1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use DBIx::Class::Carp;
11 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
12 use List::Util qw/first/;
13 use Sub::Name 'subname';
14 use Context::Preserve 'preserve_context';
17 use Data::Compare (); # no imports!!! guard against insane architecture
20 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
21 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
23 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
24 sql_limit_dialect sql_quote_char sql_name_sep
27 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('component_class' => qw/sql_maker_class datetime_parser_type/);
29 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
30 __PACKAGE__->datetime_parser_type('DateTime::Format::MySQL'); # historic default
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_name_sep('.');
34 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
35 _connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
36 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _dbh_autocommit
37 _perform_autoinc_retrieval _autoinc_supplied_for_op
40 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
41 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
42 my @storage_options = qw/
43 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
44 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
46 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
49 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
52 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
53 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
56 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
57 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
58 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
59 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
60 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
61 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
63 my @capabilities = (qw/
65 insert_returning_bound
74 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
75 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } (@capabilities ) );
77 # on by default, not strictly a capability (pending rewrite)
78 __PACKAGE__->_use_join_optimizer (1);
79 sub _determine_supports_join_optimizer { 1 };
81 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
82 # in order to function reliably. We also need to separate accessors
83 # from plain old method calls, since an accessor called as a setter
84 # does *not* need the driver determination loop fired (and in fact
85 # can produce hard to find bugs, like e.g. losing on_connect_*
86 # semantics on fresh connections)
88 # The construct below is simply a parameterized around()
89 my $storage_accessor_idx = { map { $_ => 1 } qw(
96 for my $meth (keys %$storage_accessor_idx, qw(
110 with_deferred_fk_checks
112 get_use_dbms_capability
119 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
120 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
123 no warnings 'redefine';
124 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
126 # only fire when invoked on an instance, a valid class-based invocation
127 # would e.g. be setting a default for an inherited accessor
130 ! $_[0]->{_driver_determined}
132 ! $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}
134 # if this is a known *setter* - just set it, no need to connect
135 # and determine the driver
136 ! ( $storage_accessor_idx->{$meth} and @_ > 1 )
138 # Only try to determine stuff if we have *something* that either is or can
139 # provide a DSN. Allows for bare $schema's generated with a plain ->connect()
140 # to still be marginally useful
141 $_[0]->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
143 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
145 # This for some reason crashes and burns on perl 5.8.1
146 # IFF the method ends up throwing an exception
147 #goto $_[0]->can ($meth);
149 my $cref = $_[0]->can ($meth);
159 $self->{perl_renderer} ||= do {
160 require DBIx::Class::PerlRenderer;
161 DBIx::Class::PerlRenderer->new;
167 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
171 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
173 $schema->storage->debug(1);
175 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
177 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
178 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
183 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
184 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
189 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
190 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
191 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
198 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
200 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
201 $new->_dbh_details({});
202 $new->{_in_do_block} = 0;
204 # read below to see what this does
205 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
210 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
211 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
212 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
213 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
214 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
215 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
216 # Additionally this registry is used by the CLONE method to
217 # make sure no handles are shared between threads
219 my %seek_and_destroy;
221 sub _arm_global_destructor {
223 # quick "garbage collection" pass - prevents the registry
224 # from slowly growing with a bunch of undef-valued keys
225 defined $seek_and_destroy{$_} or delete $seek_and_destroy{$_}
226 for keys %seek_and_destroy;
229 $seek_and_destroy{ refaddr($_[0]) } = $_[0]
234 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
236 # destroy just the object if not native to this process
237 $_->_verify_pid for (grep
239 values %seek_and_destroy
244 # As per DBI's recommendation, DBIC disconnects all handles as
245 # soon as possible (DBIC will reconnect only on demand from within
247 my @instances = grep { defined $_ } values %seek_and_destroy;
248 %seek_and_destroy = ();
253 $_->transaction_depth(0);
256 # properly renumber existing refs
257 $_->_arm_global_destructor
265 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
266 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
267 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
270 # this op is necessary, since the very last perl runtime statement
271 # triggers a global destruction shootout, and the $SIG localization
272 # may very well be destroyed before perl actually gets to do the
277 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
281 my $pid = $self->_conn_pid;
282 if( defined $pid and $pid != $$ and my $dbh = $self->_dbh ) {
283 $dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
285 $self->transaction_depth(0);
286 $self->savepoints([]);
294 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
295 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
297 The argument list may contain:
303 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
304 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
305 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
306 recognized by DBIx::Class:
308 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
312 A single code reference which returns a connected
313 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
314 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
317 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
321 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
324 $connect_info_args = [{
332 $connect_info_args = [{
333 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
338 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
339 following config (L<Config::General> style):
344 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
351 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
352 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
353 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
357 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
358 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
359 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
360 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
361 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
362 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
364 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
366 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES COMMON TO ALL HANDLES>
367 L<connection|DBI/Database Handle Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
368 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
369 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
370 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
372 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
373 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
374 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
381 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
382 the database. Its value may contain:
388 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
390 =item an array reference
392 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
393 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
395 =item a code reference
397 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
398 array reference, its return value is ignored.
402 =item on_disconnect_do
404 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
405 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
407 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
410 =item on_connect_call
412 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
413 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
415 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
419 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
421 Its values may contain:
427 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
429 =item a code reference
431 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
433 =item an array reference
435 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
437 =item an array of arrays
439 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
440 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
444 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
450 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
451 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
459 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
463 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
464 attributes hashref and bind values.
466 =item a code reference
468 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
475 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
476 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
477 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
479 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
480 implementation details.
484 =item on_disconnect_call
486 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
487 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
489 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
490 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
492 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
495 =item disable_sth_caching
497 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
498 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
502 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
503 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
504 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
508 When true automatically sets L</quote_char> and L</name_sep> to the characters
509 appropriate for your particular RDBMS. This option is preferred over specifying
510 L</quote_char> directly.
514 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names.
516 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
517 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
518 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
520 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
521 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
525 This parameter is only useful in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
526 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
527 each other. If unspecified it defaults to the most commonly used C<.>.
531 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
532 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
533 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
534 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
536 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
537 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
538 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
539 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
541 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
542 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
543 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
547 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
548 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
549 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
553 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
554 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
558 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
559 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
561 # Simple SQLite connection
562 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
565 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
567 # Connect via subref in hashref
569 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
570 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
573 # A bit more complicated
580 { quote_char => q{"} },
584 # Equivalent to the previous example
590 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
594 # Same, but with hashref as argument
595 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
598 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
600 password => 'my_pg_password',
607 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
610 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
614 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
615 disable_sth_caching => 1,
625 my ($self, $info) = @_;
627 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
629 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
631 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
632 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
635 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
636 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
639 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
641 if (keys %attrs and ref $args[0] ne 'CODE') {
643 'You provided explicit AutoCommit => 0 in your connection_info. '
644 . 'This is almost universally a bad idea (see the footnotes of '
645 . 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI for more info). If you still want to '
646 . 'do this you can set $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK} to disable '
648 ) if ! $attrs{AutoCommit} and ! $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK};
650 push @args, \%attrs if keys %attrs;
653 # this is the authoritative "always an arrayref" thing fed to DBI->connect
654 # OR a single-element coderef-based $dbh factory
655 $self->_dbi_connect_info(\@args);
657 # extract the individual storage options
658 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
659 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
661 $self->$storage_opt($value);
664 # Extract the individual sqlmaker options
666 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
667 # the new set of options
668 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
669 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
671 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
672 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
674 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
678 # save attributes in a separate accessor so they are always
679 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
680 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
682 return $self->_connect_info;
685 sub _dbi_connect_info {
688 return $self->{_dbi_connect_info} = $_[0]
691 my $conninfo = $self->{_dbi_connect_info} || [];
693 # last ditch effort to grab a DSN
694 if ( ! defined $conninfo->[0] and $ENV{DBI_DSN} ) {
695 my @new_conninfo = @$conninfo;
696 $new_conninfo[0] = $ENV{DBI_DSN};
697 $conninfo = \@new_conninfo;
704 sub _normalize_connect_info {
705 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
708 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
710 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
713 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
714 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
717 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
718 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
720 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
723 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
726 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
727 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
729 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
734 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
737 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
739 % { $args[3] || {} },
740 % { $args[4] || {} },
742 @args = @args[0,1,2];
745 $info{arguments} = \@args;
747 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
748 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
750 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
751 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
753 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
754 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep quote_names/;
756 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
757 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
759 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
764 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes () {
769 ShowErrorStatement => 1,
775 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
779 =head2 on_disconnect_do
781 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
785 sub _parse_connect_do {
786 my ($self, $type) = @_;
788 my $val = $self->$type;
789 return () if not defined $val;
794 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
795 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
797 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
798 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
800 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
808 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
810 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
811 connection management.
813 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
814 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
815 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
817 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
818 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
820 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
821 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
822 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
826 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
828 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
829 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
830 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
839 my $run_target = shift; # either a coderef or a method name
841 # short circuit when we know there is no need for a runner
843 # FIXME - assumption may be wrong
844 # the rationale for the txn_depth check is that if this block is a part
845 # of a larger transaction, everything up to that point is screwed anyway
846 return $self->$run_target($self->_get_dbh, @_)
847 if $self->{_in_do_block} or $self->transaction_depth;
849 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve @_ aliasing
850 # semantics within the coderef, but only if needed
851 # (pseudoforking doesn't like this trick much)
852 my $args = @_ ? \@_ : [];
854 DBIx::Class::Storage::BlockRunner->new(
857 retry_handler => sub {
858 $_[0]->failed_attempt_count == 1
860 ! $_[0]->storage->connected
863 $self->$run_target ($self->_get_dbh, @$args )
868 $_[0]->_get_dbh; # connects or reconnects on pid change, necessary to grab correct txn_depth
869 shift->next::method(@_);
874 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
875 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
885 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
886 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
888 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
890 # stops the "implicit rollback on disconnect" warning
891 $self->_exec_txn_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
893 %{ $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} } = ();
894 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
899 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
903 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
905 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
909 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
910 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
914 # Storage subclasses should override this
915 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
916 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
924 =item Arguments: none
926 =item Return Value: 1|0
930 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
931 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
932 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
938 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
941 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
946 sub _seems_connected {
949 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
951 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
954 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
960 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
965 sub ensure_connected {
968 unless ($self->connected) {
969 $self->_populate_dbh;
975 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
976 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
977 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
978 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
986 if (not $self->_dbh) {
987 $self->_populate_dbh;
989 $self->ensure_connected;
994 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
997 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
998 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
1002 # *DELIBERATELY* not a setter (for the time being)
1003 # Too intertwined with everything else for any kind of sanity
1007 $self->throw_exception('sql_maker() is not a setter method') if @_;
1009 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
1010 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
1012 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
1014 $opts{limit_dialect}
1016 $self->sql_limit_dialect
1019 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1021 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
1022 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
1023 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
1024 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow. '
1025 . "Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'"
1026 ) if $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0];
1032 my ($quote_char, $name_sep);
1034 if ($opts{quote_names}) {
1035 $quote_char = (delete $opts{quote_char}) || $self->sql_quote_char || do {
1036 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1038 "You requested 'quote_names' but your storage class ($s_class) does "
1039 . 'not explicitly define a default sql_quote_char and you have not '
1040 . 'supplied a quote_char as part of your connection_info. DBIC will '
1041 .q{default to the ANSI SQL standard quote '"', which works most of }
1042 . "the time. Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'."
1048 $name_sep = (delete $opts{name_sep}) || $self->sql_name_sep;
1051 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
1052 bindtype=>'columns',
1053 array_datatypes => 1,
1054 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1055 ($quote_char ? (quote_char => $quote_char) : ()),
1056 name_sep => ($name_sep || '.'),
1060 return $self->_sql_maker;
1063 # nothing to do by default
1070 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1071 $self->_dbh_details({}); # reset everything we know
1072 $self->_sql_maker(undef); # this may also end up being different
1074 $self->_dbh($self->_connect);
1076 $self->_conn_pid($$) unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK; # on win32 these are in fact threads
1078 $self->_determine_driver;
1080 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1081 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1082 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1084 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1087 sub _run_connection_actions {
1091 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
1092 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
1094 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
1099 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1100 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1103 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1104 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1106 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1109 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1113 sub set_dbms_capability {
1114 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1117 sub get_dbms_capability {
1118 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1120 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1122 unless (defined $cap) {
1123 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1124 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1130 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1140 unless ($info = $self->_dbh_details->{info}) {
1144 my $server_version = try {
1145 $self->_get_server_version
1147 # driver determination *may* use this codepath
1148 # in which case we must rethrow
1149 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1151 # $server_version on failure
1155 if (defined $server_version) {
1156 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1158 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1159 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1165 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1167 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1168 my $p = shift @verparts;
1170 push @use_parts, $p;
1172 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1174 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1178 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1184 sub _get_server_version {
1185 shift->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_VER');
1189 my ($self, $info) = @_;
1191 if ($info =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1192 require DBI::Const::GetInfoType;
1193 $info = $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$info};
1194 $self->throw_exception("Info type '$_[1]' not provided by DBI::Const::GetInfoType")
1195 unless defined $info;
1198 $self->_get_dbh->get_info($info);
1201 sub _describe_connection {
1202 require DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn;
1208 $drv = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1209 $self->ensure_connected;
1212 $drv = "DBD::$drv" if $drv;
1215 DBIC_DSN => $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0],
1216 DBI_VER => DBI->VERSION,
1217 DBIC_VER => DBIx::Class->VERSION,
1218 DBIC_DRIVER => ref $self,
1221 DBD_VER => try { $drv->VERSION },
1225 # try to grab data even if we never managed to connect
1226 # will cover us in cases of an oddly broken half-connect
1228 #keys %DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType,
1230 SQL_CURSOR_COMMIT_BEHAVIOR
1231 SQL_CURSOR_ROLLBACK_BEHAVIOR
1232 SQL_CURSOR_SENSITIVITY
1233 SQL_DATA_SOURCE_NAME
1236 SQL_DEFAULT_TXN_ISOLATION
1241 SQL_EXPRESSIONS_IN_ORDERBY
1244 SQL_IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CHAR
1245 SQL_MAX_CATALOG_NAME_LEN
1246 SQL_MAX_COLUMN_NAME_LEN
1247 SQL_MAX_IDENTIFIER_LEN
1248 SQL_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN
1249 SQL_MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_TXN
1250 SQL_MULT_RESULT_SETS
1251 SQL_NEED_LONG_DATA_LEN
1252 SQL_NON_NULLABLE_COLUMNS
1254 SQL_QUALIFIER_NAME_SEPARATOR
1255 SQL_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_CASE
1257 SQL_TXN_ISOLATION_OPTION
1260 # some drivers barf on things they do not know about instead
1261 # of returning undef
1262 my $v = try { $self->_dbh_get_info($inf) };
1263 next unless defined $v;
1265 #my $key = sprintf( '%s(%s)', $inf, $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$inf} );
1266 my $expl = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Explain($inf, $v);
1267 $res->{$inf} = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Format($inf, $v) . ( $expl ? " ($expl)" : '' );
1273 sub _determine_driver {
1276 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1277 my $started_connected = 0;
1278 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
1280 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1282 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1283 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1284 $started_connected = 1;
1287 $driver = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1291 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1292 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1293 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
1294 bless $self, $storage_class;
1298 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1299 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1300 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$driver')."
1305 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1306 'Unable to extract a driver name from connect info - this '
1307 . 'should not have happened.'
1312 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1314 Class::C3->reinitialize() if DBIx::Class::_ENV_::OLD_MRO;
1316 if ($self->can('source_bind_attributes')) {
1317 $self->throw_exception(
1318 "Your storage subclass @{[ ref $self ]} provides (or inherits) the method "
1319 . 'source_bind_attributes() for which support has been removed as of Jan 2013. '
1320 . 'If you are not sure how to proceed please contact the development team via '
1321 . 'http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBIx-Class/lib/DBIx/Class.pm#GETTING_HELP/SUPPORT'
1325 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1327 $self->_run_connection_actions
1328 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1332 sub _extract_driver_from_connect_info {
1337 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1339 ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
1341 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1343 $self->_populate_dbh;
1344 $drv = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1347 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1348 # force a connection later in _rebless to determine version
1349 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1350 ($drv) = ($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || '') =~ /^dbi:([^:]+):/i;
1351 $drv ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1357 sub _determine_connector_driver {
1358 my ($self, $conn) = @_;
1360 my $dbtype = $self->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_NAME');
1363 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1364 'Unable to retrieve RDBMS type (SQL_DBMS_NAME) of the engine behind your '
1365 . "$conn connector - this should not have happened."
1370 $dbtype =~ s/\W/_/gi;
1372 my $subclass = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${conn}::${dbtype}";
1373 return if $self->isa($subclass);
1375 if ($self->load_optional_class($subclass)) {
1376 bless $self, $subclass;
1380 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1381 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1382 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$conn/$dbtype')."
1387 sub _warn_undetermined_driver {
1388 my ($self, $msg) = @_;
1390 require Data::Dumper::Concise;
1392 carp_once ($msg . ' While we will attempt to continue anyway, the results '
1393 . 'are likely to be underwhelming. Please upgrade DBIC, and if this message '
1394 . "does not go away, file a bugreport including the following info:\n"
1395 . Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper($self->_describe_connection)
1399 sub _do_connection_actions {
1401 my $method_prefix = shift;
1404 if (not ref($call)) {
1405 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1407 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1409 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1410 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1411 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1413 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1416 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1422 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1424 $self->_do_query(@_);
1427 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1429 $self->_do_query(@_);
1432 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1433 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1436 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1438 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1439 $action = $action->($self);
1440 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1443 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1444 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1445 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1446 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1447 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1448 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1449 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1450 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1453 $_[0]->_query_start($sql, \@bind);
1454 $_[1]->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1455 $_[0]->_query_end($sql, \@bind);
1465 my $info = $self->_dbi_connect_info;
1467 $self->throw_exception("You did not provide any connection_info")
1468 unless defined $info->[0];
1470 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1472 local $DBI::connect_via = 'connect' if $INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL};
1474 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1475 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1478 # in addition the coderef itself can't reside inside the try{} block below
1479 # as it somehow triggers a leak under perl -d
1480 my $dbh_error_handler_installer = sub {
1481 weaken (my $weak_self = $_[0]);
1483 # the coderef is blessed so we can distinguish it from externally
1484 # supplied handles (which must be preserved)
1485 $_[1]->{HandleError} = bless sub {
1487 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1490 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1492 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1494 }, '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1498 if(ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1499 $dbh = $info->[0]->();
1503 $dbh = DBI->connect(@$info);
1506 die $DBI::errstr unless $dbh;
1508 die sprintf ("%s fresh DBI handle with a *false* 'Active' attribute. "
1509 . 'This handle is disconnected as far as DBIC is concerned, and we can '
1511 ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1512 ? "Connection coderef $info->[0] returned a"
1513 : 'DBI->connect($schema->storage->connect_info) resulted in a'
1514 ) unless $dbh->FETCH('Active');
1516 # sanity checks unless asked otherwise
1517 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1519 $self->throw_exception(
1520 'Refusing clobbering of {HandleError} installed on externally supplied '
1521 ."DBI handle $dbh. Either remove the handler or use the 'unsafe' attribute."
1522 ) if $dbh->{HandleError} and ref $dbh->{HandleError} ne '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1524 # Default via _default_dbi_connect_attributes is 1, hence it was an explicit
1525 # request, or an external handle. Complain and set anyway
1526 unless ($dbh->{RaiseError}) {
1527 carp( ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1529 ? "The 'RaiseError' of the externally supplied DBI handle is set to false. "
1530 ."DBIx::Class will toggle it back to true, unless the 'unsafe' connect "
1531 .'attribute has been supplied'
1533 : 'RaiseError => 0 supplied in your connection_info, without an explicit '
1534 .'unsafe => 1. Toggling RaiseError back to true'
1537 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1540 $dbh_error_handler_installer->($self, $dbh);
1544 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1547 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1554 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1555 # (e.g. coderef $dbh), need a full-fledged connection check
1556 if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit) {
1557 $self->ensure_connected;
1559 # Otherwise simply connect or re-connect on pid changes
1564 $self->next::method(@_);
1567 sub _exec_txn_begin {
1570 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1571 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1572 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1573 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1574 # then retried on reconnect)
1575 if ($self->{_in_do_block}) {
1576 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1578 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1585 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1586 $self->throw_exception("Unable to txn_commit() on a disconnected storage")
1589 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1590 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1591 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1592 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting COMMIT anyway";
1593 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1596 $self->next::method(@_);
1598 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1599 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1600 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1601 !$self->transaction_depth
1603 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1605 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1609 sub _exec_txn_commit {
1610 shift->_dbh->commit;
1616 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1617 $self->throw_exception("Unable to txn_rollback() on a disconnected storage")
1620 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1621 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1622 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1623 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting ROLLBACK anyway";
1624 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1627 $self->next::method(@_);
1629 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1630 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1631 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1632 !$self->transaction_depth
1634 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1636 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1640 sub _exec_txn_rollback {
1641 shift->_dbh->rollback;
1644 # generate some identical methods
1645 for my $meth (qw/svp_begin svp_release svp_rollback/) {
1647 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = subname $meth => sub {
1649 $self->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1650 $self->throw_exception("Unable to $meth() on a disconnected storage")
1652 $self->next::method(@_);
1656 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1657 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1658 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1659 sub _prep_for_execute {
1660 #my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1661 return shift->_gen_sql_bind(@_)
1665 my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1667 my ($colinfos, $from);
1668 if ( blessed($ident) ) {
1669 $from = $ident->from;
1670 $colinfos = $ident->columns_info;
1674 ($sql, @$bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op( ($from || $ident), @$args );
1676 $bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
1677 $ident, [ @{$args->[2]{bind}||[]}, @$bind ], $colinfos
1681 ! $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK}
1690 $_->[1]->isa('DateTime')
1693 carp_unique 'DateTime objects passed to search() are not supported '
1694 . 'properly (InflateColumn::DateTime formats and settings are not '
1695 . 'respected.) See "Formatting DateTime objects in queries" in '
1696 . 'DBIx::Class::Manual::Cookbook. To disable this warning for good '
1697 . 'set $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK} to true'
1700 return( $sql, $bind );
1703 sub _resolve_bindattrs {
1704 my ($self, $ident, $bind, $colinfos) = @_;
1708 my $resolve_bindinfo = sub {
1709 #my $infohash = shift;
1711 %$colinfos = %{ $self->_resolve_column_info($ident) }
1712 unless keys %$colinfos;
1715 if (my $col = $_[0]->{dbic_colname}) {
1716 $ret = { %{$_[0]} };
1718 $ret->{sqlt_datatype} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{data_type}
1719 if $colinfos->{$col}{data_type};
1721 $ret->{sqlt_size} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{size}
1722 if $colinfos->{$col}{size};
1730 ( ref $_ ne 'ARRAY' or @$_ != 2 ) ? [ {}, $_ ]
1731 : ( ! defined $_->[0] ) ? [ {}, $_->[1] ]
1732 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'HASH') ? [ (exists $_->[0]{dbd_attrs} or $_->[0]{sqlt_datatype})
1734 : $resolve_bindinfo->($_->[0])
1736 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'SCALAR') ? [ { sqlt_datatype => ${$_->[0]} }, $_->[1] ]
1737 : [ $resolve_bindinfo->(
1738 { dbic_colname => $_->[0] }
1743 ! exists $resolved->[0]{dbd_attrs}
1745 ! $resolved->[0]{sqlt_datatype}
1747 length ref $resolved->[1]
1749 ! overload::Method($resolved->[1], '""')
1751 require Data::Dumper;
1752 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1;
1753 local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1;
1754 local $Data::Dumper::Useqq = 1;
1755 local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 0;
1756 local $Data::Dumper::Pad = ' ';
1757 $self->throw_exception(
1758 'You must supply a datatype/bindtype (see DBIx::Class::ResultSet/DBIC BIND VALUES) '
1759 . 'for non-scalar value '. Data::Dumper::Dumper ($resolved->[1])
1768 sub _format_for_trace {
1769 #my ($self, $bind) = @_;
1771 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1772 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ \%attrs, 3 ] )
1774 ### ( "'1'", "'3'" )
1777 defined( $_ && $_->[1] )
1784 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1786 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1791 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1793 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1797 sub _dbi_attrs_for_bind {
1798 my ($self, $ident, $bind) = @_;
1802 for (map { $_->[0] } @$bind) {
1804 if (exists $_->{dbd_attrs}) {
1807 elsif($_->{sqlt_datatype}) {
1808 # cache the result in the dbh_details hash, as it can not change unless
1809 # we connect to something else
1810 my $cache = $self->_dbh_details->{_datatype_map_cache} ||= {};
1811 if (not exists $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}}) {
1812 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($_->{sqlt_datatype}) || undef;
1814 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}};
1817 undef; # always push something at this position
1826 my ($self, $op, $ident, @args) = @_;
1828 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $ident, \@args);
1830 # not even a PID check - we do not care about the state of the _dbh.
1831 # All we need is to get the appropriate drivers loaded if they aren't
1832 # already so that the assumption in ad7c50fc26e holds
1833 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
1835 $self->dbh_do( _dbh_execute => # retry over disconnects
1838 $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($ident, $bind),
1843 my ($self, $dbh, $sql, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1845 $self->_query_start( $sql, $bind );
1847 my $sth = $self->_bind_sth_params(
1848 $self->_prepare_sth($dbh, $sql),
1853 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1854 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1855 $self->throw_exception(
1856 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1859 $self->_query_end( $sql, $bind );
1861 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1865 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1867 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1868 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1869 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1870 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1872 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1873 # but apparently that's not true :(
1874 $self->throw_exception(
1877 sprintf( "\$dbh->prepare() of '%s' through %s failed *silently* without "
1878 .'an exception and/or setting $dbh->errstr',
1880 ? substr($sql, 0, 20) . '...'
1883 'DBD::' . $dbh->{Driver}{Name},
1890 sub _bind_sth_params {
1891 my ($self, $sth, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1893 for my $i (0 .. $#$bind) {
1894 if (ref $bind->[$i][1] eq 'SCALAR') { # any scalarrefs are assumed to be bind_inouts
1895 $sth->bind_param_inout(
1896 $i + 1, # bind params counts are 1-based
1898 $bind->[$i][0]{dbd_size} || $self->_max_column_bytesize($bind->[$i][0]), # size
1903 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - most likely this is not necessary at all
1904 # confirm with dbi-dev whether explicit stringification is needed
1905 my $v = ( length ref $bind->[$i][1] and overload::Method($bind->[$i][1], '""') )
1920 sub _prefetch_autovalues {
1921 my ($self, $source, $colinfo, $to_insert) = @_;
1924 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
1926 $colinfo->{$col}{auto_nextval}
1929 ! exists $to_insert->{$col}
1931 ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'SCALAR'
1933 (ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'REF' and ref ${$to_insert->{$col}} eq 'ARRAY')
1936 $values{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1938 ( $colinfo->{$col}{sequence} ||=
1939 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1949 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1951 my $col_infos = $source->columns_info;
1953 my $prefetched_values = $self->_prefetch_autovalues($source, $col_infos, $to_insert);
1955 # fuse the values, but keep a separate list of prefetched_values so that
1956 # they can be fused once again with the final return
1957 $to_insert = { %$to_insert, %$prefetched_values };
1959 # FIXME - we seem to assume undef values as non-supplied. This is wrong.
1960 # Investigate what does it take to s/defined/exists/
1961 my %pcols = map { $_ => 1 } $source->primary_columns;
1962 my (%retrieve_cols, $autoinc_supplied, $retrieve_autoinc_col);
1963 for my $col ($source->columns) {
1964 if ($col_infos->{$col}{is_auto_increment}) {
1965 $autoinc_supplied ||= 1 if defined $to_insert->{$col};
1966 $retrieve_autoinc_col ||= $col unless $autoinc_supplied;
1969 # nothing to retrieve when explicit values are supplied
1970 next if (defined $to_insert->{$col} and ! (
1971 ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'SCALAR'
1973 (ref $to_insert->{$col} eq 'REF' and ref ${$to_insert->{$col}} eq 'ARRAY')
1976 # the 'scalar keys' is a trick to preserve the ->columns declaration order
1977 $retrieve_cols{$col} = scalar keys %retrieve_cols if (
1980 $col_infos->{$col}{retrieve_on_insert}
1984 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} = $autoinc_supplied;
1985 local $self->{_perform_autoinc_retrieval} = $retrieve_autoinc_col;
1987 my ($sqla_opts, @ir_container);
1988 if (%retrieve_cols and $self->_use_insert_returning) {
1989 $sqla_opts->{returning_container} = \@ir_container
1990 if $self->_use_insert_returning_bound;
1992 $sqla_opts->{returning} = [
1993 sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols
1997 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert', $source, $to_insert, $sqla_opts);
1999 my %returned_cols = %$to_insert;
2000 if (my $retlist = $sqla_opts->{returning}) { # if IR is supported - we will get everything in one set
2001 @ir_container = try {
2002 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
2003 my @r = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2006 } unless @ir_container;
2008 @returned_cols{@$retlist} = @ir_container if @ir_container;
2011 # pull in PK if needed and then everything else
2012 if (my @missing_pri = grep { $pcols{$_} } keys %retrieve_cols) {
2014 $self->throw_exception( "Missing primary key but Storage doesn't support last_insert_id" )
2015 unless $self->can('last_insert_id');
2017 my @pri_values = $self->last_insert_id($source, @missing_pri);
2019 $self->throw_exception( "Can't get last insert id" )
2020 unless (@pri_values == @missing_pri);
2022 @returned_cols{@missing_pri} = @pri_values;
2023 delete @retrieve_cols{@missing_pri};
2026 # if there is more left to pull
2027 if (%retrieve_cols) {
2028 $self->throw_exception(
2029 'Unable to retrieve additional columns without a Primary Key on ' . $source->source_name
2032 my @left_to_fetch = sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols;
2034 my $cur = DBIx::Class::ResultSet->new($source, {
2035 where => { map { $_ => $returned_cols{$_} } (keys %pcols) },
2036 select => \@left_to_fetch,
2039 @returned_cols{@left_to_fetch} = $cur->next;
2041 $self->throw_exception('Duplicate row returned for PK-search after fresh insert')
2042 if scalar $cur->next;
2046 return { %$prefetched_values, %returned_cols };
2050 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
2052 my @col_range = (0..$#$cols);
2054 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - most likely this is not necessary at all
2055 # confirm with dbi-dev whether explicit stringification is needed
2057 # forcibly stringify whatever is stringifiable
2058 # ResultSet::populate() hands us a copy - safe to mangle
2059 for my $r (0 .. $#$data) {
2060 for my $c (0 .. $#{$data->[$r]}) {
2061 $data->[$r][$c] = "$data->[$r][$c]"
2062 if ( length ref $data->[$r][$c] and overload::Method($data->[$r][$c], '""') );
2066 my $colinfos = $source->columns_info($cols);
2068 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} =
2069 (first { $_->{is_auto_increment} } values %$colinfos)
2074 # get a slice type index based on first row of data
2075 # a "column" in this context may refer to more than one bind value
2076 # e.g. \[ '?, ?', [...], [...] ]
2078 # construct the value type index - a description of values types for every
2079 # per-column slice of $data:
2081 # nonexistent - nonbind literal
2083 # [] of bindattrs - resolved attribute(s) of bind(s) passed via literal+bind \[] combo
2085 # also construct the column hash to pass to the SQL generator. For plain
2086 # (non literal) values - convert the members of the first row into a
2087 # literal+bind combo, with extra positional info in the bind attr hashref.
2088 # This will allow us to match the order properly, and is so contrived
2089 # because a user-supplied literal/bind (or something else specific to a
2090 # resultsource and/or storage driver) can inject extra binds along the
2091 # way, so one can't rely on "shift positions" ordering at all. Also we
2092 # can't just hand SQLA a set of some known "values" (e.g. hashrefs that
2093 # can be later matched up by address), because we want to supply a real
2094 # value on which perhaps e.g. datatype checks will be performed
2095 my ($proto_data, $value_type_by_col_idx);
2096 for my $i (@col_range) {
2097 my $colname = $cols->[$i];
2098 if (ref $data->[0][$i] eq 'SCALAR') {
2099 # no bind value at all - no type
2101 $proto_data->{$colname} = $data->[0][$i];
2103 elsif (ref $data->[0][$i] eq 'REF' and ref ${$data->[0][$i]} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
2104 # repack, so we don't end up mangling the original \[]
2105 my ($sql, @bind) = @${$data->[0][$i]};
2107 # normalization of user supplied stuff
2108 my $resolved_bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2109 $source, \@bind, $colinfos,
2112 # store value-less (attrs only) bind info - we will be comparing all
2113 # supplied binds against this for sanity
2114 $value_type_by_col_idx->{$i} = [ map { $_->[0] } @$resolved_bind ];
2116 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ $sql, map { [
2117 # inject slice order to use for $proto_bind construction
2118 { %{$resolved_bind->[$_][0]}, _bind_data_slice_idx => $i, _literal_bind_subindex => $_+1 }
2120 $resolved_bind->[$_][1]
2125 $value_type_by_col_idx->{$i} = undef;
2127 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ '?', [
2128 { dbic_colname => $colname, _bind_data_slice_idx => $i }
2135 my ($sql, $proto_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
2141 if (! @$proto_bind and keys %$value_type_by_col_idx) {
2142 # if the bindlist is empty and we had some dynamic binds, this means the
2143 # storage ate them away (e.g. the NoBindVars component) and interpolated
2144 # them directly into the SQL. This obviously can't be good for multi-inserts
2145 $self->throw_exception('Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders');
2149 # FIXME - devise a flag "no babysitting" or somesuch to shut this off
2151 # use an error reporting closure for convenience (less to pass)
2152 my $bad_slice_report_cref = sub {
2153 my ($msg, $r_idx, $c_idx) = @_;
2154 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
2158 require Data::Dumper::Concise;
2159 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 5;
2160 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper ({
2161 map { $cols->[$_] =>
2169 for my $col_idx (@col_range) {
2170 my $reference_val = $data->[0][$col_idx];
2172 for my $row_idx (1..$#$data) { # we are comparing against what we got from [0] above, hence start from 1
2173 my $val = $data->[$row_idx][$col_idx];
2175 if (! exists $value_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx}) { # literal no binds
2176 if (ref $val ne 'SCALAR') {
2177 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2178 "Incorrect value (expecting SCALAR-ref \\'$$reference_val')",
2183 elsif ($$val ne $$reference_val) {
2184 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2185 "Inconsistent literal SQL value (expecting \\'$$reference_val')",
2191 elsif (! defined $value_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} ) { # regular non-literal value
2192 if (ref $val eq 'SCALAR' or (ref $val eq 'REF' and ref $$val eq 'ARRAY') ) {
2193 $bad_slice_report_cref->("Literal SQL found where a plain bind value is expected", $row_idx, $col_idx);
2196 else { # binds from a \[], compare type and attrs
2197 if (ref $val ne 'REF' or ref $$val ne 'ARRAY') {
2198 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2199 "Incorrect value (expecting ARRAYREF-ref \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2204 # start drilling down and bail out early on identical refs
2206 $reference_val != $val
2208 $$reference_val != $$val
2210 if (${$val}->[0] ne ${$reference_val}->[0]) {
2211 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2212 "Inconsistent literal/bind SQL (expecting \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2217 # need to check the bind attrs - a bind will happen only once for
2218 # the entire dataset, so any changes further down will be ignored.
2219 elsif (! Data::Compare::Compare(
2220 $value_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx},
2224 @{$self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2225 $source, [ @{$$val}[1 .. $#$$val] ], $colinfos,
2229 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2230 'Differing bind attributes on literal/bind values not supported',
2240 # neither _dbh_execute_for_fetch, nor _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds
2241 # are atomic (even if execute_for_fetch is a single call). Thus a safety
2243 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
2245 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[undef => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2246 my $sth = $self->_prepare_sth($self->_dbh, $sql);
2249 # proto bind contains the information on which pieces of $data to pull
2250 # $cols is passed in only for prettier error-reporting
2251 $self->_dbh_execute_for_fetch( $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data );
2254 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
2255 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
2259 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[ undef => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2263 return wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$proto_bind) : $rv;
2266 # execute_for_fetch is capable of returning data just fine (it means it
2267 # can be used for INSERT...RETURNING and UPDATE...RETURNING. Since this
2268 # is the void-populate fast-path we will just ignore this altogether
2269 # for the time being.
2270 sub _dbh_execute_for_fetch {
2271 my ($self, $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data) = @_;
2273 my @idx_range = ( 0 .. $#$proto_bind );
2275 # If we have any bind attributes to take care of, we will bind the
2276 # proto-bind data (which will never be used by execute_for_fetch)
2277 # However since column bindtypes are "sticky", this is sufficient
2278 # to get the DBD to apply the bindtype to all values later on
2280 my $bind_attrs = $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($source, $proto_bind);
2282 for my $i (@idx_range) {
2284 $i+1, # DBI bind indexes are 1-based
2285 $proto_bind->[$i][1],
2287 ) if defined $bind_attrs->[$i];
2290 # At this point $data slots named in the _bind_data_slice_idx of
2291 # each piece of $proto_bind are either \[]s or plain values to be
2292 # passed in. Construct the dispensing coderef. *NOTE* the order
2293 # of $data will differ from this of the ?s in the SQL (due to
2294 # alphabetical ordering by colname). We actually do want to
2295 # preserve this behavior so that prepare_cached has a better
2296 # chance of matching on unrelated calls
2298 my $fetch_row_idx = -1; # saner loop this way
2299 my $fetch_tuple = sub {
2300 return undef if ++$fetch_row_idx > $#$data;
2302 return [ map { defined $_->{_literal_bind_subindex}
2303 ? ${ $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]}
2304 ->[ $_->{_literal_bind_subindex} ]
2306 : $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]
2307 } map { $_->[0] } @$proto_bind];
2310 my $tuple_status = [];
2313 $rv = $sth->execute_for_fetch(
2322 # Not all DBDs are create equal. Some throw on error, some return
2323 # an undef $rv, and some set $sth->err - try whatever we can
2324 $err = ($sth->errstr || 'UNKNOWN ERROR ($sth->errstr is unset)') if (
2327 ( !defined $rv or $sth->err )
2330 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
2335 $err = shift unless defined $err
2340 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
2342 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
2343 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
2345 require Data::Dumper::Concise;
2346 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "execute_for_fetch() aborted with '%s' at populate slice:\n%s",
2347 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
2348 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper( { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) } ),
2355 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
2356 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
2360 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2361 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2362 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2364 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
2370 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
2375 $err = shift unless defined $err;
2378 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
2384 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2385 shift->_execute('update', @_);
2390 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2391 shift->_execute('delete', @_);
2396 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
2399 sub _select_args_to_query {
2402 $self->throw_exception(
2403 "Unable to generate limited query representation with 'software_limit' enabled"
2404 ) if ($_[3]->{software_limit} and ($_[3]->{offset} or $_[3]->{rows}) );
2406 # my ($op, $ident, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
2407 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
2408 my ($op, $ident, @args) =
2409 $self->_select_args(@_);
2411 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
2412 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, \@args);
2414 # reuse the bind arrayref
2415 unshift @{$bind}, "($sql)";
2420 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $orig_attrs) = @_;
2422 # FIXME - that kind of caching would be nice to have
2423 # however currently we *may* pass the same $orig_attrs
2424 # with different ident/select/where
2425 # the whole interface needs to be rethought, since it
2426 # was centered around the flawed SQLA API. We can do
2427 # soooooo much better now. But that is also another
2430 # 'select', $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!}
2431 #) if $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!};
2433 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
2434 my $alias2source = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
2442 # limit dialects use this stuff
2443 # yes, some CDBICompat crap does not supply an {alias} >.<
2444 ( $orig_attrs->{alias} and $alias2source->{$orig_attrs->{alias}} )
2445 ? ( _rsroot_rsrc => $alias2source->{$orig_attrs->{alias}} )
2450 # Sanity check the attributes (SQLMaker does it too, but
2451 # in case of a software_limit we'll never reach there)
2452 if (defined $attrs->{offset}) {
2453 $self->throw_exception('A supplied offset attribute must be a non-negative integer')
2454 if ( $attrs->{offset} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{offset} < 0 );
2457 if (defined $attrs->{rows}) {
2458 $self->throw_exception("The rows attribute must be a positive integer if present")
2459 if ( $attrs->{rows} =~ /\D/ or $attrs->{rows} <= 0 );
2461 elsif ($attrs->{offset}) {
2462 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2463 $attrs->{rows} = $sql_maker->__max_int;
2466 # see if we will need to tear the prefetch apart to satisfy group_by == select
2467 # this is *extremely tricky* to get right, I am still not sure I did
2469 my ($prefetch_needs_subquery, @limit_args);
2471 if ( $attrs->{_grouped_by_distinct} and $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2472 # we already know there is a valid group_by (we made it) and we know it is
2473 # intended to be based *only* on non-multi stuff
2474 # short circuit the group_by parsing below
2475 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2478 # The rationale is that even if we do *not* have collapse, we still
2479 # need to wrap the core grouped select/group_by in a subquery
2480 # so that databases that care about group_by/select equivalence
2481 # are happy (this includes MySQL in strict_mode)
2482 # If any of the other joined tables are referenced in the group_by
2483 # however - the user is on their own
2484 ( $prefetch_needs_subquery or $attrs->{_related_results_construction} )
2488 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2490 my $grp_aliases = try { # try{} because $attrs->{from} may be unreadable
2491 $self->_resolve_aliastypes_from_select_args({ from => $attrs->{from}, group_by => $attrs->{group_by} })
2494 # no aliases other than our own in group_by
2495 # if there are - do not allow subquery even if limit is present
2496 $prefetch_needs_subquery = ! scalar grep { $_ ne $attrs->{alias} } keys %{ $grp_aliases->{grouping} || {} };
2498 elsif ( $attrs->{rows} && $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2499 # active collapse with a limit - that one is a no-brainer unless
2500 # overruled by a group_by above
2501 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2504 if ($prefetch_needs_subquery) {
2505 $attrs = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($attrs);
2507 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2509 $attrs->{rows} || (),
2510 $attrs->{offset} || (),
2514 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2516 ! $prefetch_needs_subquery # already pruned
2520 reftype $attrs->{from} eq 'ARRAY'
2522 @{$attrs->{from}} != 1
2524 ($attrs->{from}, $attrs->{_aliastypes}) = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($attrs);
2527 # FIXME this is a gross, inefficient, largely incorrect and fragile hack
2528 # during the result inflation stage we *need* to know what was the aliastype
2529 # map as sqla saw it when the final pieces of SQL were being assembled
2530 # Originally we simply carried around the entirety of $attrs, but this
2531 # resulted in resultsets that are being reused growing continuously, as
2532 # the hash in question grew deeper and deeper.
2533 # Instead hand-pick what to take with us here (we actually don't need much
2534 # at this point just the map itself)
2535 $orig_attrs->{_last_sqlmaker_alias_map} = $attrs->{_aliastypes};
2538 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $attrs->{where}
2539 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2540 # expect a result object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2541 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2543 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2544 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2547 return ( 'select', @{$attrs}{qw(from select where)}, $attrs, @limit_args );
2550 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2551 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2552 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2553 # sense as a performance optimization
2555 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2556 return { count => '*' };
2563 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2567 Handle a SQL select statement.
2573 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2574 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2579 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2580 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2581 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2582 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2583 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2585 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2590 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2592 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2593 storage driver. Can be overridden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2594 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2595 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2599 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2600 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2602 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
2606 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2607 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2609 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2611 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2612 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2613 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2614 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2615 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2616 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2618 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2623 return \%result if !$caught && scalar keys %result;
2627 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2629 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2630 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2632 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2633 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2634 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2636 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2637 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2638 $column_info{size} = $2;
2641 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2645 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2646 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2647 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2649 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2650 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2651 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2652 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2659 sub columns_info_for {
2660 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2661 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2664 =head2 last_insert_id
2666 Return the row id of the last insert.
2670 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2671 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2673 my $id = try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2675 return $id if defined $id;
2677 my $class = ref $self;
2678 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2681 sub last_insert_id {
2683 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2686 =head2 _native_data_type
2690 =item Arguments: $type_name
2694 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2695 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2696 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2698 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2699 you need this functionality.
2701 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2702 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2704 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2705 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2707 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2708 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2712 sub _native_data_type {
2713 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2717 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2718 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2720 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2722 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2723 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2725 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2726 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2727 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2735 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2737 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2739 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2742 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2743 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2744 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2745 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2755 Returns the database driver name.
2760 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2763 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2765 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2766 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2767 let the database planner just handle it.
2769 This method is always called after the driver has been determined and a DBI
2770 connection has been established. Therefore you can refer to C<DBI::$constant>
2771 and/or C<DBD::$driver::$constant> directly, without worrying about loading
2772 the correct modules.
2776 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2780 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2782 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2783 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2784 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2785 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2786 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2790 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2791 #my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2793 return 0 unless $_[1];
2796 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2801 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2805 =item Arguments: $schema, \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2809 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2810 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2811 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2813 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2814 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2815 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2816 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2818 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2819 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2820 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2821 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2823 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2824 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2825 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2826 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_identifiers>.
2828 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2832 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2834 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2836 =item directory - './'
2838 =item preversion - <none>
2842 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2844 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2846 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2847 hashref like the following
2849 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2852 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2857 sub create_ddl_dir {
2858 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2861 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2866 (require File::Path and File::Path::mkpath (["$dir"])) # mkpath does not like objects (i.e. Path::Class::Dir)
2868 $self->throw_exception(
2869 "Failed to create '$dir': " . ($! || $@ || 'error unknown')
2873 $self->throw_exception ("Directory '$dir' does not exist\n") unless(-d $dir);
2875 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2876 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2878 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2879 $version ||= $schema_version;
2882 add_drop_table => 1,
2883 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2884 ignore_index_names => 1,
2888 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy')) {
2889 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
2892 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2894 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2895 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2896 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2898 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2900 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2901 $sqlt->producer($db);
2904 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2905 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2906 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2907 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2911 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2913 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2916 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2917 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2920 print $file $output;
2923 next unless ($preversion);
2925 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2927 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2928 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2929 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2933 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2935 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2941 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2946 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2948 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2949 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2951 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2953 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2954 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2957 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2958 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2959 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2960 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2962 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2963 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2968 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2970 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2971 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2973 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2975 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2976 unless $dest_schema->name;
2979 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2983 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2984 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2992 =head2 deployment_statements
2996 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
3000 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
3002 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
3003 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
3005 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
3006 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
3007 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
3009 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
3010 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
3012 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
3016 sub deployment_statements {
3017 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
3018 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
3019 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
3021 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
3024 # FIXME replace this block when a proper sane sql parser is available
3026 open($file, "<$filename")
3027 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
3030 return join('', @rows);
3033 unless (DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_ok_for ('deploy') ) {
3034 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a ddl_dir or " . DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') );
3037 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicity allow at top level
3039 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
3040 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
3042 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
3043 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
3045 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
3049 return preserve_context {
3052 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
3053 unless defined $_[0];
3057 # FIXME deploy() currently does not accurately report sql errors
3058 # Will always return true while errors are warned
3060 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
3064 return if($line =~ /^--/);
3065 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
3066 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
3067 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
3068 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
3069 $self->_query_start($line);
3071 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
3072 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
3073 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
3075 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
3077 $self->_query_end($line);
3079 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
3080 if (@statements > 1) {
3081 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
3082 $deploy->( $statement );
3085 elsif (@statements == 1) {
3086 # split on single line comments and end of statements
3087 foreach my $line ( split(/\s*--.*\n|;\n/, $statements[0])) {
3093 =head2 datetime_parser
3095 Returns the datetime parser class
3099 sub datetime_parser {
3101 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
3102 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
3106 =head2 datetime_parser_type
3108 Defines the datetime parser class - currently defaults to L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
3110 =head2 build_datetime_parser
3112 See L</datetime_parser>
3116 sub build_datetime_parser {
3118 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
3123 =head2 is_replicating
3125 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
3126 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
3127 returned by databases that don't support replication.
3131 sub is_replicating {
3136 =head2 lag_behind_master
3138 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
3139 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
3140 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
3144 sub lag_behind_master {
3148 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
3152 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
3154 =item Return Value: $alias
3158 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
3161 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
3162 way these aliases are named.
3164 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
3165 otherwise C<"$relname">.
3169 sub relname_to_table_alias {
3170 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
3172 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
3173 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
3178 # The size in bytes to use for DBI's ->bind_param_inout, this is the generic
3179 # version and it may be necessary to amend or override it for a specific storage
3180 # if such binds are necessary.
3181 sub _max_column_bytesize {
3182 my ($self, $attr) = @_;
3186 if ($attr->{sqlt_datatype}) {
3187 my $data_type = lc($attr->{sqlt_datatype});
3189 if ($attr->{sqlt_size}) {
3191 # String/sized-binary types
3192 if ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3193 l? (?:var)? char(?:acter)? (?:\s*varying)?
3195 (?:var)? binary (?:\s*varying)?
3200 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size};
3202 # Other charset/unicode types, assume scale of 4
3203 elsif ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3204 national \s* character (?:\s*varying)?
3213 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size} * 4;
3217 if (!$max_size and !$self->_is_lob_type($data_type)) {
3218 $max_size = 100 # for all other (numeric?) datatypes
3222 $max_size || $self->_dbic_connect_attributes->{LongReadLen} || $self->_get_dbh->{LongReadLen} || 8000;
3225 # Determine if a data_type is some type of BLOB
3227 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3228 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /lob|bfile|text|image|bytea|memo/i
3229 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary
3230 |varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3231 |national\s*character\s*varying))?\z/xi);
3234 sub _is_binary_lob_type {
3235 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3236 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /blob|bfile|image|bytea/i
3237 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary))?\z/xi);
3240 sub _is_text_lob_type {
3241 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3242 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /^(?:clob|memo)\z/i
3243 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3244 |national\s*character\s*varying))\z/xi);
3247 # Determine if a data_type is some type of a binary type
3248 sub _is_binary_type {
3249 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3250 $data_type && ($self->_is_binary_lob_type($data_type)
3251 || $data_type =~ /(?:var)?(?:binary|bit|graphic)(?:\s*varying)?/i);
3258 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
3260 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
3261 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
3262 (the default) combined with L<txn_do|DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_do> for
3263 transaction support.
3265 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
3266 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
3267 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
3268 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
3269 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
3270 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
3271 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
3275 =head1 AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS
3277 See L<AUTHOR|DBIx::Class/AUTHOR> and L<CONTRIBUTORS|DBIx::Class/CONTRIBUTORS> in DBIx::Class
3281 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.