1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
16 use Data::Dumper::Concise();
21 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
22 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _conn_pid
23 _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit _driver_determined savepoints
27 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
28 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
29 my @storage_options = qw/
30 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
31 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
33 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
36 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
37 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
39 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
41 _supports_insert_returning
43 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks');
45 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
46 # in order to function reliably. This is a purely DRY optimization
47 my @rdbms_specific_methods = qw/
61 for my $meth (@rdbms_specific_methods) {
63 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
67 no warnings qw/redefine/;
68 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = Sub::Name::subname $meth => sub {
69 if (not $_[0]->_driver_determined) {
70 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
71 goto $_[0]->can($meth);
80 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
84 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
86 $schema->storage->debug(1);
88 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
90 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
91 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
96 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
97 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
102 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
103 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
104 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
111 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
113 $new->transaction_depth(0);
114 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
115 $new->{savepoints} = [];
116 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
117 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
124 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
125 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
127 The argument list may contain:
133 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
134 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
135 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
136 recognized by DBIx::Class:
138 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
142 A single code reference which returns a connected
143 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
144 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
147 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
151 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
154 $connect_info_args = [{
162 $connect_info_args = [{
163 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
168 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
169 following config (L<Config::General> style):
174 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
181 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
182 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
183 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
187 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
188 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
189 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
190 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
191 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
192 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
194 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
196 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
197 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
198 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
199 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
200 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
202 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
203 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
204 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
211 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
212 the database. Its value may contain:
218 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
220 =item an array reference
222 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
223 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
225 =item a code reference
227 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
228 array reference, its return value is ignored.
232 =item on_disconnect_do
234 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
235 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
237 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
240 =item on_connect_call
242 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
243 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
245 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
249 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
251 Its values may contain:
257 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
259 =item a code reference
261 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
263 =item an array reference
265 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
267 =item an array of arrays
269 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
270 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
274 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
280 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
281 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
289 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
293 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
294 attributes hashref and bind values.
296 =item a code reference
298 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
305 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
306 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
307 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
309 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
310 implementation details.
314 =item on_disconnect_call
316 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
317 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
319 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
320 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
322 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
325 =item disable_sth_caching
327 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
328 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
332 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
333 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
334 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
338 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
339 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
341 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
342 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
343 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
345 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
346 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
350 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
351 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
352 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
354 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
355 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
356 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
361 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
362 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
363 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
364 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
366 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
367 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
368 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
369 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
371 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
372 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
373 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
377 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
378 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
379 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
383 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
384 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
388 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
389 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
391 # Simple SQLite connection
392 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
395 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
397 # Connect via subref in hashref
399 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
400 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
403 # A bit more complicated
410 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
414 # Equivalent to the previous example
420 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
424 # Same, but with hashref as argument
425 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
428 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
430 password => 'my_pg_password',
437 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
440 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
444 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
445 disable_sth_caching => 1,
455 my ($self, $info) = @_;
457 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
459 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
461 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
462 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
464 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
465 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
467 $self->$storage_opt($value);
470 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
471 # the new set of options
472 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
473 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
475 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
476 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
478 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
482 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
483 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
486 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
488 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args,
489 %attrs && !(ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') ? \%attrs : ()]);
491 return $self->_connect_info;
494 sub _normalize_connect_info {
495 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
498 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
500 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
503 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
504 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
507 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
508 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
510 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
513 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
516 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
517 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
519 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
524 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
527 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
529 % { $args[3] || {} },
530 % { $args[4] || {} },
532 @args = @args[0,1,2];
535 $info{arguments} = \@args;
537 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
538 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
540 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
541 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
543 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
544 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/;
546 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
547 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
549 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
554 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes {
564 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
568 =head2 on_disconnect_do
570 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
574 sub _parse_connect_do {
575 my ($self, $type) = @_;
577 my $val = $self->$type;
578 return () if not defined $val;
583 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
584 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
586 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
587 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
589 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
597 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
599 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
600 connection management.
602 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
603 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
604 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
606 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
607 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
609 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
610 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
611 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
615 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
617 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
618 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
619 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
630 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
632 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
633 || $self->{transaction_depth};
635 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
638 my $want_array = wantarray;
643 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
645 elsif(defined $want_array) {
646 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
649 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
653 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
655 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
657 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
659 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
660 # exception fall right through this time
661 carp "Retrying $code after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
662 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
663 $self->_populate_dbh;
664 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
667 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
668 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
669 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
674 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
675 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
677 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
679 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
682 my $want_array = wantarray;
691 @result = $coderef->(@_);
693 elsif(defined $want_array) {
694 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
702 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
704 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
706 if($tried++ || $self->connected) {
707 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
708 my $rollback_exception = $@;
709 if($rollback_exception) {
710 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
711 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
712 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
714 $self->throw_exception(
715 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
716 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
719 $self->throw_exception($exception)
722 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
724 carp "Retrying $coderef after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
725 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
726 $self->_populate_dbh;
732 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
733 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
743 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
744 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
746 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
748 $self->_dbh_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
750 %{ $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
751 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
757 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
761 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
763 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
767 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
768 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
772 # Storage subclasses should override this
773 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
774 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
782 =item Arguments: none
784 =item Return Value: 1|0
788 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
789 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
790 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
796 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
799 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
804 sub _seems_connected {
807 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
810 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
817 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
820 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
826 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
831 # handle pid changes correctly
832 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
836 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
838 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
845 sub ensure_connected {
848 unless ($self->connected) {
849 $self->_populate_dbh;
855 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
856 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
857 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
858 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
866 if (not $self->_dbh) {
867 $self->_populate_dbh;
869 $self->ensure_connected;
874 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
877 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
878 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
882 sub _sql_maker_args {
887 array_datatypes => 1,
888 limit_dialect => $self->_get_dbh,
889 %{$self->_sql_maker_opts}
895 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
896 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
897 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
898 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
900 return $self->_sql_maker;
903 # nothing to do by default
910 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
911 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
912 $self->_server_info_hash (undef);
913 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
915 $self->_conn_pid($$);
916 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
918 $self->_determine_driver;
920 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
921 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
922 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
924 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
927 sub _run_connection_actions {
931 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
932 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
934 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
940 unless ($self->_server_info_hash) {
944 my $server_version = $self->_get_server_version;
946 if (defined $server_version) {
947 $info{dbms_version} = $server_version;
949 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
950 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
956 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
958 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
959 my $p = shift @verparts;
963 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
965 $info{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
969 $self->_server_info_hash(\%info);
972 return $self->_server_info_hash
975 sub _get_server_version {
976 eval { shift->_get_dbh->get_info(18) };
979 sub _determine_driver {
982 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
983 my $started_connected = 0;
984 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
986 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
988 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
989 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
990 $started_connected = 1;
992 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
993 if (ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] &&
994 Scalar::Util::reftype($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]) eq 'CODE') {
995 $self->_populate_dbh;
996 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
999 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1000 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
1001 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1002 my $dsn = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || $ENV{DBI_DSN} || '';
1003 ($driver) = $dsn =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
1004 $driver ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1009 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1010 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1011 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
1012 bless $self, $storage_class;
1018 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1020 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1022 $self->_run_connection_actions
1023 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1027 sub _do_connection_actions {
1029 my $method_prefix = shift;
1032 if (not ref($call)) {
1033 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1035 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1037 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1038 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1039 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1041 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1044 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1050 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1052 $self->_do_query(@_);
1055 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1057 $self->_do_query(@_);
1060 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1061 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1064 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1066 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1067 $action = $action->($self);
1068 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1071 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1072 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1073 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1074 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1075 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1076 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1077 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1078 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1080 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
1081 $self->_get_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1082 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
1089 my ($self, @info) = @_;
1091 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
1094 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1096 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
1097 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
1098 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
1102 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1103 $dbh = $info[0]->();
1106 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1109 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
1110 my $weak_self = $self;
1111 Scalar::Util::weaken($weak_self);
1112 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
1114 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1117 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1119 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1122 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1123 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1124 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1128 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1130 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
1133 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1139 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1141 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1142 unless defined $name;
1144 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1145 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1147 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1148 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1150 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1152 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1154 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1158 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1160 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1161 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1163 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1164 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1166 if (defined $name) {
1167 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1168 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1170 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1171 # the stack up to date.
1174 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1176 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1179 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1181 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1185 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1187 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1188 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1190 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1191 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1193 if (defined $name) {
1194 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1195 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1196 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1199 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1200 # the stack up to date.
1201 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1202 last if($s eq $name);
1204 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1205 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1206 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1208 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1209 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1212 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1214 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1217 sub _svp_generate_name {
1220 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1226 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1227 # (e.g. coderef $dbh)
1228 $self->ensure_connected if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit);
1230 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1231 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1233 $self->_dbh_begin_work;
1235 elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1238 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1241 sub _dbh_begin_work {
1244 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1245 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1246 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1247 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1248 # then retried on reconnect)
1249 if ($self->{_in_dbh_do}) {
1250 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1252 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1258 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1259 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1262 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1263 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1265 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1266 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1268 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1274 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1275 or $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1281 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1283 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1284 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1286 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1287 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1288 $self->_dbh_rollback;
1290 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1291 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1292 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1293 $self->svp_rollback;
1298 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1303 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1304 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1305 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1306 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1307 $self->throw_exception($error);
1313 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1314 or $self->throw_exception('cannot ROLLBACK on a disconnected handle');
1318 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1319 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1320 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1321 sub _prep_for_execute {
1322 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1324 if( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1325 $ident = $ident->from();
1328 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1331 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1333 return ($sql, \@bind);
1337 sub _fix_bind_params {
1338 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1340 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1341 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1343 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1346 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1347 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1354 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1356 if ( $self->debug ) {
1357 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1359 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1364 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1366 if ( $self->debug ) {
1367 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1368 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1373 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1375 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1377 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1379 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1381 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1383 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1384 my $attributes = {};
1385 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1387 if ($bind_attributes) {
1388 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1389 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1392 foreach my $data (@data) {
1393 my $ref = ref $data;
1394 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1396 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1397 $placeholder_index++;
1401 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1402 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1403 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1405 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1407 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1412 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_); # retry over disconnects
1415 sub _prefetch_insert_auto_nextvals {
1416 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1420 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1421 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1422 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1424 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1425 $upd->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1427 $col_info->{sequence} ||=
1428 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1439 my ($source, $to_insert, $opts) = @_;
1441 my $updated_cols = $self->_prefetch_insert_auto_nextvals (@_);
1443 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1445 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert, $opts);
1447 if ($opts->{returning}) {
1448 my @ret_cols = @{$opts->{returning}};
1450 my @ret_vals = eval {
1451 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
1452 my @r = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1458 @ret{@ret_cols} = @ret_vals if (@ret_vals);
1466 return $updated_cols;
1469 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1470 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1471 ## only prepped once.
1473 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1476 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1478 for my $i (0..$#$cols) {
1479 my $first_val = $data->[0][$i];
1480 next unless ref $first_val eq 'SCALAR';
1482 $colvalues{ $cols->[$i] } = $first_val;
1485 # check for bad data and stringify stringifiable objects
1486 my $bad_slice = sub {
1487 my ($msg, $col_idx, $slice_idx) = @_;
1488 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
1492 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1; # don't dump objects, if any
1493 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper({
1494 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$slice_idx][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1500 for my $datum_idx (0..$#$data) {
1501 my $datum = $data->[$datum_idx];
1503 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
1504 my $val = $datum->[$col_idx];
1505 my $sqla_bind = $colvalues{ $cols->[$col_idx] };
1506 my $is_literal_sql = (ref $sqla_bind) eq 'SCALAR';
1508 if ($is_literal_sql) {
1510 $bad_slice->('bind found where literal SQL expected', $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1512 elsif ((my $reftype = ref $val) ne 'SCALAR') {
1513 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where literal SQL expected",
1514 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1516 elsif ($$val ne $$sqla_bind){
1517 $bad_slice->("inconsistent literal SQL value, expecting: '$$sqla_bind'",
1518 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1521 elsif (my $reftype = ref $val) {
1523 if (overload::Method($val, '""')) {
1524 $datum->[$col_idx] = "".$val;
1527 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where bind expected",
1528 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1534 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
1535 'insert', undef, $source, [\%colvalues]
1539 my $empty_bind = 1 if (not @bind) &&
1540 (grep { ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' } values %colvalues) == @$cols;
1542 if ((not @bind) && (not $empty_bind)) {
1543 $self->throw_exception(
1544 'Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders'
1548 # neither _execute_array, nor _execute_inserts_with_no_binds are
1549 # atomic (even if _execute _array is a single call). Thus a safety
1551 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1553 $self->_query_start( $sql, ['__BULK__'] );
1554 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1557 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
1558 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
1561 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1562 $self->_execute_array( $source, $sth, \@bind, $cols, $data );
1566 $self->_query_end( $sql, ['__BULK__'] );
1570 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1573 sub _execute_array {
1574 my ($self, $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data, @extra) = @_;
1576 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1577 my $tuple_status = [];
1579 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1580 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1582 ## Bind the values and execute
1583 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1585 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1587 my $attributes = {};
1588 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1590 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1591 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1592 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1595 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1597 $sth->bind_param_array(
1600 (%$attributes ? $attributes : ()),
1602 $placeholder_index++;
1606 $self->_dbh_execute_array($sth, $tuple_status, @extra);
1608 my $err = $@ || $sth->errstr;
1610 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
1611 eval { $sth->finish };
1612 $err = $@ unless $err;
1616 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1618 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
1619 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1621 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1622 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
1623 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper({
1624 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1631 sub _dbh_execute_array {
1632 my ($self, $sth, $tuple_status, @extra) = @_;
1634 return $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1637 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
1638 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
1641 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
1642 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1643 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1645 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
1649 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
1650 eval { $sth->finish };
1651 $exception = $@ unless $exception;
1653 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $exception;
1659 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1661 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1663 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1668 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1670 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1672 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1675 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1676 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1677 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets, or non-introspectable conditions)
1679 # Generating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1680 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1681 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1682 sub _subq_update_delete {
1684 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1686 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1688 # quick check if we got a sane rs on our hands
1689 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1691 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1692 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1695 join ("\x00", map { join '.', $rs->{attrs}{alias}, $_ } sort @pcols)
1697 join ("\x00", sort @$sel )
1699 $self->throw_exception (
1700 '_subq_update_delete can not be called on resultsets selecting columns other than the primary keys'
1707 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1708 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1713 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1717 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1718 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1719 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1720 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1723 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1724 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1727 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1728 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1731 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1732 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1734 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1737 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1739 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1741 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1742 my @pcols = $rsrc->_pri_cols;
1744 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1746 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
1747 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
1749 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1750 my @all_pk = $subrs_cur->all;
1751 for my $pks ( @all_pk) {
1754 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1755 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks->[$i];
1760 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1775 # localization is neccessary as
1776 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1777 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1778 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1779 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1781 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1784 sub _select_args_to_query {
1787 # localization is neccessary as
1788 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1789 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1790 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1791 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1793 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset)
1794 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
1795 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
1796 $self->_select_args(@_);
1798 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset ]);
1799 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
1800 $prepared_bind ||= [];
1803 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
1804 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
1809 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1811 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
1813 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1814 $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs} = {
1819 $rs_alias && $alias2source->{$rs_alias}
1820 ? ( _source_handle => $alias2source->{$rs_alias}->handle )
1825 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
1826 my $bind_attrs = {};
1827 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
1828 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
1829 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
1831 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
1832 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
1834 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
1835 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
1836 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
1837 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
1838 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
1839 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
1840 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
1841 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
1843 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
1844 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
1847 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
1854 $attrs->{software_limit}
1856 $sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ"
1858 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1861 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1862 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1864 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1865 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1870 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart otherwise delegate the limiting to the
1871 # storage, unless software limit was requested
1874 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
1876 # limited prefetch with RNO subqueries (otherwise a risk of column name clashes)
1880 $sql_maker->limit_dialect eq 'RowNumberOver'
1882 $attrs->{_prefetch_select}
1884 @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}}
1887 # grouped prefetch (to satisfy group_by == select)
1888 ( $attrs->{group_by}
1890 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
1892 $attrs->{_prefetch_select}
1894 @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}}
1897 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
1898 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1902 # the RNO limit dialect mangles the SQL such that the join gets lost
1903 # wrap a subquery here
1904 ($attrs->{rows} || $attrs->{offset})
1906 $sql_maker->limit_dialect eq 'RowNumberOver'
1908 (ref $ident eq 'ARRAY' && @$ident > 1) # indicates a join
1910 scalar $self->_parse_order_by ($attrs->{order_by})
1913 push @limit, delete @{$attrs}{qw/rows offset/};
1915 my $subq = $self->_select_args_to_query (
1923 -alias => $attrs->{alias},
1924 -source_handle => $ident->[0]{-source_handle},
1925 $attrs->{alias} => $subq,
1928 # all part of the subquery now
1929 delete @{$attrs}{qw/order_by group_by having/};
1933 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
1934 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1937 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
1938 $ident = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1941 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
1942 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
1943 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
1944 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
1946 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
1947 # invoked, and that's just bad...
1951 { $attrs->{$_} ? ( $_ => $attrs->{$_} ) : () }
1952 (qw/order_by group_by having/ )
1955 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $order, @limit);
1958 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
1959 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
1960 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
1961 # sense as a performance optimization
1963 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1964 return { count => '*' };
1967 # Returns a SELECT which will end up in the subselect
1968 # There may or may not be a group_by, as the subquery
1969 # might have been called to accomodate a limit
1971 # Most databases would be happy with whatever ends up
1972 # here, but some choke in various ways.
1974 sub _subq_count_select {
1975 my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1977 if (my $groupby = $rs_attrs->{group_by}) {
1979 my $avail_columns = $self->_resolve_column_info ($rs_attrs->{from});
1982 for my $sel (@{$rs_attrs->{select}}) {
1983 if (ref $sel eq 'HASH' and $sel->{-as}) {
1984 $sel_index->{$sel->{-as}} = $sel;
1989 for my $g_part (@$groupby) {
1990 if (ref $g_part or $avail_columns->{$g_part}) {
1991 push @selection, $g_part;
1993 elsif ($sel_index->{$g_part}) {
1994 push @selection, $sel_index->{$g_part};
1997 $self->throw_exception ("group_by criteria '$g_part' not contained within current resultset source(s)");
2004 my @pcols = map { join '.', $rs_attrs->{alias}, $_ } ($source->primary_columns);
2005 return @pcols ? \@pcols : [ 1 ];
2008 sub source_bind_attributes {
2009 my ($self, $source) = @_;
2011 my $bind_attributes;
2012 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
2014 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
2015 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
2019 return $bind_attributes;
2026 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2030 Handle a SQL select statement.
2036 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2037 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2042 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2043 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2044 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2045 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2046 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2048 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2057 =item Arguments: $sql
2061 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
2066 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
2068 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
2069 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
2070 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
2071 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
2073 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
2074 # but apparently that's not true :(
2075 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
2081 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
2082 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql); # retry over disconnects
2085 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2086 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2088 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2091 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2092 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2094 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2096 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2097 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2098 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2099 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2100 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2101 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2103 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2106 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
2110 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2112 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2113 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2115 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2116 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2117 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2119 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2120 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2121 $column_info{size} = $2;
2124 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2128 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2129 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2130 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2132 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2133 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2134 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2135 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2142 sub columns_info_for {
2143 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2144 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2147 =head2 last_insert_id
2149 Return the row id of the last insert.
2153 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2154 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2156 my $id = eval { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2158 return $id if defined $id;
2160 my $class = ref $self;
2161 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2164 sub last_insert_id {
2166 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2169 =head2 _native_data_type
2173 =item Arguments: $type_name
2177 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2178 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2179 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2181 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2182 you need this functionality.
2184 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2185 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2187 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2188 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2190 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2191 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2195 sub _native_data_type {
2196 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2200 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2201 sub _placeholders_supported {
2203 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2205 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2206 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2208 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2209 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2210 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2215 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2217 sub _typeless_placeholders_supported {
2219 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2222 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2223 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2224 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2225 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2232 Returns the database driver name.
2237 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2240 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2242 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2243 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2244 let the database planner just handle it.
2246 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2250 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2254 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2256 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2257 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2258 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2259 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2260 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2264 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2265 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2267 return 0 unless $dt;
2269 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2270 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2275 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2279 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2283 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2284 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2285 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2287 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2288 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2289 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2290 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2292 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2293 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2294 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2295 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2297 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2298 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2299 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2300 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2301 C<quote_field_names>.
2303 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2307 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2309 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2311 =item directory - './'
2313 =item preversion - <none>
2317 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2319 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2321 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2322 hashref like the following
2324 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2327 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2332 sub create_ddl_dir {
2333 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2336 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2339 -d $dir or File::Path::mkpath($dir)
2340 or $self->throw_exception("create_ddl_dir: $! creating dir '$dir'");
2343 $self->throw_exception ("Directory '$dir' does not exist\n") unless(-d $dir);
2345 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2346 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2348 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2349 $version ||= $schema_version;
2352 add_drop_table => 1,
2353 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2354 ignore_index_names => 1,
2358 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy')) {
2359 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2362 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2364 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2365 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2366 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2368 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2370 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2371 $sqlt->producer($db);
2374 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2375 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2376 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2377 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2381 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2383 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2386 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2387 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2390 print $file $output;
2393 next unless ($preversion);
2395 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2397 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2398 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2399 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2403 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2405 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2411 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2416 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2418 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2419 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2421 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2423 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2424 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2427 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2428 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2429 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2430 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2432 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2433 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2438 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2440 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2441 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2443 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2445 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2446 unless $dest_schema->name;
2449 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2453 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2454 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2462 =head2 deployment_statements
2466 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2470 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2472 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2473 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2475 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2476 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2477 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2479 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2480 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2482 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2486 sub deployment_statements {
2487 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2488 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2489 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2491 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2495 open($file, "<$filename")
2496 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2499 return join('', @rows);
2502 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy') ) {
2503 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a ddl_dir or " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2506 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2508 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2509 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2511 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
2512 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
2514 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
2521 @ret = $tr->translate;
2524 $ret[0] = $tr->translate;
2527 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
2528 unless (@ret && defined $ret[0]);
2530 return $wa ? @ret : $ret[0];
2534 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2537 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2539 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2540 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2541 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2542 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2543 $self->_query_start($line);
2545 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
2546 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
2547 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
2550 carp qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
2552 $self->_query_end($line);
2554 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2555 if (@statements > 1) {
2556 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2557 $deploy->( $statement );
2560 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2561 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2567 =head2 datetime_parser
2569 Returns the datetime parser class
2573 sub datetime_parser {
2575 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2576 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2580 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2582 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2583 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2587 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2589 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2591 See L</datetime_parser>
2595 sub build_datetime_parser {
2597 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2598 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($type);
2603 =head2 is_replicating
2605 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2606 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2607 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2611 sub is_replicating {
2616 =head2 lag_behind_master
2618 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2619 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2620 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2624 sub lag_behind_master {
2628 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
2632 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
2636 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
2639 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
2640 way these aliases are named.
2642 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
2643 otherwise C<"$relname">.
2647 sub relname_to_table_alias {
2648 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
2650 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
2651 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
2659 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
2661 # some databases need this to stop spewing warnings
2662 if (my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
2665 %{ $dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
2677 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2679 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2680 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2681 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2683 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2684 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2685 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2686 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2687 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2688 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2689 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2695 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2697 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2701 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.