint|HTML::FormFu::Constraint> for other |
404 | constraints that are available. |
405 | |
406 | =item * |
407 | |
408 | A variety of filters are run on every field to remove and escape |
409 | unwanted input. See L<HTML::FormFu::Filter|HTML::FormFu::Filter> |
410 | for more filter options. |
411 | |
412 | =back |
413 | |
414 | |
415 | =head2 Try Out the Updated Form |
416 | |
417 | Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still |
418 | running) and restart it: |
419 | |
420 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
421 | |
59d6a035 |
422 | Make sure you are still logged in as C<test01> and try adding a book |
423 | with various errors: title less than 5 characters, non-numeric rating, a |
424 | rating of 0 or 6, etc. Also try selecting one, two, and zero authors. |
425 | When you click Submit, the HTML::FormFu C<constraint> items will |
426 | validate the logic and insert feedback as appropriate. Try adding blank |
427 | spaces at the front or the back of the title and note that it will be |
428 | removed. |
429 | |
430 | |
431 | =head1 CREATE AND UPDATE/EDIT ACTION |
432 | |
433 | Let's expand the work done above to add an edit action. First, open |
434 | C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Books.pm> and add the following method to the |
435 | bottom: |
436 | |
437 | =head2 formfu_edit |
438 | |
439 | Use HTML::FormFu to update an existing book |
440 | |
441 | =cut |
442 | |
443 | sub formfu_edit :Local :FormConfig('books/formfu_create.yml') { |
444 | my ($self, $c, $id) = @_; |
445 | |
446 | # Get the specified book |
447 | my $book = $c->model('DB::Books')->find($id); |
448 | |
449 | # Make sure we were able to get a book |
450 | unless ($book) { |
451 | $c->flash->{error_msg} = "Invalid book -- Cannot edit"; |
452 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('list')); |
453 | $c->detach; |
454 | } |
455 | |
456 | # Get the form that the :FormConfig attribute saved in the stash |
457 | my $form = $c->stash->{form}; |
458 | |
166c90a0 |
459 | # Check if the form has been submitted (vs. displaying the initial |
460 | # form) and if the data passed validation. "submitted_and_valid" |
59d6a035 |
461 | # is shorthand for "$form->submitted && !$form->has_errors" |
462 | if ($form->submitted_and_valid) { |
463 | # Save the form data for the book |
464 | $form->save_to_model($book); |
465 | # Set a status message for the user |
466 | $c->flash->{status_msg} = 'Book edited'; |
467 | # Return to the books list |
468 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('list')); |
469 | $c->detach; |
470 | } else { |
471 | # Get the authors from the DB |
472 | my @authorObjs = $c->model("DB::Authors")->all(); |
473 | # Create an array of arrayrefs where each arrayref is an author |
474 | my @authors; |
475 | foreach (sort {$a->last_name cmp $b->last_name} @authorObjs) { |
476 | push(@authors, [$_->id, $_->last_name]); |
477 | } |
478 | # Get the select added by the config file |
479 | my $select = $form->get_element({type => 'Select'}); |
480 | # Add the authors to it |
481 | $select->options(\@authors); |
482 | # Populate the form with existing values from DB |
483 | $form->defaults_from_model($book); |
484 | } |
485 | |
486 | # Set the template |
487 | $c->stash->{template} = 'books/formfu_create.tt2'; |
488 | } |
489 | |
490 | Most of this code should look familiar to what we used in the |
491 | C<formfu_create> method (in fact, we should probably centralize some of |
492 | the common code in separate methods). The main differences are: |
493 | |
494 | =over 4 |
495 | |
496 | =item * |
497 | |
498 | We accept C<$id> as an argument via the URL. |
499 | |
500 | =item * |
501 | |
502 | We use C<$id> to look up the existing book from the database. |
503 | |
504 | =item * |
505 | |
506 | We make sure the C<$id> and book lookup returned a valid book. If not, |
507 | we set the error message and return to the book list. |
508 | |
509 | =item * |
510 | |
511 | If the form has been submitted and passes validation, we skip creating a |
512 | new book and just use C<$form-E<gt>save_to_model> to update the existing |
513 | book. |
514 | |
515 | =item * |
516 | |
517 | If the form is being displayed for the first time (or has failed |
518 | validation and it being redisplayed), we use |
519 | C<$form-E<gt>default_from_model> to populate the form with data from the |
520 | database. |
521 | |
522 | =back |
523 | |
524 | Then, edit C<root/src/books/list.tt2> and add a new link below the |
525 | existing "Delete" link that allows us to edit/update each existing book. |
526 | The last E<lt>tdE<gt> cell in the book list table should look like the |
527 | following: |
528 | |
529 | <td> |
530 | [% # Add a link to delete a book %] |
8a7c5151 |
531 | <a href="[% c.uri_for('delete', book.id) %]">Delete</a> |
59d6a035 |
532 | [% # Add a link to edit a book %] |
8a7c5151 |
533 | <a href="[% c.uri_for('formfu_edit', book.id) %]">Edit</a> |
59d6a035 |
534 | </td> |
535 | |
536 | |
537 | =head2 Try Out the Edit/Update Feature |
538 | |
539 | Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still |
540 | running) and restart it: |
541 | |
542 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
543 | |
544 | Make sure you are still logged in as C<test01> and go to the |
545 | L<http://localhost:3000/books/list> URL in your browser. Click the |
546 | "Edit" link next to "Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol. II", change the |
547 | rating to a 3, the "II" at end of the title to the number "2", add |
548 | Stevens as a co-author (control-click), and click Submit. You will then |
549 | be returned to the book list with a "Book edited" message at the top in |
550 | green. Experiment with other edits to various books. |
d682d02d |
551 | |
cca5cd98 |
552 | |
1fba2369 |
553 | =head2 Config::General Config for this tutorial |
554 | |
555 | If you are having difficulty with YAML config above, please save the |
556 | below into the file C<formfu_create.conf> and delete the |
557 | C<formfu_create.yml> file. The below is in |
558 | L<Config::General|Config::General> format which follows the syntax of |
559 | Apache config files. |
560 | |
561 | constraints Required |
562 | <elements> |
1fba2369 |
563 | <constraints> |
564 | min 5 |
565 | max 40 |
566 | type Length |
567 | message Length must be between 5 and 40 characters |
568 | </constraints> |
569 | filter TrimEdges |
570 | filter HTMLEscape |
571 | name title |
572 | type Text |
573 | label Title |
574 | <attributes> |
575 | title Enter a book title here |
576 | </attributes> |
577 | </elements> |
578 | <elements> |
1fba2369 |
579 | constraints Integer |
580 | filter TrimEdges |
581 | filter NonNumeric |
582 | name rating |
583 | type Text |
584 | label Rating |
585 | <attributes> |
586 | title Enter a rating between 1 and 5 here |
587 | </attributes> |
588 | </elements> |
589 | <elements> |
590 | constraints Integer |
591 | filter TrimEdges |
592 | filter HTMLEscape |
593 | name authors |
594 | type Select |
595 | label Author |
596 | multiple 1 |
597 | size 3 |
598 | </elements> |
599 | <elements> |
600 | value Submit |
601 | name submit |
602 | type Submit |
603 | </elements> |
604 | indicator submit |
605 | |
606 | |
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607 | |
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608 | =head1 AUTHOR |
609 | |
610 | Kennedy Clark, C<hkclark@gmail.com> |
611 | |
612 | Please report any errors, issues or suggestions to the author. The |
613 | most recent version of the Catalyst Tutorial can be found at |
614 | L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/trunk/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial/>. |
615 | |
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616 | Copyright 20066-2008, Kennedy Clark, under Creative Commons License |
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617 | (L<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/>). |
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618 | |