1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
4 use base 'DBIx::Class::Storage';
8 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
10 use SQL::Abstract::Limit;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
13 use Scalar::Util qw/blessed weaken/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
16 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts
17 _conn_pid _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit savepoints/
20 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
21 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
22 my @storage_options = qw/
23 on_connect_do on_disconnect_do disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
28 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
29 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIC::SQL::Abstract');
36 package # Hide from PAUSE
37 DBIC::SQL::Abstract; # Would merge upstream, but nate doesn't reply :(
39 use base qw/SQL::Abstract::Limit/;
41 # This prevents the caching of $dbh in S::A::L, I believe
43 my $self = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
45 # If limit_dialect is a ref (like a $dbh), go ahead and replace
46 # it with what it resolves to:
47 $self->{limit_dialect} = $self->_find_syntax($self->{limit_dialect})
48 if ref $self->{limit_dialect};
54 my ($self, $sql, $order, $rows, $offset ) = @_;
57 my $last = $rows + $offset;
58 my ( $order_by ) = $self->_order_by( $order );
63 SELECT Q1.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER( ) AS ROW_NUM FROM (
68 WHERE ROW_NUM BETWEEN $offset AND $last
74 # While we're at it, this should make LIMIT queries more efficient,
75 # without digging into things too deeply
76 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
78 my ($self, $syntax) = @_;
79 my $dbhname = blessed($syntax) ? $syntax->{Driver}{Name} : $syntax;
80 if(ref($self) && $dbhname && $dbhname eq 'DB2') {
81 return 'RowNumberOver';
84 $self->{_cached_syntax} ||= $self->SUPER::_find_syntax($syntax);
88 my ($self, $table, $fields, $where, $order, @rest) = @_;
89 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
90 local $self->{rownum_hack_count} = 1
91 if (defined $rest[0] && $self->{limit_dialect} eq 'RowNum');
92 @rest = (-1) unless defined $rest[0];
93 die "LIMIT 0 Does Not Compute" if $rest[0] == 0;
94 # and anyway, SQL::Abstract::Limit will cause a barf if we don't first
95 local $self->{having_bind} = [];
96 my ($sql, @ret) = $self->SUPER::select(
97 $table, $self->_recurse_fields($fields), $where, $order, @rest
102 $self->{for} eq 'update' ? ' FOR UPDATE' :
103 $self->{for} eq 'shared' ? ' FOR SHARE' :
108 return wantarray ? ($sql, @ret, @{$self->{having_bind}}) : $sql;
114 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
115 $self->SUPER::insert($table, @_);
121 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
122 $self->SUPER::update($table, @_);
128 $table = $self->_quote($table) unless ref($table);
129 $self->SUPER::delete($table, @_);
135 return $_[1].$self->_order_by($_[2]);
137 return $self->SUPER::_emulate_limit(@_);
141 sub _recurse_fields {
142 my ($self, $fields, $params) = @_;
143 my $ref = ref $fields;
144 return $self->_quote($fields) unless $ref;
145 return $$fields if $ref eq 'SCALAR';
147 if ($ref eq 'ARRAY') {
148 return join(', ', map {
149 $self->_recurse_fields($_)
150 .(exists $self->{rownum_hack_count} && !($params && $params->{no_rownum_hack})
151 ? ' AS col'.$self->{rownum_hack_count}++
154 } elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') {
155 foreach my $func (keys %$fields) {
156 return $self->_sqlcase($func)
157 .'( '.$self->_recurse_fields($fields->{$func}).' )';
166 if (ref $_[0] eq 'HASH') {
167 if (defined $_[0]->{group_by}) {
168 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' group by ')
169 .$self->_recurse_fields($_[0]->{group_by}, { no_rownum_hack => 1 });
171 if (defined $_[0]->{having}) {
173 ($frag, @extra) = $self->_recurse_where($_[0]->{having});
174 push(@{$self->{having_bind}}, @extra);
175 $ret .= $self->_sqlcase(' having ').$frag;
177 if (defined $_[0]->{order_by}) {
178 $ret .= $self->_order_by($_[0]->{order_by});
180 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'SCALAR') {
181 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ').${ $_[0] };
182 } elsif (ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' && @{$_[0]}) {
183 my @order = @{+shift};
184 $ret = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ')
186 my $r = $self->_order_by($_, @_);
187 $r =~ s/^ ?ORDER BY //i;
191 $ret = $self->SUPER::_order_by(@_);
196 sub _order_directions {
197 my ($self, $order) = @_;
198 $order = $order->{order_by} if ref $order eq 'HASH';
199 return $self->SUPER::_order_directions($order);
203 my ($self, $from) = @_;
204 if (ref $from eq 'ARRAY') {
205 return $self->_recurse_from(@$from);
206 } elsif (ref $from eq 'HASH') {
207 return $self->_make_as($from);
209 return $from; # would love to quote here but _table ends up getting called
210 # twice during an ->select without a limit clause due to
211 # the way S::A::Limit->select works. should maybe consider
212 # bypassing this and doing S::A::select($self, ...) in
213 # our select method above. meantime, quoting shims have
214 # been added to select/insert/update/delete here
219 my ($self, $from, @join) = @_;
221 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($from));
222 foreach my $j (@join) {
225 # check whether a join type exists
226 my $join_clause = '';
227 my $to_jt = ref($to) eq 'ARRAY' ? $to->[0] : $to;
228 if (ref($to_jt) eq 'HASH' and exists($to_jt->{-join_type})) {
229 $join_clause = ' '.uc($to_jt->{-join_type}).' JOIN ';
231 $join_clause = ' JOIN ';
233 push(@sqlf, $join_clause);
235 if (ref $to eq 'ARRAY') {
236 push(@sqlf, '(', $self->_recurse_from(@$to), ')');
238 push(@sqlf, $self->_make_as($to));
240 push(@sqlf, ' ON ', $self->_join_condition($on));
242 return join('', @sqlf);
246 my ($self, $from) = @_;
247 return join(' ', map { (ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' ? $$_ : $self->_quote($_)) }
248 reverse each %{$self->_skip_options($from)});
252 my ($self, $hash) = @_;
254 $clean_hash->{$_} = $hash->{$_}
255 for grep {!/^-/} keys %$hash;
259 sub _join_condition {
260 my ($self, $cond) = @_;
261 if (ref $cond eq 'HASH') {
266 # XXX no throw_exception() in this package and croak() fails with strange results
267 Carp::croak(ref($v) . qq{ reference arguments are not supported in JOINS - try using \"..." instead'})
268 if ref($v) ne 'SCALAR';
272 my $x = '= '.$self->_quote($v); $j{$_} = \$x;
275 return scalar($self->_recurse_where(\%j));
276 } elsif (ref $cond eq 'ARRAY') {
277 return join(' OR ', map { $self->_join_condition($_) } @$cond);
279 die "Can't handle this yet!";
284 my ($self, $label) = @_;
285 return '' unless defined $label;
286 return "*" if $label eq '*';
287 return $label unless $self->{quote_char};
288 if(ref $self->{quote_char} eq "ARRAY"){
289 return $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $label . $self->{quote_char}->[1]
290 if !defined $self->{name_sep};
291 my $sep = $self->{name_sep};
292 return join($self->{name_sep},
293 map { $self->{quote_char}->[0] . $_ . $self->{quote_char}->[1] }
294 split(/\Q$sep\E/,$label));
296 return $self->SUPER::_quote($label);
301 $self->{limit_dialect} = shift if @_;
302 return $self->{limit_dialect};
307 $self->{quote_char} = shift if @_;
308 return $self->{quote_char};
313 $self->{name_sep} = shift if @_;
314 return $self->{name_sep};
317 } # End of BEGIN block
321 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
327 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
328 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
329 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
336 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
338 $new->transaction_depth(0);
339 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
340 $new->{savepoints} = [];
341 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
342 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
349 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
350 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
352 The argument list may contain:
358 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to L<DBI/connect>,
359 optionally followed by L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
360 recognized by DBIx::Class:
362 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_attributes, \%extra_attributes ];
366 A lone code reference which returns a connected L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
367 optinally followed by L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
368 recognized by DBIx::Class:
370 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes ];
374 A lone hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/pass mixed together:
376 $connect_info_args = [{
384 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
390 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
399 Please note that the L<DBI> docs
400 recommend that you always explicitly set C<AutoCommit> to either
401 C<0> or C<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further recommends that it be set
402 to C<1>, and that you perform transactions via our L</txn_do>
403 method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it to C<1> if you do not do explicitly
404 set it to zero. This is the default for most DBDs. See
405 L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
407 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
409 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
410 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
411 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
412 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
413 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
415 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
416 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
417 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
424 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
425 the database. Its value may contain:
429 =item an array reference
431 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
432 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
434 =item a code reference
436 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
437 array reference, its return value is ignored.
441 =item on_disconnect_do
443 Takes arguments in the same form as L<on_connect_do> and executes them
444 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
446 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L<disconnect> on the
449 =item disable_sth_caching
451 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
452 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
456 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
457 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
462 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
463 you use this you will want to specify L<name_sep> as well.
465 quote_char expects either a single character, in which case is it is placed
466 on either side of the table/column, or an arrayref of length 2 in which case the
467 table/column name is placed between the elements.
469 For example under MySQL you'd use C<quote_char =E<gt> '`'>, and user SQL Server you'd
470 use C<quote_char =E<gt> [qw/[ ]/]>.
474 This only needs to be used in conjunction with L<quote_char>, and is used to
475 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
476 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
480 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
481 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
482 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
483 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
485 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
486 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
487 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
488 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
490 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
491 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
492 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
496 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
497 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
498 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
502 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
504 # Simple SQLite connection
505 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
508 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
510 # A bit more complicated
517 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
521 # Equivalent to the previous example
527 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
531 # Same, but with hashref as argument
532 # See C<parse_connect_info> for explanation
535 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
537 password => 'my_pg_password',
544 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
547 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
551 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
552 disable_sth_caching => 1,
562 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
564 return $self->_connect_info if !$info_arg;
566 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
567 $self->_connect_info([@args]); # copy for _connect_info
570 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
573 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
574 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
577 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
578 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
580 for (qw/password user dsn/) {
581 unshift @args, delete $attrs{$_};
584 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/pass + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
586 % { $args[3] || {} },
587 % { $args[4] || {} },
589 @args = @args[0,1,2];
592 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
593 # the new set of options
594 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
595 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
598 for my $storage_opt (@storage_options, 'cursor_class') { # @storage_options is declared at the top of the module
599 if(my $value = delete $attrs{$storage_opt}) {
600 $self->$storage_opt($value);
603 for my $sql_maker_opt (qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/) {
604 if(my $opt_val = delete $attrs{$sql_maker_opt}) {
605 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $opt_val;
610 %attrs = () if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE'); # _connect() never looks past $args[0] in this case
612 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args, keys %attrs ? \%attrs : ()]);
613 $self->_connect_info;
618 This method is deprecated in favor of setting via L</connect_info>.
623 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
625 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
626 connection management.
628 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
629 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
630 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
632 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
633 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
635 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
636 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
637 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
641 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
643 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
644 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
645 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
656 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
658 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
659 || $self->{transaction_depth};
661 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
664 my $want_array = wantarray;
667 $self->_verify_pid if $dbh;
669 $self->_populate_dbh;
674 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
676 elsif(defined $want_array) {
677 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
680 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
685 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
687 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
689 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
690 # exception fall right through this time
691 $self->_populate_dbh;
692 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
695 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
696 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
697 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
702 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
703 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
705 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
707 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
710 my $want_array = wantarray;
715 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
716 $self->_populate_dbh if !$self->_dbh;
720 @result = $coderef->(@_);
722 elsif(defined $want_array) {
723 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
732 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
734 if($tried++ > 0 || $self->connected) {
735 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
736 my $rollback_exception = $@;
737 if($rollback_exception) {
738 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
739 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
740 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
742 $self->throw_exception(
743 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
744 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
747 $self->throw_exception($exception)
750 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
752 $self->_populate_dbh;
758 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
759 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
766 if( $self->connected ) {
767 my $connection_do = $self->on_disconnect_do;
768 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
770 $self->_dbh->rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
771 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
777 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
781 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
783 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
787 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
788 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
792 # Storage subclasses should override this
793 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
794 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
802 if(my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
803 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
810 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
812 return ($dbh->FETCH('Active') && $dbh->ping);
818 # handle pid changes correctly
819 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
823 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
825 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
832 sub ensure_connected {
835 unless ($self->connected) {
836 $self->_populate_dbh;
842 Returns the dbh - a data base handle of class L<DBI>.
849 $self->ensure_connected;
853 sub _sql_maker_args {
856 return ( bindtype=>'columns', limit_dialect => $self->dbh, %{$self->_sql_maker_opts} );
861 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
862 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
863 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
865 return $self->_sql_maker;
872 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
873 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
875 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
876 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
877 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
879 if(ref $self eq 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI') {
880 my $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
881 if ($self->load_optional_class("DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}")) {
882 bless $self, "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
887 my $connection_do = $self->on_connect_do;
888 $self->_do_connection_actions($connection_do) if ref($connection_do);
890 $self->_conn_pid($$);
891 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
894 sub _do_connection_actions {
896 my $connection_do = shift;
898 if (ref $connection_do eq 'ARRAY') {
899 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$connection_do;
901 elsif (ref $connection_do eq 'CODE') {
909 my ($self, $action) = @_;
911 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
912 $action = $action->($self);
913 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
916 my @to_run = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
917 $self->_query_start(@to_run);
918 $self->_dbh->do(@to_run);
919 $self->_query_end(@to_run);
926 my ($self, @info) = @_;
928 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
931 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
933 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
934 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
935 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
939 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
943 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
946 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
947 my $weak_self = $self;
949 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
951 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
954 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
957 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
958 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
959 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
963 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
965 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
968 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
974 my ($self, $name) = @_;
976 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
977 unless defined $name;
979 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
980 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
982 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
983 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
985 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
987 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
989 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
993 my ($self, $name) = @_;
995 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
996 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
998 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
999 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1001 if (defined $name) {
1002 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1003 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1005 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1006 # the stack up to date.
1009 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1011 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1014 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1016 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1020 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1022 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1023 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1025 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1026 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1028 if (defined $name) {
1029 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1030 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1031 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1034 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1035 # the stack up to date.
1036 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1037 last if($s eq $name);
1039 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1040 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1041 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1043 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1044 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1047 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1049 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1052 sub _svp_generate_name {
1055 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1060 $self->ensure_connected();
1061 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1062 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1064 # this isn't ->_dbh-> because
1065 # we should reconnect on begin_work
1066 # for AutoCommit users
1067 $self->dbh->begin_work;
1068 } elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1071 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1076 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1077 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1078 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1081 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1082 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1084 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1085 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1087 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1093 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1095 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1096 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1098 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1099 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1102 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1103 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1104 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1105 $self->svp_rollback;
1110 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1115 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1116 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1117 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1118 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1119 $self->throw_exception($error);
1123 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1124 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1125 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1126 sub _prep_for_execute {
1127 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1129 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1131 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1134 return ($sql, \@bind);
1137 sub _fix_bind_params {
1138 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1140 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1141 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1143 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1146 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1147 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1154 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1156 if ( $self->debug ) {
1157 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1159 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1164 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1166 if ( $self->debug ) {
1167 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1168 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1173 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1175 if( blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1176 $ident = $ident->from();
1179 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1181 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1183 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1185 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1187 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1188 my $attributes = {};
1189 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1191 if ($bind_attributes) {
1192 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1193 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1196 foreach my $data (@data) {
1197 $data = ref $data ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args
1199 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1200 $placeholder_index++;
1204 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1205 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1206 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1208 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1210 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1215 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_)
1219 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1221 my $ident = $source->from;
1222 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1224 $self->ensure_connected;
1225 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1226 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1227 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1229 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1230 $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch( 'nextval', $col_info->{sequence} || $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->dbh, $source) );
1235 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1240 ## Still not quite perfect, and EXPERIMENTAL
1241 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1242 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1243 ## only prepped once.
1245 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1247 my $table = $source->from;
1248 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1249 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->insert($table, \%colvalues);
1251 $self->_query_start( $sql, @bind );
1252 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1254 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1256 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1258 my $tuple_status = [];
1261 ##print STDERR Dumper( $data, $sql, [@bind] );
1265 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1266 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1268 ## Bind the values and execute
1269 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1271 foreach my $bound (@bind) {
1273 my $attributes = {};
1274 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1276 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1277 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1278 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1281 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1283 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1284 $placeholder_index++;
1286 my $rv = $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1287 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1289 $self->_query_end( $sql, @bind );
1290 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1294 my $self = shift @_;
1295 my $source = shift @_;
1296 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1298 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, @_);
1303 my $self = shift @_;
1304 my $source = shift @_;
1306 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## If ever it's needed...
1308 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @_);
1312 my ($self, $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1313 my $order = $attrs->{order_by};
1315 if (ref $condition eq 'SCALAR') {
1316 my $unwrap = ${$condition};
1317 if ($unwrap =~ s/ORDER BY (.*)$//i) {
1319 $condition = \$unwrap;
1323 my $for = delete $attrs->{for};
1324 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1325 local $sql_maker->{for} = $for;
1327 if (exists $attrs->{group_by} || $attrs->{having}) {
1329 group_by => $attrs->{group_by},
1330 having => $attrs->{having},
1331 ($order ? (order_by => $order) : ())
1334 my $bind_attrs = {}; ## Future support
1335 my @args = ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $condition, $order);
1336 if ($attrs->{software_limit} ||
1337 $self->sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ") {
1338 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1340 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1341 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1343 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1344 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1345 push @args, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1348 return $self->_execute(@args);
1351 sub source_bind_attributes {
1352 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1354 my $bind_attributes;
1355 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1357 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1358 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1362 return $bind_attributes;
1369 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1373 Handle a SQL select statement.
1379 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1380 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1385 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1386 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1387 if(@row && $sth->fetchrow_array) {
1388 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1390 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1399 =item Arguments: $sql
1403 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1408 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1410 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1411 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1412 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1413 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1415 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1416 # but apparently that's not true :(
1417 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1423 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1424 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql);
1427 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1428 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1430 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1433 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1434 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1436 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1438 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1439 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
1440 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
1441 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
1442 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
1443 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
1445 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
1448 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
1452 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
1454 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
1455 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
1457 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
1458 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
1459 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
1461 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
1462 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
1463 $column_info{size} = $2;
1466 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
1470 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
1471 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
1472 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
1474 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
1475 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
1476 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
1477 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
1484 sub columns_info_for {
1485 my ($self, $table) = @_;
1486 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_columns_info_for', $table);
1489 =head2 last_insert_id
1491 Return the row id of the last insert.
1495 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
1496 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
1497 # XXX This is a SQLite-ism as a default... is there a DBI-generic way?
1498 $dbh->func('last_insert_rowid');
1501 sub last_insert_id {
1503 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_last_insert_id', @_);
1508 Returns the database driver name.
1512 sub sqlt_type { shift->dbh->{Driver}->{Name} }
1514 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
1516 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind attribute for
1517 $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) or nothing if we will let the database planner
1520 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
1524 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
1528 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1532 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
1536 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1537 database types, in the given directory.
1539 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
1541 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
1543 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
1544 hashref like the following
1546 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
1550 sub create_ddl_dir {
1551 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
1553 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
1554 warn "No directory given, using ./\n";
1557 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
1558 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
1559 $version ||= $schema->VERSION || '1.x';
1561 add_drop_table => 1,
1562 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
1563 ignore_index_names => 1,
1567 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator 0.09: '}
1568 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1569 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1571 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
1573 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
1574 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema }) or die $sqlt->error;
1576 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
1578 $sqlt = $self->configure_sqlt($sqlt, $db);
1579 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
1580 $sqlt->producer($db);
1583 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
1584 if (-e $filename && (!$version || ($version == $schema->schema_version()))) {
1585 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
1586 warn "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
1590 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
1592 warn("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
1595 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
1596 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
1599 print $file $output;
1602 next unless ($preversion);
1604 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
1606 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
1607 if(!-e $prefilename) {
1608 warn("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
1612 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
1614 warn("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
1620 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1623 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1624 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1625 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename ) or die $t->error;
1626 $source_schema = $t->schema;
1627 unless ( $source_schema->name ) {
1628 $source_schema->name( $prefilename );
1632 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
1633 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
1634 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
1635 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
1637 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
1638 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
1641 $t->parser( $db ) or die $t->error;
1642 $t = $self->configure_sqlt($t, $db);
1643 my $out = $t->translate( $filename ) or die $t->error;
1644 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
1645 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
1646 unless $dest_schema->name;
1649 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
1653 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
1654 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
1662 sub configure_sqlt() {
1665 my $db = shift || $self->sqlt_type;
1666 if ($db eq 'PostgreSQL') {
1667 $tr->quote_table_names(0);
1668 $tr->quote_field_names(0);
1673 =head2 deployment_statements
1677 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
1681 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
1682 The database driver name is given by C<$type>, though the value from
1683 L</sqlt_type> is used if it is not specified.
1685 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
1686 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
1687 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
1689 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
1690 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
1692 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
1696 sub deployment_statements {
1697 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
1698 # Need to be connected to get the correct sqlt_type
1699 $self->ensure_connected() unless $type;
1700 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
1701 $version ||= $schema->VERSION || '1.x';
1703 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version);
1707 open($file, "<$filename")
1708 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
1711 return join('', @rows);
1714 $self->throw_exception(q{Can't deploy without SQL::Translator 0.09: '}
1715 . $self->_check_sqlt_message . q{'})
1716 if !$self->_check_sqlt_version;
1718 require SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class;
1719 eval qq{use SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}};
1720 $self->throw_exception($@) if $@;
1722 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
1724 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
1725 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
1727 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(%$sqltargs);
1728 SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class::parse( $tr, $schema );
1729 return "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}"->can('produce')->($tr);
1733 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1734 foreach my $statement ( $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { no_comments => 1, %{ $sqltargs || {} } } ) ) {
1735 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statement)) {
1736 next if($line =~ /^--/);
1738 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
1739 next if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
1740 next if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
1741 next if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
1742 $self->_query_start($line);
1744 $self->dbh->do($line); # shouldn't be using ->dbh ?
1747 warn qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
1749 $self->_query_end($line);
1754 =head2 datetime_parser
1756 Returns the datetime parser class
1760 sub datetime_parser {
1762 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
1763 $self->ensure_connected;
1764 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
1768 =head2 datetime_parser_type
1770 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
1771 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
1775 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
1777 =head2 build_datetime_parser
1779 See L</datetime_parser>
1783 sub build_datetime_parser {
1785 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
1787 $self->throw_exception("Couldn't load ${type}: $@") if $@;
1792 my $_check_sqlt_version; # private
1793 my $_check_sqlt_message; # private
1794 sub _check_sqlt_version {
1795 return $_check_sqlt_version if defined $_check_sqlt_version;
1796 eval 'use SQL::Translator "0.09"';
1797 $_check_sqlt_message = $@ || '';
1798 $_check_sqlt_version = !$@;
1801 sub _check_sqlt_message {
1802 _check_sqlt_version if !defined $_check_sqlt_message;
1803 $_check_sqlt_message;
1807 =head2 is_replicating
1809 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
1810 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
1811 returned by databases that don't support replication.
1815 sub is_replicating {
1820 =head2 lag_behind_master
1822 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
1823 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
1824 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
1828 sub lag_behind_master {
1834 return if !$self->_dbh;
1843 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
1845 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
1846 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
1847 combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
1849 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
1850 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
1851 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
1852 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
1853 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
1854 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
1855 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
1861 The module defines a set of methods within the DBIC::SQL::Abstract
1862 namespace. These build on L<SQL::Abstract::Limit> to provide the
1863 SQL query functions.
1865 The following methods are extended:-
1879 See L</connect_info> for details.
1880 For setting, this method is deprecated in favor of L</connect_info>.
1884 See L</connect_info> for details.
1885 For setting, this method is deprecated in favor of L</connect_info>.
1889 See L</connect_info> for details.
1890 For setting, this method is deprecated in favor of L</connect_info>.
1896 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1898 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
1902 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.