1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor;
13 use DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics;
16 use Data::Dumper::Concise();
19 # what version of sqlt do we require if deploy() without a ddl_dir is invoked
20 # when changing also adjust the corresponding author_require in Makefile.PL
21 my $minimum_sqlt_version = '0.11002';
24 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' =>
25 qw/_connect_info _dbi_connect_info _dbh _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _conn_pid
26 _conn_tid transaction_depth _dbh_autocommit _driver_determined savepoints/
29 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
30 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
31 my @storage_options = qw/
32 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
33 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
35 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
38 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
39 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
41 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/sql_maker_class/);
42 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLAHacks');
45 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
46 # in order to function reliably. This is a purely DRY optimization
47 my @rdbms_specific_methods = qw/
60 for my $meth (@rdbms_specific_methods) {
62 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
66 no warnings qw/redefine/;
67 *{__PACKAGE__ ."::$meth"} = Sub::Name::subname $meth => sub {
68 if (not $_[0]->_driver_determined) {
69 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
70 goto $_[0]->can($meth);
79 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
83 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
85 $schema->storage->debug(1);
87 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
89 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
90 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
95 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
96 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser(DateTime->now)
101 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
102 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
103 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
110 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
112 $new->transaction_depth(0);
113 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
114 $new->{savepoints} = [];
115 $new->{_in_dbh_do} = 0;
116 $new->{_dbh_gen} = 0;
123 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
124 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
126 The argument list may contain:
132 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
133 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
134 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
135 recognized by DBIx::Class:
137 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
141 A single code reference which returns a connected
142 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
143 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
146 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
150 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
153 $connect_info_args = [{
161 $connect_info_args = [{
162 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
167 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
168 following config (L<Config::General> style):
173 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
180 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
181 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
182 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
186 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
187 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
188 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
189 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
190 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
191 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
193 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
195 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES_COMMON_TO_ALL_HANDLES>
196 L<connection|DBI/Database_Handle_Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
197 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
198 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a seperate hashref
199 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
201 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
202 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
203 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
210 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
211 the database. Its value may contain:
217 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
219 =item an array reference
221 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
222 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
224 =item a code reference
226 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
227 array reference, its return value is ignored.
231 =item on_disconnect_do
233 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
234 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
236 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
239 =item on_connect_call
241 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
242 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
244 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
248 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
250 Its values may contain:
256 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
258 =item a code reference
260 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
262 =item an array reference
264 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
266 =item an array of arrays
268 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
269 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
273 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
279 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
280 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
288 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
292 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
293 attributes hashref and bind values.
295 =item a code reference
297 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
304 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
305 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
306 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
308 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
309 implementation details.
313 =item on_disconnect_call
315 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
316 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
318 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
319 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
321 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
324 =item disable_sth_caching
326 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
327 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
331 Sets the limit dialect. This is useful for JDBC-bridge among others
332 where the remote SQL-dialect cannot be determined by the name of the
333 driver alone. See also L<SQL::Abstract::Limit>.
337 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names. If
338 you use this you will want to specify L</name_sep> as well.
340 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
341 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
342 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
344 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
345 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
349 This only needs to be used in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
350 specify the charecter that seperates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
351 each other. In most cases this is simply a C<.>.
353 The consequences of not supplying this value is that L<SQL::Abstract>
354 will assume DBIx::Class' uses of aliases to be complete column
355 names. The output will look like I<"me.name"> when it should actually
360 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
361 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
362 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
363 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
365 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
366 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
367 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
368 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
370 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
371 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
372 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
376 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
377 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
378 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
382 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
383 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
387 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
388 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
390 # Simple SQLite connection
391 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
394 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
396 # Connect via subref in hashref
398 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
399 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
402 # A bit more complicated
409 { quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
413 # Equivalent to the previous example
419 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
423 # Same, but with hashref as argument
424 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
427 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
429 password => 'my_pg_password',
436 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
439 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
443 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
444 disable_sth_caching => 1,
454 my ($self, $info) = @_;
456 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
458 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
460 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
461 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
463 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
464 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
466 $self->$storage_opt($value);
469 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
470 # the new set of options
471 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
472 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
474 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
475 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
477 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
481 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
482 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
485 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
487 $self->_dbi_connect_info([@args,
488 %attrs && !(ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') ? \%attrs : ()]);
490 return $self->_connect_info;
493 sub _normalize_connect_info {
494 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
497 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
499 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
502 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
503 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
506 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
507 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
509 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
512 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
515 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
516 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
518 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
523 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
526 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
528 % { $args[3] || {} },
529 % { $args[4] || {} },
531 @args = @args[0,1,2];
534 $info{arguments} = \@args;
536 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
537 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
539 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
540 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
542 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
543 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep/;
545 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
546 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
548 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
553 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes {
563 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
567 =head2 on_disconnect_do
569 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
573 sub _parse_connect_do {
574 my ($self, $type) = @_;
576 my $val = $self->$type;
577 return () if not defined $val;
582 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
583 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
585 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
586 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
588 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
596 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
598 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
599 connection management.
601 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
602 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
603 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
605 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
606 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
608 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
609 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
610 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
614 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
616 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
617 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
618 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
629 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
631 return $self->$code($dbh, @_) if $self->{_in_dbh_do}
632 || $self->{transaction_depth};
634 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
637 my $want_array = wantarray;
642 @result = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
644 elsif(defined $want_array) {
645 $result[0] = $self->$code($dbh, @_);
648 $self->$code($dbh, @_);
652 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
654 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
656 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $self->connected;
658 # We were not connected - reconnect and retry, but let any
659 # exception fall right through this time
660 carp "Retrying $code after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
661 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
662 $self->_populate_dbh;
663 $self->$code($self->_dbh, @_);
666 # This is basically a blend of dbh_do above and DBIx::Class::Storage::txn_do.
667 # It also informs dbh_do to bypass itself while under the direction of txn_do,
668 # via $self->{_in_dbh_do} (this saves some redundant eval and errorcheck, etc)
673 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
674 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
676 return $coderef->(@_) if $self->{transaction_depth} && ! $self->auto_savepoint;
678 local $self->{_in_dbh_do} = 1;
681 my $want_array = wantarray;
690 @result = $coderef->(@_);
692 elsif(defined $want_array) {
693 $result[0] = $coderef->(@_);
701 # ->connected might unset $@ - copy
703 if(!$exception) { return $want_array ? @result : $result[0] }
705 if($tried++ || $self->connected) {
706 eval { $self->txn_rollback };
707 my $rollback_exception = $@;
708 if($rollback_exception) {
709 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
710 $self->throw_exception($exception) # propagate nested rollback
711 if $rollback_exception =~ /$exception_class/;
713 $self->throw_exception(
714 "Transaction aborted: ${exception}. "
715 . "Rollback failed: ${rollback_exception}"
718 $self->throw_exception($exception)
721 # We were not connected, and was first try - reconnect and retry
723 carp "Retrying $coderef after catching disconnected exception: $exception"
724 if $ENV{DBIC_DBIRETRY_DEBUG};
725 $self->_populate_dbh;
731 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
732 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
742 push @actions, ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () );
743 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do');
745 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
747 $self->_dbh_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
749 $self->_dbh->disconnect;
755 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
759 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
761 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
765 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
766 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
770 # Storage subclasses should override this
771 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
772 my ($self, $sub) = @_;
780 =item Arguments: none
782 =item Return Value: 1|0
786 Verifies that the the current database handle is active and ready to execute
787 an SQL statement (i.e. the connection did not get stale, server is still
788 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
794 return 0 unless $self->_seems_connected;
797 local $self->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
802 sub _seems_connected {
805 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
808 if(defined $self->_conn_tid && $self->_conn_tid != threads->tid) {
815 return 0 if !$self->_dbh;
818 return $dbh->FETCH('Active');
824 my $dbh = $self->_dbh or return 0;
829 # handle pid changes correctly
830 # NOTE: assumes $self->_dbh is a valid $dbh
834 return if defined $self->_conn_pid && $self->_conn_pid == $$;
836 $self->_dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
843 sub ensure_connected {
846 unless ($self->connected) {
847 $self->_populate_dbh;
853 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
854 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
855 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
856 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L<dbh_do>
864 if (not $self->_dbh) {
865 $self->_populate_dbh;
867 $self->ensure_connected;
872 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
875 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
876 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
880 sub _sql_maker_args {
885 array_datatypes => 1,
886 limit_dialect => $self->_get_dbh,
887 %{$self->_sql_maker_opts}
893 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
894 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
895 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($sql_maker_class);
896 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new( $self->_sql_maker_args ));
898 return $self->_sql_maker;
901 # nothing to do by default
908 my @info = @{$self->_dbi_connect_info || []};
909 $self->_dbh(undef); # in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
910 $self->_dbh($self->_connect(@info));
912 $self->_conn_pid($$);
913 $self->_conn_tid(threads->tid) if $INC{'threads.pm'};
915 $self->_determine_driver;
917 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
918 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
919 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
921 $self->_run_connection_actions unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
924 sub _run_connection_actions {
928 push @actions, ( $self->on_connect_call || () );
929 push @actions, $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do');
931 $self->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for @actions;
934 sub _determine_driver {
937 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
938 my $started_connected = 0;
939 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1;
941 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
943 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
944 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
945 $started_connected = 1;
947 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
948 if (ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] &&
949 Scalar::Util::reftype($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]) eq 'CODE') {
950 $self->_populate_dbh;
951 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
954 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
955 # force a connection in _rebless to determine version
956 ($driver) = $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] =~ /dbi:([^:]+):/i;
960 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
961 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
962 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3');
963 bless $self, $storage_class;
968 $self->_driver_determined(1);
970 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
972 $self->_run_connection_actions
973 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
977 sub _do_connection_actions {
979 my $method_prefix = shift;
982 if (not ref($call)) {
983 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
985 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
987 } elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
988 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
989 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
991 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
994 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1000 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1002 $self->_do_query(@_);
1005 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1007 $self->_do_query(@_);
1010 # override in db-specific backend when necessary
1011 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1014 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1016 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1017 $action = $action->($self);
1018 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1021 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1022 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1023 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1024 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1025 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1026 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1027 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1028 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1030 $self->_query_start($sql, @bind);
1031 $self->_get_dbh->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1032 $self->_query_end($sql, @bind);
1039 my ($self, @info) = @_;
1041 $self->throw_exception("You failed to provide any connection info")
1044 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1046 if ($INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
1047 $old_connect_via = $DBI::connect_via;
1048 $DBI::connect_via = 'connect';
1052 if(ref $info[0] eq 'CODE') {
1053 $dbh = $info[0]->();
1056 $dbh = DBI->connect(@info);
1059 if($dbh && !$self->unsafe) {
1060 my $weak_self = $self;
1061 Scalar::Util::weaken($weak_self);
1062 $dbh->{HandleError} = sub {
1064 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1067 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1069 croak ("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1072 $dbh->{ShowErrorStatement} = 1;
1073 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1074 $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1078 $DBI::connect_via = $old_connect_via if $old_connect_via;
1080 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: " . ($@||$DBI::errstr))
1083 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1089 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1091 $name = $self->_svp_generate_name
1092 unless defined $name;
1094 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1095 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1097 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1098 unless $self->can('_svp_begin');
1100 push @{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name;
1102 $self->debugobj->svp_begin($name) if $self->debug;
1104 return $self->_svp_begin($name);
1108 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1110 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1111 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1113 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1114 unless $self->can('_svp_release');
1116 if (defined $name) {
1117 $self->throw_exception ("Savepoint '$name' does not exist")
1118 unless grep { $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1120 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1121 # the stack up to date.
1124 do { $svp = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} } } while $svp ne $name;
1126 $name = pop @{ $self->{savepoints} };
1129 $self->debugobj->svp_release($name) if $self->debug;
1131 return $self->_svp_release($name);
1135 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1137 $self->throw_exception ("You can't use savepoints outside a transaction")
1138 if $self->{transaction_depth} == 0;
1140 $self->throw_exception ("Your Storage implementation doesn't support savepoints")
1141 unless $self->can('_svp_rollback');
1143 if (defined $name) {
1144 # If they passed us a name, verify that it exists in the stack
1145 unless(grep({ $_ eq $name } @{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1146 $self->throw_exception("Savepoint '$name' does not exist!");
1149 # Dig through the stack until we find the one we are releasing. This keeps
1150 # the stack up to date.
1151 while(my $s = pop(@{ $self->{savepoints} })) {
1152 last if($s eq $name);
1154 # Add the savepoint back to the stack, as a rollback doesn't remove the
1155 # named savepoint, only everything after it.
1156 push(@{ $self->{savepoints} }, $name);
1158 # We'll assume they want to rollback to the last savepoint
1159 $name = $self->{savepoints}->[-1];
1162 $self->debugobj->svp_rollback($name) if $self->debug;
1164 return $self->_svp_rollback($name);
1167 sub _svp_generate_name {
1170 return 'savepoint_'.scalar(@{ $self->{'savepoints'} });
1176 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1177 # (e.g. coderef $dbh)
1178 $self->ensure_connected if (! defined $self->_dbh_autocommit);
1180 if($self->{transaction_depth} == 0) {
1181 $self->debugobj->txn_begin()
1183 $self->_dbh_begin_work;
1185 elsif ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1188 $self->{transaction_depth}++;
1191 sub _dbh_begin_work {
1194 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1195 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1196 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1197 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1198 # then retried on reconnect)
1199 if ($self->{_in_dbh_do}) {
1200 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1202 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1208 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1209 $self->debugobj->txn_commit()
1212 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1213 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1215 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1216 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1218 if $self->auto_savepoint;
1224 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1225 or $self->throw_exception('cannot COMMIT on a disconnected handle');
1231 my $dbh = $self->_dbh;
1233 if ($self->{transaction_depth} == 1) {
1234 $self->debugobj->txn_rollback()
1236 $self->{transaction_depth} = 0
1237 if $self->_dbh_autocommit;
1238 $self->_dbh_rollback;
1240 elsif($self->{transaction_depth} > 1) {
1241 $self->{transaction_depth}--;
1242 if ($self->auto_savepoint) {
1243 $self->svp_rollback;
1248 die DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION->new;
1253 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
1254 $error =~ /$exception_class/ and $self->throw_exception($error);
1255 # ensure that a failed rollback resets the transaction depth
1256 $self->{transaction_depth} = $self->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1;
1257 $self->throw_exception($error);
1263 my $dbh = $self->_dbh
1264 or $self->throw_exception('cannot ROLLBACK on a disconnected handle');
1268 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1269 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1270 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1271 sub _prep_for_execute {
1272 my ($self, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $args) = @_;
1274 if( Scalar::Util::blessed($ident) && $ident->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSource") ) {
1275 $ident = $ident->from();
1278 my ($sql, @bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op($ident, @$args);
1281 map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : [ '!!dummy', $_ ] } @$extra_bind)
1283 return ($sql, \@bind);
1287 sub _fix_bind_params {
1288 my ($self, @bind) = @_;
1290 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1291 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ "cdid", 1, 3 ] )
1293 ### ( "'1'", "'1'", "'3'" )
1296 if ( defined( $_ && $_->[1] ) ) {
1297 map { qq{'$_'}; } @{$_}[ 1 .. $#$_ ];
1304 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1306 if ( $self->debug ) {
1307 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1309 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, @bind );
1314 my ( $self, $sql, @bind ) = @_;
1316 if ( $self->debug ) {
1317 @bind = $self->_fix_bind_params(@bind);
1318 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, @bind );
1323 my ($self, $dbh, $op, $extra_bind, $ident, $bind_attributes, @args) = @_;
1325 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $extra_bind, $ident, \@args);
1327 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$bind );
1329 my $sth = $self->sth($sql,$op);
1331 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1333 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1334 my $attributes = {};
1335 my($column_name, @data) = @$bound;
1337 if ($bind_attributes) {
1338 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1339 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1342 foreach my $data (@data) {
1343 my $ref = ref $data;
1344 $data = $ref && $ref ne 'ARRAY' ? ''.$data : $data; # stringify args (except arrayrefs)
1346 $sth->bind_param($placeholder_index, $data, $attributes);
1347 $placeholder_index++;
1351 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1352 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1353 $self->throw_exception($sth->errstr) if !$rv;
1355 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$bind );
1357 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1362 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_execute', @_); # retry over disconnects
1366 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1368 my $ident = $source->from;
1369 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1371 my $updated_cols = {};
1373 foreach my $col ( $source->columns ) {
1374 if ( !defined $to_insert->{$col} ) {
1375 my $col_info = $source->column_info($col);
1377 if ( $col_info->{auto_nextval} ) {
1378 $updated_cols->{$col} = $to_insert->{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1380 $col_info->{sequence} ||
1381 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source)
1387 $self->_execute('insert' => [], $source, $bind_attributes, $to_insert);
1389 return $updated_cols;
1392 ## Currently it is assumed that all values passed will be "normal", i.e. not
1393 ## scalar refs, or at least, all the same type as the first set, the statement is
1394 ## only prepped once.
1396 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
1399 @colvalues{@$cols} = (0..$#$cols);
1401 for my $i (0..$#$cols) {
1402 my $first_val = $data->[0][$i];
1403 next unless ref $first_val eq 'SCALAR';
1405 $colvalues{ $cols->[$i] } = $first_val;
1408 # check for bad data and stringify stringifiable objects
1409 my $bad_slice = sub {
1410 my ($msg, $col_idx, $slice_idx) = @_;
1411 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
1415 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 1; # don't dump objects, if any
1416 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper({
1417 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$slice_idx][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1423 for my $datum_idx (0..$#$data) {
1424 my $datum = $data->[$datum_idx];
1426 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
1427 my $val = $datum->[$col_idx];
1428 my $sqla_bind = $colvalues{ $cols->[$col_idx] };
1429 my $is_literal_sql = (ref $sqla_bind) eq 'SCALAR';
1431 if ($is_literal_sql) {
1433 $bad_slice->('bind found where literal SQL expected', $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1435 elsif ((my $reftype = ref $val) ne 'SCALAR') {
1436 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where literal SQL expected",
1437 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1439 elsif ($$val ne $$sqla_bind){
1440 $bad_slice->("inconsistent literal SQL value, expecting: '$$sqla_bind'",
1441 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1444 elsif (my $reftype = ref $val) {
1446 if (overload::Method($val, '""')) {
1447 $datum->[$col_idx] = "".$val;
1450 $bad_slice->("$reftype reference found where bind expected",
1451 $col_idx, $datum_idx);
1457 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
1458 'insert', undef, $source, [\%colvalues]
1462 my $empty_bind = 1 if (not @bind) &&
1463 (grep { ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' } values %colvalues) == @$cols;
1465 if ((not @bind) && (not $empty_bind)) {
1466 $self->throw_exception(
1467 'Cannot insert_bulk without support for placeholders'
1471 # neither _execute_array, nor _execute_inserts_with_no_binds are
1472 # atomic (even if _execute _array is a single call). Thus a safety
1474 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard unless $self->{transaction_depth} != 0;
1476 $self->_query_start( $sql, ['__BULK__'] );
1477 my $sth = $self->sth($sql);
1480 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
1481 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
1484 # @bind = map { ref $_ ? ''.$_ : $_ } @bind; # stringify args
1485 $self->_execute_array( $source, $sth, \@bind, $cols, $data );
1489 $self->_query_end( $sql, ['__BULK__'] );
1492 $guard->commit if $guard;
1494 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @bind) : $rv);
1497 sub _execute_array {
1498 my ($self, $source, $sth, $bind, $cols, $data, @extra) = @_;
1500 ## This must be an arrayref, else nothing works!
1501 my $tuple_status = [];
1503 ## Get the bind_attributes, if any exist
1504 my $bind_attributes = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1506 ## Bind the values and execute
1507 my $placeholder_index = 1;
1509 foreach my $bound (@$bind) {
1511 my $attributes = {};
1512 my ($column_name, $data_index) = @$bound;
1514 if( $bind_attributes ) {
1515 $attributes = $bind_attributes->{$column_name}
1516 if defined $bind_attributes->{$column_name};
1519 my @data = map { $_->[$data_index] } @$data;
1521 $sth->bind_param_array( $placeholder_index, [@data], $attributes );
1522 $placeholder_index++;
1526 $self->_dbh_execute_array($sth, $tuple_status, @extra);
1528 my $err = $@ || $sth->errstr;
1530 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
1531 eval { $sth->finish };
1532 $err = $@ unless $err;
1536 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
1538 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
1539 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
1541 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for populate slice:\n%s",
1542 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
1543 Data::Dumper::Concise::Dumper({
1544 map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols)
1551 sub _dbh_execute_array {
1552 my ($self, $sth, $tuple_status, @extra) = @_;
1554 return $sth->execute_array({ArrayTupleStatus => $tuple_status});
1557 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
1558 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
1561 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
1562 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1563 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
1565 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
1569 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
1570 eval { $sth->finish };
1571 $exception = $@ unless $exception;
1573 $self->throw_exception($exception) if $exception;
1579 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1581 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1583 return $self->_execute('update' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1588 my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
1590 my $bind_attrs = $self->source_bind_attributes($source);
1592 return $self->_execute('delete' => [], $source, $bind_attrs, @args);
1595 # We were sent here because the $rs contains a complex search
1596 # which will require a subquery to select the correct rows
1597 # (i.e. joined or limited resultsets, or non-introspectable conditions)
1599 # Generating a single PK column subquery is trivial and supported
1600 # by all RDBMS. However if we have a multicolumn PK, things get ugly.
1601 # Look at _multipk_update_delete()
1602 sub _subq_update_delete {
1604 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1606 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1608 # quick check if we got a sane rs on our hands
1609 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1611 $self->throw_exception (
1613 "You must declare primary key(s) on source '%s' (via set_primary_key) in order to update or delete complex resultsets",
1614 $rsrc->source_name || $rsrc->from
1619 my $sel = $rs->_resolved_attrs->{select};
1620 $sel = [ $sel ] unless ref $sel eq 'ARRAY';
1623 join ("\x00", map { join '.', $rs->{attrs}{alias}, $_ } sort @pcols)
1625 join ("\x00", sort @$sel )
1627 $self->throw_exception (
1628 '_subq_update_delete can not be called on resultsets selecting columns other than the primary keys'
1635 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1636 { $pcols[0] => { -in => $rs->as_query } },
1641 return $self->_multipk_update_delete (@_);
1645 # ANSI SQL does not provide a reliable way to perform a multicol-PK
1646 # resultset update/delete involving subqueries. So by default resort
1647 # to simple (and inefficient) delete_all style per-row opearations,
1648 # while allowing specific storages to override this with a faster
1651 sub _multipk_update_delete {
1652 return shift->_per_row_update_delete (@_);
1655 # This is the default loop used to delete/update rows for multi PK
1656 # resultsets, and used by mysql exclusively (because it can't do anything
1659 # We do not use $row->$op style queries, because resultset update/delete
1660 # is not expected to cascade (this is what delete_all/update_all is for).
1662 # There should be no race conditions as the entire operation is rolled
1665 sub _per_row_update_delete {
1667 my ($rs, $op, $values) = @_;
1669 my $rsrc = $rs->result_source;
1670 my @pcols = $rsrc->primary_columns;
1672 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
1674 # emulate the return value of $sth->execute for non-selects
1675 my $row_cnt = '0E0';
1677 my $subrs_cur = $rs->cursor;
1678 my @all_pk = $subrs_cur->all;
1679 for my $pks ( @all_pk) {
1682 for my $i (0.. $#pcols) {
1683 $cond->{$pcols[$i]} = $pks->[$i];
1688 $op eq 'update' ? $values : (),
1703 # localization is neccessary as
1704 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1705 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1706 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1707 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1709 return $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
1712 sub _select_args_to_query {
1715 # localization is neccessary as
1716 # 1) there is no infrastructure to pass this around before SQLA2
1717 # 2) _select_args sets it and _prep_for_execute consumes it
1718 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1719 local $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs};
1721 # my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset)
1722 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
1723 my ($op, $bind, $ident, $bind_attrs, @args) =
1724 $self->_select_args(@_);
1726 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $order, $rows, $offset ]);
1727 my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $bind, $ident, \@args);
1728 $prepared_bind ||= [];
1731 ? ($sql, $prepared_bind, $bind_attrs)
1732 : \[ "($sql)", @$prepared_bind ]
1737 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $attrs) = @_;
1739 my ($alias2source, $rs_alias) = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
1741 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
1742 $sql_maker->{_dbic_rs_attrs} = {
1747 $rs_alias && $alias2source->{$rs_alias}
1748 ? ( _source_handle => $alias2source->{$rs_alias}->handle )
1753 # calculate bind_attrs before possible $ident mangling
1754 my $bind_attrs = {};
1755 for my $alias (keys %$alias2source) {
1756 my $bindtypes = $self->source_bind_attributes ($alias2source->{$alias}) || {};
1757 for my $col (keys %$bindtypes) {
1759 my $fqcn = join ('.', $alias, $col);
1760 $bind_attrs->{$fqcn} = $bindtypes->{$col} if $bindtypes->{$col};
1762 # Unqialified column names are nice, but at the same time can be
1763 # rather ambiguous. What we do here is basically go along with
1764 # the loop, adding an unqualified column slot to $bind_attrs,
1765 # alongside the fully qualified name. As soon as we encounter
1766 # another column by that name (which would imply another table)
1767 # we unset the unqualified slot and never add any info to it
1768 # to avoid erroneous type binding. If this happens the users
1769 # only choice will be to fully qualify his column name
1771 if (exists $bind_attrs->{$col}) {
1772 $bind_attrs->{$col} = {};
1775 $bind_attrs->{$col} = $bind_attrs->{$fqcn};
1782 $attrs->{software_limit}
1784 $sql_maker->_default_limit_syntax eq "GenericSubQ"
1786 $attrs->{software_limit} = 1;
1789 $self->throw_exception("rows attribute must be positive if present")
1790 if (defined($attrs->{rows}) && !($attrs->{rows} > 0));
1792 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
1793 $attrs->{rows} = 2**48 if not defined $attrs->{rows} and defined $attrs->{offset};
1798 # see if we need to tear the prefetch apart otherwise delegate the limiting to the
1799 # storage, unless software limit was requested
1802 ( $attrs->{rows} && keys %{$attrs->{collapse}} )
1804 # limited prefetch with RNO subqueries
1808 $sql_maker->limit_dialect eq 'RowNumberOver'
1810 $attrs->{_prefetch_select}
1812 @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}}
1816 ( $attrs->{group_by}
1818 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
1820 $attrs->{_prefetch_select}
1822 @{$attrs->{_prefetch_select}}
1825 ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs)
1826 = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1830 ($attrs->{rows} || $attrs->{offset})
1832 $sql_maker->limit_dialect eq 'RowNumberOver'
1834 (ref $ident eq 'ARRAY' && @$ident > 1) # indicates a join
1836 scalar $sql_maker->_order_by_chunks ($attrs->{order_by})
1838 # the RNO limit dialect above mangles the SQL such that the join gets lost
1839 # wrap a subquery here
1841 push @limit, delete @{$attrs}{qw/rows offset/};
1843 my $subq = $self->_select_args_to_query (
1851 -alias => $attrs->{alias},
1852 -source_handle => $ident->[0]{-source_handle},
1853 $attrs->{alias} => $subq,
1856 # all part of the subquery now
1857 delete @{$attrs}{qw/order_by group_by having/};
1861 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
1862 push @limit, $attrs->{rows}, $attrs->{offset};
1865 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
1866 $ident = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($ident, $select, $where, $attrs);
1869 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $where
1870 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
1871 # expect a row object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
1872 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
1874 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
1875 # invoked, and that's just bad...
1879 { $attrs->{$_} ? ( $_ => $attrs->{$_} ) : () }
1880 (qw/order_by group_by having/ )
1883 return ('select', $attrs->{bind}, $ident, $bind_attrs, $select, $where, $order, @limit);
1886 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
1887 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
1888 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
1889 # sense as a performance optimization
1891 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1892 return { count => '*' };
1895 # Returns a SELECT which will end up in the subselect
1896 # There may or may not be a group_by, as the subquery
1897 # might have been called to accomodate a limit
1899 # Most databases would be happy with whatever ends up
1900 # here, but some choke in various ways.
1902 sub _subq_count_select {
1903 my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
1904 return $rs_attrs->{group_by} if $rs_attrs->{group_by};
1906 my @pcols = map { join '.', $rs_attrs->{alias}, $_ } ($source->primary_columns);
1907 return @pcols ? \@pcols : [ 1 ];
1910 sub source_bind_attributes {
1911 my ($self, $source) = @_;
1913 my $bind_attributes;
1914 foreach my $column ($source->columns) {
1916 my $data_type = $source->column_info($column)->{data_type} || '';
1917 $bind_attributes->{$column} = $self->bind_attribute_by_data_type($data_type)
1921 return $bind_attributes;
1928 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
1932 Handle a SQL select statement.
1938 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
1939 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
1944 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
1945 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
1946 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
1947 if(@row && @nextrow) {
1948 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
1950 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
1959 =item Arguments: $sql
1963 Returns a L<DBI> sth (statement handle) for the supplied SQL.
1968 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1970 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1971 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1972 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1973 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1975 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1976 # but apparently that's not true :(
1977 $self->throw_exception($dbh->errstr) if !$sth;
1983 my ($self, $sql) = @_;
1984 $self->dbh_do('_dbh_sth', $sql); # retry over disconnects
1987 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
1988 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
1990 if ($dbh->can('column_info')) {
1993 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
1994 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
1996 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
1998 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
1999 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2000 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2001 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2002 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2003 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2005 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2008 return \%result if !$@ && scalar keys %result;
2012 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2014 my @columns = @{$sth->{NAME_lc}};
2015 for my $i ( 0 .. $#columns ){
2017 $column_info{data_type} = $sth->{TYPE}->[$i];
2018 $column_info{size} = $sth->{PRECISION}->[$i];
2019 $column_info{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$i] ? 1 : 0;
2021 if ($column_info{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2022 $column_info{data_type} = $1;
2023 $column_info{size} = $2;
2026 $result{$columns[$i]} = \%column_info;
2030 foreach my $col (keys %result) {
2031 my $colinfo = $result{$col};
2032 my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type};
2034 if(defined $type_num && $dbh->can('type_info')) {
2035 my $type_info = $dbh->type_info($type_num);
2036 $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} if $type_info;
2037 $colinfo->{data_type} = $type_name if $type_name;
2044 sub columns_info_for {
2045 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2046 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2049 =head2 last_insert_id
2051 Return the row id of the last insert.
2055 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2056 # All Storage's need to register their own _dbh_last_insert_id
2057 # the old SQLite-based method was highly inappropriate
2060 my $class = ref $self;
2061 $self->throw_exception (<<EOE);
2063 No _dbh_last_insert_id() method found in $class.
2064 Since the method of obtaining the autoincrement id of the last insert
2065 operation varies greatly between different databases, this method must be
2066 individually implemented for every storage class.
2070 sub last_insert_id {
2072 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2075 =head2 _native_data_type
2079 =item Arguments: $type_name
2083 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2084 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2085 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2087 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2088 you need this functionality.
2090 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2091 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2093 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2094 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2096 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2097 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2101 sub _native_data_type {
2102 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2106 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2107 sub _placeholders_supported {
2109 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2111 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2112 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2114 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2115 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2116 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2121 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2123 sub _typeless_placeholders_supported {
2125 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2128 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2129 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2130 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2131 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2138 Returns the database driver name.
2143 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2146 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2148 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2149 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2150 let the database planner just handle it.
2152 Generally only needed for special case column types, like bytea in postgres.
2156 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2160 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2162 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2163 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2164 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2165 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2166 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2170 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2171 my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2173 return 0 unless $dt;
2175 return $dt =~ /^ (?:
2176 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2181 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2185 =item Arguments: $schema \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2189 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2190 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2191 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2193 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2194 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2195 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2196 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2198 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2199 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2200 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2201 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2203 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2204 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2205 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2206 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
2207 C<quote_field_names>.
2209 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2213 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2215 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2217 =item directory - './'
2219 =item preversion - <none>
2223 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2225 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2227 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2228 hashref like the following
2230 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
2233 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
2238 sub create_ddl_dir {
2239 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
2241 if(!$dir || !-d $dir) {
2242 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
2245 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
2246 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
2248 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2249 $version ||= $schema_version;
2252 add_drop_table => 1,
2253 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
2254 ignore_index_names => 1,
2258 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without SQL::Translator: " . $self->_sqlt_version_error)
2259 if !$self->_sqlt_version_ok;
2261 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
2263 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
2264 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
2265 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
2267 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
2269 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
2270 $sqlt->producer($db);
2273 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
2274 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
2275 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
2276 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
2280 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
2282 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
2285 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
2286 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
2289 print $file $output;
2292 next unless ($preversion);
2294 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
2296 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
2297 if(!-e $prefilename) {
2298 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
2302 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
2304 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
2310 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2315 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2317 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
2318 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2320 $source_schema = $t->schema;
2322 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
2323 unless ( $source_schema->name );
2326 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
2327 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
2328 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
2329 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
2331 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
2332 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
2337 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2339 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
2340 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
2342 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
2344 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
2345 unless $dest_schema->name;
2348 my $diff = SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
2352 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
2353 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
2361 =head2 deployment_statements
2365 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
2369 Returns the statements used by L</deploy> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
2371 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
2372 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
2374 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
2375 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
2376 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
2378 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
2379 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
2381 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
2385 sub deployment_statements {
2386 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
2387 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
2388 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
2390 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
2394 open($file, "<$filename")
2395 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
2398 return join('', @rows);
2401 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without either SQL::Translator or a ddl_dir: " . $self->_sqlt_version_error )
2402 if !$self->_sqlt_version_ok;
2404 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicty allow at top level
2406 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
2407 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
2409 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
2410 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
2412 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
2419 @ret = $tr->translate;
2422 $ret[0] = $tr->translate;
2425 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
2426 unless (@ret && defined $ret[0]);
2428 return $wa ? @ret : $ret[0];
2432 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
2435 return if($line =~ /^--/);
2437 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
2438 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
2439 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
2440 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
2441 $self->_query_start($line);
2443 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
2444 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
2445 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
2448 carp qq{$@ (running "${line}")};
2450 $self->_query_end($line);
2452 my @statements = $self->deployment_statements($schema, $type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
2453 if (@statements > 1) {
2454 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
2455 $deploy->( $statement );
2458 elsif (@statements == 1) {
2459 foreach my $line ( split(";\n", $statements[0])) {
2465 =head2 datetime_parser
2467 Returns the datetime parser class
2471 sub datetime_parser {
2473 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
2474 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
2478 =head2 datetime_parser_type
2480 Defines (returns) the datetime parser class - currently hardwired to
2481 L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
2485 sub datetime_parser_type { "DateTime::Format::MySQL"; }
2487 =head2 build_datetime_parser
2489 See L</datetime_parser>
2493 sub build_datetime_parser {
2495 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
2496 $self->ensure_class_loaded ($type);
2501 =head2 is_replicating
2503 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
2504 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
2505 returned by databases that don't support replication.
2509 sub is_replicating {
2514 =head2 lag_behind_master
2516 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
2517 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
2518 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
2522 sub lag_behind_master {
2526 # SQLT version handling
2528 my $_sqlt_version_ok; # private
2529 my $_sqlt_version_error; # private
2531 sub _sqlt_version_ok {
2532 if (!defined $_sqlt_version_ok) {
2533 eval "use SQL::Translator $minimum_sqlt_version";
2535 $_sqlt_version_ok = 0;
2536 $_sqlt_version_error = $@;
2539 $_sqlt_version_ok = 1;
2542 return $_sqlt_version_ok;
2545 sub _sqlt_version_error {
2546 shift->_sqlt_version_ok unless defined $_sqlt_version_ok;
2547 return $_sqlt_version_error;
2550 sub _sqlt_minimum_version { $minimum_sqlt_version };
2553 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
2557 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
2561 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
2564 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
2565 way these aliases are named.
2567 The default behavior is C<"$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1>, otherwise
2572 sub relname_to_table_alias {
2573 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
2575 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
2576 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
2584 $self->_verify_pid if $self->_dbh;
2586 # some databases need this to stop spewing warnings
2587 if (my $dbh = $self->_dbh) {
2589 eval { $dbh->disconnect };
2599 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
2601 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
2602 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
2603 (the default) combined with C<txn_do> for transaction support.
2605 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
2606 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
2607 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
2608 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
2609 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
2610 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
2611 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
2617 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2619 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2623 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.