2 package Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
8 use List::MoreUtils qw( all );
9 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
12 our $VERSION = '0.69';
13 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
14 our $AUTHORITY = 'cpan:STEVAN';
16 ## --------------------------------------------------------
17 # Prototyped subs must be predeclared because we have a
18 # circular dependency with Moose::Meta::Attribute et. al.
19 # so in case of us being use'd first the predeclaration
20 # ensures the prototypes are in scope when consumers are
30 sub _create_type_constraint ($$$;$$);
31 sub _install_type_coercions ($$);
33 ## --------------------------------------------------------
35 use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint;
36 use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Union;
37 use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterized;
38 use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterizable;
39 use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Class;
40 use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Role;
41 use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Enum;
42 use Moose::Meta::TypeCoercion;
43 use Moose::Meta::TypeCoercion::Union;
44 use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Registry;
45 use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints;
47 Moose::Exporter->setup_import_methods(
50 type subtype class_type role_type maybe_type
51 as where message optimize_as
55 register_type_constraint )
60 ## --------------------------------------------------------
61 ## type registry and some useful functions for it
62 ## --------------------------------------------------------
64 my $REGISTRY = Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Registry->new;
66 sub get_type_constraint_registry { $REGISTRY }
67 sub list_all_type_constraints { keys %{$REGISTRY->type_constraints} }
68 sub export_type_constraints_as_functions {
71 foreach my $constraint (keys %{$REGISTRY->type_constraints}) {
72 my $tc = $REGISTRY->get_type_constraint($constraint)->_compiled_type_constraint;
73 *{"${pkg}::${constraint}"} = sub { $tc->($_[0]) ? 1 : undef }; # the undef is for compat
77 sub create_type_constraint_union {
78 my @type_constraint_names;
80 if (scalar @_ == 1 && _detect_type_constraint_union($_[0])) {
81 @type_constraint_names = _parse_type_constraint_union($_[0]);
84 @type_constraint_names = @_;
87 (scalar @type_constraint_names >= 2)
88 || __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("You must pass in at least 2 type names to make a union");
90 my @type_constraints = map {
91 find_or_parse_type_constraint($_) ||
92 __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("Could not locate type constraint ($_) for the union");
93 } @type_constraint_names;
95 return Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Union->new(
96 type_constraints => \@type_constraints
100 sub create_parameterized_type_constraint {
101 my $type_constraint_name = shift;
102 my ($base_type, $type_parameter) = _parse_parameterized_type_constraint($type_constraint_name);
104 (defined $base_type && defined $type_parameter)
105 || __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("Could not parse type name ($type_constraint_name) correctly");
107 if ($REGISTRY->has_type_constraint($base_type)) {
108 my $base_type_tc = $REGISTRY->get_type_constraint($base_type);
109 return _create_parameterized_type_constraint(
114 __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("Could not locate the base type ($base_type)");
118 sub _create_parameterized_type_constraint {
119 my ( $base_type_tc, $type_parameter ) = @_;
120 if ( $base_type_tc->can('parameterize') ) {
121 return $base_type_tc->parameterize($type_parameter);
123 return Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterized->new(
124 name => $base_type_tc->name . '[' . $type_parameter . ']',
125 parent => $base_type_tc,
126 type_parameter => find_or_create_isa_type_constraint($type_parameter),
131 #should we also support optimized checks?
132 sub create_class_type_constraint {
133 my ( $class, $options ) = @_;
135 # too early for this check
136 #find_type_constraint("ClassName")->check($class)
137 # || __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("Can't create a class type constraint because '$class' is not a class name");
145 $options{name} ||= "__ANON__";
147 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Class->new( %options );
150 sub create_role_type_constraint {
151 my ( $role, $options ) = @_;
153 # too early for this check
154 #find_type_constraint("ClassName")->check($class)
155 # || __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("Can't create a class type constraint because '$class' is not a class name");
163 $options{name} ||= "__ANON__";
165 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Role->new( %options );
169 sub find_or_create_type_constraint {
170 my ( $type_constraint_name, $options_for_anon_type ) = @_;
172 if ( my $constraint = find_or_parse_type_constraint($type_constraint_name) ) {
175 elsif ( defined $options_for_anon_type ) {
177 # if there is no $options_for_anon_type
178 # specified, then we assume they don't
179 # want to create one, and return nothing.
181 # otherwise assume that we should create
182 # an ANON type with the $options_for_anon_type
183 # options which can be passed in. It should
184 # be noted that these don't get registered
185 # so we need to return it.
187 return Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint->new(
189 %{$options_for_anon_type}
196 sub find_or_create_isa_type_constraint {
197 my $type_constraint_name = shift;
198 find_or_parse_type_constraint($type_constraint_name) || create_class_type_constraint($type_constraint_name)
201 sub find_or_create_does_type_constraint {
202 my $type_constraint_name = shift;
203 find_or_parse_type_constraint($type_constraint_name) || create_role_type_constraint($type_constraint_name)
206 sub find_or_parse_type_constraint {
207 my $type_constraint_name = normalize_type_constraint_name(shift);
210 if ($constraint = find_type_constraint($type_constraint_name)) {
212 } elsif (_detect_type_constraint_union($type_constraint_name)) {
213 $constraint = create_type_constraint_union($type_constraint_name);
214 } elsif (_detect_parameterized_type_constraint($type_constraint_name)) {
215 $constraint = create_parameterized_type_constraint($type_constraint_name);
220 $REGISTRY->add_type_constraint($constraint);
224 sub normalize_type_constraint_name {
225 my $type_constraint_name = shift;
226 $type_constraint_name =~ s/\s//g;
227 return $type_constraint_name;
233 local $Carp::CarpLevel = $Carp::CarpLevel + 1;
234 Carp::confess($error);
237 ## --------------------------------------------------------
238 ## exported functions ...
239 ## --------------------------------------------------------
241 sub find_type_constraint {
244 if ( blessed $type and $type->isa("Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint") ) {
248 return unless $REGISTRY->has_type_constraint($type);
249 return $REGISTRY->get_type_constraint($type);
253 sub register_type_constraint {
254 my $constraint = shift;
255 __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("can't register an unnamed type constraint") unless defined $constraint->name;
256 $REGISTRY->add_type_constraint($constraint);
263 splice(@_, 1, 0, undef);
264 goto &_create_type_constraint;
269 # this adds an undef for the name
270 # if this is an anon-subtype:
271 # subtype(Num => where { $_ % 2 == 0 }) # anon 'even' subtype
273 # subtype(Num => where { $_ % 2 == 0 }) message { "$_ must be an even number" }
275 # but if the last arg is not a code ref then it is a subtype
278 # subtype(MyNumbers => as Num); # now MyNumbers is the same as Num
279 # ... yeah I know it's ugly code
281 unshift @_ => undef if scalar @_ == 2 && ( 'CODE' eq ref( $_[-1] ) );
283 if scalar @_ == 3 && all { ref($_) =~ /^(?:CODE|HASH)$/ } @_[ 1, 2 ];
284 goto &_create_type_constraint;
288 register_type_constraint(
289 create_class_type_constraint(
291 ( defined($_[1]) ? $_[1] : () ),
296 sub role_type ($;$) {
297 register_type_constraint(
298 create_role_type_constraint(
300 ( defined($_[1]) ? $_[1] : () ),
306 my ($type_parameter) = @_;
308 register_type_constraint(
309 $REGISTRY->get_type_constraint('Maybe')->parameterize($type_parameter)
314 my ($type_name, @coercion_map) = @_;
315 _install_type_coercions($type_name, \@coercion_map);
320 sub where (&) { $_[0] }
321 sub via (&) { $_[0] }
323 sub message (&) { +{ message => $_[0] } }
324 sub optimize_as (&) { +{ optimized => $_[0] } }
327 my ($type_name, @values) = @_;
329 # if only an array-ref is passed then
330 # you get an anon-enum
332 if (ref $type_name eq 'ARRAY' && !@values) {
333 @values = @$type_name;
336 (scalar @values >= 2)
337 || __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("You must have at least two values to enumerate through");
338 my %valid = map { $_ => 1 } @values;
340 register_type_constraint(
341 create_enum_type_constraint(
348 sub create_enum_type_constraint {
349 my ( $type_name, $values ) = @_;
351 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Enum->new(
352 name => $type_name || '__ANON__',
357 ## --------------------------------------------------------
358 ## desugaring functions ...
359 ## --------------------------------------------------------
361 sub _create_type_constraint ($$$;$$) {
366 my ( $message, $optimized );
368 $message = $_->{message} if exists $_->{message};
369 $optimized = $_->{optimized} if exists $_->{optimized};
372 my $pkg_defined_in = scalar( caller(0) );
374 if ( defined $name ) {
375 my $type = $REGISTRY->get_type_constraint($name);
377 ( $type->_package_defined_in eq $pkg_defined_in )
379 "The type constraint '$name' has already been created in "
380 . $type->_package_defined_in
381 . " and cannot be created again in "
385 $name =~ /^[\w:\.]+$/
386 or die qq{$name contains invalid characters for a type name.}
387 . qq{Names can contain alphanumeric character, ":", and "."\n};
392 package_defined_in => $pkg_defined_in,
394 ( $check ? ( constraint => $check ) : () ),
395 ( $message ? ( message => $message ) : () ),
396 ( $optimized ? ( optimized => $optimized ) : () ),
402 = blessed $parent ? $parent : find_or_create_isa_type_constraint($parent) )
404 $constraint = $parent->create_child_type(%opts);
407 $constraint = Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint->new(%opts);
410 $REGISTRY->add_type_constraint($constraint)
416 sub _install_type_coercions ($$) {
417 my ($type_name, $coercion_map) = @_;
418 my $type = find_type_constraint($type_name);
420 || __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("Cannot find type '$type_name', perhaps you forgot to load it.");
421 if ($type->has_coercion) {
422 $type->coercion->add_type_coercions(@$coercion_map);
425 my $type_coercion = Moose::Meta::TypeCoercion->new(
426 type_coercion_map => $coercion_map,
427 type_constraint => $type
429 $type->coercion($type_coercion);
433 ## --------------------------------------------------------
434 ## type notation parsing ...
435 ## --------------------------------------------------------
438 # All I have to say is mugwump++ cause I know
439 # do not even have enough regexp-fu to be able
440 # to have written this (I can only barely
441 # understand it as it is)
446 my $valid_chars = qr{[\w:\.]};
447 my $type_atom = qr{ $valid_chars+ };
451 my $type = qr{ $valid_chars+ (?: \[ \s* (??{$any}) \s* \] )? }x;
452 my $type_capture_parts = qr{ ($valid_chars+) (?: \[ \s* ((??{$any})) \s* \] )? }x;
453 my $type_with_parameter = qr{ $valid_chars+ \[ \s* (??{$any}) \s* \] }x;
455 my $op_union = qr{ \s* \| \s* }x;
456 my $union = qr{ $type (?: $op_union $type )+ }x;
458 $any = qr{ $type | $union }x;
460 sub _parse_parameterized_type_constraint {
461 { no warnings 'void'; $any; } # force capture of interpolated lexical
462 $_[0] =~ m{ $type_capture_parts }x;
466 sub _detect_parameterized_type_constraint {
467 { no warnings 'void'; $any; } # force capture of interpolated lexical
468 $_[0] =~ m{ ^ $type_with_parameter $ }x;
471 sub _parse_type_constraint_union {
472 { no warnings 'void'; $any; } # force capture of interpolated lexical
475 while ( $given =~ m{ \G (?: $op_union )? ($type) }gcx ) {
478 (pos($given) eq length($given))
479 || __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("'$given' didn't parse (parse-pos="
487 sub _detect_type_constraint_union {
488 { no warnings 'void'; $any; } # force capture of interpolated lexical
489 $_[0] =~ m{^ $type $op_union $type ( $op_union .* )? $}x;
493 ## --------------------------------------------------------
494 # define some basic built-in types
495 ## --------------------------------------------------------
497 # By making these classes immutable before creating all the types we
498 # below, we avoid repeatedly calling the slow MOP-based accessors.
500 inline_constructor => 1,
501 constructor_name => "_new",
503 # these are Class::MOP accessors, so they need inlining
504 inline_accessors => 1
505 ) for grep { $_->is_mutable }
508 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint
509 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Union
510 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterized
511 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterizable
512 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Class
513 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Role
514 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Enum
515 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Registry
518 type 'Any' => where { 1 }; # meta-type including all
519 type 'Item' => where { 1 }; # base-type
521 subtype 'Undef' => as 'Item' => where { !defined($_) };
522 subtype 'Defined' => as 'Item' => where { defined($_) };
526 => where { !defined($_) || $_ eq "" || "$_" eq '1' || "$_" eq '0' };
530 => where { !ref($_) }
531 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::Value;
536 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::Ref;
541 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::Str;
545 => where { Scalar::Util::looks_like_number($_) }
546 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::Num;
550 => where { "$_" =~ /^-?[0-9]+$/ }
551 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::Int;
553 subtype 'ScalarRef' => as 'Ref' => where { ref($_) eq 'SCALAR' } => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::ScalarRef;
554 subtype 'CodeRef' => as 'Ref' => where { ref($_) eq 'CODE' } => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::CodeRef;
555 subtype 'RegexpRef' => as 'Ref' => where { ref($_) eq 'Regexp' } => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::RegexpRef;
556 subtype 'GlobRef' => as 'Ref' => where { ref($_) eq 'GLOB' } => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::GlobRef;
559 # scalar filehandles are GLOB refs,
560 # but a GLOB ref is not always a filehandle
563 => where { Scalar::Util::openhandle($_) || ( blessed($_) && $_->isa("IO::Handle") ) }
564 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::FileHandle;
567 # blessed(qr/.../) returns true,.. how odd
570 => where { blessed($_) && blessed($_) ne 'Regexp' }
571 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::Object;
575 => where { $_->can('does') }
576 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::Role;
578 my $_class_name_checker = sub {};
582 => where { Class::MOP::is_class_loaded($_) }
583 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::ClassName;
587 => where { (($_->can('meta') || return)->($_) || return)->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
588 => optimize_as \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::RoleName; ;
590 ## --------------------------------------------------------
591 # parameterizable types ...
593 $REGISTRY->add_type_constraint(
594 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterizable->new(
596 package_defined_in => __PACKAGE__,
597 parent => find_type_constraint('Ref'),
598 constraint => sub { ref($_) eq 'ARRAY' },
599 optimized => \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::ArrayRef,
600 constraint_generator => sub {
601 my $type_parameter = shift;
602 my $check = $type_parameter->_compiled_type_constraint;
604 foreach my $x (@$_) {
605 ($check->($x)) || return
612 $REGISTRY->add_type_constraint(
613 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterizable->new(
615 package_defined_in => __PACKAGE__,
616 parent => find_type_constraint('Ref'),
617 constraint => sub { ref($_) eq 'HASH' },
618 optimized => \&Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::HashRef,
619 constraint_generator => sub {
620 my $type_parameter = shift;
621 my $check = $type_parameter->_compiled_type_constraint;
623 foreach my $x (values %$_) {
624 ($check->($x)) || return
631 $REGISTRY->add_type_constraint(
632 Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterizable->new(
634 package_defined_in => __PACKAGE__,
635 parent => find_type_constraint('Item'),
636 constraint => sub { 1 },
637 constraint_generator => sub {
638 my $type_parameter = shift;
639 my $check = $type_parameter->_compiled_type_constraint;
641 return 1 if not(defined($_)) || $check->($_);
648 my @PARAMETERIZABLE_TYPES = map {
649 $REGISTRY->get_type_constraint($_)
650 } qw[ArrayRef HashRef Maybe];
652 sub get_all_parameterizable_types { @PARAMETERIZABLE_TYPES }
653 sub add_parameterizable_type {
655 (blessed $type && $type->isa('Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterizable'))
656 || __PACKAGE__->_throw_error("Type must be a Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterizable not $type");
657 push @PARAMETERIZABLE_TYPES => $type;
660 ## --------------------------------------------------------
661 # end of built-in types ...
662 ## --------------------------------------------------------
665 my @BUILTINS = list_all_type_constraints();
666 sub list_all_builtin_type_constraints { @BUILTINS }
672 goto &Moose::throw_error;
683 Moose::Util::TypeConstraints - Type constraint system for Moose
687 use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;
689 type 'Num' => where { Scalar::Util::looks_like_number($_) };
695 subtype 'NaturalLessThanTen'
698 => message { "This number ($_) is not less than ten!" };
704 enum 'RGBColors' => qw(red green blue);
708 This module provides Moose with the ability to create custom type
709 constraints to be used in attribute definition.
711 =head2 Important Caveat
713 This is B<NOT> a type system for Perl 5. These are type constraints,
714 and they are not used by Moose unless you tell it to. No type
715 inference is performed, expression are not typed, etc. etc. etc.
717 This is simply a means of creating small constraint functions which
718 can be used to simplify your own type-checking code, with the added
719 side benefit of making your intentions clearer through self-documentation.
721 =head2 Slightly Less Important Caveat
723 It is B<always> a good idea to quote your type and subtype names.
725 This is to prevent perl from trying to execute the call as an indirect
726 object call. This issue only seems to come up when you have a subtype
727 the same name as a valid class, but when the issue does arise it tends
728 to be quite annoying to debug.
730 So for instance, this:
732 subtype DateTime => as Object => where { $_->isa('DateTime') };
734 will I<Just Work>, while this:
737 subtype DateTime => as Object => where { $_->isa('DateTime') };
739 will fail silently and cause many headaches. The simple way to solve
740 this, as well as future proof your subtypes from classes which have
741 yet to have been created yet, is to simply do this:
744 subtype 'DateTime' => as 'Object' => where { $_->isa('DateTime') };
746 =head2 Default Type Constraints
748 This module also provides a simple hierarchy for Perl 5 types, here is
749 that hierarchy represented visually.
773 B<NOTE:> Any type followed by a type parameter C<[`a]> can be
774 parameterized, this means you can say:
776 ArrayRef[Int] # an array of integers
777 HashRef[CodeRef] # a hash of str to CODE ref mappings
778 Maybe[Str] # value may be a string, may be undefined
780 If Moose finds a name in brackets that it does not recognize as an
781 existing type, it assumes that this is a class name, for example
782 C<ArrayRef[DateTime]>.
784 B<NOTE:> Unless you parameterize a type, then it is invalid to
785 include the square brackets. I.e. C<ArrayRef[]> will be
786 literally interpreted as a type name.
788 B<NOTE:> The C<Undef> type constraint for the most part works
789 correctly now, but edge cases may still exist, please use it
792 B<NOTE:> The C<ClassName> type constraint does a complex package
793 existence check. This means that your class B<must> be loaded for
794 this type constraint to pass. I know this is not ideal for all,
795 but it is a saner restriction than most others.
797 =head2 Type Constraint Naming
799 Type name declared via this module can only contain alphanumeric
800 characters, colons (:), and periods (.).
802 Since the types created by this module are global, it is suggested
803 that you namespace your types just as you would namespace your
804 modules. So instead of creating a I<Color> type for your B<My::Graphics>
805 module, you would call the type I<My.Graphics.Color> instead.
807 =head2 Use with Other Constraint Modules
809 This module should play fairly nicely with other constraint
810 modules with only some slight tweaking. The C<where> clause
811 in types is expected to be a C<CODE> reference which checks
812 it's first argument and returns a boolean. Since most constraint
813 modules work in a similar way, it should be simple to adapt
814 them to work with Moose.
816 For instance, this is how you could use it with
817 L<Declare::Constraints::Simple> to declare a completely new type.
819 type 'HashOfArrayOfObjects'
822 -values => IsArrayRef( IsObject ));
824 For more examples see the F<t/200_examples/204_example_w_DCS.t>
827 Here is an example of using L<Test::Deep> and it's non-test
828 related C<eq_deeply> function.
830 type 'ArrayOfHashOfBarsAndRandomNumbers'
833 array_each(subhashof({
835 random_number => ignore()
839 For a complete example see the
840 F<t/200_examples/205_example_w_TestDeep.t> test file.
844 =head2 Type Constraint Constructors
846 The following functions are used to create type constraints.
847 They will then register the type constraints in a global store
848 where Moose can get to them if it needs to.
850 See the L<SYNOPSIS> for an example of how to use these.
854 =item B<type ($name, $where_clause)>
856 This creates a base type, which has no parent.
858 =item B<subtype ($name, $parent, $where_clause, ?$message)>
860 This creates a named subtype.
862 If you provide a parent that Moose does not recognize, it will
863 automatically create a new class type constraint for this name.
865 =item B<subtype ($parent, $where_clause, ?$message)>
867 This creates an unnamed subtype and will return the type
868 constraint meta-object, which will be an instance of
869 L<Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint>.
871 =item B<class_type ($class, ?$options)>
873 Creates a type constraint with the name C<$class> and the metaclass
874 L<Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Class>.
876 =item B<role_type ($role, ?$options)>
878 Creates a type constraint with the name C<$role> and the metaclass
879 L<Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Role>.
881 =item B<maybe_type ($type)>
883 Creates a type constraint for either C<undef> or something of the
886 =item B<enum ($name, @values)>
888 This will create a basic subtype for a given set of strings.
889 The resulting constraint will be a subtype of C<Str> and
890 will match any of the items in C<@values>. It is case sensitive.
891 See the L<SYNOPSIS> for a simple example.
893 B<NOTE:> This is not a true proper enum type, it is simply
894 a convenient constraint builder.
896 =item B<enum (\@values)>
898 If passed an ARRAY reference instead of the C<$name>, C<@values> pair,
899 this will create an unnamed enum. This can then be used in an attribute
902 has 'sort_order' => (
904 isa => enum([qw[ ascending descending ]]),
909 This is just sugar for the type constraint construction syntax.
913 This is just sugar for the type constraint construction syntax.
915 Takes a block/code ref as an argument. When the type constraint is
916 tested, the supplied code is run with the value to be tested in
917 $_. This block should return true or false to indicate whether or not
918 the constraint check passed.
922 This is just sugar for the type constraint construction syntax.
924 Takes a block/code ref as an argument. When the type constraint fails,
925 then the code block is run (with the value provided in $_). This code
926 ref should return a string, which will be used in the text of the
931 This can be used to define a "hand optimized" version of your
932 type constraint which can be used to avoid traversing a subtype
933 constraint hierarchy.
935 B<NOTE:> You should only use this if you know what you are doing,
936 all the built in types use this, so your subtypes (assuming they
937 are shallow) will not likely need to use this.
941 =head2 Type Coercion Constructors
943 Type constraints can also contain type coercions as well. If you
944 ask your accessor to coerce, then Moose will run the type-coercion
945 code first, followed by the type constraint check. This feature
946 should be used carefully as it is very powerful and could easily
947 take off a limb if you are not careful.
949 See the L<SYNOPSIS> for an example of how to use these.
957 This is just sugar for the type coercion construction syntax.
961 This is just sugar for the type coercion construction syntax.
965 =head2 Type Constraint Construction & Locating
969 =item B<normalize_type_constraint_name ($type_constraint_name)>
971 Given a string that is expected to match a type constraint, will normalize the
972 string so that extra whitespace and newlines are removed.
974 =item B<create_type_constraint_union ($pipe_separated_types | @type_constraint_names)>
976 Given string with C<$pipe_separated_types> or a list of C<@type_constraint_names>,
977 this will return a L<Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Union> instance.
979 =item B<create_parameterized_type_constraint ($type_name)>
981 Given a C<$type_name> in the form of:
983 BaseType[ContainerType]
985 this will extract the base type and container type and build an instance of
986 L<Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterized> for it.
988 =item B<create_class_type_constraint ($class, ?$options)>
990 Given a class name it will create a new L<Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Class>
991 object for that class name.
993 =item B<create_role_type_constraint ($role, ?$options)>
995 Given a role name it will create a new L<Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Role>
996 object for that role name.
998 =item B<create_enum_type_constraint ($name, $values)>
1000 =item B<find_or_parse_type_constraint ($type_name)>
1002 This will attempt to find or create a type constraint given the a C<$type_name>.
1003 If it cannot find it in the registry, it will see if it should be a union or
1004 container type an create one if appropriate
1006 =item B<find_or_create_type_constraint ($type_name, ?$options_for_anon_type)>
1008 This function will first call C<find_or_parse_type_constraint> with the type name.
1010 If no type is found or created, but C<$options_for_anon_type> are provided, it
1011 will create the corresponding type.
1013 This was used by the C<does> and C<isa> parameters to L<Moose::Meta::Attribute>
1014 and are now superseded by C<find_or_create_isa_type_constraint> and
1015 C<find_or_create_does_type_constraint>.
1017 =item B<find_or_create_isa_type_constraint ($type_name)>
1019 =item B<find_or_create_does_type_constraint ($type_name)>
1021 Attempts to parse the type name using C<find_or_parse_type_constraint> and if
1022 no appropriate constraint is found will create a new anonymous one.
1024 The C<isa> variant will use C<create_class_type_constraint> and the C<does>
1025 variant will use C<create_role_type_constraint>.
1027 =item B<find_type_constraint ($type_name)>
1029 This function can be used to locate a specific type constraint
1030 meta-object, of the class L<Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint> or a
1031 derivative. What you do with it from there is up to you :)
1033 =item B<register_type_constraint ($type_object)>
1035 This function will register a named type constraint with the type registry.
1037 =item B<get_type_constraint_registry>
1039 Fetch the L<Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Registry> object which
1040 keeps track of all type constraints.
1042 =item B<list_all_type_constraints>
1044 This will return a list of type constraint names, you can then
1045 fetch them using C<find_type_constraint ($type_name)> if you
1048 =item B<list_all_builtin_type_constraints>
1050 This will return a list of builtin type constraints, meaning,
1051 those which are defined in this module. See the section
1052 labeled L<Default Type Constraints> for a complete list.
1054 =item B<export_type_constraints_as_functions>
1056 This will export all the current type constraints as functions
1057 into the caller's namespace. Right now, this is mostly used for
1058 testing, but it might prove useful to others.
1060 =item B<get_all_parameterizable_types>
1062 This returns all the parameterizable types that have been registered.
1064 =item B<add_parameterizable_type ($type)>
1066 Adds C<$type> to the list of parameterizable types
1070 =head2 Namespace Management
1076 This will remove all the type constraint keywords from the
1077 calling class namespace.
1083 All complex software has bugs lurking in it, and this module is no
1084 exception. If you find a bug please either email me, or add the bug
1089 Stevan Little E<lt>stevan@iinteractive.comE<gt>
1091 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
1093 Copyright 2006-2009 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.
1095 L<http://www.iinteractive.com>
1097 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
1098 it under the same terms as Perl itself.