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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
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3 | Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authentication - Catalyst Tutorial - Part 5: Authentication |
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4 | |
5 | |
6 | =head1 OVERVIEW |
7 | |
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8 | This is B<Part 5 of 10> for the Catalyst tutorial. |
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9 | |
10 | L<Tutorial Overview|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> |
11 | |
12 | =over 4 |
13 | |
14 | =item 1 |
15 | |
16 | L<Introduction|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Intro> |
17 | |
18 | =item 2 |
19 | |
20 | L<Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::CatalystBasics> |
21 | |
22 | =item 3 |
23 | |
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24 | L<More Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::MoreCatalystBasics> |
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25 | |
26 | =item 4 |
27 | |
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28 | L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::BasicCRUD> |
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29 | |
30 | =item 5 |
31 | |
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32 | B<Authentication> |
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33 | |
34 | =item 6 |
35 | |
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36 | L<Authorization|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authorization> |
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37 | |
38 | =item 7 |
39 | |
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40 | L<Debugging|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Debugging> |
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41 | |
42 | =item 8 |
43 | |
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44 | L<Testing|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Testing> |
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45 | |
46 | =item 9 |
47 | |
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48 | L<Advanced CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::AdvancedCRUD> |
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49 | |
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50 | =item 10 |
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51 | |
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52 | L<Appendices|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Appendices> |
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53 | |
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54 | =back |
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55 | |
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56 | |
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57 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
58 | |
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59 | Now that we finally have a simple yet functional application, we can |
60 | focus on providing authentication (with authorization coming next in |
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61 | Part 6). |
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62 | |
63 | This part of the tutorial is divided into two main sections: 1) basic, |
64 | cleartext authentication and 2) hash-based authentication. |
65 | |
66 | You can checkout the source code for this example from the catalyst |
67 | subversion repository as per the instructions in |
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68 | L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Intro|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Intro>. |
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69 | |
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70 | |
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71 | =head1 BASIC AUTHENTICATION |
72 | |
73 | This section explores how to add authentication logic to a Catalyst |
74 | application. |
75 | |
76 | |
77 | =head2 Add Users and Roles to the Database |
78 | |
79 | First, we add both user and role information to the database (we will |
80 | add the role information here although it will not be used until the |
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81 | authorization section, Part 6). Create a new SQL script file by opening |
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82 | C<myapp02.sql> in your editor and insert: |
83 | |
84 | -- |
85 | -- Add users and roles tables, along with a many-to-many join table |
86 | -- |
87 | CREATE TABLE users ( |
88 | id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, |
89 | username TEXT, |
90 | password TEXT, |
91 | email_address TEXT, |
92 | first_name TEXT, |
93 | last_name TEXT, |
94 | active INTEGER |
95 | ); |
96 | CREATE TABLE roles ( |
97 | id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, |
98 | role TEXT |
99 | ); |
100 | CREATE TABLE user_roles ( |
101 | user_id INTEGER, |
102 | role_id INTEGER, |
103 | PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role_id) |
104 | ); |
105 | -- |
106 | -- Load up some initial test data |
107 | -- |
108 | INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'test01', 'mypass', 't01@na.com', 'Joe', 'Blow', 1); |
109 | INSERT INTO users VALUES (2, 'test02', 'mypass', 't02@na.com', 'Jane', 'Doe', 1); |
110 | INSERT INTO users VALUES (3, 'test03', 'mypass', 't03@na.com', 'No', 'Go', 0); |
111 | INSERT INTO roles VALUES (1, 'user'); |
112 | INSERT INTO roles VALUES (2, 'admin'); |
113 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 1); |
114 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 2); |
115 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (2, 1); |
116 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (3, 1); |
117 | |
118 | Then load this into the C<myapp.db> database with the following command: |
119 | |
120 | $ sqlite3 myapp.db < myapp02.sql |
121 | |
122 | |
123 | =head2 Add User and Role Information to DBIC Schema |
124 | |
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125 | Although we could manually edit the DBIC schema information to include |
126 | the new tables added in the previous step, let's use the C<create=static> |
127 | option on the DBIC model helper to do most of the work for us: |
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128 | |
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129 | $ script/myapp_create.pl model DB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:myapp.db |
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130 | exists "/root/dev/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/Model" |
131 | exists "/root/dev/MyApp/script/../t" |
132 | Dumping manual schema for MyApp::Schema to directory /root/dev/MyApp/script/../lib ... |
133 | Schema dump completed. |
134 | exists "/root/dev/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/Model/DB.pm" |
135 | $ |
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136 | $ ls lib/MyApp/Schema |
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137 | Authors.pm BookAuthors.pm Books.pm Roles.pm UserRoles.pm Users.pm |
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138 | |
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139 | Notice how the helper has added three new table-specific result source |
140 | files to the C<lib/MyApp/Schema/MyApp> directory. And, more |
141 | importantly, even if there were changes to the existing result source |
142 | files, those changes would have only been written above the C<# DO NOT |
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143 | MODIFY THIS OR ANYTHING ABOVE!> comment and your hand-edited |
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144 | enhancements would have been preserved. |
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145 | |
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146 | Speaking of "hand-edit ted enhancements," we should now add |
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147 | relationship information to the three new result source files. Edit |
148 | each of these files and add the following information between the C<# |
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149 | DO NOT MODIFY THIS OR ANYTHING ABOVE!> comment and the closing C<1;>: |
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150 | |
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151 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema/Users.pm>: |
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152 | |
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153 | # |
154 | # Set relationships: |
155 | # |
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156 | |
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157 | # has_many(): |
158 | # args: |
159 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
160 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
161 | # 3) Column name in *foreign* table |
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162 | __PACKAGE__->has_many(map_user_role => 'MyApp::Schema::UserRoles', 'user_id'); |
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163 | |
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164 | # many_to_many(): |
165 | # args: |
166 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
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167 | # 2) Name of has_many() relationship this many_to_many() is shortcut for |
168 | # 3) Name of belongs_to() relationship in model class of has_many() above |
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169 | # You must already have the has_many() defined to use a many_to_many(). |
170 | __PACKAGE__->many_to_many(roles => 'map_user_role', 'role'); |
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171 | |
172 | |
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173 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema/Roles.pm>: |
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174 | |
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175 | # |
176 | # Set relationships: |
177 | # |
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178 | |
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179 | # has_many(): |
180 | # args: |
181 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
182 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
183 | # 3) Column name in *foreign* table |
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184 | __PACKAGE__->has_many(map_user_role => 'MyApp::Schema::UserRoles', 'role_id'); |
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185 | |
186 | |
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187 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema/UserRoles.pm>: |
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188 | |
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189 | # |
190 | # Set relationships: |
191 | # |
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192 | |
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193 | # belongs_to(): |
194 | # args: |
195 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
196 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
197 | # 3) Column name in *this* table |
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198 | __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(user => 'MyApp::Schema::Users', 'user_id'); |
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199 | |
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200 | # belongs_to(): |
201 | # args: |
202 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
203 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
204 | # 3) Column name in *this* table |
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205 | __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(role => 'MyApp::Schema::Roles', 'role_id'); |
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206 | |
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207 | |
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208 | The code for these three sets of updates is obviously very similar to |
209 | the edits we made to the C<Books>, C<Authors>, and C<BookAuthors> |
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210 | classes created in Part 3. |
211 | |
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212 | Note that we do not need to make any change to the |
213 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema.pm> schema file. It simply tells DBIC to |
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214 | load all of the result class files it finds in below the |
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215 | C<lib/MyApp/Schema> directory, so it will automatically pick |
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216 | up our new table information. |
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217 | |
218 | |
219 | =head2 Sanity-Check Reload of Development Server |
220 | |
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221 | We aren't ready to try out the authentication just yet; we only want |
222 | to do a quick check to be sure our model loads correctly. Press |
223 | C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still running) |
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224 | and restart it: |
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225 | |
226 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
227 | |
228 | Look for the three new model objects in the startup debug output: |
229 | |
230 | ... |
231 | .-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------. |
232 | | Class | Type | |
233 | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+ |
234 | | MyApp::Controller::Books | instance | |
235 | | MyApp::Controller::Root | instance | |
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236 | | MyApp::Model::DB | instance | |
237 | | MyApp::Model::DB::Author | class | |
238 | | MyApp::Model::DB::Books | class | |
239 | | MyApp::Model::DB::BookAuthors | class | |
240 | | MyApp::Model::DB::Roles | class | |
241 | | MyApp::Model::DB::Users | class | |
242 | | MyApp::Model::DB::UserRoles | class | |
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243 | | MyApp::View::TT | instance | |
244 | '-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------' |
245 | ... |
246 | |
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247 | Again, notice that your "result class" classes have been "re-loaded" |
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248 | by Catalyst under C<MyApp::Model>. |
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249 | |
250 | |
251 | =head2 Include Authentication and Session Plugins |
252 | |
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253 | Edit C<lib/MyApp.pm> and update it as follows (everything below |
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254 | C<StackTrace> is new): |
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255 | |
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256 | __PACKAGE__->setup(qw/ |
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257 | -Debug |
258 | ConfigLoader |
259 | Static::Simple |
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260 | |
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261 | StackTrace |
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262 | |
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263 | Authentication |
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264 | |
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265 | Session |
266 | Session::Store::FastMmap |
267 | Session::State::Cookie |
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268 | /); |
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269 | |
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270 | B<Note:> As discussed in MoreCatalystBasics, different versions of |
271 | C<Catalyst::Devel> have used a variety of methods to load the plugins. |
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272 | You can put the plugins in the C<use Catalyst> statement if you prefer. |
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273 | |
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274 | The C<Authentication> plugin supports Authentication while the |
275 | C<Session> plugins are required to maintain state across multiple HTTP |
276 | requests. |
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277 | |
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278 | Note that the only required Authentication class is the main one. This |
279 | is a change that occurred in version 0.09999_01 of the |
280 | C<Authentication> plugin. You B<do not need> to specify a particular |
281 | Authentication::Store or Authentication::Credential plugin. Instead, |
282 | indicate the Store and Credential you want to use in your application |
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283 | configuration (see below). |
284 | |
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285 | Note that there are several options for |
286 | L<Session::Store|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store> |
287 | (L<Session::Store::FastMmap|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store::FastMmap> |
288 | is generally a good choice if you are on Unix; try |
289 | L<Session::Store::File|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store::File> if you |
290 | are on Win32) -- consult |
291 | L<Session::Store|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store> and its subclasses |
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292 | for additional information and options (for example to use a database- |
293 | backed session store). |
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294 | |
295 | |
296 | =head2 Configure Authentication |
297 | |
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298 | Although C<__PACKAGE__-E<gt>config(name =E<gt> 'value');> is still |
299 | supported, newer Catalyst applications tend to place all configuration |
300 | information in C<myapp.conf> and automatically load this information |
301 | into C<MyApp-E<gt>config> using the |
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302 | L<ConfigLoader|Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> plugin. |
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303 | |
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304 | As discussed in Part 3 of the tutorial, Catalyst has recently |
305 | switched from a default config file format of YAML to |
306 | L<Config::General|Config::General> (an apache-like format). In case |
307 | you are using a version of Catalyst earlier than v5.7014, delete the |
308 | C<myapp.yml>, or convert it to .conf format using the TIP in |
309 | L<Catalyst::Manual::MoreCatalystBasics/EDIT THE LIST OF CATALYST PLUGINS> |
310 | then simply follow the directions below to create a new C<myapp.conf> |
311 | file. Although we will use the C<Config::General> format here because |
312 | YAML files can be difficult to cut and paste in certain environments, |
313 | you are free to use any format supported by |
314 | L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader|Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> and |
315 | L<Config::Any|Config::Any> -- Catalyst will transparently handle the |
316 | different formats. |
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317 | |
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318 | Here, we need to load several parameters that tell |
319 | L<Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication|Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication> |
320 | where to locate information in your database. To do this, edit the |
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321 | C<myapp.conf> file and update it to match: |
322 | |
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323 | # rename this file to MyApp.yml and put a : in front of "name" if |
324 | # you want to use yaml like in old versions of Catalyst |
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325 | name MyApp |
326 | <authentication> |
327 | default_realm dbic |
328 | <realms> |
329 | <dbic> |
330 | <credential> |
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331 | # Note: this first definition would be the same as setting |
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332 | # __PACKAGE__->config->{authentication}->{realms}->{dbic} |
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333 | # ->{credential} = 'Password' in lib/MyApp.pm |
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334 | # |
335 | # Specify that we are going to do password-based auth |
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336 | class Password |
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337 | # This is the name of the field in the users table with the |
338 | # password stored in it |
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339 | password_field password |
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340 | # We are using an unencrypted password for now |
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341 | password_type clear |
342 | </credential> |
343 | <store> |
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344 | # Use DBIC to retrieve username, password & role information |
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345 | class DBIx::Class |
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346 | # This is the model object created by Catalyst::Model::DBIC |
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347 | # from your schema (you created 'MyApp::Schema::User' but as |
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348 | # the Catalyst startup debug messages show, it was loaded as |
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349 | # 'MyApp::Model::DB::Users'). |
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350 | # NOTE: Omit 'MyApp::Model' here just as you would when using |
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351 | # '$c->model("DB::Users)' |
352 | user_class DB::Users |
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353 | </store> |
354 | </dbic> |
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355 | </realms> |
356 | </authentication> |
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357 | |
358 | Inline comments in the code above explain how each field is being used. |
359 | |
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360 | |
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361 | =head2 Add Login and Logout Controllers |
362 | |
363 | Use the Catalyst create script to create two stub controller files: |
364 | |
365 | $ script/myapp_create.pl controller Login |
366 | $ script/myapp_create.pl controller Logout |
367 | |
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368 | You could easily use a single controller here. For example, you could |
369 | have a C<User> controller with both C<login> and C<logout> actions. |
370 | Remember, Catalyst is designed to be very flexible, and leaves such |
371 | matters up to you, the designer and programmer. |
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372 | |
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373 | Then open C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Login.pm>, locate the |
374 | C<sub index :Path :Args(0)> method (or C<sub index : Private> if you |
375 | are using an older version of Catalyst) that was automatically |
376 | inserted by the helpers when we created the Login controller above, |
377 | and update the definition of C<sub index> to match: |
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378 | |
379 | =head2 index |
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380 | |
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381 | Login logic |
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382 | |
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383 | =cut |
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384 | |
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385 | sub index :Path :Args(0) { |
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386 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
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387 | |
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388 | # Get the username and password from form |
389 | my $username = $c->request->params->{username} || ""; |
390 | my $password = $c->request->params->{password} || ""; |
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391 | |
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392 | # If the username and password values were found in form |
393 | if ($username && $password) { |
394 | # Attempt to log the user in |
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395 | if ($c->authenticate({ username => $username, |
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396 | password => $password } )) { |
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397 | # If successful, then let them use the application |
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398 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for( |
399 | $c->controller('Books')->action_for('list'))); |
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400 | return; |
401 | } else { |
402 | # Set an error message |
403 | $c->stash->{error_msg} = "Bad username or password."; |
404 | } |
405 | } |
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406 | |
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407 | # If either of above don't work out, send to the login page |
408 | $c->stash->{template} = 'login.tt2'; |
409 | } |
410 | |
411 | This controller fetches the C<username> and C<password> values from the |
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412 | login form and attempts to authenticate the user. If successful, it |
413 | redirects the user to the book list page. If the login fails, the user |
414 | will stay at the login page and receive an error message. If the |
415 | C<username> and C<password> values are not present in the form, the |
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416 | user will be taken to the empty login form. |
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417 | |
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418 | Note that we could have used something like "C<sub default :Path>", |
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419 | however, it is generally recommended (partly for historical reasons, |
420 | and partly for code clarity) only to use C<default> in |
421 | C<MyApp::Controller::Root>, and then mainly to generate the 404 not |
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422 | found page for the application. |
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423 | |
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424 | Instead, we are using "C<sub somename :Path :Args(0) {...}>" here to |
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425 | specifically match the URL C</login>. C<Path> actions (aka, "literal |
426 | actions") create URI matches relative to the namespace of the |
427 | controller where they are defined. Although C<Path> supports |
428 | arguments that allow relative and absolute paths to be defined, here |
429 | we use an empty C<Path> definition to match on just the name of the |
430 | controller itself. The method name, C<index>, is arbitrary. We make |
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431 | the match even more specific with the C<:Args(0)> action modifier -- |
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432 | this forces the match on I<only> C</login>, not |
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433 | C</login/somethingelse>. |
434 | |
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435 | Next, update the corresponding method in |
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436 | C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Logout.pm> to match: |
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437 | |
438 | =head2 index |
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439 | |
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440 | Logout logic |
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441 | |
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442 | =cut |
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443 | |
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444 | sub index :Path :Args(0) { |
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445 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
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446 | |
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447 | # Clear the user's state |
448 | $c->logout; |
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449 | |
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450 | # Send the user to the starting point |
451 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('/')); |
452 | } |
453 | |
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454 | As with the login controller, be sure to delete the |
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455 | C<$c-E<gt>response-E<gt>body('Matched MyApp::Controller::Logout in Logout.');> |
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456 | line of the C<sub index>. |
457 | |
458 | |
459 | =head2 Add a Login Form TT Template Page |
460 | |
461 | Create a login form by opening C<root/src/login.tt2> and inserting: |
462 | |
463 | [% META title = 'Login' %] |
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464 | |
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465 | <!-- Login form --> |
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466 | <form method="post" action="[% c.uri_for('/login') %]"> |
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467 | <table> |
468 | <tr> |
469 | <td>Username:</td> |
470 | <td><input type="text" name="username" size="40" /></td> |
471 | </tr> |
472 | <tr> |
473 | <td>Password:</td> |
474 | <td><input type="password" name="password" size="40" /></td> |
475 | </tr> |
476 | <tr> |
477 | <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" /></td> |
478 | </tr> |
479 | </table> |
480 | </form> |
481 | |
482 | |
483 | =head2 Add Valid User Check |
484 | |
485 | We need something that provides enforcement for the authentication |
486 | mechanism -- a I<global> mechanism that prevents users who have not |
487 | passed authentication from reaching any pages except the login page. |
488 | This is generally done via an C<auto> action/method (prior to Catalyst |
489 | v5.66, this sort of thing would go in C<MyApp.pm>, but starting in |
490 | v5.66, the preferred location is C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm>). |
491 | |
492 | Edit the existing C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm> class file and insert |
493 | the following method: |
494 | |
495 | =head2 auto |
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496 | |
d442cc9f |
497 | Check if there is a user and, if not, forward to login page |
1390ef0e |
498 | |
d442cc9f |
499 | =cut |
1390ef0e |
500 | |
d442cc9f |
501 | # Note that 'auto' runs after 'begin' but before your actions and that |
905a3a26 |
502 | # 'auto's "chain" (all from application path to most specific class are run) |
d442cc9f |
503 | # See the 'Actions' section of 'Catalyst::Manual::Intro' for more info. |
504 | sub auto : Private { |
505 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
1390ef0e |
506 | |
d442cc9f |
507 | # Allow unauthenticated users to reach the login page. This |
191dee29 |
508 | # allows unauthenticated users to reach any action in the Login |
d442cc9f |
509 | # controller. To lock it down to a single action, we could use: |
510 | # if ($c->action eq $c->controller('Login')->action_for('index')) |
905a3a26 |
511 | # to only allow unauthenticated access to the 'index' action we |
d442cc9f |
512 | # added above. |
513 | if ($c->controller eq $c->controller('Login')) { |
514 | return 1; |
515 | } |
1390ef0e |
516 | |
d442cc9f |
517 | # If a user doesn't exist, force login |
518 | if (!$c->user_exists) { |
519 | # Dump a log message to the development server debug output |
520 | $c->log->debug('***Root::auto User not found, forwarding to /login'); |
521 | # Redirect the user to the login page |
522 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('/login')); |
523 | # Return 0 to cancel 'post-auto' processing and prevent use of application |
524 | return 0; |
525 | } |
1390ef0e |
526 | |
d442cc9f |
527 | # User found, so return 1 to continue with processing after this 'auto' |
528 | return 1; |
529 | } |
530 | |
0416017e |
531 | As discussed in |
532 | L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::MoreCatalystBasics/CREATE A CATALYST CONTROLLER>, |
533 | every C<auto> method from the application/root controller down to the |
534 | most specific controller will be called. By placing the |
535 | authentication enforcement code inside the C<auto> method of |
536 | C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm> (or C<lib/MyApp.pm>), it will be |
537 | called for I<every> request that is received by the entire |
538 | application. |
d442cc9f |
539 | |
540 | |
541 | =head2 Displaying Content Only to Authenticated Users |
542 | |
543 | Let's say you want to provide some information on the login page that |
544 | changes depending on whether the user has authenticated yet. To do |
545 | this, open C<root/src/login.tt2> in your editor and add the following |
546 | lines to the bottom of the file: |
547 | |
548 | <p> |
549 | [% |
905a3a26 |
550 | # This code illustrates how certain parts of the TT |
d442cc9f |
551 | # template will only be shown to users who have logged in |
552 | %] |
8a7c5151 |
553 | [% IF c.user_exists %] |
554 | Please Note: You are already logged in as '[% c.user.username %]'. |
555 | You can <a href="[% c.uri_for('/logout') %]">logout</a> here. |
d442cc9f |
556 | [% ELSE %] |
557 | You need to log in to use this application. |
558 | [% END %] |
559 | [%# |
560 | Note that this whole block is a comment because the "#" appears |
905a3a26 |
561 | immediate after the "[%" (with no spaces in between). Although it |
562 | can be a handy way to temporarily "comment out" a whole block of |
563 | TT code, it's probably a little too subtle for use in "normal" |
d442cc9f |
564 | comments. |
565 | %] |
3533daff |
566 | </p> |
d442cc9f |
567 | |
568 | Although most of the code is comments, the middle few lines provide a |
569 | "you are already logged in" reminder if the user returns to the login |
570 | page after they have already authenticated. For users who have not yet |
571 | authenticated, a "You need to log in..." message is displayed (note the |
572 | use of an IF-THEN-ELSE construct in TT). |
573 | |
574 | |
575 | =head2 Try Out Authentication |
576 | |
577 | Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still |
578 | running) and restart it: |
579 | |
580 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
581 | |
1390ef0e |
582 | B<IMPORTANT NOTE:> If you are having issues with authentication on |
583 | Internet Explorer, be sure to check the system clocks on both your |
584 | server and client machines. Internet Explorer is very picky about |
fbbb9084 |
585 | timestamps for cookies. You can quickly sync an Ubuntu system with |
586 | the following command: |
25ed8f40 |
587 | |
588 | sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com |
d442cc9f |
589 | |
1390ef0e |
590 | Or possibly try C<sudo ntpdate -u ntp.ubuntu.com> (to us an |
591 | unpriviledged port) or C<sudo ntpdate pool.ntp.org> (to try a |
592 | different server in case the Ubuntu NTP server is down). |
593 | |
594 | Now trying going to L<http://localhost:3000/books/list> and you should |
595 | be redirected to the login page, hitting Shift+Reload or Ctrl+Reload |
596 | if necessary (the "You are already logged in" message should I<not> |
597 | appear -- if it does, click the C<logout> button and try again). Note |
598 | the C<***Root::auto User not found...> debug message in the |
599 | development server output. Enter username C<test01> and password |
600 | C<mypass>, and you should be taken to the Book List page. |
d442cc9f |
601 | |
602 | Open C<root/src/books/list.tt2> and add the following lines to the |
3533daff |
603 | bottom (below the closing </table> tag): |
d442cc9f |
604 | |
605 | <p> |
8a7c5151 |
606 | <a href="[% c.uri_for('/login') %]">Login</a> |
0416017e |
607 | <a href="[% c.uri_for(c.controller.action_for('form_create')) %]">Create</a> |
d442cc9f |
608 | </p> |
609 | |
905a3a26 |
610 | Reload your browser and you should now see a "Login" and "Create" links |
611 | at the bottom of the page (as mentioned earlier, you can update template |
612 | files without reloading the development server). Click the first link |
613 | to return to the login page. This time you I<should> see the "You are |
d442cc9f |
614 | already logged in" message. |
615 | |
616 | Finally, click the C<You can logout here> link on the C</login> page. |
617 | You should stay at the login page, but the message should change to "You |
618 | need to log in to use this application." |
619 | |
620 | |
621 | =head1 USING PASSWORD HASHES |
622 | |
623 | In this section we increase the security of our system by converting |
624 | from cleartext passwords to SHA-1 password hashes. |
625 | |
626 | B<Note:> This section is optional. You can skip it and the rest of the |
627 | tutorial will function normally. |
628 | |
fbbb9084 |
629 | Be aware that even with the techniques shown in this section, the browser |
d442cc9f |
630 | still transmits the passwords in cleartext to your application. We are |
631 | just avoiding the I<storage> of cleartext passwords in the database by |
632 | using a SHA-1 hash. If you are concerned about cleartext passwords |
633 | between the browser and your application, consider using SSL/TLS, made |
fbbb9084 |
634 | easy with the Catalyst plugin Catalyst::Plugin:RequireSSL. You should |
635 | also consider adding a "salt" mechanism to your hashed passwords to |
636 | mitigate the risk of a "rainbow table" crack against your passwords. |
d442cc9f |
637 | |
638 | |
639 | =head2 Get a SHA-1 Hash for the Password |
640 | |
641 | Catalyst uses the C<Digest> module to support a variety of hashing |
642 | algorithms. Here we will use SHA-1 (SHA = Secure Hash Algorithm). |
643 | First, we should compute the SHA-1 hash for the "mypass" password we are |
644 | using. The following command-line Perl script provides a "quick and |
645 | dirty" way to do this: |
646 | |
647 | $ perl -MDigest::SHA -e 'print Digest::SHA::sha1_hex("mypass"), "\n"' |
648 | e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26 |
649 | $ |
650 | |
905a3a26 |
651 | B<Note:> If you are following along in Ubuntu, you will need to install |
d0496197 |
652 | C<Digest::SHA> with the following command to run the example code above: |
653 | |
905a3a26 |
654 | sudo aptitude install libdigest-sha-perl |
d0496197 |
655 | |
d442cc9f |
656 | B<Note:> You should probably modify this code for production use to |
657 | not read the password from the command line. By having the script |
658 | prompt for the cleartext password, it avoids having the password linger |
659 | in forms such as your C<.bash_history> files (assuming you are using |
660 | BASH as your shell). An example of such a script can be found in |
661 | Appendix 3. |
662 | |
663 | |
664 | =head2 Switch to SHA-1 Password Hashes in the Database |
665 | |
666 | Next, we need to change the C<password> column of our C<users> table to |
667 | store this hash value vs. the existing cleartext password. Open |
668 | C<myapp03.sql> in your editor and enter: |
669 | |
670 | -- |
671 | -- Convert passwords to SHA-1 hashes |
672 | -- |
673 | UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 1; |
674 | UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 2; |
675 | UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 3; |
676 | |
677 | Then use the following command to update the SQLite database: |
678 | |
679 | $ sqlite3 myapp.db < myapp03.sql |
680 | |
1390ef0e |
681 | B<Note:> We are using SHA-1 hashes here, but many other hashing |
d442cc9f |
682 | algorithms are supported. See C<Digest> for more information. |
683 | |
684 | |
685 | =head2 Enable SHA-1 Hash Passwords in |
686 | C<Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication::Store::DBIC> |
687 | |
45d511e0 |
688 | Edit C<myapp.conf> and update it to match (the C<password_type> and |
d442cc9f |
689 | C<password_hash_type> are new, everything else is the same): |
690 | |
1390ef0e |
691 | # rename this file to MyApp.yml and put a : in front of "name" if |
692 | # you want to use yaml like in old versions of Catalyst |
c010ae0d |
693 | name MyApp |
694 | <authentication> |
695 | default_realm dbic |
696 | <realms> |
697 | <dbic> |
698 | <credential> |
3533daff |
699 | # Note this first definition would be the same as setting |
700 | # __PACKAGE__->config->{authentication}->{realms}->{dbic} |
905a3a26 |
701 | # ->{credential} = 'Password' in lib/MyApp.pm |
3533daff |
702 | # |
703 | # Specify that we are going to do password-based auth |
c010ae0d |
704 | class Password |
3533daff |
705 | # This is the name of the field in the users table with the |
706 | # password stored in it |
c010ae0d |
707 | password_field password |
3533daff |
708 | # Switch to more secure hashed passwords |
c010ae0d |
709 | password_type hashed |
3533daff |
710 | # Use the SHA-1 hashing algorithm |
c010ae0d |
711 | password_hash_type SHA-1 |
d0496197 |
712 | </credential> |
c010ae0d |
713 | <store> |
3533daff |
714 | # Use DBIC to retrieve username, password & role information |
c010ae0d |
715 | class DBIx::Class |
905a3a26 |
716 | # This is the model object created by Catalyst::Model::DBIC |
d0496197 |
717 | # from your schema (you created 'MyApp::Schema::User' but as |
905a3a26 |
718 | # the Catalyst startup debug messages show, it was loaded as |
d0496197 |
719 | # 'MyApp::Model::DB::Users'). |
905a3a26 |
720 | # NOTE: Omit 'MyApp::Model' here just as you would when using |
d0496197 |
721 | # '$c->model("DB::Users)' |
722 | user_class DB::Users |
d0496197 |
723 | </store> |
724 | </dbic> |
725 | </realms> |
726 | </authentication> |
d442cc9f |
727 | |
1390ef0e |
728 | |
d442cc9f |
729 | =head2 Try Out the Hashed Passwords |
730 | |
731 | Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still |
732 | running) and restart it: |
733 | |
734 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
735 | |
736 | You should now be able to go to L<http://localhost:3000/books/list> and |
fbbb9084 |
737 | login as before. When done, click the "logout" link on the login page |
d442cc9f |
738 | (or point your browser at L<http://localhost:3000/logout>). |
739 | |
d442cc9f |
740 | |
741 | =head1 USING THE SESSION FOR FLASH |
742 | |
743 | As discussed in Part 3 of the tutorial, C<flash> allows you to set |
905a3a26 |
744 | variables in a way that is very similar to C<stash>, but it will |
d442cc9f |
745 | remain set across multiple requests. Once the value is read, it |
746 | is cleared (unless reset). Although C<flash> has nothing to do with |
747 | authentication, it does leverage the same session plugins. Now that |
fbbb9084 |
748 | those plugins are enabled, let's go back and update the "delete |
d442cc9f |
749 | and redirect with query parameters" code seen at the end of the |
905a3a26 |
750 | L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::BasicCRUD> part of the |
fbbb9084 |
751 | tutorial to take advantage of C<flash>. |
d442cc9f |
752 | |
753 | First, open C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Books.pm> and modify C<sub delete> |
3533daff |
754 | to match the following (everything after the model search line of code |
755 | has changed): |
d442cc9f |
756 | |
905a3a26 |
757 | =head2 delete |
1390ef0e |
758 | |
d442cc9f |
759 | Delete a book |
1390ef0e |
760 | |
d442cc9f |
761 | =cut |
1390ef0e |
762 | |
fbbb9084 |
763 | sub delete :Chained('object') :PathPart('delete') :Args(0) { |
764 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
1390ef0e |
765 | |
fbbb9084 |
766 | # Use the book object saved by 'object' and delete it along |
767 | # with related 'book_authors' entries |
768 | $c->stash->{object}->delete; |
1390ef0e |
769 | |
d442cc9f |
770 | # Use 'flash' to save information across requests until it's read |
771 | $c->flash->{status_msg} = "Book deleted"; |
1390ef0e |
772 | |
3533daff |
773 | # Redirect the user back to the list page |
0416017e |
774 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for($self->action_for('list'))); |
d442cc9f |
775 | } |
776 | |
1390ef0e |
777 | Next, open C<root/src/wrapper.tt2> and update the TT code to pull from |
d442cc9f |
778 | flash vs. the C<status_msg> query parameter: |
779 | |
1390ef0e |
780 | ... |
d442cc9f |
781 | <div id="content"> |
1390ef0e |
782 | [%# Status and error messages %] |
783 | <span class="message">[% status_msg || c.flash.status_msg %]</span> |
784 | <span class="error">[% error_msg %]</span> |
785 | [%# This is where TT will stick all of your template's contents. -%] |
786 | [% content %] |
787 | </div><!-- end content --> |
788 | ... |
905a3a26 |
789 | |
1390ef0e |
790 | Although the sample above only shows the C<content> div, leave the |
791 | rest of the file intact -- the only change we made to the C<wrapper.tt2> |
792 | was to add "C<|| c.request.params.status_msg>" to the |
793 | C<E<lt>span class="message"E<gt>> line. |
d442cc9f |
794 | |
795 | |
796 | =head2 Try Out Flash |
797 | |
fbbb9084 |
798 | Restart the development server, log in, and then point your browser to |
799 | L<http://localhost:3000/books/url_create/Test/1/4> to create an extra |
800 | several books. Click the "Return to list" link and delete one of the |
801 | "Test" books you just added. The C<flash> mechanism should retain our |
3533daff |
802 | "Book deleted" status message across the redirect. |
d442cc9f |
803 | |
804 | B<NOTE:> While C<flash> will save information across multiple requests, |
805 | I<it does get cleared the first time it is read>. In general, this is |
806 | exactly what you want -- the C<flash> message will get displayed on |
807 | the next screen where it's appropriate, but it won't "keep showing up" |
808 | after that first time (unless you reset it). Please refer to |
809 | L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session|Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for additional |
810 | information. |
811 | |
1390ef0e |
812 | |
3533daff |
813 | =head2 Switch To Flash-To-Stash |
814 | |
fbbb9084 |
815 | Although the a use of flash above works well, the |
1390ef0e |
816 | C<status_msg || c.flash.status_msg> statement is a little ugly. A nice |
905a3a26 |
817 | alternative is to use the C<flash_to_stash> feature that automatically |
1390ef0e |
818 | copies the content of flash to stash. This makes your controller |
905a3a26 |
819 | and template code work regardless of where it was directly access, a |
fbbb9084 |
820 | forward, or a redirect. To enable C<flash_to_stash>, you can either |
905a3a26 |
821 | set the value in C<lib/MyApp.pm> by changing the default |
3533daff |
822 | C<__PACKAGE__-E<gt>config> setting to something like: |
823 | |
824 | __PACKAGE__->config( |
825 | name => 'MyApp', |
826 | session => {flash_to_stash => 1} |
827 | ); |
828 | |
45d511e0 |
829 | B<or> add the following to C<myapp.conf>: |
3533daff |
830 | |
45d511e0 |
831 | <session> |
832 | flash_to_stash 1 |
833 | </session> |
3533daff |
834 | |
905a3a26 |
835 | The C<__PACKAGE__-E<gt>config> option is probably preferable here |
836 | since it's not something you will want to change at runtime without it |
3533daff |
837 | possibly breaking some of your code. |
838 | |
1390ef0e |
839 | Then edit C<root/src/wrapper.tt2> and change the C<status_msg> line |
840 | to match the following: |
3533daff |
841 | |
842 | <span class="message">[% status_msg %]</span> |
843 | |
844 | Restart the development server and go to |
905a3a26 |
845 | L<http://localhost:3000/books/list> in your browser. Delete another |
3533daff |
846 | of the "Test" books you added in the previous step. Flash should still |
847 | maintain the status message across the redirect even though you are no |
8a7c5151 |
848 | longer explicitly accessing C<c.flash>. |
3533daff |
849 | |
d442cc9f |
850 | |
851 | =head1 AUTHOR |
852 | |
853 | Kennedy Clark, C<hkclark@gmail.com> |
854 | |
855 | Please report any errors, issues or suggestions to the author. The |
856 | most recent version of the Catalyst Tutorial can be found at |
82ab4bbf |
857 | L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/Catalyst-Manual/5.70/trunk/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial/>. |
d442cc9f |
858 | |
45c7830f |
859 | Copyright 2006-2008, Kennedy Clark, under Creative Commons License |
95674086 |
860 | (L<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/>). |