2 package MooseX::Getopt;
5 use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
7 use MooseX::Getopt::OptionTypeMap;
9 use MooseX::Getopt::Session;
11 use MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute;
12 use MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute::NoGetopt;
15 our $VERSION = '0.15';
16 our $AUTHORITY = 'cpan:STEVAN';
19 use constant _default_getopt_session => 'MooseX::Getopt::Session';
24 isa => 'MooseX::Getopt::Session',
25 metaclass => 'NoGetopt',
26 handles => [ 'ARGV', 'extra_argv' ],
30 sub new_with_options {
33 return $class->new( $class->get_options_from_argv(@_) );
37 sub get_options_from_argv {
40 Moose->throw_error("Single parameters to get_options_from_argv() must be a HASH ref")
41 if ref $_[0] and ref $_ ne 'HASH';
43 my %params = ( @_ == 1 ? %{ $_[0] } : @_ );
45 my $getopt = defined $params{getopt}
47 : $class->_default_getopt_session->new(
48 classes_filter => sub { $_ eq $class },
53 %{ $getopt->params }, # params from session object
54 %params, # explicit params to ->new
55 %{ $getopt->options }, # params from CLI
63 sub _compute_getopt_attrs {
67 $_->does('MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute::Trait')
71 !$_->does('MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute::Trait::NoGetopt')
72 } $class->meta->compute_all_applicable_attributes;
84 MooseX::Getopt - A Moose role for processing command line options
92 with 'MooseX::Getopt';
94 has 'out' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', required => 1);
95 has 'in' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', required => 1);
97 # ... rest of the class here
104 my $app = My::App->new_with_options();
105 # ... rest of the script here
107 ## on the command line
108 % perl my_app_script.pl -in file.input -out file.dump
112 This is a role which provides an alternate constructor for creating
113 objects using parameters passed in from the command line.
115 This module attempts to DWIM as much as possible with the command line
116 params by introspecting your class's attributes. It will use the name
117 of your attribute as the command line option, and if there is a type
118 constraint defined, it will configure Getopt::Long to handle the option
121 You can use the trait L<MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute::Trait> or the
122 attribute metaclass L<MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute> to get non-default
123 commandline option names and aliases.
125 You can use the trait L<MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute::Trait::NoGetopt>
126 or the attribute metaclass L<MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute::NoGetopt>
127 to have C<MooseX::Getopt> ignore your attribute in the commandline options.
129 By default, attributes which start with an underscore are not given
130 commandline argument support, unless the attribute's metaclass is set
131 to L<MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute>. If you don't want you accessors
132 to have the leading underscore in thier name, you can do this:
134 # for read/write attributes
135 has '_foo' => (accessor => 'foo', ...);
137 # or for read-only attributes
138 has '_bar' => (reader => 'bar', ...);
140 This will mean that Getopt will not handle a --foo param, but your
141 code can still call the C<foo> method.
143 If your class also uses a configfile-loading role based on
144 L<MooseX::ConfigFromFile>, such as L<MooseX::SimpleConfig>,
145 L<MooseX::Getopt>'s C<new_with_options> will load the configfile
146 specified by the C<--configfile> option (or the default you've
147 given for the configfile attribute) for you.
149 Options specified in multiple places follow the following
150 precendence order: commandline overrides configfile, which
151 overrides explicit new_with_options parameters.
153 =head2 Supported Type Constraints
159 A I<Bool> type constraint is set up as a boolean option with
160 Getopt::Long. So that this attribute description:
162 has 'verbose' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Bool');
164 would translate into C<verbose!> as a Getopt::Long option descriptor,
165 which would enable the following command line options:
167 % my_script.pl --verbose
168 % my_script.pl --noverbose
170 =item I<Int>, I<Float>, I<Str>
172 These type constraints are set up as properly typed options with
173 Getopt::Long, using the C<=i>, C<=f> and C<=s> modifiers as appropriate.
177 An I<ArrayRef> type constraint is set up as a multiple value option
178 in Getopt::Long. So that this attribute description:
183 default => sub { [] }
186 would translate into C<includes=s@> as a Getopt::Long option descriptor,
187 which would enable the following command line options:
189 % my_script.pl --include /usr/lib --include /usr/local/lib
193 A I<HashRef> type constraint is set up as a hash value option
194 in Getopt::Long. So that this attribute description:
199 default => sub { {} }
202 would translate into C<define=s%> as a Getopt::Long option descriptor,
203 which would enable the following command line options:
205 % my_script.pl --define os=linux --define vendor=debian
209 =head2 Custom Type Constraints
211 It is possible to create custom type constraint to option spec
212 mappings if you need them. The process is fairly simple (but a
213 little verbose maybe). First you create a custom subtype, like
216 subtype 'ArrayOfInts'
218 => where { scalar (grep { looks_like_number($_) } @$_) };
220 Then you register the mapping, like so:
222 MooseX::Getopt::OptionTypeMap->add_option_type_to_map(
223 'ArrayOfInts' => '=i@'
226 Now any attribute declarations using this type constraint will
227 get the custom option spec. So that, this:
231 isa => 'ArrayOfInts',
232 default => sub { [0] }
235 Will translate to the following on the command line:
237 % my_script.pl --nums 5 --nums 88 --nums 199
239 This example is fairly trivial, but more complex validations are
240 easily possible with a little creativity. The trick is balancing
241 the type constraint validations with the Getopt::Long validations.
243 Better examples are certainly welcome :)
245 =head2 Inferred Type Constraints
247 If you define a custom subtype which is a subtype of one of the
248 standard L</Supported Type Constraints> above, and do not explicitly
249 provide custom support as in L</Custom Type Constraints> above,
250 MooseX::Getopt will treat it like the parent type for Getopt
253 For example, if you had the same custom C<ArrayOfInts> subtype
254 from the examples above, but did not add a new custom option
255 type for it to the C<OptionTypeMap>, it would be treated just
256 like a normal C<ArrayRef> type for Getopt purposes (that is,
261 L<MooseX::Getopt> can handle more than one class which contain
262 attributes filled from CLI. In this case, you need to use explicite
263 L<MooseX::Getopt::Session> object and then the Getopt attributes will be
264 searched in any class which does L<MooseX::Getopt>.
268 with 'MooseX::Getopt';
269 has 'send' => (is => 'rw', predicate => 'has_send');
271 package My::App::Send;
273 with 'MooseX::Getopt';
274 has 'to' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', default => 'localhost');
275 sub send { my $self = shift; warn "Sending mail to ", $self->to; }
277 # ... rest of the class here
282 my $getopt = MooseX::Getopt::Session->new;
284 my $app = My::App->new_with_options( getopt => $getopt );
285 if ($app->has_send) {
286 # Use the same command line
287 my $sender = My::App::Send->new_with_options( getopt => $getopt );
290 # ... rest of the script here
292 ## on the command line
293 % perl my_app_script.pl --send --to server.example.net
299 =item B<new_with_options (%params)>
301 This method will take a set of default C<%params> and then collect
302 params from the command line (possibly overriding those in C<%params>)
303 and then return a newly constructed object.
305 If L<Getopt::Long/GetOptions> fails (due to invalid arguments),
306 C<new_with_options> will throw an exception.
308 If you have L<Getopt::Long::Descriptive> a the C<usage> param is also passed to
311 =item B<get_options_from_argv (%params)>
313 This method returns the list of parameters collected from command line
314 without creating the new object.
318 This accessor contains a reference to a copy of the C<@ARGV> array as it
319 originally existed at the time of C<new_with_options>.
321 The C<ARGV> is delegated from L<MooseX::Getopt::Session> object.
325 This accessor contains an arrayref of leftover C<@ARGV> elements that
326 L<Getopt::Long> did not parse. Note that the real C<@ARGV> is left
329 The C<extra_argv> is delegated from L<MooseX::Getopt::Session> object.
333 This accessor contains a L<MooseX::Getopt::Session> object. This object can
334 be shared between more than one class which does L<MooseX::Getopt>. The new
335 object is created by default.
339 This returns the role meta object.
347 =item L<MooseX::Getopt::Strict>
349 =item L<MooseX::Getopt::Session>
351 =item L<MooseX::Getopt::Parser>
357 All complex software has bugs lurking in it, and this module is no
358 exception. If you find a bug please either email me, or add the bug
363 Stevan Little E<lt>stevan@iinteractive.comE<gt>
365 Brandon L. Black, E<lt>blblack@gmail.comE<gt>
367 Yuval Kogman, E<lt>nothingmuch@woobling.orgE<gt>
371 Ryan D Johnson, E<lt>ryan@innerfence.comE<gt>
373 Piotr Roszatycki, E<lt>dexter@cpan.orgE<gt>
375 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
377 Copyright 2007-2008 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.
379 L<http://www.iinteractive.com>
381 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
382 it under the same terms as Perl itself.