1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
16 use Data::Dumper::Concise();
19 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
20 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _conn_pid
21 _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit _driver_determined savepoints
25 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
26 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
27 my @storage_options = qw/
28 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
29 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
34 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
35 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
37 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
41 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks');
44 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
45 # in order to function reliably. This is a purely DRY optimization
46 my @rdbms_specific_methods = qw/
60 for my $meth (@rdbms_specific_methods) {
62 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
66 no warnings qw/redefine/;
67 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = Sub::Name::subname $meth => sub {
68 if (not $_[0]->_driver_determined) {
69 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
70 goto $_[0]->can($meth);
79 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
83 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
85 $schema->storage->debug(1);
87 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
89 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
90 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
95 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
96 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
101 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
102 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
103 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
110 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
112 $new->transaction_depth(0);
113 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
114 $new->{savepoints} = [];
115 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
116 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
123 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
124 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
126 The argument list may contain:
132 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
133 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
134 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
135 recognized by DBIx::Class:
137 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
141 A single code reference which returns a connected
142 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
143 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
146 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
150 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
153 $connect_info_args = [{
161 $connect_info_args = [{
162 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
167 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
168 following config (L<Config::General> style):
173 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
180 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
181 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
182 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
186 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
187 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
188 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
189 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
190 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
191 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
193 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
195 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
196 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
197 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
198 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
199 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
201 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
202 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
203 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
210 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
211 the database. Its value may contain:
217 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
219 =item an array reference
221 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
222 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
224 =item a code reference
226 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
227 array reference, its return value is ignored.
231 =item on_disconnect_do
233 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
234 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
236 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
239 =item on_connect_call
241 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
242 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
244 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
248 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
250 Its values may contain:
256 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
258 =item a code reference
260 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
262 =item an array reference
264 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
266 =item an array of arrays
268 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
269 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
273 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
279 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
280 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
288 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
292 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
293 attributes hashref and bind values.
295 =item a code reference
297 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
304 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
305 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
306 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
308 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
309 implementation details.
313 =item on_disconnect_call
315 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
316 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
318 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
319 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
321 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
324 =item disable_sth_caching
326 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
327 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
331 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
332 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
333 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
337 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
338 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
340 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
341 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
342 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
344 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
345 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
349 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
350 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
351 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
353 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
354 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
355 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
360 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
361 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
362 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
363 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
365 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
366 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
367 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
368 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
370 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
371 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
372 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
376 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
377 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
378 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
382 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
383 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
387 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
388 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
390 # Simple SQLite connection
391 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
394 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
396 # Connect via subref in hashref
398 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
399 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
402 # A bit more complicated
409 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
413 # Equivalent to the previous example
419 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
423 # Same, but with hashref as argument
424 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
427 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
429 password => 'my_pg_password',
436 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
439 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
443 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
444 disable_sth_caching => 1,
454 my ($self, $info) = @_;
456 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
458 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
460 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
461 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
463 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
464 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
466 $self->$storage_opt($value);
469 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
470 # the new set of options
471 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
472 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
474 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
475 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
477 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
481 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
482 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
485 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
487 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args,
488 %attrs && !(ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') ? \%attrs : ()]);
490 return $self->_connect_info;
493 sub _normalize_connect_info {
494 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
497 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
499 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
502 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
503 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
506 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
507 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
509 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
512 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
515 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
516 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
518 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
523 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
526 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
528 % { $args[3] || {} },
529 % { $args[4] || {} },
531 @args = @args[0,1,2];
534 $info{arguments} = \@args;
536 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
537 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
539 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
540 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
542 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
543 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/;
545 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
546 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
548 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
553 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes {
563 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
567 =head2 on_disconnect_do
569 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
573 sub _parse_connect_do {
574 my ($self, $type) = @_;
576 my $val = $self->$type;
577 return () if not defined $val;
582 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
583 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
585 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
586 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
588 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
596 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
598 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
599 connection management.
601 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
602 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
603 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
605 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
606 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
608 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
609 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
610 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
614 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
616 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
617 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
618 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
629 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
631 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
632 || $self->{transaction_depth};
634 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
637 my $want_array = wantarray;
642 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
644 elsif(defined $want_array) {
645 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
648 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
652 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
654 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
656 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
658 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
659 # exception fall right through this time
660 carp "Retrying $code after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
661 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
662 $self->_populate_dbh;
663 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
666 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
667 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
668 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
673 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
674 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
676 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
678 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
681 my $want_array = wantarray;
690 @result = $coderef->(@_);
692 elsif(defined $want_array) {
693 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
701 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
703 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
705 if($tried++ || $self->connected) {
706 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
707 my $rollback_exception = $@;
708 if($rollback_exception) {
709 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
710 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
711 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
713 $self->throw_exception(
714 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
715 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
718 $self->throw_exception($exception)
721 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
723 carp "Retrying $coderef after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
724 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
725 $self->_populate_dbh;
731 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
732 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
742 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
743 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
745 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
747 $self->_dbh_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
749 %{ $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
750 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
756 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
760 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
762 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
766 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
767 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
771 # Storage subclasses should override this
772 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
773 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
781 =item Arguments: none
783 =item Return Value: 1|0
787 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
788 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
789 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
795 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
798 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
803 sub _seems_connected {
806 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
809 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
816 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
819 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
825 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
830 # handle pid changes correctly
831 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
835 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
837 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
844 sub ensure_connected {
847 unless ($self->connected) {
848 $self->_populate_dbh;
854 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
855 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
856 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
857 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
865 if (not $self->_dbh) {
866 $self->_populate_dbh;
868 $self->ensure_connected;
873 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
876 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
877 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
881 sub _sql_maker_args {
886 array_datatypes => 1,
887 limit_dialect => $self->_get_dbh,
888 %{$self->_sql_maker_opts}
894 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
895 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
896 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
897 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
899 return $self->_sql_maker;
902 # nothing to do by default
909 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
910 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
911 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
913 $self->_conn_pid($$);
914 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
916 $self->_determine_driver;
918 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
919 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
920 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
922 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
924 $self->_populate_server_info;
927 sub _run_connection_actions {
931 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
932 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
934 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
937 sub _populate_server_info {
941 my $dbms_ver = eval { local $@; $self->_get_dbh->get_info(18) };
943 $info{dbms_ver} = $dbms_ver if defined $dbms_ver;
945 $self->__server_info(\%info);
955 return $self->__server_info(@_);
958 sub _determine_driver {
961 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
962 my $started_connected = 0;
963 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
965 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
967 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
968 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
969 $started_connected = 1;
971 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
972 if (ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] &&
973 Scalar::Util::reftype($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]) eq 'CODE') {
974 $self->_populate_dbh;
975 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
978 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
979 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
980 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
981 my $dsn = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || '';
982 ($driver) = $dsn =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
987 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
988 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
989 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
990 bless $self, $storage_class;
996 $self->_driver_determined(1);
998 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1000 $self->_run_connection_actions
1001 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1005 sub _do_connection_actions {
1007 my $method_prefix = shift;
1010 if (not ref($call)) {
1011 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1013 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1015 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1016 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1017 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1019 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1022 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1028 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1030 $self->_do_query(@_);
1033 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1035 $self->_do_query(@_);
1038 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1039 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1042 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1044 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1045 $action = $action->($self);
1046 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1049 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1050 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1051 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1052 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1053 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1054 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1055 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1056 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1058 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
1059 $self->_get_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1060 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
1067 my ($self, @info) = @_;
1069 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
1072 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1074 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
1075 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
1076 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
1080 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1081 $dbh = $info[0]->();
1084 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1087 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
1088 my $weak_self = $self;
1089 Scalar::Util::weaken($weak_self);
1090 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
1092 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1095 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1097 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1100 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1101 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1102 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1106 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1108 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
1111 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1117 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1119 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1120 unless defined $name;
1122 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1123 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1125 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1126 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1128 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1130 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1132 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1136 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1138 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1139 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1141 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1142 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1144 if (defined $name) {
1145 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1146 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1148 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1149 # the stack up to date.
1152 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1154 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1157 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1159 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1163 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1165 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1166 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1168 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1169 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1171 if (defined $name) {
1172 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1173 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1174 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1177 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1178 # the stack up to date.
1179 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1180 last if($s eq $name);
1182 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1183 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1184 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1186 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1187 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1190 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1192 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1195 sub _svp_generate_name {
1198 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1204 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1205 # (e.g. coderef $dbh)
1206 $self->ensure_connected if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit);
1208 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1209 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1211 $self->_dbh_begin_work;
1213 elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1216 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1219 sub _dbh_begin_work {
1222 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1223 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1224 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1225 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1226 # then retried on reconnect)
1227 if ($self->{_in_dbh_do}) {
1228 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1230 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1236 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1237 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1240 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1241 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1243 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1244 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1246 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1252 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1253 or $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1259 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1261 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1262 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1264 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1265 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1266 $self->_dbh_rollback;
1268 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1269 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1270 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1271 $self->svp_rollback;
1276 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1281 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1282 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1283 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1284 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1285 $self->throw_exception($error);
1291 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1292 or $self->throw_exception('cannot ROLLBACK on a disconnected handle');
1296 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1297 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1298 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1299 sub _prep_for_execute {
1300 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1302 if( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1303 $ident = $ident->from();
1306 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1309 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1311 return ($sql, \@bind);
1315 sub _fix_bind_params {
1316 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1318 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1319 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1321 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1324 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1325 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1332 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1334 if ( $self->debug ) {
1335 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1337 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1342 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1344 if ( $self->debug ) {
1345 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1346 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1351 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1353 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1355 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1357 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1359 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1361 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1362 my $attributes = {};
1363 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1365 if ($bind_attributes) {
1366 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1367 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1370 foreach my $data (@data) {
1371 my $ref = ref $data;
1372 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1374 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1375 $placeholder_index++;
1379 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1380 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1381 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1383 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1385 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1390 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_); # retry over disconnects
1393 sub _prefetch_insert_auto_nextvals {
1394 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1398 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1399 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1400 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1402 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1403 $upd->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1405 $col_info->{sequence} ||=
1406 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1417 my ($source, $to_insert, $opts) = @_;
1419 my $updated_cols = $self->_prefetch_insert_auto_nextvals (@_);
1421 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1423 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert, $opts);
1425 if ($opts->{returning}) {
1426 my @ret_cols = @{$opts->{returning}};
1428 my @ret_vals = eval {
1429 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
1430 my @r = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1436 @ret{@ret_cols} = @ret_vals if (@ret_vals);
1444 return $updated_cols;
1447 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1448 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1449 ## only prepped once.
1451 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1454 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1456 for my $i (0..$#$cols) {
1457 my $first_val = $data->[0][$i];
1458 next unless ref $first_val eq 'SCALAR';
1460 $colvalues{ $cols->[$i] } = $first_val;
1463 # check for bad data and stringify stringifiable objects
1464 my $bad_slice = sub {
1465 my ($msg, $col_idx, $slice_idx) = @_;
1466 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
1470 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1; # don't dump objects, if any
1471 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper({
1472 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$slice_idx][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1478 for my $datum_idx (0..$#$data) {
1479 my $datum = $data->[$datum_idx];
1481 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
1482 my $val = $datum->[$col_idx];
1483 my $sqla_bind = $colvalues{ $cols->[$col_idx] };
1484 my $is_literal_sql = (ref $sqla_bind) eq 'SCALAR';
1486 if ($is_literal_sql) {
1488 $bad_slice->('bind found where literal SQL expected', $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1490 elsif ((my $reftype = ref $val) ne 'SCALAR') {
1491 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where literal SQL expected",
1492 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1494 elsif ($$val ne $$sqla_bind){
1495 $bad_slice->("inconsistent literal SQL value, expecting: '$$sqla_bind'",
1496 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1499 elsif (my $reftype = ref $val) {
1501 if (overload::Method($val, '""')) {
1502 $datum->[$col_idx] = "".$val;
1505 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where bind expected",
1506 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1512 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
1513 'insert', undef, $source, [\%colvalues]
1517 my $empty_bind = 1 if (not @bind) &&
1518 (grep { ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' } values %colvalues) == @$cols;
1520 if ((not @bind) && (not $empty_bind)) {
1521 $self->throw_exception(
1522 'Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders'
1526 # neither _execute_array, nor _execute_inserts_with_no_binds are
1527 # atomic (even if _execute _array is a single call). Thus a safety
1529 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1531 $self->_query_start( $sql, ['__BULK__'] );
1532 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1535 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
1536 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
1539 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1540 $self->_execute_array( $source, $sth, \@bind, $cols, $data );
1544 $self->_query_end( $sql, ['__BULK__'] );
1548 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1551 sub _execute_array {
1552 my ($self, $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data, @extra) = @_;
1554 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1555 my $tuple_status = [];
1557 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1558 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1560 ## Bind the values and execute
1561 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1563 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1565 my $attributes = {};
1566 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1568 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1569 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1570 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1573 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1575 $sth->bind_param_array(
1578 (%$attributes ? $attributes : ()),
1580 $placeholder_index++;
1584 $self->_dbh_execute_array($sth, $tuple_status, @extra);
1586 my $err = $@ || $sth->errstr;
1588 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
1589 eval { $sth->finish };
1590 $err = $@ unless $err;
1594 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1596 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
1597 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1599 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1600 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
1601 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper({
1602 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1609 sub _dbh_execute_array {
1610 my ($self, $sth, $tuple_status, @extra) = @_;
1612 return $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1615 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
1616 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
1619 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
1620 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1621 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1623 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
1627 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
1628 eval { $sth->finish };
1629 $exception = $@ unless $exception;
1631 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $exception;
1637 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1639 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1641 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1646 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1648 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1650 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1653 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1654 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1655 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets, or non-introspectable conditions)
1657 # Generating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1658 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1659 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1660 sub _subq_update_delete {
1662 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1664 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1666 # quick check if we got a sane rs on our hands
1667 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1669 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1670 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1673 join ("\x00", map { join '.', $rs->{attrs}{alias}, $_ } sort @pcols)
1675 join ("\x00", sort @$sel )
1677 $self->throw_exception (
1678 '_subq_update_delete can not be called on resultsets selecting columns other than the primary keys'
1685 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1686 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1691 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1695 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1696 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1697 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1698 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1701 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1702 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1705 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1706 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1709 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1710 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1712 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1715 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1717 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1719 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1720 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1722 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1724 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
1725 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
1727 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1728 my @all_pk = $subrs_cur->all;
1729 for my $pks ( @all_pk) {
1732 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1733 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks->[$i];
1738 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1753 # localization is neccessary as
1754 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1755 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1756 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1757 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1759 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1762 sub _select_args_to_query {
1765 # localization is neccessary as
1766 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1767 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1768 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1769 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1771 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset)
1772 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
1773 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
1774 $self->_select_args(@_);
1776 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset ]);
1777 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
1778 $prepared_bind ||= [];
1781 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
1782 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
1787 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1789 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
1791 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1792 $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs} = {
1797 $rs_alias && $alias2source->{$rs_alias}
1798 ? ( _source_handle => $alias2source->{$rs_alias}->handle )
1803 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
1804 my $bind_attrs = {};
1805 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
1806 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
1807 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
1809 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
1810 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
1812 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
1813 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
1814 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
1815 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
1816 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
1817 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
1818 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
1819 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
1821 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
1822 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
1825 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
1832 $attrs->{software_limit}
1834 $sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ"
1836 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1839 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1840 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1842 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1843 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1848 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart otherwise delegate the limiting to the
1849 # storage, unless software limit was requested
1852 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
1854 # limited prefetch with RNO subqueries
1858 $sql_maker->limit_dialect eq 'RowNumberOver'
1860 $attrs->{_prefetch_select}
1862 @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}}
1866 ( $attrs->{group_by}
1868 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
1870 $attrs->{_prefetch_select}
1872 @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}}
1875 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
1876 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1880 ($attrs->{rows} || $attrs->{offset})
1882 $sql_maker->limit_dialect eq 'RowNumberOver'
1884 (ref $ident eq 'ARRAY' && @$ident > 1) # indicates a join
1886 scalar $self->_parse_order_by ($attrs->{order_by})
1888 # the RNO limit dialect above mangles the SQL such that the join gets lost
1889 # wrap a subquery here
1891 push @limit, delete @{$attrs}{qw/rows offset/};
1893 my $subq = $self->_select_args_to_query (
1901 -alias => $attrs->{alias},
1902 -source_handle => $ident->[0]{-source_handle},
1903 $attrs->{alias} => $subq,
1906 # all part of the subquery now
1907 delete @{$attrs}{qw/order_by group_by having/};
1911 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
1912 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1915 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
1916 $ident = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1919 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
1920 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
1921 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
1922 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
1924 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
1925 # invoked, and that's just bad...
1929 { $attrs->{$_} ? ( $_ => $attrs->{$_} ) : () }
1930 (qw/order_by group_by having/ )
1933 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $order, @limit);
1936 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
1937 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
1938 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
1939 # sense as a performance optimization
1941 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1942 return { count => '*' };
1945 # Returns a SELECT which will end up in the subselect
1946 # There may or may not be a group_by, as the subquery
1947 # might have been called to accomodate a limit
1949 # Most databases would be happy with whatever ends up
1950 # here, but some choke in various ways.
1952 sub _subq_count_select {
1953 my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1955 if (my $groupby = $rs_attrs->{group_by}) {
1957 my $avail_columns = $self->_resolve_column_info ($rs_attrs->{from});
1960 for my $sel (@{$rs_attrs->{select}}) {
1961 if (ref $sel eq 'HASH' and $sel->{-as}) {
1962 $sel_index->{$sel->{-as}} = $sel;
1967 for my $g_part (@$groupby) {
1968 if (ref $g_part or $avail_columns->{$g_part}) {
1969 push @selection, $g_part;
1971 elsif ($sel_index->{$g_part}) {
1972 push @selection, $sel_index->{$g_part};
1975 $self->throw_exception ("group_by criteria '$g_part' not contained within current resultset source(s)");
1982 my @pcols = map { join '.', $rs_attrs->{alias}, $_ } ($source->primary_columns);
1983 return @pcols ? \@pcols : [ 1 ];
1986 sub source_bind_attributes {
1987 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1989 my $bind_attributes;
1990 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1992 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1993 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1997 return $bind_attributes;
2004 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2008 Handle a SQL select statement.
2014 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2015 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2020 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2021 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2022 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2023 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2024 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2026 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2035 =item Arguments: $sql
2039 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
2044 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
2046 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
2047 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
2048 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
2049 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
2051 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
2052 # but apparently that's not true :(
2053 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
2059 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
2060 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql); # retry over disconnects
2063 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2064 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2066 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2069 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2070 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2072 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2074 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2075 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2076 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2077 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2078 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2079 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2081 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2084 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
2088 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2090 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2091 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2093 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2094 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2095 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2097 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2098 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2099 $column_info{size} = $2;
2102 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2106 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2107 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2108 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2110 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2111 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2112 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2113 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2120 sub columns_info_for {
2121 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2122 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2125 =head2 last_insert_id
2127 Return the row id of the last insert.
2131 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2132 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2134 my $id = eval { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2136 return $id if defined $id;
2138 my $class = ref $self;
2139 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2142 sub last_insert_id {
2144 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2147 =head2 _native_data_type
2151 =item Arguments: $type_name
2155 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2156 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2157 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2159 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2160 you need this functionality.
2162 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2163 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2165 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2166 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2168 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2169 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2173 sub _native_data_type {
2174 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2178 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2179 sub _placeholders_supported {
2181 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2183 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2184 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2186 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2187 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2188 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2193 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2195 sub _typeless_placeholders_supported {
2197 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2200 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2201 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2202 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2203 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2210 Returns the database driver name.
2215 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2218 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2220 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2221 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2222 let the database planner just handle it.
2224 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2228 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2232 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2234 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2235 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2236 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2237 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2238 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2242 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2243 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2245 return 0 unless $dt;
2247 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2248 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2253 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2257 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2261 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2262 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2263 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2265 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2266 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2267 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2268 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2270 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2271 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2272 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2273 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2275 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2276 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2277 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2278 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2279 C<quote_field_names>.
2281 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2285 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2287 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2289 =item directory - './'
2291 =item preversion - <none>
2295 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2297 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2299 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2300 hashref like the following
2302 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2305 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2310 sub create_ddl_dir {
2311 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2314 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2318 $self->throw_exception ("Directory '$dir' does not exist\n") unless(-d $dir);
2320 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2321 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2323 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2324 $version ||= $schema_version;
2327 add_drop_table => 1,
2328 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2329 ignore_index_names => 1,
2333 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy')) {
2334 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2337 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2339 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2340 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2341 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2343 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2345 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2346 $sqlt->producer($db);
2349 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2350 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2351 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2352 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2356 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2358 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2361 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2362 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2365 print $file $output;
2368 next unless ($preversion);
2370 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2372 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2373 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2374 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2378 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2380 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2386 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2391 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2393 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2394 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2396 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2398 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2399 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2402 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2403 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2404 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2405 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2407 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2408 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2413 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2415 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2416 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2418 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2420 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2421 unless $dest_schema->name;
2424 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2428 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2429 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2437 =head2 deployment_statements
2441 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2445 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2447 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2448 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2450 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2451 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2452 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2454 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2455 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2457 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2461 sub deployment_statements {
2462 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2463 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2464 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2466 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2470 open($file, "<$filename")
2471 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2474 return join('', @rows);
2477 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy') ) {
2478 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a ddl_dir or " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2481 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2483 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2484 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2486 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
2487 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
2489 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
2496 @ret = $tr->translate;
2499 $ret[0] = $tr->translate;
2502 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
2503 unless (@ret && defined $ret[0]);
2505 return $wa ? @ret : $ret[0];
2509 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2512 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2514 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2515 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2516 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2517 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2518 $self->_query_start($line);
2520 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
2521 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
2522 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
2525 carp qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
2527 $self->_query_end($line);
2529 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2530 if (@statements > 1) {
2531 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2532 $deploy->( $statement );
2535 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2536 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2542 =head2 datetime_parser
2544 Returns the datetime parser class
2548 sub datetime_parser {
2550 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2551 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2555 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2557 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2558 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2562 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2564 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2566 See L</datetime_parser>
2570 sub build_datetime_parser {
2572 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2573 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($type);
2578 =head2 is_replicating
2580 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2581 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2582 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2586 sub is_replicating {
2591 =head2 lag_behind_master
2593 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2594 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2595 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2599 sub lag_behind_master {
2603 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
2607 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
2611 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
2614 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
2615 way these aliases are named.
2617 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
2618 otherwise C<"$relname">.
2622 sub relname_to_table_alias {
2623 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
2625 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
2626 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
2634 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
2636 # some databases need this to stop spewing warnings
2637 if (my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
2640 %{ $dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
2652 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2654 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2655 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2656 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2658 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2659 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2660 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2661 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2662 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2663 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2664 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2670 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2672 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2676 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.