use strict;
use warnings;
-our $VERSION = '0.40';
+our $VERSION = '0.55';
our $AUTHORITY = 'cpan:STEVAN';
-use Scalar::Util 'blessed', 'reftype';
-use Carp 'confess';
-use Sub::Name 'subname';
+use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
+use Carp 'confess', 'croak', 'cluck';
use Sub::Exporter;
-use Class::MOP 0.51;
+use Class::MOP;
use Moose::Meta::Class;
use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint;
-use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Class;
use Moose::Meta::TypeCoercion;
use Moose::Meta::Attribute;
use Moose::Meta::Instance;
my %exports = (
extends => sub {
my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::extends' => sub (@) {
- confess "Must derive at least one class" unless @_;
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::extends' => sub (@) {
+ croak "Must derive at least one class" unless @_;
my @supers = @_;
foreach my $super (@supers) {
Class::MOP::load_class($super);
+ croak "You cannot inherit from a Moose Role ($super)"
+ if $super->can('meta') &&
+ blessed $super->meta &&
+ $super->meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role')
}
+
+
# this checks the metaclass to make sure
# it is correct, sometimes it can get out
# of sync when the classes are being built
my $meta = $class->meta->_fix_metaclass_incompatability(@supers);
$meta->superclasses(@supers);
- };
+ });
},
with => sub {
my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::with' => sub (@) {
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::with' => sub (@) {
Moose::Util::apply_all_roles($class->meta, @_)
- };
+ });
},
has => sub {
my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::has' => sub ($;%) {
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::has' => sub ($;%) {
my $name = shift;
- die 'Usage: has \'name\' => ( key => value, ... )' if @_ == 1;
+ croak 'Usage: has \'name\' => ( key => value, ... )' if @_ == 1;
my %options = @_;
my $attrs = ( ref($name) eq 'ARRAY' ) ? $name : [ ($name) ];
$class->meta->add_attribute( $_, %options ) for @$attrs;
- };
+ });
},
before => sub {
my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::before' => sub (@&) {
- my $code = pop @_;
- my $meta = $class->meta;
- $meta->add_before_method_modifier( $_, $code ) for @_;
- };
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::before' => sub (@&) {
+ Moose::Util::add_method_modifier($class, 'before', \@_);
+ });
},
after => sub {
my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::after' => sub (@&) {
- my $code = pop @_;
- my $meta = $class->meta;
- $meta->add_after_method_modifier( $_, $code ) for @_;
- };
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::after' => sub (@&) {
+ Moose::Util::add_method_modifier($class, 'after', \@_);
+ });
},
around => sub {
my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::around' => sub (@&) {
- my $code = pop @_;
- my $meta = $class->meta;
- $meta->add_around_method_modifier( $_, $code ) for @_;
- };
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::around' => sub (@&) {
+ Moose::Util::add_method_modifier($class, 'around', \@_);
+ });
},
super => sub {
- {
- our %SUPER_SLOT;
- no strict 'refs';
- $SUPER_SLOT{$CALLER} = \*{"${CALLER}::super"};
- }
- return subname 'Moose::super' => sub { };
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::super' => sub {
+ return unless our $SUPER_BODY; $SUPER_BODY->(our @SUPER_ARGS)
+ });
},
override => sub {
my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::override' => sub ($&) {
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::override' => sub ($&) {
my ( $name, $method ) = @_;
$class->meta->add_override_method_modifier( $name => $method );
- };
+ });
},
inner => sub {
- {
- our %INNER_SLOT;
- no strict 'refs';
- $INNER_SLOT{$CALLER} = \*{"${CALLER}::inner"};
- }
- return subname 'Moose::inner' => sub { };
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::inner' => sub {
+ my $pkg = caller();
+ our ( %INNER_BODY, %INNER_ARGS );
+
+ if ( my $body = $INNER_BODY{$pkg} ) {
+ my @args = @{ $INNER_ARGS{$pkg} };
+ local $INNER_ARGS{$pkg};
+ local $INNER_BODY{$pkg};
+ return $body->(@args);
+ } else {
+ return;
+ }
+ });
},
augment => sub {
my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::augment' => sub (@&) {
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::augment' => sub (@&) {
my ( $name, $method ) = @_;
$class->meta->add_augment_method_modifier( $name => $method );
- };
- },
- metaclass => sub {
- my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::metaclass' => sub {
- $class->meta;
- };
+ });
},
make_immutable => sub {
my $class = $CALLER;
- return subname 'Moose::make_immutable' => sub {
+ return Class::MOP::subname('Moose::make_immutable' => sub {
+ cluck "The make_immutable keyword has been deprecated, " .
+ "please go back to __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable\n";
$class->meta->make_immutable(@_);
- };
+ });
},
confess => sub {
return \&Carp::confess;
sub _get_caller{
my $offset = 1;
return
- ref $_[1] && defined $_[1]->{into}
- ? $_[1]->{into}
- : ref $_[1] && defined $_[1]->{into_level}
- ? caller($offset + $_[1]->{into_level})
- : caller($offset);
+ (ref $_[1] && defined $_[1]->{into})
+ ? $_[1]->{into}
+ : (ref $_[1] && defined $_[1]->{into_level})
+ ? caller($offset + $_[1]->{into_level})
+ : caller($offset);
}
sub import {
goto $exporter;
}
+
+ # NOTE:
+ # This is for special use by
+ # some modules and stuff, I
+ # dont know if it is sane enough
+ # to document actually.
+ # - SL
+ sub __CURRY_EXPORTS_FOR_CLASS__ {
+ $CALLER = shift;
+ ($CALLER ne 'Moose')
+ || croak "_import_into must be called a function, not a method";
+ ($CALLER->can('meta') && $CALLER->meta->isa('Class::MOP::Class'))
+ || croak "Cannot call _import_into on a package ($CALLER) without a metaclass";
+ return map { $_ => $exports{$_}->() } (@_ ? @_ : keys %exports);
+ }
sub unimport {
no strict 'refs';
# make sure it is from Moose
my ($pkg_name) = Class::MOP::get_code_info($keyword);
- next if $@;
next if $pkg_name ne 'Moose';
# and if it is from Moose then undef the slot
Moose is an extension of the Perl 5 object system.
-=head2 Another object system!?!?
-
-Yes, I know there has been an explosion recently of new ways to
-build object's in Perl 5, most of them based on inside-out objects
-and other such things. Moose is different because it is not a new
-object system for Perl 5, but instead an extension of the existing
-object system.
-
-Moose is built on top of L<Class::MOP>, which is a metaclass system
-for Perl 5. This means that Moose not only makes building normal
-Perl 5 objects better, but it also provides the power of metaclass
-programming.
-
-=head2 Is this for real? Or is this just an experiment?
-
-Moose is I<based> on the prototypes and experiments I did for the Perl 6
-meta-model. However, Moose is B<NOT> an experiment/prototype; it is for B<real>.
-
-=head2 Is this ready for use in production?
-
-Yes, I believe that it is.
-
-Moose has been used successfully in production environemnts by several people
-and companies (including the one I work for). There are Moose applications
-which have been in production with little or no issue now for well over a year.
-I consider it highly stable and we are commited to keeping it stable.
-
-Of course, in the end, you need to make this call yourself. If you have
-any questions or concerns, please feel free to email me, or even the list
-or just stop by #moose and ask away.
-
-=head2 Is Moose just Perl 6 in Perl 5?
-
-No. While Moose is very much inspired by Perl 6, it is not itself Perl 6.
-Instead, it is an OO system for Perl 5. I built Moose because I was tired of
-writing the same old boring Perl 5 OO code, and drooling over Perl 6 OO. So
-instead of switching to Ruby, I wrote Moose :)
-
-=head2 Wait, I<post> modern, I thought it was just I<modern>?
-
-So I was reading Larry Wall's talk from the 1999 Linux World entitled
-"Perl, the first postmodern computer language" in which he talks about how
-he picked the features for Perl because he thought they were cool and he
-threw out the ones that he thought sucked. This got me thinking about how
-we have done the same thing in Moose. For Moose, we have "borrowed" features
-from Perl 6, CLOS (LISP), Smalltalk, Java, BETA, OCaml, Ruby and more, and
-the bits we didn't like (cause they sucked) we tossed aside. So for this
-reason (and a few others) I have re-dubbed Moose a I<postmodern> object system.
+The main goal of Moose is to make Perl 5 Object Oriented programming
+easier, more consistent and less tedious. With Moose you can to think
+more about what you want to do and less about the mechanics of OOP.
-Nuff Said.
+Additionally, Moose is built on top of L<Class::MOP>, which is a
+metaclass system for Perl 5. This means that Moose not only makes
+building normal Perl 5 objects better, but it provides the power of
+metaclass programming as well.
=head2 Moose Extensions
The L<MooseX::> namespace is the official place to find Moose extensions.
There are a number of these modules out on CPAN right now the best way to
-find them is to search for MooseX:: on search.cpan.org.
+find them is to search for MooseX:: on search.cpan.org or to look at the
+latest version of L<Task::Moose> which aims to keep an up to date, easily
+installable list of these extensions.
=head1 BUILDING CLASSES WITH MOOSE
setting defaults where appropriate, and performing any type constraint checking
or coercion.
-=head1 EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
+=head1 PROVIDED METHODS
-Moose will export a number of functions into the class's namespace which
-may then be used to set up the class. These functions all work directly
-on the current class.
+Moose provides a number of methods to all your classes, mostly through the
+inheritance of L<Moose::Object>. There is however, one exception.
=over 4
This is a method which provides access to the current class's metaclass.
+=back
+
+=head1 EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
+
+Moose will export a number of functions into the class's namespace which
+may then be used to set up the class. These functions all work directly
+on the current class.
+
+=over 4
+
=item B<extends (@superclasses)>
This function will set the superclass(es) for the current class.
=item B<with (@roles)>
-This will apply a given set of C<@roles> to the local class. Role support
-is currently under heavy development; see L<Moose::Role> for more details.
+This will apply a given set of C<@roles> to the local class.
=item B<has $name =E<gt> %options>
If you need more control over how your accessors are named, you can use the
I<reader>, I<writer> and I<accessor> options inherited from
-L<Class::MOP::Attribute>.
+L<Class::MOP::Attribute>, however if you use those, you won't need the I<is>
+option.
=item I<isa =E<gt> $type_name>
This tells the accessor whether to automatically dereference the value returned.
This is only legal if your C<isa> option is either C<ArrayRef> or C<HashRef>.
-=item I<metaclass =E<gt> $metaclass_name>
-
-This tells the class to use a custom attribute metaclass for this particular
-attribute. Custom attribute metaclasses are useful for extending the
-capabilities of the I<has> keyword: they are the simplest way to extend the MOP,
-but they are still a fairly advanced topic and too much to cover here. I will
-try and write a recipe on them soon.
-
-The default behavior here is to just load C<$metaclass_name>; however, we also
-have a way to alias to a shorter name. This will first look to see if
-B<Moose::Meta::Attribute::Custom::$metaclass_name> exists. If it does, Moose
-will then check to see if that has the method C<register_implementation>, which
-should return the actual name of the custom attribute metaclass. If there is no
-C<register_implementation> method, it will fall back to using
-B<Moose::Meta::Attribute::Custom::$metaclass_name> as the metaclass name.
-
=item I<trigger =E<gt> $code>
The I<trigger> option is a CODE reference which will be called after the value of
This is a pretty complex and powerful option. It accepts many different option
formats, each with its own benefits and drawbacks.
-B<NOTE:> This feature is no longer experimental, but it may still have subtle
-bugs lurking in the deeper corners. If you think you have found a bug, you
-probably have, so please report it to me right away.
-
B<NOTE:> The class being delegated to does not need to be a Moose based class,
which is why this feature is especially useful when wrapping non-Moose classes.
=back
+=item I<metaclass =E<gt> $metaclass_name>
+
+This tells the class to use a custom attribute metaclass for this particular
+attribute. Custom attribute metaclasses are useful for extending the
+capabilities of the I<has> keyword: they are the simplest way to extend the MOP,
+but they are still a fairly advanced topic and too much to cover here, see
+L<Moose::Cookbook::Recipe11> for more information.
+
+The default behavior here is to just load C<$metaclass_name>; however, we also
+have a way to alias to a shorter name. This will first look to see if
+B<Moose::Meta::Attribute::Custom::$metaclass_name> exists. If it does, Moose
+will then check to see if that has the method C<register_implementation>, which
+should return the actual name of the custom attribute metaclass. If there is no
+C<register_implementation> method, it will fall back to using
+B<Moose::Meta::Attribute::Custom::$metaclass_name> as the metaclass name.
+
+=item I<traits =E<gt> [ @role_names ]>
+
+This tells Moose to take the list of C<@role_names> and apply them to the
+attribute meta-object. This is very similar to the I<metaclass> option, but
+allows you to use more than one extension at a time. This too is an advanced
+topic, we don't yet have a cookbook for it though.
+
+As with I<metaclass>, the default behavior is to just load C<$role_name>; however,
+we also have a way to alias to a shorter name. This will first look to see if
+B<Moose::Meta::Attribute::Custom::Trait::$role_name> exists. If it does, Moose
+will then check to see if that has the method C<register_implementation>, which
+should return the actual name of the custom attribute trait. If there is no
+C<register_implementation> method, it will fall back to using
+B<Moose::Meta::Attribute::Custom::Trait::$metaclass_name> as the trait name.
+
=back
=item B<has +$name =E<gt> %options>
=item I<isa>
-You I<are> allowed to change the type, B<if and only if> the new type is a
-subtype of the old type.
+You I<are> allowed to change the type without restriction.
+
+It is recommended that you use this freedom with caution. We used to
+only allow for extension only if the type was a subtype of the parent's
+type, but we felt that was too restrictive and is better left as a
+policy descision.
=item I<handles>
You are allowed to B<add> a new C<builder> definition, but you are B<not>
allowed to I<change> one.
+=item I<metaclass>
+
+You are allowed to B<add> a new C<metaclass> definition, but you are
+B<not> allowed to I<change> one.
+
+=item I<traits>
+
+You are allowed to B<add> additional traits to the C<traits> definition.
+These traits will be composed into the attribute, but pre-existing traits
+B<are not> overridden, or removed.
+
=back
=item B<before $name|@names =E<gt> sub { ... }>
The keyword C<inner>, much like C<super>, is a no-op outside of the context of
an C<augment> method. You can think of C<inner> as being the inverse of
C<super>; the details of how C<inner> and C<augment> work is best described in
-the L<Moose::Cookbook>.
+the L<Moose::Cookbook::Recipe6>.
=item B<augment ($name, &sub)>
An C<augment> method, is a way of explicitly saying "I am augmenting this
method from my superclass". Once again, the details of how C<inner> and
-C<augment> work is best described in the L<Moose::Cookbook>.
+C<augment> work is best described in the L<Moose::Cookbook::Recipe6>.
=item B<confess>
This is the C<Carp::confess> function, and exported here because I use it
-all the time. This feature may change in the future, so you have been warned.
+all the time.
=item B<blessed>
their behavior is then easier to predict. Time will tell whether I am right or
not (UPDATE: so far so good).
+=item *
+
+It is important to note that we currently have no simple way of combining
+multiple extended versions of Moose (see L<EXTENDING AND EMBEDDING MOOSE> above),
+and that in many cases they will conflict with one another. We are working on
+developing a way around this issue, but in the meantime, you have been warned.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 JUSTIFICATION
+
+In case you are still asking yourself "Why do I need this?", then this
+section is for you. This used to be part of the main DESCRIPTION, but
+I think Moose no longer actually needs justification, so it is included
+(read: buried) here for those who are still not convinced.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Another object system!?!?
+
+Yes, I know there has been an explosion recently of new ways to
+build objects in Perl 5, most of them based on inside-out objects
+and other such things. Moose is different because it is not a new
+object system for Perl 5, but instead an extension of the existing
+object system.
+
+Moose is built on top of L<Class::MOP>, which is a metaclass system
+for Perl 5. This means that Moose not only makes building normal
+Perl 5 objects better, but it also provides the power of metaclass
+programming.
+
+=item Is this for real? Or is this just an experiment?
+
+Moose is I<based> on the prototypes and experiments I did for the Perl 6
+meta-model. However, Moose is B<NOT> an experiment/prototype; it is for B<real>.
+
+=item Is this ready for use in production?
+
+Yes, I believe that it is.
+
+Moose has been used successfully in production environemnts by several people
+and companies (including the one I work for). There are Moose applications
+which have been in production with little or no issue now for well over two years.
+I consider it highly stable and we are commited to keeping it stable.
+
+Of course, in the end, you need to make this call yourself. If you have
+any questions or concerns, please feel free to email me, or even the list
+or just stop by #moose and ask away.
+
+=item Is Moose just Perl 6 in Perl 5?
+
+No. While Moose is very much inspired by Perl 6, it is not itself Perl 6.
+Instead, it is an OO system for Perl 5. I built Moose because I was tired of
+writing the same old boring Perl 5 OO code, and drooling over Perl 6 OO. So
+instead of switching to Ruby, I wrote Moose :)
+
+=item Wait, I<post> modern, I thought it was just I<modern>?
+
+So I was reading Larry Wall's talk from the 1999 Linux World entitled
+"Perl, the first postmodern computer language" in which he talks about how
+he picked the features for Perl because he thought they were cool and he
+threw out the ones that he thought sucked. This got me thinking about how
+we have done the same thing in Moose. For Moose, we have "borrowed" features
+from Perl 6, CLOS (LISP), Smalltalk, Java, BETA, OCaml, Ruby and more, and
+the bits we didn't like (cause they sucked) we tossed aside. So for this
+reason (and a few others) I have re-dubbed Moose a I<postmodern> object system.
+
+Nuff Said.
+
=back
=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
=item The basis of the TypeContraints module was Rob Kinyon's idea
originally, I just ran with it.
-=item Thanks to mst & chansen and the whole #moose poose for all the
+=item Thanks to mst & chansen and the whole #moose posse for all the
early ideas/feature-requests/encouragement/bug-finding.
=item Thanks to David "Theory" Wheeler for meta-discussions and spelling fixes.
=item The Moose mailing list - moose@perl.org
-=item Moose stats on ohloh.net - L<http://www.ohloh.net/projects/5788>
+=item Moose stats on ohloh.net - L<http://www.ohloh.net/projects/moose>
=item Several Moose extension modules in the L<MooseX::> namespace.
=back
+=head2 Books
+
+=over 4
+
+=item The Art of the MetaObject Protocol
+
+I mention this in the L<Class::MOP> docs too, this book was critical in
+the development of both modules and is highly recommended.
+
+=back
+
=head2 Papers
=over 4
exception. If you find a bug please either email me, or add the bug
to cpan-RT.
+=head1 FEATURE REQUESTS
+
+We are very strict about what features we add to the Moose core, especially
+the user-visible features. Instead we have made sure that the underlying
+meta-system of Moose is as extensible as possible so that you can add your
+own features easily. That said, occasionally there is a feature needed in the
+meta-system to support your planned extension, in which case you should
+either email the mailing list or join us on irc at #moose to discuss.
+
=head1 AUTHOR
Stevan Little E<lt>stevan@iinteractive.comE<gt>
Chris (perigrin) Prather
+Wallace (wreis) Reis
+
Jonathan (jrockway) Rockway
Piotr (dexter) Roszatycki
projects / gitmo/Moose.git / blobdiff