First pass through add form with constraints and filtering. Hope to add edit feature...

[catagits/Catalyst-Manual.git] / lib / Catalyst / Manual / Tutorial / AdvancedCRUD / FormFu.pod

=head1 NAME

Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::AdvancedCRUD::FormFu - Catalyst Tutorial - Part 9: Advanced CRUD - FormFu


NOTE:  This part of the tutorial is in progress and will be ready soon.

=head1 OVERVIEW

This is B<Part 9 of 10> for the Catalyst tutorial.

L<Tutorial Overview|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial>

=over 4

=item 1

L<Introduction|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Intro>

=item 2

L<Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::CatalystBasics>

=item 3

L<More Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::MoreCatalystBasics>

=item 4

L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::BasicCRUD>

=item 5

L<Authentication|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authentication>

=item 6

L<Authorization|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authorization>

=item 7

L<Debugging|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Debugging>

=item 8

L<Testing|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Testing>

=item 9

B<Advanced CRUD::FormFu>

=item 10

L<Appendices|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Appendices>

=back


=head1 DESCRIPTION

This portion of the tutorial explores L<HTML::FormFu|HTML::FormFu> and 
how it can be used to manage forms, perform validation of form input, 
as well as save and restore data to/from the database.

See 
L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::AdvancedCRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::AdvancedCRUD>
for additional form management options other than 
L<HTML::FormFu|HTML::FormFu>.


=head1 Install C<HTML::FormFu>

If you are following along in Ubuntu, it turns out that C<HTML::FormFu> 
is not yet available as a package at the time this was written.  To 
install it with a combination of C<apt-get> packages and traditional 
CPAN modules, first use C<apt-get> to install most of the modules 
required by C<HTML::FormFu>:

    sudo apt-get install libtest-nowarnings-perl libdatetime-format-builder-perl \
    libdatetime-format-strptime-perl libdatetime-locale-perl \
    libhtml-tokeparser-simple-perl liblist-moreutils-perl \
    libregexp-copy-perl libregexp-common-perl libyaml-syck-perl libparams-util-perl

Then use the following command to install directly from CPAN the modules 
that aren't available as Ubuntu/Debian packages via C<apt-get>:

    sudo cpan File::ShareDir Task::Weaken Config::Any HTML::FormFu \
    Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu


=head1 C<HTML::FormFu> FORM CREATION

This section looks at how L<HTML::FormFu|HTML::FormFu> can be used to 
add additional functionality to the manually created form from Part 4.


=head2 Inherit From C<Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu>

First, change your C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Books.pm> to inherit from
L<Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu|Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu>
by changing the C<use base> line from the default of:

    use base 'Catalyst::Controller';

to use the FormFu base controller class:

    use base 'Catalyst::Controller::HTML::FormFu';


=head2 Add Action to Display and Save the Form

Open C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Books.pm> in your editor and add the
following method:

    =head2 formfu_create
    
    Build an HTML::FormFu form for book creation and updates
    
    =cut
    
    sub formfu_create :Local :FormConfig {
        my ($self, $c) = @_;
    
        # Get the form that the :FormConfig attribute saved in the stash
        my $form = $c->stash->{form};
  
        # Check if the form as been submitted (vs. displaying the initial
        # form) and if the data based validation.  "submitted_and_valid"
        # is shorthand for "$form->submitted && !$form->has_errors"
        if ($form->submitted_and_valid) {
            # Create a new book
            my $book = $c->model('DB::Books')->new_result({});
            # Save the form data for the book
            $form->save_to_model($book);
            # Set a status message for the user
            $c->flash->{status_msg} = 'Book created';
            # Return to the books list
            $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('list')); 
            $c->detach;
        } else {
            # Get the authors from the DB
            my @authorObjs = $c->model("DB::Authors")->all();
            # Create an array of arrayrefs where each arrayref is an author
            my @authors;
            foreach (sort {$a->last_name cmp $b->last_name} @authorObjs) {
                push(@authors, [$_->id, $_->last_name]);
            }
            # Get the select added by the config file
            my $select = $form->get_element({type => 'Select'});
            # Add the authors to it
            $select->options(\@authors);
        }
        
        # Set the template
        $c->stash->{template} = 'books/formfu_create.tt2';
    }


=head2 Create a Form Config File

Although C<HTML::FormFu> supports any configuration file handled by
L<Config::Any|Config::Any>, most people tend to use YAML.  First
create a directory to hold your form configuration files:

    mkdir -p root/forms/books

Then create the file C<root/forms/books/formfu_create.yml> and enter the 
following text:

    ---
    # indicator is the field that is used to test for form submission
    indicator: submit
    # Start listing the form elements
    elements:
        # The first element will be a text field for the title
        - type: Text
          name: title
          label: Title
          # This is an optional 'mouse over' title pop-up
          attributes:
            title: Enter a book title here
    
        # Another text field for the numeric rating
        - type: Text
          name: rating
          label: Rating
          attributes:
            title: Enter a rating between 1 and 5 here
    
        # Add a drop-down list for the author selection.  Note that we will
        # dynamically fill in all the authors from the controller but we
        # could manually set items in the drop-list by adding this YAML code:
        # options:
        #   - [ '1', 'Bastien' ]
        #   - [ '2', 'Nasseh'  ]
        - type: Select
          name: authors
          label: Author
    
        # The submit button
        - type: Submit
          name: submit
          value: Submit


=head2 Update the CSS

Edit C<root/src/ttsite.css> and add the following lines to the bottom of
the file:

    input {
        display: block;
    }
    select {
        display: block;
    }
    .submit {
        padding-top: .5em;
        display: block;
    }

These changes will display form elements vertically.  Note that the 
existing definition of the C<.error> class is pulling the color scheme 
settings from the C<root/lib/config/col> file that was created by the 
TTSite helper.  This allows control over the CSS color settings from a 
single location.


=head2 Create a Template Page To Display The Form

Open C<root/src/books/formfu_create.tt2> in your editor and enter the following:

    [% META title = 'Create/Update Book' %]
    
    [%# Render the HTML::FormFu Form %]
    [% form %]
    
    <p><a href="[% Catalyst.uri_for('list') %]">Return to book list</a></p>


=head2 Add Links for Create and Update via C<HTML::FormFu>

Open C<root/src/books/list.tt2> in your editor and add the following to
the bottom of the existing file:

    <p>
      HTML::FormFu:
      <a href="[% Catalyst.uri_for('formfu_create') %]">Create</a>
    </p>

This adds a new link to the bottom of the book list page that we can
use to easily launch our HTML::FormFu-based form.


=head2 Test The <HTML::FormFu> Create Form

Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still
running) and restart it:

    $ script/myapp_server.pl

Login as C<test01>.  Once at the Book List page, click the new 
HTML::FormFu "Create" link at the bottom to display the form.  Fill in 
the following values: Title = "Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol. II", 
Rating = "4", and Author = "Comer".  Click Submit, and you will be 
returned to the Book List page with a "Book created" status message 
displayed.

Also note that this implementation allows you to can create books with 
bogus information.  Although we have constrained the authors with the 
drop-down list (somewhat, we still have not prevented a user from 
"hacking" the form to specify other values), there are no restrictions 
on items such as the length of the title (for example, you can create a 
one-letter title) and value for the rating (you can use any number you 
want, and even non-numeric values with SQLite).  The next section will 
address this concern.

B<Note:> Depending on the database you are using and how you established
the columns in your tables, the database could obviously provide various
levels of "type enforcement" on your data.  The key point being made in
the previous paragraph is that the I<web application> itself is not
performing any validation.


=head1 C<HTML::FormFu> VALIDATION AND FILTERING

Although the use of L<HTML::FormFu|HTML::FormFu> in the previous section 
did provide an automated mechanism to build the form, the real power of 
this module stems from functionality that can automatically validate and 
filter the user input.  Validation uses constraints to be sure that 
users input appropriate data (for example, that the email field of a 
form contains a valid email address).  Filtering can also be used to 
remove extraneous whitespace from fields or to escape meta-characters in 
user input.


=head2 Add Constraints

Open C<root/forms/books/formfu_create.yml> in your editor and update it 
to match:

    ---
    # indicator is the field that is used to test for form submission
    indicator: submit
    # Start listing the form elements
    elements:
        # The first element will be a text field for the title
        - type: Text
          name: title
          label: Title
          # This is an optional 'mouse over' title pop-up
          attributes:
            title: Enter a book title here
          # Use Filter to clean up the input data
          filter:
            # Remove whitespace at both ends
            - TrimEdges
            # Escape HTML characters for safety
            - HTMLEscape
          # Add constraints for the field
          constraints:
            # The user cannot leave this field blank
            - Required
            # Force the length to be between 5 and 30 chars
            - type: Length
              min: 5
              max: 30
              # Override the default of 'Invalid input'
              message: Length must be between 5 and 30 characters
    
        # Another text field for the numeric rating
        - type: Text
          name: rating
          label: Rating
          attributes:
            title: Enter a rating between 1 and 5 here
          # Use Filter to clean up the input data
          filter:
            # Remove whitespace at both ends
            - TrimEdges
            # Remove everything except digits
            - NonNumeric
          # Add constraints to the field
          constraints:
            - Required
            # Make sure it's a number
            - Integer
    
        # Add a select list for the author selection.  Note that we will
        # dynamically fill in all the authors from the controller but we
        # could manually set items in the select by adding this YAML code:
        # options:
        #   - [ '1', 'Bastien' ]
        #   - [ '2', 'Nasseh'  ]
        - type: Select
          name: authors
          label: Author
          # Convert the drop-down to a multi-select list
          multiple: 1
          # Display 3 entries (user can scroll to see others)
          size: 3
          # One could argue we don't need to do filters or constraints for
          # a select list, but it's smart to do validation and sanity
          # checks on this data in case a user "hacks" the input
          # Use Filter to clean up the input data
          filter:
            # Remove whitespace at both ends
            - TrimEdges
            # Escape HTML characters for safety
            - HTMLEscape
          # Add constraints to the field
          constraints:
            - Required
            # Make sure it's a number
            - Integer
    
        # The submit button
        - type: Submit
          name: submit
          value: Submit
    
    # Globally ensure that each field only specified one value
    constraints:
        - SingleValue

The main changes are:

=over 4

=item *

The C<Select> element for C<authors> is changed from a single-select
drop-down to a multi-select list by adding configuration for the 
C<multiple> and C<size> options in C<formfu_create.yml>.

=item *

Constraints are added to provide validation of the user input.  See
L<HTML::FormFu::Constraint|HTML::FormFu::Constraint> for other
constraints that are available.

=item *

A variety of filters are run on every field to remove and escape 
unwanted input.  See L<HTML::FormFu::Filter|HTML::FormFu::Filter>
for more filter options.

=back


=head2 Try Out the Updated Form

Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still 
running) and restart it:

    $ script/myapp_server.pl

Now try adding a book with various errors: title less than 5 characters, 
non-numeric rating, a rating of 0 or 6, etc.  Also try selecting one, 
two, and zero authors.  When you click Submit, the HTML::FormFu 
C<constraint> items will validate the logic and insert feedback as 
appropriate.  Try adding blank spaces at the front or the back of the 
title and note that it will be removed.


=head1 AUTHOR

Kennedy Clark, C<hkclark@gmail.com>

Please report any errors, issues or suggestions to the author.  The
most recent version of the Catalyst Tutorial can be found at
L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/trunk/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial/>.

Copyright 20066-2008, Kennedy Clark, under Creative Commons License
(L<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/>).