1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use DBIx::Class::Carp;
11 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
12 use Context::Preserve 'preserve_context';
13 use SQL::Abstract qw(is_plain_value is_literal_value);
14 use DBIx::Class::_Util qw(
15 quote_sub perlstring serialize dump_value
16 dbic_internal_try dbic_internal_catch
17 detected_reinvoked_destructor scope_guard
22 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
23 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
26 sql_limit_dialect sql_quote_char sql_name_sep
29 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('component_class' => qw/sql_maker_class datetime_parser_type/);
31 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
32 __PACKAGE__->datetime_parser_type('DateTime::Format::MySQL'); # historic default
34 __PACKAGE__->sql_name_sep('.');
36 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
37 _connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
38 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _dbh_autocommit
39 _perform_autoinc_retrieval _autoinc_supplied_for_op
42 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
43 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
44 my @storage_options = qw/
45 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
46 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
48 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
51 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
54 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
55 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
58 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
59 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
60 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
61 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
62 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
63 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
65 my @capabilities = (qw/
67 insert_returning_bound
76 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
77 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } (@capabilities ) );
79 # on by default, not strictly a capability (pending rewrite)
80 __PACKAGE__->_use_join_optimizer (1);
81 sub _determine_supports_join_optimizer { 1 };
83 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
84 # in order to function reliably. We also need to separate accessors
85 # from plain old method calls, since an accessor called as a setter
86 # does *not* need the driver determination loop fired (and in fact
87 # can produce hard to find bugs, like e.g. losing on_connect_*
88 # semantics on fresh connections)
90 # The construct below is simply a parameterized around()
91 my $storage_accessor_idx = { map { $_ => 1 } qw(
98 for my $meth (keys %$storage_accessor_idx, qw(
101 build_datetime_parser
113 with_deferred_fk_checks
115 get_use_dbms_capability
122 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
123 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
125 my $possibly_a_setter = $storage_accessor_idx->{$meth} ? 1 : 0;
128 __PACKAGE__ ."::$meth", sprintf( <<'EOC', $possibly_a_setter, perlstring $meth ), { '$orig' => \$orig };
131 # if this is an actual *setter* - just set it, no need to connect
132 # and determine the driver
135 # only fire when invoked on an instance, a valid class-based invocation
136 # would e.g. be setting a default for an inherited accessor
139 ! $_[0]->{_driver_determined}
141 ! $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}
143 # Only try to determine stuff if we have *something* that either is or can
144 # provide a DSN. Allows for bare $schema's generated with a plain ->connect()
145 # to still be marginally useful
146 $_[0]->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
148 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
150 # work around http://rt.perl.org/rt3/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=35878
151 goto $_[0]->can(%2$s) unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_GOTO;
153 my $cref = $_[0]->can(%2$s);
163 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
167 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
169 $schema->storage->debug(1);
171 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
173 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
174 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
179 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
180 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
185 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
186 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
187 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
194 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
196 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
197 $new->_dbh_details({});
198 $new->{_in_do_block} = 0;
200 # read below to see what this does
201 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
206 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
207 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
208 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
209 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
210 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
211 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
212 # Additionally this registry is used by the CLONE method to
213 # make sure no handles are shared between threads
215 my %seek_and_destroy;
217 sub _arm_global_destructor {
219 # quick "garbage collection" pass - prevents the registry
220 # from slowly growing with a bunch of undef-valued keys
221 defined $seek_and_destroy{$_} or delete $seek_and_destroy{$_}
222 for keys %seek_and_destroy;
225 $seek_and_destroy{ refaddr($_[0]) } = $_[0]
228 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
229 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
230 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
237 ! DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK
239 my @instances = grep { defined $_ } values %seek_and_destroy
241 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
243 # disarm the handle if not native to this process (see comment on top)
244 $_->_verify_pid for @instances;
247 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
248 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
249 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
253 sub DBIx::Class::__DBI_Storage_iThreads_handler__::CLONE {
254 # As per DBI's recommendation, DBIC disconnects all handles as
255 # soon as possible (DBIC will reconnect only on demand from within
257 my @instances = grep { defined $_ } values %seek_and_destroy;
258 %seek_and_destroy = ();
264 # properly renumber existing refs
265 $_->_arm_global_destructor
268 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
269 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
270 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
276 return if &detected_reinvoked_destructor;
278 $_[0]->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
280 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
281 return unless defined $_[0]->_dbh;
283 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
285 # not calling ->disconnect here - we are being destroyed - nothing to reset
287 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
288 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
289 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
293 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
296 my $pid = $_[0]->_conn_pid;
298 if( defined $pid and $pid != $$ and my $dbh = $_[0]->_dbh ) {
299 $dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
304 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
305 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
306 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
312 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
313 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
315 The argument list may contain:
321 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
322 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
323 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
324 recognized by DBIx::Class:
326 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
330 A single code reference which returns a connected
331 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
332 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
335 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
339 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
342 $connect_info_args = [{
350 $connect_info_args = [{
351 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
356 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
357 following config (L<Config::General> style):
362 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
369 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
370 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
371 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
375 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
376 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
377 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
378 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
379 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
380 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
382 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
384 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES COMMON TO ALL HANDLES>
385 L<connection|DBI/Database Handle Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
386 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
387 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
388 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
390 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
391 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
392 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
399 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
400 the database. Its value may contain:
406 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
408 =item an array reference
410 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
411 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
413 =item a code reference
415 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
416 array reference, its return value is ignored.
420 =item on_disconnect_do
422 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
423 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
425 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
428 =item on_connect_call
430 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
431 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
433 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
437 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
439 Its values may contain:
445 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
447 =item a code reference
449 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
451 =item an array reference
453 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
455 =item an array of arrays
457 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
458 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
462 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
468 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
469 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
477 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
481 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
482 attributes hashref and bind values.
484 =item a code reference
486 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
493 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
494 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
495 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
497 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
498 implementation details.
502 =item on_disconnect_call
504 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
505 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
507 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
508 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
510 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
513 =item disable_sth_caching
515 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
516 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
520 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
521 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
522 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
526 When true automatically sets L</quote_char> and L</name_sep> to the characters
527 appropriate for your particular RDBMS. This option is preferred over specifying
528 L</quote_char> directly.
532 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names.
534 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
535 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
536 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
538 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
539 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
543 This parameter is only useful in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
544 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
545 each other. If unspecified it defaults to the most commonly used C<.>.
549 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
550 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
551 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
552 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
554 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
555 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
556 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
557 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
559 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
560 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
561 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
565 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
566 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
567 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
571 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
572 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
576 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
577 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
579 # Simple SQLite connection
580 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
583 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
585 # Connect via subref in hashref
587 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
588 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
591 # A bit more complicated
598 { quote_char => q{"} },
602 # Equivalent to the previous example
608 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
612 # Same, but with hashref as argument
613 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
616 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
618 password => 'my_pg_password',
625 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
628 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
632 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
633 disable_sth_caching => 1,
643 my ($self, $info) = @_;
645 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
647 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
649 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
650 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
653 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
654 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
657 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
659 if (keys %attrs and ref $args[0] ne 'CODE') {
661 'You provided explicit AutoCommit => 0 in your connection_info. '
662 . 'This is almost universally a bad idea (see the footnotes of '
663 . 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI for more info). If you still want to '
664 . 'do this you can set $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK} to disable '
666 ) if ! $attrs{AutoCommit} and ! $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK};
668 push @args, \%attrs if keys %attrs;
671 # this is the authoritative "always an arrayref" thing fed to DBI->connect
672 # OR a single-element coderef-based $dbh factory
673 $self->_dbi_connect_info(\@args);
675 # extract the individual storage options
676 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
677 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
679 $self->$storage_opt($value);
682 # Extract the individual sqlmaker options
684 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
685 # the new set of options
686 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
687 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
689 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
690 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
692 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
696 # save attributes in a separate accessor so they are always
697 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
698 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
700 return $self->_connect_info;
703 sub _dbi_connect_info {
706 return $self->{_dbi_connect_info} = $_[0]
709 my $conninfo = $self->{_dbi_connect_info} || [];
711 # last ditch effort to grab a DSN
712 if ( ! defined $conninfo->[0] and $ENV{DBI_DSN} ) {
713 my @new_conninfo = @$conninfo;
714 $new_conninfo[0] = $ENV{DBI_DSN};
715 $conninfo = \@new_conninfo;
722 sub _normalize_connect_info {
723 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
726 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
728 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
731 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
732 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
735 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
736 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
738 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
741 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
744 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
745 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
747 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
752 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
755 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
757 % { $args[3] || {} },
758 % { $args[4] || {} },
760 @args = @args[0,1,2];
763 $info{arguments} = \@args;
765 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
766 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
768 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
769 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
771 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
772 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep quote_names/;
774 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
775 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
777 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
782 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes () {
787 ShowErrorStatement => 1,
793 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
797 =head2 on_disconnect_do
799 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
803 sub _parse_connect_do {
804 my ($self, $type) = @_;
806 my $val = $self->$type;
807 return () if not defined $val;
812 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
813 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
815 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
816 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
818 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
826 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
828 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
829 connection management.
831 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
832 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
833 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
835 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
836 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
838 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
839 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
840 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
844 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
846 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
847 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
848 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
857 my $run_target = shift; # either a coderef or a method name
859 # short circuit when we know there is no need for a runner
861 # FIXME - assumption may be wrong
862 # the rationale for the txn_depth check is that if this block is a part
863 # of a larger transaction, everything up to that point is screwed anyway
864 return $self->$run_target($self->_get_dbh, @_)
865 if $self->{_in_do_block} or $self->transaction_depth;
867 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve @_ aliasing
868 # semantics within the coderef, but only if needed
869 # (pseudoforking doesn't like this trick much)
870 my $args = @_ ? \@_ : [];
872 DBIx::Class::Storage::BlockRunner->new(
875 retry_handler => sub {
876 $_[0]->failed_attempt_count == 1
878 ! $_[0]->storage->connected
881 $self->$run_target ($self->_get_dbh, @$args )
886 $_[0]->_get_dbh; # connects or reconnects on pid change, necessary to grab correct txn_depth
887 shift->next::method(@_);
892 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
893 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
900 # this physical disconnect below might very well throw
901 # in order to unambiguously reset the state - do the cleanup in guard
903 my $g = scope_guard {
905 defined( $self->_dbh )
906 and dbic_internal_try { $self->_dbh->disconnect };
909 $self->_dbh_details({});
910 $self->transaction_depth(undef);
911 $self->_dbh_autocommit(undef);
912 $self->savepoints([]);
914 # FIXME - this needs reenabling with the proper "no reset on same DSN" check
915 #$self->_sql_maker(undef); # this may also end up being different
920 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for (
921 ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () ),
922 $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do')
925 # stops the "implicit rollback on disconnect" warning
926 $self->_exec_txn_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
929 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
930 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
931 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
935 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
939 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
941 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
945 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
946 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
950 # Storage subclasses should override this
951 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
952 #my ($self, $sub) = @_;
960 =item Arguments: none
962 =item Return Value: 1|0
966 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
967 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
968 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
973 return 0 unless $_[0]->_seems_connected;
976 local $_[0]->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
981 sub _seems_connected {
982 $_[0]->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
986 $_[0]->_dbh->FETCH('Active')
990 # explicitly reset all state
996 ($_[0]->_dbh || return 0)->ping;
999 sub ensure_connected {
1000 $_[0]->connected || ( $_[0]->_populate_dbh && 1 );
1005 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
1006 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
1007 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
1008 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
1014 # maybe save a ping call
1016 ? ( $_[0]->ensure_connected and $_[0]->_dbh )
1017 : $_[0]->_populate_dbh
1021 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
1023 $_[0]->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1024 $_[0]->_dbh || $_[0]->_populate_dbh;
1027 # *DELIBERATELY* not a setter (for the time being)
1028 # Too intertwined with everything else for any kind of sanity
1032 $self->throw_exception('sql_maker() is not a setter method') if @_;
1034 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
1035 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
1037 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
1039 $opts{limit_dialect}
1041 $self->sql_limit_dialect
1044 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1046 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
1047 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
1048 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
1049 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow. '
1050 . "Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'"
1051 ) if $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0];
1057 my ($quote_char, $name_sep);
1059 if ($opts{quote_names}) {
1060 $quote_char = (delete $opts{quote_char}) || $self->sql_quote_char || do {
1061 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1063 "You requested 'quote_names' but your storage class ($s_class) does "
1064 . 'not explicitly define a default sql_quote_char and you have not '
1065 . 'supplied a quote_char as part of your connection_info. DBIC will '
1066 .q{default to the ANSI SQL standard quote '"', which works most of }
1067 . "the time. Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'."
1073 $name_sep = (delete $opts{name_sep}) || $self->sql_name_sep;
1076 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
1077 bindtype=>'columns',
1078 array_datatypes => 1,
1079 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1080 ($quote_char ? (quote_char => $quote_char) : ()),
1081 name_sep => ($name_sep || '.'),
1085 return $self->_sql_maker;
1088 # nothing to do by default
1094 # reset internal states
1095 # also in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1098 $_[0]->_dbh($_[0]->_connect);
1100 $_[0]->_conn_pid($$) unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK; # on win32 these are in fact threads
1102 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
1104 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1105 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1106 $_[0]->transaction_depth( $_[0]->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1 );
1108 $_[0]->_run_connection_actions unless $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver};
1113 sub _run_connection_actions {
1115 $_[0]->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for (
1116 ( $_[0]->on_connect_call || () ),
1117 $_[0]->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do'),
1123 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1124 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1127 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1128 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1130 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1133 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1137 sub set_dbms_capability {
1138 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1141 sub get_dbms_capability {
1142 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1144 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1146 unless (defined $cap) {
1147 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1148 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1154 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1163 # FIXME - ideally this needs to be an ||= assignment, and the final
1164 # assignment at the end of this do{} should be gone entirely. However
1165 # this confuses CXSA: https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=103296
1166 $self->_dbh_details->{info} || do {
1168 # this guarantees that problematic conninfo won't be hidden
1169 # by the try{} below
1170 $self->ensure_connected;
1174 my $server_version = dbic_internal_try {
1175 $self->_get_server_version
1176 } dbic_internal_catch {
1177 # driver determination *may* use this codepath
1178 # in which case we must rethrow
1179 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1181 # $server_version on failure
1185 if (defined $server_version) {
1186 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1188 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1189 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1195 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1197 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1198 my $p = shift @verparts;
1200 push @use_parts, $p;
1202 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1204 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1208 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1212 sub _get_server_version {
1213 shift->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_VER');
1217 my ($self, $info) = @_;
1219 if ($info =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1220 require DBI::Const::GetInfoType;
1221 $info = $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$info};
1222 $self->throw_exception("Info type '$_[1]' not provided by DBI::Const::GetInfoType")
1223 unless defined $info;
1226 $self->_get_dbh->get_info($info);
1229 sub _describe_connection {
1230 require DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn;
1236 $drv = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1237 $self->ensure_connected;
1240 $drv = "DBD::$drv" if $drv;
1243 DBIC_DSN => $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0],
1244 DBI_VER => DBI->VERSION,
1245 DBIC_VER => DBIx::Class->VERSION,
1246 DBIC_DRIVER => ref $self,
1249 DBD_VER => dbic_internal_try { $drv->VERSION },
1253 # try to grab data even if we never managed to connect
1254 # will cover us in cases of an oddly broken half-connect
1256 #keys %DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType,
1258 SQL_CURSOR_COMMIT_BEHAVIOR
1259 SQL_CURSOR_ROLLBACK_BEHAVIOR
1260 SQL_CURSOR_SENSITIVITY
1261 SQL_DATA_SOURCE_NAME
1264 SQL_DEFAULT_TXN_ISOLATION
1269 SQL_EXPRESSIONS_IN_ORDERBY
1272 SQL_IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CHAR
1273 SQL_MAX_CATALOG_NAME_LEN
1274 SQL_MAX_COLUMN_NAME_LEN
1275 SQL_MAX_IDENTIFIER_LEN
1276 SQL_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN
1277 SQL_MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_TXN
1278 SQL_MULT_RESULT_SETS
1279 SQL_NEED_LONG_DATA_LEN
1280 SQL_NON_NULLABLE_COLUMNS
1282 SQL_QUALIFIER_NAME_SEPARATOR
1283 SQL_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_CASE
1285 SQL_TXN_ISOLATION_OPTION
1288 # some drivers barf on things they do not know about instead
1289 # of returning undef
1290 my $v = dbic_internal_try { $self->_dbh_get_info($inf) };
1291 next unless defined $v;
1293 #my $key = sprintf( '%s(%s)', $inf, $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$inf} );
1294 my $expl = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Explain($inf, $v);
1295 $res->{$inf} = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Format($inf, $v) . ( $expl ? " ($expl)" : '' );
1301 sub _determine_driver {
1304 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1305 my $started_connected = 0;
1307 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1
1308 unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1310 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1312 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1313 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1314 $started_connected = 1;
1317 $driver = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1321 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1322 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1325 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3') if
1327 ${"${storage_class}::__INITIAL_MRO_UPON_DBIC_LOAD__"}
1328 ||= mro::get_mro($storage_class)
1334 bless $self, $storage_class;
1338 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1339 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1340 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$driver')."
1345 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1346 'Unable to extract a driver name from connect info - this '
1347 . 'should not have happened.'
1352 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1354 Class::C3->reinitialize() if DBIx::Class::_ENV_::OLD_MRO;
1356 if ($self->can('source_bind_attributes')) {
1357 $self->throw_exception(
1358 "Your storage subclass @{[ ref $self ]} provides (or inherits) the method "
1359 . 'source_bind_attributes() for which support has been removed as of Jan 2013. '
1360 . 'If you are not sure how to proceed please contact the development team via '
1361 . DBIx::Class::_ENV_::HELP_URL
1365 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1367 $self->_run_connection_actions
1368 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1372 sub _extract_driver_from_connect_info {
1377 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1379 ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
1381 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1383 $self->_populate_dbh;
1384 $drv = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1387 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1388 # force a connection later in _rebless to determine version
1389 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1391 # Use the same regex as the one used by DBI itself (even if the use of
1392 # \w is odd given unicode):
1393 # https://metacpan.org/source/TIMB/DBI-1.634/DBI.pm#L621
1395 # DO NOT use https://metacpan.org/source/TIMB/DBI-1.634/DBI.pm#L559-566
1396 # as there is a long-standing precedent of not loading DBI.pm until the
1397 # very moment we are actually connecting
1399 ($drv) = ($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || '') =~ /^dbi:(\w*)/i;
1400 $drv ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1406 sub _determine_connector_driver {
1407 my ($self, $conn) = @_;
1409 my $dbtype = $self->_get_rdbms_name;
1412 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1413 'Unable to retrieve RDBMS type (SQL_DBMS_NAME) of the engine behind your '
1414 . "$conn connector - this should not have happened."
1419 $dbtype =~ s/\W/_/gi;
1421 my $subclass = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${conn}::${dbtype}";
1422 return if $self->isa($subclass);
1424 if ($self->load_optional_class($subclass)) {
1425 bless $self, $subclass;
1429 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1430 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1431 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$conn/$dbtype')."
1436 sub _get_rdbms_name { shift->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_NAME') }
1438 sub _warn_undetermined_driver {
1439 my ($self, $msg) = @_;
1441 carp_once ($msg . ' While we will attempt to continue anyway, the results '
1442 . 'are likely to be underwhelming. Please upgrade DBIC, and if this message '
1443 . "does not go away, file a bugreport including the following info:\n"
1444 . dump_value $self->_describe_connection
1448 sub _do_connection_actions {
1449 my ($self, $method_prefix, $call, @args) = @_;
1452 if (not ref($call)) {
1453 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1454 $self->$method(@args);
1456 elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1457 $self->$call(@args);
1459 elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1460 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1461 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1464 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1468 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1471 dbic_internal_catch {
1472 if ( $method_prefix =~ /^connect/ ) {
1473 # this is an on_connect cycle - we can't just throw while leaving
1474 # a handle in an undefined state in our storage object
1475 # kill it with fire and rethrow
1477 $self->disconnect; # the $dbh is gone, but we still need to reset the rest
1478 $self->throw_exception( $_[0] );
1481 carp "Disconnect action failed: $_[0]";
1488 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1490 $self->_do_query(@_);
1493 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1495 $self->_do_query(@_);
1498 =head2 connect_call_datetime_setup
1500 A no-op stub method, provided so that one can always safely supply the
1501 L<connection option|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
1503 on_connect_call => 'datetime_setup'
1505 This way one does not need to know in advance whether the underlying
1506 storage requires any sort of hand-holding when dealing with calendar
1511 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1514 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1516 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1517 $action = $action->($self);
1518 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1521 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1522 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1523 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1524 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1525 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1526 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1527 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1528 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1531 $_[0]->_query_start($sql, \@bind);
1532 $_[1]->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1533 $_[0]->_query_end($sql, \@bind);
1543 my $info = $self->_dbi_connect_info;
1545 $self->throw_exception("You did not provide any connection_info")
1546 unless defined $info->[0];
1548 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1550 local $DBI::connect_via = 'connect' if $INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL};
1552 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1553 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1556 # in addition the coderef itself can't reside inside the try{} block below
1557 # as it somehow triggers a leak under perl -d
1558 my $dbh_error_handler_installer = sub {
1559 weaken (my $weak_self = $_[0]);
1561 # the coderef is blessed so we can distinguish it from externally
1562 # supplied handles (which must be preserved)
1563 $_[1]->{HandleError} = bless sub {
1565 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1568 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1570 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1572 }, '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1576 if(ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1577 $dbh = $info->[0]->();
1581 $dbh = DBI->connect(@$info);
1584 die $DBI::errstr unless $dbh;
1586 die sprintf ("%s fresh DBI handle with a *false* 'Active' attribute. "
1587 . 'This handle is disconnected as far as DBIC is concerned, and we can '
1589 ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1590 ? "Connection coderef $info->[0] returned a"
1591 : 'DBI->connect($schema->storage->connect_info) resulted in a'
1592 ) unless $dbh->FETCH('Active');
1594 # sanity checks unless asked otherwise
1595 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1597 $self->throw_exception(
1598 'Refusing clobbering of {HandleError} installed on externally supplied '
1599 ."DBI handle $dbh. Either remove the handler or use the 'unsafe' attribute."
1600 ) if $dbh->{HandleError} and ref $dbh->{HandleError} ne '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1602 # Default via _default_dbi_connect_attributes is 1, hence it was an explicit
1603 # request, or an external handle. Complain and set anyway
1604 unless ($dbh->{RaiseError}) {
1605 carp( ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1607 ? "The 'RaiseError' of the externally supplied DBI handle is set to false. "
1608 ."DBIx::Class will toggle it back to true, unless the 'unsafe' connect "
1609 .'attribute has been supplied'
1611 : 'RaiseError => 0 supplied in your connection_info, without an explicit '
1612 .'unsafe => 1. Toggling RaiseError back to true'
1615 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1618 $dbh_error_handler_installer->($self, $dbh);
1621 dbic_internal_catch {
1622 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1625 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1630 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1631 # (e.g. coderef $dbh), need a full-fledged connection check
1632 if (! defined $_[0]->_dbh_autocommit) {
1633 $_[0]->ensure_connected;
1635 # Otherwise simply connect or re-connect on pid changes
1640 shift->next::method(@_);
1643 sub _exec_txn_begin {
1646 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1647 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1648 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1649 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1650 # then retried on reconnect)
1651 if ($self->{_in_do_block}) {
1652 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1654 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1661 $self->throw_exception("Unable to txn_commit() on a disconnected storage")
1662 unless $self->_seems_connected;
1664 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1665 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1666 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1667 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting COMMIT anyway";
1668 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1671 $self->next::method(@_);
1673 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1674 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1675 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1676 !$self->transaction_depth
1678 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1680 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1684 sub _exec_txn_commit {
1685 shift->_dbh->commit;
1691 # do a minimal connectivity check due to weird shit like
1692 # https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=62370
1693 $self->throw_exception("lost connection to storage")
1694 unless $self->_seems_connected;
1696 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1697 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1698 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1699 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting ROLLBACK anyway";
1700 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1703 $self->next::method(@_);
1705 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1706 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1707 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1708 !$self->transaction_depth
1710 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1712 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1716 sub _exec_txn_rollback {
1717 shift->_dbh->rollback;
1720 # generate the DBI-specific stubs, which then fallback to ::Storage proper
1721 quote_sub __PACKAGE__ . "::$_" => sprintf (<<'EOS', $_) for qw(svp_begin svp_release svp_rollback);
1722 $_[0]->throw_exception('Unable to %s() on a disconnected storage')
1723 unless $_[0]->_seems_connected;
1724 shift->next::method(@_);
1727 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1728 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1729 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1730 sub _prep_for_execute {
1731 #my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1732 return shift->_gen_sql_bind(@_)
1736 my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1738 my ($colinfos, $from);
1739 if ( blessed($ident) ) {
1740 $from = $ident->from;
1741 $colinfos = $ident->columns_info;
1745 ($sql, @$bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op( ($from || $ident), @$args );
1747 $bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
1748 $ident, [ @{$args->[2]{bind}||[]}, @$bind ], $colinfos
1752 ! $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK}
1757 defined blessed($_->[1])
1759 $_->[1]->isa('DateTime')
1762 carp_unique 'DateTime objects passed to search() are not supported '
1763 . 'properly (InflateColumn::DateTime formats and settings are not '
1764 . 'respected.) See ".. format a DateTime object for searching?" in '
1765 . 'DBIx::Class::Manual::FAQ. To disable this warning for good '
1766 . 'set $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK} to true'
1769 return( $sql, $bind );
1772 sub _resolve_bindattrs {
1773 my ($self, $ident, $bind, $colinfos) = @_;
1775 my $resolve_bindinfo = sub {
1776 #my $infohash = shift;
1778 $colinfos ||= { %{ $self->_resolve_column_info($ident) } };
1781 if (my $col = $_[0]->{dbic_colname}) {
1782 $ret = { %{$_[0]} };
1784 $ret->{sqlt_datatype} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{data_type}
1785 if $colinfos->{$col}{data_type};
1787 $ret->{sqlt_size} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{size}
1788 if $colinfos->{$col}{size};
1795 ( ref $_ ne 'ARRAY' or @$_ != 2 ) ? [ {}, $_ ]
1796 : ( ! defined $_->[0] ) ? [ {}, $_->[1] ]
1797 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'HASH') ? [(
1800 exists $_->[0]{dbd_attrs}
1802 $_->[0]{sqlt_datatype}
1804 : $resolve_bindinfo->($_->[0])
1807 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'SCALAR') ? [ { sqlt_datatype => ${$_->[0]} }, $_->[1] ]
1808 : [ $resolve_bindinfo->(
1809 { dbic_colname => $_->[0] }
1814 sub _format_for_trace {
1815 #my ($self, $bind) = @_;
1817 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1818 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ \%attrs, 3 ] )
1820 ### ( "'1'", "'3'" )
1823 defined( $_ && $_->[1] )
1824 ? sprintf( "'%s'", "$_->[1]" ) # because overload
1830 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1832 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1837 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1839 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1843 sub _dbi_attrs_for_bind {
1844 #my ($self, $ident, $bind) = @_;
1848 exists $_->{dbd_attrs} ? $_->{dbd_attrs}
1850 : ! $_->{sqlt_datatype} ? undef
1854 # cache the result in the dbh_details hash, as it (usually) can not change
1855 # unless we connect to something else
1856 # FIXME: for the time being Oracle is an exception, pending a rewrite of
1858 my $cache = $_[0]->_dbh_details->{_datatype_map_cache} ||= {};
1860 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}} = $_[0]->bind_attribute_by_data_type($_->{sqlt_datatype})
1861 if ! exists $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}};
1863 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}};
1865 } } map { $_->[0] } @{$_[2]} ];
1869 my ($self, $op, $ident, @args) = @_;
1871 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $ident, \@args);
1873 # not even a PID check - we do not care about the state of the _dbh.
1874 # All we need is to get the appropriate drivers loaded if they aren't
1875 # already so that the assumption in ad7c50fc26e holds
1876 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
1878 $self->dbh_do( _dbh_execute => # retry over disconnects
1881 $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($ident, $bind),
1886 my ($self, $dbh, $sql, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1888 $self->_query_start( $sql, $bind );
1890 my $sth = $self->_bind_sth_params(
1891 $self->_prepare_sth($dbh, $sql),
1896 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1897 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1898 $self->throw_exception(
1899 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1902 $self->_query_end( $sql, $bind );
1904 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1908 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1910 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1911 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1912 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1913 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1915 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1916 # but apparently that's not true :(
1917 $self->throw_exception(
1920 sprintf( "\$dbh->prepare() of '%s' through %s failed *silently* without "
1921 .'an exception and/or setting $dbh->errstr',
1923 ? substr($sql, 0, 20) . '...'
1926 'DBD::' . $dbh->{Driver}{Name},
1933 sub _bind_sth_params {
1934 my ($self, $sth, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1936 for my $i (0 .. $#$bind) {
1937 if (ref $bind->[$i][1] eq 'SCALAR') { # any scalarrefs are assumed to be bind_inouts
1938 $sth->bind_param_inout(
1939 $i + 1, # bind params counts are 1-based
1941 $bind->[$i][0]{dbd_size} || $self->_max_column_bytesize($bind->[$i][0]), # size
1946 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - DBI needs fixing to always stringify regardless of DBD
1947 my $v = ( length ref $bind->[$i][1] and is_plain_value $bind->[$i][1] )
1954 # The temp-var is CRUCIAL - DO NOT REMOVE IT, breaks older DBD::SQLite RT#79576
1964 sub _prefetch_autovalues {
1965 my ($self, $source, $colinfo, $to_insert) = @_;
1968 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
1970 $colinfo->{$col}{auto_nextval}
1973 ! exists $to_insert->{$col}
1975 is_literal_value($to_insert->{$col})
1978 $values{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1980 ( $colinfo->{$col}{sequence} ||=
1981 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1991 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1993 my $col_infos = $source->columns_info;
1995 my $prefetched_values = $self->_prefetch_autovalues($source, $col_infos, $to_insert);
1997 # fuse the values, but keep a separate list of prefetched_values so that
1998 # they can be fused once again with the final return
1999 $to_insert = { %$to_insert, %$prefetched_values };
2001 my %pcols = map { $_ => 1 } $source->primary_columns;
2003 my (%retrieve_cols, $autoinc_supplied, $retrieve_autoinc_col);
2005 for my $col ($source->columns) {
2007 # first autoinc wins - this is why ->columns() in-order iteration is important
2009 # FIXME - there ought to be a sanity-check for multiple is_auto_increment settings
2012 if ($col_infos->{$col}{is_auto_increment}) {
2014 # FIXME - we seem to assume undef values as non-supplied.
2016 # Investigate what does it take to s/defined/exists/
2017 # ( fails t/cdbi/copy.t amoong other things )
2018 $autoinc_supplied ||= 1 if defined $to_insert->{$col};
2020 $retrieve_autoinc_col ||= $col unless $autoinc_supplied;
2023 # nothing to retrieve when explicit values are supplied
2025 # FIXME - we seem to assume undef values as non-supplied.
2027 # Investigate what does it take to s/defined/exists/
2028 # ( fails t/cdbi/copy.t amoong other things )
2029 defined $to_insert->{$col}
2032 # not a ref - cheaper to check before a call to is_literal_value()
2033 ! length ref $to_insert->{$col}
2035 # not a literal we *MAY* need to pull out ( see check below )
2036 ! is_literal_value( $to_insert->{$col} )
2040 # the 'scalar keys' is a trick to preserve the ->columns declaration order
2041 $retrieve_cols{$col} = scalar keys %retrieve_cols if (
2044 $col_infos->{$col}{retrieve_on_insert}
2048 # corner case of a non-supplied PK which is *not* declared as autoinc
2052 ! defined $retrieve_autoinc_col
2054 # FIXME - first come-first serve, suboptimal...
2055 ($retrieve_autoinc_col) = ( grep
2059 ! $col_infos->{$_}{retrieve_on_insert}
2061 ! defined $col_infos->{$_}{is_auto_increment}
2064 { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} }
2069 "Missing value for primary key column '$retrieve_autoinc_col' on "
2070 . "@{[ $source->source_name ]} - perhaps you forgot to set its "
2071 . "'is_auto_increment' attribute during add_columns()? Treating "
2072 . "'$retrieve_autoinc_col' implicitly as an autoinc, and attempting "
2077 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} = $autoinc_supplied;
2078 local $self->{_perform_autoinc_retrieval} = $retrieve_autoinc_col;
2080 my ($sqla_opts, @ir_container);
2081 if (%retrieve_cols and $self->_use_insert_returning) {
2082 $sqla_opts->{returning_container} = \@ir_container
2083 if $self->_use_insert_returning_bound;
2085 $sqla_opts->{returning} = [
2086 sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols
2090 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert', $source, $to_insert, $sqla_opts);
2092 my %returned_cols = %$to_insert;
2093 if (my $retlist = $sqla_opts->{returning}) { # if IR is supported - we will get everything in one set
2095 unless( @ir_container ) {
2098 # FIXME - need to investigate why Caelum silenced this in 4d4dc518
2099 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
2101 @ir_container = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2104 } dbic_internal_catch {
2105 # Evict the $sth from the cache in case we got here, since the finish()
2106 # is crucial, at least on older Firebirds, possibly on other engines too
2108 # It would be too complex to make this a proper subclass override,
2109 # and besides we already take the try{} penalty, adding a catch that
2110 # triggers infrequently is a no-brainer
2112 if( my $kids = $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} ) {
2113 $kids->{$_} == $sth and delete $kids->{$_}
2119 @returned_cols{@$retlist} = @ir_container if @ir_container;
2122 # pull in PK if needed and then everything else
2123 if (my @missing_pri = grep { $pcols{$_} } keys %retrieve_cols) {
2125 $self->throw_exception( "Missing primary key but Storage doesn't support last_insert_id" )
2126 unless $self->can('last_insert_id');
2128 my @pri_values = $self->last_insert_id($source, @missing_pri);
2130 $self->throw_exception( "Can't get last insert id" )
2131 unless (@pri_values == @missing_pri);
2133 @returned_cols{@missing_pri} = @pri_values;
2134 delete @retrieve_cols{@missing_pri};
2137 # if there is more left to pull
2138 if (%retrieve_cols) {
2139 $self->throw_exception(
2140 'Unable to retrieve additional columns without a Primary Key on ' . $source->source_name
2143 my @left_to_fetch = sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols;
2145 my $cur = DBIx::Class::ResultSet->new($source, {
2146 where => { map { $_ => $returned_cols{$_} } (keys %pcols) },
2147 select => \@left_to_fetch,
2150 @returned_cols{@left_to_fetch} = $cur->next;
2152 $self->throw_exception('Duplicate row returned for PK-search after fresh insert')
2153 if scalar $cur->next;
2157 return { %$prefetched_values, %returned_cols };
2162 'insert_bulk() should have never been exposed as a public method and '
2163 . 'calling it is depecated as of Aug 2014. If you believe having a genuine '
2164 . 'use for this method please contact the development team via '
2165 . DBIx::Class::_ENV_::HELP_URL
2168 return '0E0' unless @{$_[3]||[]};
2170 shift->_insert_bulk(@_);
2174 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
2176 $self->throw_exception('Calling _insert_bulk without a dataset to process makes no sense')
2177 unless @{$data||[]};
2179 my $colinfos = $source->columns_info($cols);
2181 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} =
2182 (grep { $_->{is_auto_increment} } values %$colinfos)
2187 # get a slice type index based on first row of data
2188 # a "column" in this context may refer to more than one bind value
2189 # e.g. \[ '?, ?', [...], [...] ]
2191 # construct the value type index - a description of values types for every
2192 # per-column slice of $data:
2194 # nonexistent - nonbind literal
2196 # [] of bindattrs - resolved attribute(s) of bind(s) passed via literal+bind \[] combo
2198 # also construct the column hash to pass to the SQL generator. For plain
2199 # (non literal) values - convert the members of the first row into a
2200 # literal+bind combo, with extra positional info in the bind attr hashref.
2201 # This will allow us to match the order properly, and is so contrived
2202 # because a user-supplied literal/bind (or something else specific to a
2203 # resultsource and/or storage driver) can inject extra binds along the
2204 # way, so one can't rely on "shift positions" ordering at all. Also we
2205 # can't just hand SQLA a set of some known "values" (e.g. hashrefs that
2206 # can be later matched up by address), because we want to supply a real
2207 # value on which perhaps e.g. datatype checks will be performed
2208 my ($proto_data, $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx);
2209 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
2210 my $colname = $cols->[$col_idx];
2211 if (ref $data->[0][$col_idx] eq 'SCALAR') {
2212 # no bind value at all - no type
2214 $proto_data->{$colname} = $data->[0][$col_idx];
2216 elsif (ref $data->[0][$col_idx] eq 'REF' and ref ${$data->[0][$col_idx]} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
2217 # repack, so we don't end up mangling the original \[]
2218 my ($sql, @bind) = @${$data->[0][$col_idx]};
2220 # normalization of user supplied stuff
2221 my $resolved_bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2222 $source, \@bind, $colinfos,
2225 # store value-less (attrs only) bind info - we will be comparing all
2226 # supplied binds against this for sanity
2227 $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} = serialize [ map { $_->[0] } @$resolved_bind ];
2229 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ $sql, map { [
2230 # inject slice order to use for $proto_bind construction
2231 { %{$resolved_bind->[$_][0]}, _bind_data_slice_idx => $col_idx, _literal_bind_subindex => $_+1 }
2233 $resolved_bind->[$_][1]
2238 $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} = undef;
2240 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ '?', [
2241 { dbic_colname => $colname, _bind_data_slice_idx => $col_idx }
2243 $data->[0][$col_idx]
2248 my ($sql, $proto_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
2254 if (! @$proto_bind and keys %$serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx) {
2255 # if the bindlist is empty and we had some dynamic binds, this means the
2256 # storage ate them away (e.g. the NoBindVars component) and interpolated
2257 # them directly into the SQL. This obviously can't be good for multi-inserts
2258 $self->throw_exception('Unable to invoke fast-path insert without storage placeholder support');
2262 # FIXME - devise a flag "no babysitting" or somesuch to shut this off
2264 # use an error reporting closure for convenience (less to pass)
2265 my $bad_slice_report_cref = sub {
2266 my ($msg, $r_idx, $c_idx) = @_;
2267 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
2271 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 5;
2273 map { $cols->[$_] =>
2281 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
2282 my $reference_val = $data->[0][$col_idx];
2284 for my $row_idx (1..$#$data) { # we are comparing against what we got from [0] above, hence start from 1
2285 my $val = $data->[$row_idx][$col_idx];
2287 if (! exists $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx}) { # literal no binds
2288 if (ref $val ne 'SCALAR') {
2289 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2290 "Incorrect value (expecting SCALAR-ref \\'$$reference_val')",
2295 elsif ($$val ne $$reference_val) {
2296 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2297 "Inconsistent literal SQL value (expecting \\'$$reference_val')",
2303 elsif (! defined $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} ) { # regular non-literal value
2304 if (is_literal_value($val)) {
2305 $bad_slice_report_cref->("Literal SQL found where a plain bind value is expected", $row_idx, $col_idx);
2308 else { # binds from a \[], compare type and attrs
2309 if (ref $val ne 'REF' or ref $$val ne 'ARRAY') {
2310 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2311 "Incorrect value (expecting ARRAYREF-ref \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2316 # start drilling down and bail out early on identical refs
2318 $reference_val != $val
2320 $$reference_val != $$val
2322 if (${$val}->[0] ne ${$reference_val}->[0]) {
2323 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2324 "Inconsistent literal/bind SQL (expecting \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2329 # need to check the bind attrs - a bind will happen only once for
2330 # the entire dataset, so any changes further down will be ignored.
2332 $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx}
2337 @{$self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2338 $source, [ @{$$val}[1 .. $#$$val] ], $colinfos,
2342 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2343 'Differing bind attributes on literal/bind values not supported',
2353 # neither _dbh_execute_for_fetch, nor _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds
2354 # are atomic (even if execute_for_fetch is a single call). Thus a safety
2356 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
2358 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[ {} => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2359 my $sth = $self->_prepare_sth($self->_dbh, $sql);
2362 # proto bind contains the information on which pieces of $data to pull
2363 # $cols is passed in only for prettier error-reporting
2364 $self->_dbh_execute_for_fetch( $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data );
2367 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
2368 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
2372 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[ {} => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2376 return wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$proto_bind) : $rv;
2379 # execute_for_fetch is capable of returning data just fine (it means it
2380 # can be used for INSERT...RETURNING and UPDATE...RETURNING. Since this
2381 # is the void-populate fast-path we will just ignore this altogether
2382 # for the time being.
2383 sub _dbh_execute_for_fetch {
2384 my ($self, $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data) = @_;
2386 # If we have any bind attributes to take care of, we will bind the
2387 # proto-bind data (which will never be used by execute_for_fetch)
2388 # However since column bindtypes are "sticky", this is sufficient
2389 # to get the DBD to apply the bindtype to all values later on
2390 my $bind_attrs = $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($source, $proto_bind);
2392 for my $i (0 .. $#$proto_bind) {
2394 $i+1, # DBI bind indexes are 1-based
2395 $proto_bind->[$i][1],
2397 ) if defined $bind_attrs->[$i];
2400 # At this point $data slots named in the _bind_data_slice_idx of
2401 # each piece of $proto_bind are either \[]s or plain values to be
2402 # passed in. Construct the dispensing coderef. *NOTE* the order
2403 # of $data will differ from this of the ?s in the SQL (due to
2404 # alphabetical ordering by colname). We actually do want to
2405 # preserve this behavior so that prepare_cached has a better
2406 # chance of matching on unrelated calls
2408 my $fetch_row_idx = -1; # saner loop this way
2409 my $fetch_tuple = sub {
2410 return undef if ++$fetch_row_idx > $#$data;
2413 my $v = ! defined $_->{_literal_bind_subindex}
2415 ? $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]
2417 # There are no attributes to resolve here - we already did everything
2418 # when we constructed proto_bind. However we still want to sanity-check
2419 # what the user supplied, so pass stuff through to the resolver *anyway*
2420 : $self->_resolve_bindattrs (
2421 undef, # a fake rsrc
2422 [ ${ $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]}->[ $_->{_literal_bind_subindex} ] ],
2423 {}, # a fake column_info bag
2427 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - DBI needs fixing to always stringify regardless of DBD
2428 # For the time being forcibly stringify whatever is stringifiable
2431 ( !length ref $v or ! ($vref = is_plain_value $v) ) ? $v
2432 : defined blessed( $$vref ) ? "$$vref"
2435 } map { $_->[0] } @$proto_bind ];
2438 my $tuple_status = [];
2441 $rv = $sth->execute_for_fetch(
2446 dbic_internal_catch {
2450 # Not all DBDs are create equal. Some throw on error, some return
2451 # an undef $rv, and some set $sth->err - try whatever we can
2452 $err = ($sth->errstr || 'UNKNOWN ERROR ($sth->errstr is unset)') if (
2455 ( !defined $rv or $sth->err )
2458 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
2462 dbic_internal_catch {
2463 $err = shift unless defined $err
2468 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
2470 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
2471 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
2473 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "execute_for_fetch() aborted with '%s' at populate slice:\n%s",
2474 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
2475 dump_value { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) },
2482 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
2483 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
2487 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2488 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2489 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2491 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
2493 dbic_internal_catch {
2497 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
2501 dbic_internal_catch {
2502 $err = shift unless defined $err;
2505 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
2511 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2512 shift->_execute('update', @_);
2517 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2518 shift->_execute('delete', @_);
2523 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
2526 sub _select_args_to_query {
2529 $self->throw_exception(
2530 "Unable to generate limited query representation with 'software_limit' enabled"
2531 ) if ($_[3]->{software_limit} and ($_[3]->{offset} or $_[3]->{rows}) );
2533 # my ($op, $ident, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
2534 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
2535 my ($op, $ident, @args) =
2536 $self->_select_args(@_);
2538 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
2539 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, \@args);
2541 # reuse the bind arrayref
2542 unshift @{$bind}, "($sql)";
2547 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $orig_attrs) = @_;
2549 # FIXME - that kind of caching would be nice to have
2550 # however currently we *may* pass the same $orig_attrs
2551 # with different ident/select/where
2552 # the whole interface needs to be rethought, since it
2553 # was centered around the flawed SQLA API. We can do
2554 # soooooo much better now. But that is also another
2557 # 'select', $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!}
2558 #) if $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!};
2560 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
2569 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2570 $attrs->{rows} ||= $sql_maker->__max_int
2571 if $attrs->{offset};
2573 # see if we will need to tear the prefetch apart to satisfy group_by == select
2574 # this is *extremely tricky* to get right, I am still not sure I did
2576 my ($prefetch_needs_subquery, @limit_args);
2578 if ( $attrs->{_grouped_by_distinct} and $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2579 # we already know there is a valid group_by (we made it) and we know it is
2580 # intended to be based *only* on non-multi stuff
2581 # short circuit the group_by parsing below
2582 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2585 # The rationale is that even if we do *not* have collapse, we still
2586 # need to wrap the core grouped select/group_by in a subquery
2587 # so that databases that care about group_by/select equivalence
2588 # are happy (this includes MySQL in strict_mode)
2589 # If any of the other joined tables are referenced in the group_by
2590 # however - the user is on their own
2591 ( $prefetch_needs_subquery or ! $attrs->{_simple_passthrough_construction} )
2595 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2597 my $grp_aliases = dbic_internal_try { # internal_try{} because $attrs->{from} may be unreadable
2598 $self->_resolve_aliastypes_from_select_args({ from => $attrs->{from}, group_by => $attrs->{group_by} })
2601 # no aliases other than our own in group_by
2602 # if there are - do not allow subquery even if limit is present
2603 $prefetch_needs_subquery = ! scalar grep { $_ ne $attrs->{alias} } keys %{ $grp_aliases->{grouping} || {} };
2605 elsif ( $attrs->{rows} && $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2606 # active collapse with a limit - that one is a no-brainer unless
2607 # overruled by a group_by above
2608 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2611 if ($prefetch_needs_subquery) {
2612 $attrs = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($attrs);
2614 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2616 $attrs->{rows} || (),
2617 $attrs->{offset} || (),
2621 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2623 ! $prefetch_needs_subquery # already pruned
2627 reftype $attrs->{from} eq 'ARRAY'
2629 @{$attrs->{from}} != 1
2631 ($attrs->{from}, $attrs->{_aliastypes}) = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($attrs);
2634 # FIXME this is a gross, inefficient, largely incorrect and fragile hack
2635 # during the result inflation stage we *need* to know what was the aliastype
2636 # map as sqla saw it when the final pieces of SQL were being assembled
2637 # Originally we simply carried around the entirety of $attrs, but this
2638 # resulted in resultsets that are being reused growing continuously, as
2639 # the hash in question grew deeper and deeper.
2640 # Instead hand-pick what to take with us here (we actually don't need much
2641 # at this point just the map itself)
2642 $orig_attrs->{_last_sqlmaker_alias_map} = $attrs->{_aliastypes};
2645 # my $alias2source = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
2647 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $attrs->{where}
2648 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2649 # expect a result object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2650 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2652 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2653 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2656 return ( 'select', @{$attrs}{qw(from select where)}, $attrs, @limit_args );
2659 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2660 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2661 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2662 # sense as a performance optimization
2664 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2665 return { count => '*' };
2672 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2676 Handle a SQL select statement.
2682 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2683 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2688 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2689 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2690 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2691 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2692 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2694 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2699 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2701 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2702 storage driver. Can be overridden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2703 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2704 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2708 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2709 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2713 if (! DBIx::Class::_ENV_::STRESSTEST_COLUMN_INFO_UNAWARE_STORAGE and $dbh->can('column_info')) {
2715 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2716 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2718 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2720 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2721 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2722 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2723 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2724 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2725 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2727 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2729 } dbic_internal_catch {
2733 return \%result if keys %result;
2736 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2739 ### The acrobatics with lc names is necessary to support both the legacy
2740 ### API that used NAME_lc exclusively, *AND* at the same time work properly
2741 ### with column names differing in cas eonly (thanks pg!)
2743 my ($columns, $seen_lcs);
2745 ++$seen_lcs->{lc($_)} and $columns->{$_} = {
2746 idx => scalar keys %$columns,
2749 } for @{$sth->{NAME}};
2751 $seen_lcs->{$_->{lc_name}} == 1
2753 $_->{name} = $_->{lc_name}
2754 for values %$columns;
2756 for ( values %$columns ) {
2758 data_type => $sth->{TYPE}->[$_->{idx}],
2759 size => $sth->{PRECISION}->[$_->{idx}],
2760 is_nullable => $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$_->{idx}] ? 1 : 0,
2763 if ($inf->{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2764 @{$inf}{qw( data_type size)} = ($1, $2);
2767 $result{$_->{name}} = $inf;
2772 if ($dbh->can('type_info')) {
2773 for my $inf (values %result) {
2774 next if ! defined $inf->{data_type};
2776 $inf->{data_type} = (
2779 $dbh->type_info( $inf->{data_type} )
2790 # FIXME - this may be an artifact of the DBD::Pg implmentation alone
2791 # needs more testing in the future...
2792 $inf->{size} -= 4 if (
2793 ( $inf->{size}||0 > 4 )
2795 $inf->{data_type} =~ qr/^text$/i
2804 sub columns_info_for {
2805 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2806 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2809 =head2 last_insert_id
2811 Return the row id of the last insert.
2815 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2816 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2818 my $id = dbic_internal_try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2820 return $id if defined $id;
2822 my $class = ref $self;
2823 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2826 sub last_insert_id {
2828 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2831 =head2 _native_data_type
2835 =item Arguments: $type_name
2839 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2840 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2841 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2843 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2844 you need this functionality.
2846 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2847 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2849 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2850 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2852 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2853 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2857 sub _native_data_type {
2858 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2862 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2863 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2865 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2867 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2868 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2869 ( dbic_internal_try {
2870 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2871 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2872 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2880 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2882 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2884 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2886 ( dbic_internal_try {
2887 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2888 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2889 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2890 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2900 Returns the database driver name.
2905 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2908 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2910 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2911 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2912 let the database planner just handle it.
2914 This method is always called after the driver has been determined and a DBI
2915 connection has been established. Therefore you can refer to C<DBI::$constant>
2916 and/or C<DBD::$driver::$constant> directly, without worrying about loading
2917 the correct modules.
2921 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2925 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2927 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2928 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2929 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2930 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2931 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2935 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2936 #my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2938 return 0 unless $_[1];
2941 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2946 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2950 =item Arguments: $schema, \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2954 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2955 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2956 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2958 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2959 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2960 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2961 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2963 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2964 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2965 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2966 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2968 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2969 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2970 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2971 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_identifiers>.
2973 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2977 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2979 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2981 =item directory - './'
2983 =item preversion - <none>
2987 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2989 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2991 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2992 hashref like the following
2994 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2997 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
3002 sub create_ddl_dir {
3003 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
3005 require DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
3006 if (my $missing = DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy')) {
3007 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without $missing");
3011 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
3015 mkdir_p( $dir ) unless -d $dir;
3018 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
3019 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
3021 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
3022 $version ||= $schema_version;
3025 add_drop_table => 1,
3026 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
3027 ignore_index_names => 1,
3028 quote_identifiers => $self->sql_maker->_quoting_enabled,
3032 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
3034 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
3035 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
3036 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
3038 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
3040 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
3041 $sqlt->producer($db);
3044 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
3045 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
3046 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
3047 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
3051 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
3053 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
3056 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
3057 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
3060 print $file $output;
3063 next unless ($preversion);
3065 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
3067 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
3068 if(!-e $prefilename) {
3069 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
3073 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
3075 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
3081 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
3086 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3088 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
3089 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3091 $source_schema = $t->schema;
3093 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
3094 unless ( $source_schema->name );
3097 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
3098 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
3099 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
3100 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
3102 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
3103 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
3108 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3110 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
3111 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3113 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
3115 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
3116 unless $dest_schema->name;
3120 # FIXME - this is a terrible workaround for
3121 # https://github.com/dbsrgits/sql-translator/commit/2d23c1e
3122 # Fixing it in this sloppy manner so that we don't hve to
3123 # lockstep an SQLT release as well. Needs to be removed at
3124 # some point, and SQLT dep bumped
3125 local $SQL::Translator::Producer::SQLite::NO_QUOTES
3126 if $SQL::Translator::Producer::SQLite::NO_QUOTES;
3128 SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
3134 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
3135 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
3143 =head2 deployment_statements
3147 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
3151 Returns the statements used by L<DBIx::Class::Storage/deploy>
3152 and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
3154 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
3155 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
3157 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
3158 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
3159 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
3161 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
3162 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
3164 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
3168 sub deployment_statements {
3169 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
3171 $self->throw_exception(
3172 'Calling deployment_statements() in void context makes no sense'
3173 ) unless defined wantarray;
3175 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
3176 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
3178 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
3181 # FIXME replace this block when a proper sane sql parser is available
3183 open($file, "<$filename")
3184 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
3187 return join('', @rows);
3190 require DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
3191 if (my $missing = DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') ) {
3192 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a pregenerated 'ddl_dir' directory or $missing");
3195 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicity allow at top level
3197 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
3198 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
3200 $sqltargs->{quote_identifiers} = $self->sql_maker->_quoting_enabled
3201 unless exists $sqltargs->{quote_identifiers};
3203 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
3204 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
3206 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
3210 return preserve_context {
3213 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
3214 unless defined $_[0];
3218 # FIXME deploy() currently does not accurately report sql errors
3219 # Will always return true while errors are warned
3221 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
3225 return if($line =~ /^--/);
3226 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
3227 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
3228 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
3229 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
3230 $self->_query_start($line);
3232 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
3233 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
3234 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
3235 } dbic_internal_catch {
3236 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
3238 $self->_query_end($line);
3240 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
3241 if (@statements > 1) {
3242 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
3243 $deploy->( $statement );
3246 elsif (@statements == 1) {
3247 # split on single line comments and end of statements
3248 foreach my $line ( split(/\s*--.*\n|;\n/, $statements[0])) {
3254 =head2 datetime_parser
3256 Returns the datetime parser class
3260 sub datetime_parser {
3262 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
3263 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
3267 =head2 datetime_parser_type
3269 Defines the datetime parser class - currently defaults to L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
3271 =head2 build_datetime_parser
3273 See L</datetime_parser>
3277 sub build_datetime_parser {
3279 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
3284 =head2 is_replicating
3286 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
3287 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
3288 returned by databases that don't support replication.
3292 sub is_replicating {
3297 =head2 lag_behind_master
3299 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
3300 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
3301 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
3305 sub lag_behind_master {
3309 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
3313 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
3315 =item Return Value: $alias
3319 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
3322 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
3323 way these aliases are named.
3325 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
3326 otherwise C<"$relname">.
3330 sub relname_to_table_alias {
3331 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
3333 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
3334 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
3339 # The size in bytes to use for DBI's ->bind_param_inout, this is the generic
3340 # version and it may be necessary to amend or override it for a specific storage
3341 # if such binds are necessary.
3342 sub _max_column_bytesize {
3343 my ($self, $attr) = @_;
3347 if ($attr->{sqlt_datatype}) {
3348 my $data_type = lc($attr->{sqlt_datatype});
3350 if ($attr->{sqlt_size}) {
3352 # String/sized-binary types
3353 if ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3354 l? (?:var)? char(?:acter)? (?:\s*varying)?
3356 (?:var)? binary (?:\s*varying)?
3361 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size};
3363 # Other charset/unicode types, assume scale of 4
3364 elsif ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3365 national \s* character (?:\s*varying)?
3374 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size} * 4;
3378 if (!$max_size and !$self->_is_lob_type($data_type)) {
3379 $max_size = 100 # for all other (numeric?) datatypes
3383 $max_size || $self->_dbic_connect_attributes->{LongReadLen} || $self->_get_dbh->{LongReadLen} || 8000;
3386 # Determine if a data_type is some type of BLOB
3388 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3389 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /lob|bfile|text|image|bytea|memo/i
3390 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary
3391 |varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3392 |national\s*character\s*varying))?\z/xi);
3395 sub _is_binary_lob_type {
3396 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3397 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /blob|bfile|image|bytea/i
3398 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary))?\z/xi);
3401 sub _is_text_lob_type {
3402 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3403 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /^(?:clob|memo)\z/i
3404 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3405 |national\s*character\s*varying))\z/xi);
3408 # Determine if a data_type is some type of a binary type
3409 sub _is_binary_type {
3410 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3411 $data_type && ($self->_is_binary_lob_type($data_type)
3412 || $data_type =~ /(?:var)?(?:binary|bit|graphic)(?:\s*varying)?/i);
3419 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
3421 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
3422 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
3423 (the default) combined with L<txn_do|DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_do> for
3424 transaction support.
3426 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
3427 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
3428 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
3429 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
3430 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
3431 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
3432 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
3435 =head1 FURTHER QUESTIONS?
3437 Check the list of L<additional DBIC resources|DBIx::Class/GETTING HELP/SUPPORT>.
3439 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
3441 This module is free software L<copyright|DBIx::Class/COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE>
3442 by the L<DBIx::Class (DBIC) authors|DBIx::Class/AUTHORS>. You can
3443 redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the
3444 L<DBIx::Class library|DBIx::Class/COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE>.