5 Moose::Manual - What is Moose, and how do I use it?
9 Moose is a I<complete> object system for Perl 5. Consider any modern
10 object-oriented language (which Perl 5 definitely isn't). It provides
11 keywords for attribute declaration, object construction, inheritance,
12 and maybe more. These keywords are part of the language, and you don't
13 care how they are implemented.
15 Moose aims to do the same thing for Perl 5 OO. We can't actually
16 create new keywords, but we do offer "sugar" that looks a lot like
17 them. More importantly, with Moose, you I<define your class
18 declaratively>, without needing to know about blessed hashrefs,
19 accessor methods, and so on.
21 With Moose, you can concentrate on the I<logical> structure of your
22 classes, focusing on "what" rather than "how". A class definition with
23 Moose reads like a list of very concise English sentences.
25 Moose is built in top of C<Class::MOP>, a meta-object protocol (aka
26 MOP). Using the MOP, Moose provides complete introspection for all
27 Moose-using classes. This means you can ask classes about their
28 attributes, parents, children, methods, etc., all using a well-defined
29 API. The MOP abstracts away the symbol table, looking at C<@ISA> vars,
30 and all the other crufty Perl tricks we know and love(?).
32 Moose is based in large part on the Perl 6 object system, as well as
33 drawing on the best ideas from CLOS, Smalltalk, and many other
38 Moose makes Perl 5 OO both simpler and more powerful. It encapsulates
39 Perl 5 power tools in high-level declarative APIs which are easy to
40 use. Best of all, you don't need to be a wizard to use it.
42 But if you want to dig about in the guts, Moose lets you do that too,
43 by using and extending its powerful introspection API.
62 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
64 This is a I<complete and usable> class definition!
81 handles => { 'date_of_last_login' => 'date' },
88 return 0 if $pw ne $self->password;
90 $self->last_login( DateTime->now() );
96 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
98 We'll leave the line-by-line explanation of this code to other
99 documentation, but you can see how Moose reduces common OO idioms to
100 simple declarative constructs.
102 =head2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
104 This manual consists of a number of documents.
108 =item L<Moose::Manual::Concepts>
110 Introduces Moose concepts, and contrasts them against "old school"
113 =item L<Moose::Manual::Classes>
115 How do you make use of Moose in your classes? Now that I'm a Moose,
116 how do I subclass something?
118 =item L<Moose::Manual::Attributes>
120 Attributes are a core part of the Moose OO system. An attribute is a
121 piece of data that an object has. Moose has a lot of attribute-related
124 =item L<Moose::Manual::Delegation>
126 Delegation is a powerful way to make use of attribute which are
129 =item L<Moose::Manual::Construction>
131 Learn how objects are built in Moose, and in particular about the
132 C<BUILD> and C<BUILDARGS> methods. Also covers object destruction
135 =item L<Moose::Manual::MethodModifiers>
137 A method modifier lets you say "before calling method X, do this
138 first", or "wrap method X in this code". Method modifiers are
139 particularly handy in roles and with attribute accessors.
141 =item L<Moose::Manual::Roles>
143 A role is something a class does (like "Debuggable" or
144 "Printable"). Roles provide a way of adding behavior to classes that
145 is orthogonal to inheritance.
147 =item L<Moose::Manual::Types>
149 Moose's type system lets you strictly define what values an attribute
152 =item L<Moose::Manual::MOP>
154 Moose's meta API system lets you ask classes about their parents,
155 children, methods, attributes, etc.
157 =item L<Moose::Manual::MooseX>
159 This document shows a few of the most useful Moose extensions on CPAN.
161 =item L<Moose::Manual::BestPractices>
163 Moose has a lot of features, and there's definitely more than one way
164 to do it. However, we think that picking a subset of these features
165 and using them consistently makes everyone's life easier.
171 If you're still still asking yourself "Why do I need this?", then this
176 =item Another object system!?!?
178 Yes, we know there are many, many ways to build objects in Perl 5,
179 many of them based on inside-out objects and other such things. Moose
180 is different because it is not a new object system for Perl 5, but
181 instead an extension of the existing object system.
183 Moose is built on top of L<Class::MOP>, which is a metaclass system
184 for Perl 5. This means that Moose not only makes building normal
185 Perl 5 objects better, but it also provides the power of metaclass
188 =item Is this for real? Or is this just an experiment?
190 Moose is I<based> on the prototypes and experiments Stevan did for the
191 Perl 6 meta-model. However, Moose is B<NOT> an experiment or
192 prototype; it is for B<real>.
194 =item Is this ready for use in production?
198 Moose has been used successfully in production environments by many
199 people and companies. There are Moose applications which have been in
200 production with little or no issue now for years. We consider it
201 highly stable and we are committed to keeping it stable.
203 Of course, in the end, you need to make this call yourself. If you
204 have any questions or concerns, please feel free to email Stevan, the
205 moose@perl.org list, or just stop by irc.perl.org#moose and ask away.
207 =item Is Moose just Perl 6 in Perl 5?
209 No. While Moose is very much inspired by Perl 6, it is not itself Perl
210 6. Instead, it is an OO system for Perl 5. Stevan built Moose because
211 he was tired of writing the same old boring Perl 5 OO code, and
212 drooling over Perl 6 OO. So instead of switching to Ruby, he wrote
215 =item Wait, I<post> modern, I thought it was just I<modern>?
217 Stevan read Larry Wall's talk from the 1999 Linux World entitled
218 "Perl, the first postmodern computer language" in which he talks about
219 how he picked the features for Perl because he thought they were cool
220 and he threw out the ones that he thought sucked. This got him
221 thinking about how we have done the same thing in Moose. For Moose, we
222 have "borrowed" features from Perl 6, CLOS (LISP), Smalltalk, Java,
223 BETA, OCaml, Ruby and more, and the bits we didn't like (cause they
224 sucked) we tossed aside. So for this reason (and a few others) Stevan
225 has re-dubbed Moose a I<postmodern> object system.
233 Dave Rolsky E<lt>autarch@urth.orgE<gt>
235 Stevan Little E<lt>stevan@iinteractive.comE<gt>
237 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
239 Copyright 2008-2009 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.
241 L<http://www.iinteractive.com>
243 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
244 it under the same terms as Perl itself.