7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Componentised Class::Accessor::Grouped/;
11 shift->mk_classaccessor(@_);
14 sub mk_classaccessor {
16 $self->mk_group_accessors('inherited', $_[0]);
17 $self->set_inherited(@_) if @_ > 1;
20 sub component_base_class { 'DBIx::Class' }
22 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
23 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
24 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
28 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
29 my ($class,$code,@attrs) = @_;
30 $class->mk_classdata('__attr_cache' => {})
31 unless $class->can('__attr_cache');
32 $class->__attr_cache->{$code} = [@attrs];
38 my $cache = $self->can('__attr_cache') ? $self->__attr_cache : {};
39 my $rest = eval { $self->next::method };
40 return $@ ? $cache : { %$cache, %$rest };
47 DBIx::Class - Extensible and flexible object <-> relational mapper.
51 Create a schema class called DB/Main.pm:
54 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
56 __PACKAGE__->load_classes();
60 Create a table class to represent artists, who have many CDs, in DB/Main/Artist.pm:
62 package DB::Main::Artist;
63 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
65 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/);
66 __PACKAGE__->table('artist');
67 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ artistid name /);
68 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('artistid');
69 __PACKAGE__->has_many(cds => 'DB::Main::CD');
73 A table class to represent a CD, which belongs to an artist, in DB/Main/CD.pm:
76 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
78 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/);
79 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
80 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ cdid artist title year /);
81 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('cdid');
82 __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(artist => 'DB::Main::Artist');
86 Then you can use these classes in your application's code:
88 # Connect to your database.
90 my $schema = DB::Main->connect($dbi_dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_params);
92 # Query for all artists and put them in an array,
93 # or retrieve them as a result set object.
94 my @all_artists = $schema->resultset('Artist')->all;
95 my $all_artists_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist');
97 # Create a result set to search for artists.
98 # This does not query the DB.
99 my $johns_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist')->search(
100 # Build your WHERE using an SQL::Abstract structure:
101 { name => { like => 'John%' } }
104 # Execute a joined query to get the cds.
105 my @all_john_cds = $johns_rs->search_related('cds')->all;
107 # Fetch only the next row.
108 my $first_john = $johns_rs->next;
110 # Specify ORDER BY on the query.
111 my $first_john_cds_by_title_rs = $first_john->cds(
113 { order_by => 'title' }
116 # Create a result set that will fetch the artist relationship
117 # at the same time as it fetches CDs, using only one query.
118 my $millennium_cds_rs = $schema->resultset('CD')->search(
120 { prefetch => 'artist' }
123 my $cd = $millennium_cds_rs->next; # SELECT ... FROM cds JOIN artists ...
124 my $cd_artist_name = $cd->artist->name; # Already has the data so no query
126 my $new_cd = $schema->resultset('CD')->new({ title => 'Spoon' });
127 $new_cd->artist($cd->artist);
128 $new_cd->insert; # Auto-increment primary key filled in after INSERT
129 $new_cd->title('Fork');
131 $schema->txn_do(sub { $new_cd->update }); # Runs the update in a transaction
133 $millennium_cds_rs->update({ year => 2002 }); # Single-query bulk update
137 This is an SQL to OO mapper with an object API inspired by L<Class::DBI>
138 (and a compatibility layer as a springboard for porting) and a resultset API
139 that allows abstract encapsulation of database operations. It aims to make
140 representing queries in your code as perl-ish as possible while still
141 providing access to as many of the capabilities of the database as possible,
142 including retrieving related records from multiple tables in a single query,
143 JOIN, LEFT JOIN, COUNT, DISTINCT, GROUP BY and HAVING support.
145 DBIx::Class can handle multi-column primary and foreign keys, complex
146 queries and database-level paging, and does its best to only query the
147 database in order to return something you've directly asked for. If a
148 resultset is used as an iterator it only fetches rows off the statement
149 handle as requested in order to minimise memory usage. It has auto-increment
150 support for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and DB2 and is
151 known to be used in production on at least the first four, and is fork-
152 and thread-safe out of the box (although your DBD may not be).
154 This project is still under rapid development, so large new features may be
155 marked EXPERIMENTAL - such APIs are still usable but may have edge bugs.
156 Failing test cases are *always* welcome and point releases are put out rapidly
157 as bugs are found and fixed.
159 We do our best to maintain full backwards compatibility for published
160 APIs, since DBIx::Class is used in production in many organisations,
161 and even backwards incompatible changes to non-published APIs will be fixed
162 if they're reported and doing so doesn't cost the codebase anything.
164 The test suite is quite substantial, and several developer releases are
165 generally made to CPAN before the -current branch is merged back to trunk for
168 The community can be found via:
170 Mailing list: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/dbix-class/
172 SVN: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/bast/DBIx-Class/
174 IRC: irc.perl.org#dbix-class
176 =head1 WHERE TO GO NEXT
178 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap> lists each task you might want help on, and
179 the modules where you will find documentation.
183 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
185 (I mostly consider myself "project founder" these days but the AUTHOR heading
190 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <alex_hartmaier@hotmail.com>
192 aherzog: Adam Herzog <adam@herzogdesigns.com>
194 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
198 ash: Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>
200 blblack: Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>
202 bluefeet: Aran Deltac <bluefeet@cpan.org>
204 captainL: Luke Saunders <luke.saunders@gmail.com>
206 castaway: Jess Robinson
208 claco: Christopher H. Laco
212 da5id: David Jack Olrik <djo@cpan.org>
214 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
216 dnm: Justin Wheeler <jwheeler@datademons.com>
218 draven: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
220 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
222 dyfrgi: Michael Leuchtenburg <michael@slashhome.org>
224 gphat: Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
228 jguenther: Justin Guenther <jguenther@cpan.org>
230 jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
232 jshirley: J. Shirley <jshirley@gmail.com>
234 konobi: Scott McWhirter
236 LTJake: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
238 mattlaw: Matt Lawrence
240 ned: Neil de Carteret
242 nigel: Nigel Metheringham <nigelm@cpan.org>
244 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
246 Numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
248 paulm: Paul Makepeace
250 penguin: K J Cheetham
252 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
254 quicksilver: Jules Bean
256 sc_: Just Another Perl Hacker
258 scotty: Scotty Allen <scotty@scottyallen.com>
260 sszabo: Stephan Szabo <sszabo@bigpanda.com>
264 typester: Daisuke Murase <typester@cpan.org>
266 victori: Victor Igumnov <victori@cpan.org>
270 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
272 zamolxes: Bogdan Lucaciu <bogdan@wiz.ro>
276 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.