4 use base 'Catalyst::Base';
6 use UNIVERSAL::require;
7 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
11 use Catalyst::Response;
14 use Text::SimpleTable;
16 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
18 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
21 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
22 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace/
25 attributes->import( __PACKAGE__, \&namespace, 'lvalue' );
27 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
34 # For backwards compatibility
35 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
40 our $RECURSION = 1000;
41 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
43 require Module::Pluggable::Fast;
45 # Helper script generation
46 our $CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN = 11;
48 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
49 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
50 engine_class context_class request_class response_class/;
52 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
53 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
54 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
55 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
57 our $VERSION = '5.49_04';
60 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
62 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
64 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
66 my $caller = caller(0);
68 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
70 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class;
73 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
79 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
83 # use the helper to start a new application
86 # add models, views, controllers
87 script/myapp_create.pl model Database DBIC dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
88 script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
89 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
91 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
92 script/myapp_server.pl
94 # command line testing interface
95 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
98 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
100 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
101 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/on you/ for /foo/on/you
102 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt';
103 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
104 $c->stash->{data} = MyApp::Model::Database::Foo->search;
105 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
106 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
107 # do something else after forward returns
111 # The foo.tt TT template can easily use the stash data from the database
112 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
116 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
117 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
119 # called for / and only /, no other args
120 sub baz : Path { ... }
122 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller inwards
124 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
126 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
127 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
132 # called after the main action is finished
134 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
135 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
136 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
137 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
140 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
141 # called for /foo/bar
142 sub bar : Local { ... }
144 # overrides /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
145 sub index : Path { ... }
147 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
148 # called for /foo/bar/baz
149 sub baz : Local { ... }
151 # first MyApp auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
152 sub auto : Private { ... }
154 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
155 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
156 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
157 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
158 my $product = $c->req->snippets->[0];
161 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
165 The key concept of Catalyst is DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
167 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
169 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use Catalyst" statement.
170 Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the plugin name, i.e.,
171 C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes C<My::Module>.
173 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
175 Special flags like -Debug and -Engine can also be specified as arguments when
178 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
180 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because they are
181 loaded in exactly the order that they appear.
183 The following flags are supported:
189 Enables debug output.
193 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine.
194 Omit the C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
196 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
200 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory.
210 =head2 Information about the current request
216 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which stringifies to the action name.
220 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the uri prefix corresponding to the
221 controller of the current action.
227 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object.
233 =head2 Processing and response to the current request
237 =item $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
239 =item $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
241 Forwards processing to a private action. If you give a class name but
242 no method, process() is called. You may also optionally pass arguments
243 in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in @_ and $c->req->args.
244 Upon returning from the function, $c->req->args will be restored to the previous
248 $c->forward('index');
249 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::CDBI::Foo do_stuff/);
250 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
254 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
256 =item $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
258 =item $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
260 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return.
264 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
268 =item $c->error($error, ...)
270 =item $c->error($arrayref)
272 Returns an arrayref containing error messages.
274 my @error = @{ $c->error };
278 $c->error('Something bad happened');
289 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
290 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
292 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
293 return $c->{error} || [];
300 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object.
306 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass it
307 between components. You can also set hash keys by passing arguments. The
308 stash is automatically sent to the view.
310 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
311 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
312 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
314 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
315 $c->forward( 'MyApp::V::TT' );
322 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
323 while ( my ( $key, $val ) = each %$stash ) {
324 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $val;
332 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
336 =head2 Component Accessors
340 =item $c->comp($name)
342 =item $c->component($name)
344 Gets a component object by name. This method is no longer recommended.
345 $c->controller, $c->model, and $c->view should be used instead.
356 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
359 $name, "${appclass}::${name}",
360 map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" } qw/M V C/
363 foreach my $try (@names) {
365 if ( exists $c->components->{$try} ) {
367 return $c->components->{$try};
371 foreach my $component ( keys %{ $c->components } ) {
373 return $c->components->{$component} if $component =~ /$name/i;
378 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
381 =item $c->controller($name)
383 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
385 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
390 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
391 my $controller = $c->comp("Controller::$name");
392 return $controller if $controller;
393 return $c->comp("C::$name");
396 =item $c->model($name)
398 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
400 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
405 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
406 my $model = $c->comp("Model::$name");
407 return $model if $model;
408 return $c->comp("M::$name");
411 =item $c->view($name)
413 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
415 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
420 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
421 my $view = $c->comp("View::$name");
422 return $view if $view;
423 return $c->comp("V::$name");
428 =head2 Class data and helper classes
434 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
436 __PACKAGE__->config({ db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' });
440 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
448 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name.
452 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name.
456 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst sets this up with a
457 L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class:
459 $c->log( MyLogger->new );
460 $c->log->info( 'now logging with my own logger!' );
462 Your log class should implement the methods described in the L<Catalyst::Log>
469 =head2 Utility methods
473 =item $c->path_to(@path)
475 Merges C<@path> with $c->config->{home} and returns a L<Path::Class> object.
479 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
484 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
485 my $path = dir( $c->config->{home}, @path );
486 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
487 else { return file( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
490 =item $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
492 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and loads
493 and instantiates the given class.
495 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
497 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
502 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
505 if ( my $error = $UNIVERSAL::require::ERROR ) {
506 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
507 message => qq/Couldn't load instant plugin "$plugin", "$error"/ );
510 eval { $plugin->import };
511 $class->mk_classdata($name);
513 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
516 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
517 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
521 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
527 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
528 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array of
529 plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the 'use Catalyst'
533 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
538 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
540 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
542 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
543 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
546 if ( $class->arguments ) {
547 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
553 foreach (@arguments) {
557 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
559 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
560 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
563 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
567 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
568 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
569 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
570 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
571 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
573 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
575 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
576 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
579 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
584 <<"EOF") if ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) );
585 You are running an old script!
587 Please update by running:
588 catalyst.pl -nonew -scripts $class
591 if ( $class->debug ) {
597 @plugins = grep { /^Catalyst::Plugin/ } @{"$class\::ISA"};
601 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(76);
602 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
603 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw );
606 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
607 my $engine = $class->engine;
608 my $home = $class->config->{home};
610 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
611 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
615 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
616 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
617 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
622 no warnings qw/redefine/;
623 local *setup = sub { };
627 # Initialize our data structure
628 $class->components( {} );
630 $class->setup_components;
632 if ( $class->debug ) {
633 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 65, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
634 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
635 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
636 $t->row( $comp, $type );
638 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw )
639 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
642 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
643 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
645 $class->setup_actions;
647 if ( $class->debug ) {
648 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
649 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
651 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
654 =item $c->uri_for( $path, [ @args ] )
656 Merges path with $c->request->base for absolute uri's and with
657 $c->request->match for relative uri's, then returns a normalized
658 L<URI> object. If any args are passed, they are added at the end
664 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
665 my $base = $c->request->base->clone;
666 my $basepath = $base->path;
667 $basepath =~ s/\/$//;
669 my $match = $c->request->match;
671 # massage match, empty if absolute path
673 $match .= '/' if $match;
675 $match = '' if $path =~ /^\//;
678 # join args with '/', or a blank string
679 my $args = ( scalar @args ? '/' . join( '/', @args ) : '' );
680 return URI->new_abs( URI->new_abs( "$path$args", "$basepath$match" ),
684 =item $c->welcome_message
686 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
690 sub welcome_message {
692 my $name = $c->config->{name};
693 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
694 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
695 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
697 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
698 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
699 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
701 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
702 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
703 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
704 <style type="text/css">
707 background-color: #eee;
716 background-color: #ccc;
717 border: 1px solid #aaa;
718 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
723 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
726 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
729 text-decoration: none;
731 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
733 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
746 background-color: #fff;
747 border: 1px solid #aaa;
748 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
774 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
779 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
781 <p>Welcome to the wonderful world of Catalyst.
782 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
783 framework will make web development something you had
784 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding and quick.</p>
785 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
786 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
787 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
788 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
789 you might want to check out the documentation.</p>
790 <pre><code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
791 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual.pod">Catalyst::Manual</a></code></pre>
792 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
793 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
794 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
795 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a> and
796 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>,
797 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
798 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
799 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
800 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>,
801 you are likely to find what you need there.
805 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
806 get in touch with us.</p>
809 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
812 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
815 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
818 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
819 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
820 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
821 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
831 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
835 =item $c->benchmark( $coderef )
837 Takes a coderef with arguments and returns elapsed time as float.
839 my ( $elapsed, $status ) = $c->benchmark( sub { return 1 } );
840 $c->log->info( sprintf "Processing took %f seconds", $elapsed );
847 my $time = [gettimeofday];
848 my @return = &$code(@_);
849 my $elapsed = tv_interval $time;
850 return wantarray ? ( $elapsed, @return ) : $elapsed;
855 Returns a hash of components.
857 =item $c->context_class
859 Returns or sets the context class.
863 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for deep
864 recursion detection).
868 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
872 Dispatches a request to actions.
876 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
878 =item $c->dispatcher_class
880 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
884 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs that will
885 be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
891 [ Request => $c->req ], [ Response => $c->res ], [ Stash => $c->stash ],;
894 =item $c->engine_class
896 Returns or sets the engine class.
898 =item $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
900 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
906 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
907 $class = $c->components->{$class} || $class;
911 ( caller(0) )[0]->isa('Catalyst::Action')
918 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /\-\>/;
919 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
921 if ( $c->counter->{"$code"} > $RECURSION ) {
922 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected in "$action"/;
923 $c->log->error($error);
929 $action = "-> $action" if $callsub =~ /forward$/;
931 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
935 my ( $elapsed, @state ) =
936 $c->benchmark( $code, $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } );
937 unless ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
938 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) )
940 push @{ $c->{stats} }, [ $action, sprintf( '%fs', $elapsed ) ];
945 $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 );
948 pop( @{ $c->stack } );
950 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
952 if ( $error eq $DETACH ) { die $DETACH if $c->depth > 1 }
954 unless ( ref $error ) {
956 $error = qq/Caught exception "$error"/;
967 Finalizes the request.
974 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
975 $c->log->error($error);
978 $c->finalize_uploads;
981 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
985 $c->finalize_headers;
988 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
989 $c->response->body('');
994 return $c->response->status;
997 =item $c->finalize_body
1003 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1005 =item $c->finalize_cookies
1011 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1013 =item $c->finalize_error
1019 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1021 =item $c->finalize_headers
1027 sub finalize_headers {
1030 # Check if we already finalized headers
1031 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1034 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1035 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1036 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1040 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1041 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1045 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1046 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1047 $c->response->body('');
1050 $c->finalize_cookies;
1052 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1055 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1058 =item $c->finalize_output
1060 An alias for finalize_body.
1062 =item $c->finalize_read
1064 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1068 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1070 =item $c->finalize_uploads
1072 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1076 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1078 =item $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1080 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1084 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1086 =item $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1088 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent namespaces.
1092 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1094 =item handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1096 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1100 sub handle_request {
1101 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1103 # Always expect worst case!
1109 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1110 $c->{stats} = \@stats;
1112 return $c->finalize;
1115 if ( $class->debug ) {
1117 ( $elapsed, $status ) = $class->benchmark($handler);
1118 $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $elapsed;
1119 my $av = sprintf '%.3f',
1120 ( $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : ( 1 / $elapsed ) );
1121 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 64, 'Action' ], [ 9, 'Time' ] );
1123 for my $stat (@stats) { $t->row( $stat->[0], $stat->[1] ) }
1125 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $t->draw );
1127 else { $status = &$handler }
1131 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1133 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1137 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1141 =item $c->prepare( @arguments )
1143 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request
1144 (Apache, CGI, etc.).
1149 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1151 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1152 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1156 request => $class->request_class->new(
1159 body_parameters => {},
1161 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1163 query_parameters => {},
1169 response => $class->response_class->new(
1173 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1182 # For on-demand data
1183 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1184 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1185 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1186 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1189 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1190 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1191 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1192 $c->log->debug("* Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$]");
1193 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1194 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1197 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1198 $c->prepare_connection;
1199 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1200 $c->prepare_headers;
1201 $c->prepare_cookies;
1205 $c->prepare_body unless $c->config->{parse_on_demand};
1208 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1209 my $path = $c->req->path || '';
1210 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1212 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from $address/)
1218 =item $c->prepare_action
1224 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1226 =item $c->prepare_body
1228 Prepares message body.
1235 # Do we run for the first time?
1236 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1238 # Initialize on-demand data
1239 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1240 $c->prepare_parameters;
1241 $c->prepare_uploads;
1243 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1244 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1245 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1246 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1247 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1249 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1251 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1255 =item $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1257 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1261 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1263 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1266 =item $c->prepare_body_parameters
1268 Prepares body parameters.
1272 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1274 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1277 =item $c->prepare_connection
1279 Prepares connection.
1283 sub prepare_connection {
1285 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1288 =item $c->prepare_cookies
1294 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1296 =item $c->prepare_headers
1302 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1304 =item $c->prepare_parameters
1306 Prepares parameters.
1310 sub prepare_parameters {
1312 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1313 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1316 =item $c->prepare_path
1318 Prepares path and base.
1322 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1324 =item $c->prepare_query_parameters
1326 Prepares query parameters.
1330 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1333 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1335 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1336 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1337 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1338 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1339 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1341 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1343 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1347 =item $c->prepare_read
1349 Prepares the input for reading.
1353 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1355 =item $c->prepare_request
1357 Prepares the engine request.
1361 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1363 =item $c->prepare_uploads
1369 sub prepare_uploads {
1372 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1374 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1375 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1381 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1382 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1383 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1384 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1387 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1391 =item $c->prepare_write
1393 Prepares the output for writing.
1397 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1399 =item $c->request_class
1401 Returns or sets the request class.
1403 =item $c->response_class
1405 Returns or sets the response class.
1407 =item $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1409 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to be
1410 used in a while loop, reading $maxlength bytes on every call. $maxlength
1411 defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1413 You have to set MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} to use this directly.
1417 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1425 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1427 =item $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1429 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1433 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1435 =item $c->setup_actions($component)
1437 Sets up actions for a component.
1441 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1443 =item $c->setup_components
1449 sub setup_components {
1452 my $callback = sub {
1453 my ( $component, $context ) = @_;
1455 unless ( $component->isa('Catalyst::Component') ) {
1459 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix($component);
1460 my $config = $class->config->{$suffix} || {};
1464 eval { $instance = $component->new( $context, $config ); };
1466 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1470 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1471 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/ );
1474 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1475 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "new() didn't return a object"/
1477 unless ref $instance;
1482 Module::Pluggable::Fast->import(
1483 name => '_catalyst_components',
1485 "$class\::Controller", "$class\::C",
1486 "$class\::Model", "$class\::M",
1487 "$class\::View", "$class\::V"
1489 callback => $callback
1493 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1497 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1498 message => qq/Couldn't load components "$error"/ );
1501 for my $component ( $class->_catalyst_components($class) ) {
1502 $class->components->{ ref $component || $component } = $component;
1506 =item $c->setup_dispatcher
1510 sub setup_dispatcher {
1511 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
1514 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
1517 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER} ) {
1518 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER};
1521 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' } ) {
1523 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' };
1526 unless ($dispatcher) {
1527 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
1530 $dispatcher->require;
1533 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1534 message => qq/Couldn't load dispatcher "$dispatcher", "$@"/ );
1537 # dispatcher instance
1538 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
1541 =item $c->setup_engine
1546 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
1549 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
1552 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE} ) {
1553 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE};
1556 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' } ) {
1557 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' };
1560 if ( !$engine && $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
1562 # create the apache method
1565 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
1568 my ( $software, $version ) =
1569 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
1572 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
1574 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
1576 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
1577 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
1580 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1581 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
1584 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
1585 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
1589 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1590 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1593 # install the correct mod_perl handler
1594 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1595 *handler = sub : method {
1596 shift->handle_request(@_);
1600 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
1605 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
1606 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
1610 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1611 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1616 $engine = $class->engine_class;
1622 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1623 qq/Couldn't load engine "$engine" (maybe you forgot to install it?), "$@"/
1627 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
1629 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
1630 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
1635 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
1636 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
1641 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
1642 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1647 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
1648 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1654 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1655 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
1660 $class->engine( $engine->new );
1663 =item $c->setup_home
1668 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
1670 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_HOME} ) {
1671 $home = $ENV{CATALYST_HOME};
1674 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' } ) {
1675 $home = $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' };
1679 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
1683 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
1684 $class->config->{root} ||= dir($home)->subdir('root');
1693 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
1695 unless ( $class->log ) {
1696 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
1699 my $app_flag = Catalyst::Utils::class2env($class) . '_DEBUG';
1702 ( defined( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} ) || defined( $ENV{$app_flag} ) )
1703 ? ( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} || $ENV{$app_flag} )
1708 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
1709 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
1713 =item $c->setup_plugins
1718 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
1721 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
1723 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
1728 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1729 message => qq/Couldn't load plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1734 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
1743 =item $c->write( $data )
1745 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you will
1746 need to manually set the Content-Length header to the length of your output
1754 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
1755 $c->finalize_headers;
1757 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
1762 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by" messages
1763 in template systems.
1767 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
1771 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
1773 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>
1774 C<_ACTION> and C<_END>, these are by default not shown in the private
1777 But you can deactivate this with a config parameter.
1779 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
1781 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
1783 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> becomes
1786 But you can activate case sensitivity with a config parameter.
1788 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
1790 So C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> becomes C</Foo/Bar>.
1792 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
1794 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
1795 but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit
1796 you can enable on-demand parsing with a config parameter.
1798 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
1800 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
1802 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach, with
1803 a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger backend
1804 server. An application running on the backend server must deal with two
1805 problems: the remote user always appears to be '127.0.0.1' and the server's
1806 hostname will appear to be 'localhost' regardless of the virtual host the
1807 user connected through.
1809 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running both
1810 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following changes
1811 are made to the request.
1813 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from the
1814 HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR header.
1816 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real host,
1817 as read from the HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST header.
1819 Obviously, your web server must support these 2 headers for this to work.
1821 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your frontend
1822 proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a configuration
1823 option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the headers.
1825 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1827 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
1829 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1831 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
1833 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading mpm_worker, mpm_winnt,
1834 and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We believe the Catalyst
1835 core to be thread-safe.
1837 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
1838 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
1839 DBD::SQLite, are not thread-safe.
1845 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
1849 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
1850 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
1854 http://catalyst.perl.org
1858 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
1864 =item L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
1866 =item L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
1868 =item L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core Engine
1870 =item L<Catalyst::Log> - The Log Class.
1872 =item L<Catalyst::Request> - The Request Object
1874 =item L<Catalyst::Response> - The Response Object
1876 =item L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
1946 Sebastian Riedel, C<sri@oook.de>
1950 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1951 the same terms as Perl itself.