1 package DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI;
2 # -*- mode: cperl; cperl-indent-level: 2 -*-
7 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Storage::DBIHacks DBIx::Class::Storage/;
10 use DBIx::Class::Carp;
11 use Scalar::Util qw/refaddr weaken reftype blessed/;
12 use Context::Preserve 'preserve_context';
14 use SQL::Abstract qw(is_plain_value is_literal_value);
15 use DBIx::Class::_Util qw(
16 quote_sub perlstring serialize dump_value
18 detected_reinvoked_destructor scope_guard
23 # default cursor class, overridable in connect_info attributes
24 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor');
26 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => qw/
27 sql_limit_dialect sql_quote_char sql_name_sep
30 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('component_class' => qw/sql_maker_class datetime_parser_type/);
32 __PACKAGE__->sql_maker_class('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker');
33 __PACKAGE__->datetime_parser_type('DateTime::Format::MySQL'); # historic default
35 __PACKAGE__->sql_name_sep('.');
37 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/
38 _connect_info _dbic_connect_attributes _driver_determined
39 _dbh _dbh_details _conn_pid _sql_maker _sql_maker_opts _dbh_autocommit
40 _perform_autoinc_retrieval _autoinc_supplied_for_op
43 # the values for these accessors are picked out (and deleted) from
44 # the attribute hashref passed to connect_info
45 my @storage_options = qw/
46 on_connect_call on_disconnect_call on_connect_do on_disconnect_do
47 disable_sth_caching unsafe auto_savepoint
49 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => @storage_options);
52 # capability definitions, using a 2-tiered accessor system
55 # A driver/user may define _use_X, which blindly without any checks says:
56 # "(do not) use this capability", (use_dbms_capability is an "inherited"
59 # If _use_X is undef, _supports_X is then queried. This is a "simple" style
60 # accessor, which in turn calls _determine_supports_X, and stores the return
61 # in a special slot on the storage object, which is wiped every time a $dbh
62 # reconnection takes place (it is not guaranteed that upon reconnection we
63 # will get the same rdbms version). _determine_supports_X does not need to
64 # exist on a driver, as we ->can for it before calling.
66 my @capabilities = (qw/
68 insert_returning_bound
77 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( dbms_capability => map { "_supports_$_" } @capabilities );
78 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors( use_dbms_capability => map { "_use_$_" } (@capabilities ) );
80 # on by default, not strictly a capability (pending rewrite)
81 __PACKAGE__->_use_join_optimizer (1);
82 sub _determine_supports_join_optimizer { 1 };
84 # Each of these methods need _determine_driver called before itself
85 # in order to function reliably. We also need to separate accessors
86 # from plain old method calls, since an accessor called as a setter
87 # does *not* need the driver determination loop fired (and in fact
88 # can produce hard to find bugs, like e.g. losing on_connect_*
89 # semantics on fresh connections)
91 # The construct below is simply a parameterized around()
92 my $storage_accessor_idx = { map { $_ => 1 } qw(
99 for my $meth (keys %$storage_accessor_idx, qw(
100 deployment_statements
102 build_datetime_parser
114 with_deferred_fk_checks
116 get_use_dbms_capability
123 my $orig = __PACKAGE__->can ($meth)
124 or die "$meth is not a ::Storage::DBI method!";
126 my $possibly_a_setter = $storage_accessor_idx->{$meth} ? 1 : 0;
129 __PACKAGE__ ."::$meth", sprintf( <<'EOC', $possibly_a_setter, perlstring $meth ), { '$orig' => \$orig };
132 # if this is an actual *setter* - just set it, no need to connect
133 # and determine the driver
136 # only fire when invoked on an instance, a valid class-based invocation
137 # would e.g. be setting a default for an inherited accessor
140 ! $_[0]->{_driver_determined}
142 ! $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver}
144 # Only try to determine stuff if we have *something* that either is or can
145 # provide a DSN. Allows for bare $schema's generated with a plain ->connect()
146 # to still be marginally useful
147 $_[0]->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
149 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
151 # work around http://rt.perl.org/rt3/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=35878
152 goto $_[0]->can(%2$s) unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_GOTO;
154 my $cref = $_[0]->can(%2$s);
164 DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI - DBI storage handler
168 my $schema = MySchema->connect('dbi:SQLite:my.db');
170 $schema->storage->debug(1);
172 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
174 my ($storage, $dbh, @args) = @_;
175 $dbh->do("DROP TABLE authors");
180 $schema->resultset('Book')->search({
181 written_on => $schema->storage->datetime_parser->format_datetime(DateTime->now)
186 This class represents the connection to an RDBMS via L<DBI>. See
187 L<DBIx::Class::Storage> for general information. This pod only
188 documents DBI-specific methods and behaviors.
195 my $new = shift->next::method(@_);
197 $new->_sql_maker_opts({});
198 $new->_dbh_details({});
199 $new->{_in_do_block} = 0;
201 # read below to see what this does
202 $new->_arm_global_destructor;
207 # This is hack to work around perl shooting stuff in random
208 # order on exit(). If we do not walk the remaining storage
209 # objects in an END block, there is a *small but real* chance
210 # of a fork()ed child to kill the parent's shared DBI handle,
211 # *before perl reaches the DESTROY in this package*
212 # Yes, it is ugly and effective.
213 # Additionally this registry is used by the CLONE method to
214 # make sure no handles are shared between threads
216 my %seek_and_destroy;
218 sub _arm_global_destructor {
220 # quick "garbage collection" pass - prevents the registry
221 # from slowly growing with a bunch of undef-valued keys
222 defined $seek_and_destroy{$_} or delete $seek_and_destroy{$_}
223 for keys %seek_and_destroy;
226 $seek_and_destroy{ refaddr($_[0]) } = $_[0]
229 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
230 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
231 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
238 ! DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK
240 my @instances = grep { defined $_ } values %seek_and_destroy
242 local $?; # just in case the DBI destructor changes it somehow
244 # disarm the handle if not native to this process (see comment on top)
245 $_->_verify_pid for @instances;
248 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
249 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
250 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
254 sub DBIx::Class::__DBI_Storage_iThreads_handler__::CLONE {
255 # As per DBI's recommendation, DBIC disconnects all handles as
256 # soon as possible (DBIC will reconnect only on demand from within
258 my @instances = grep { defined $_ } values %seek_and_destroy;
259 %seek_and_destroy = ();
265 # properly renumber existing refs
266 $_->_arm_global_destructor
269 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
270 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
271 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
277 return if &detected_reinvoked_destructor;
279 $_[0]->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
281 # some databases spew warnings on implicit disconnect
282 return unless defined $_[0]->_dbh;
284 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
286 # not calling ->disconnect here - we are being destroyed - nothing to reset
288 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
289 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
290 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
294 # handle pid changes correctly - do not destroy parent's connection
297 my $pid = $_[0]->_conn_pid;
299 if( defined $pid and $pid != $$ and my $dbh = $_[0]->_dbh ) {
300 $dbh->{InactiveDestroy} = 1;
305 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
306 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
307 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
313 This method is normally called by L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
314 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before passing them here.
316 The argument list may contain:
322 The same 4-element argument set one would normally pass to
323 L<DBI/connect>, optionally followed by
324 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
325 recognized by DBIx::Class:
327 $connect_info_args = [ $dsn, $user, $password, \%dbi_attributes?, \%extra_attributes? ];
331 A single code reference which returns a connected
332 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect> optionally followed by
333 L<extra attributes|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes> recognized
336 $connect_info_args = [ sub { DBI->connect (...) }, \%extra_attributes? ];
340 A single hashref with all the attributes and the dsn/user/password
343 $connect_info_args = [{
351 $connect_info_args = [{
352 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect (...) },
357 This is particularly useful for L<Catalyst> based applications, allowing the
358 following config (L<Config::General> style):
363 dsn dbi:mysql:database=test
370 The C<dsn>/C<user>/C<password> combination can be substituted by the
371 C<dbh_maker> key whose value is a coderef that returns a connected
372 L<DBI database handle|DBI/connect>
376 Please note that the L<DBI> docs recommend that you always explicitly
377 set C<AutoCommit> to either I<0> or I<1>. L<DBIx::Class> further
378 recommends that it be set to I<1>, and that you perform transactions
379 via our L<DBIx::Class::Schema/txn_do> method. L<DBIx::Class> will set it
380 to I<1> if you do not do explicitly set it to zero. This is the default
381 for most DBDs. See L</DBIx::Class and AutoCommit> for details.
383 =head3 DBIx::Class specific connection attributes
385 In addition to the standard L<DBI|DBI/ATTRIBUTES COMMON TO ALL HANDLES>
386 L<connection|DBI/Database Handle Attributes> attributes, DBIx::Class recognizes
387 the following connection options. These options can be mixed in with your other
388 L<DBI> connection attributes, or placed in a separate hashref
389 (C<\%extra_attributes>) as shown above.
391 Every time C<connect_info> is invoked, any previous settings for
392 these options will be cleared before setting the new ones, regardless of
393 whether any options are specified in the new C<connect_info>.
400 Specifies things to do immediately after connecting or re-connecting to
401 the database. Its value may contain:
407 This contains one SQL statement to execute.
409 =item an array reference
411 This contains SQL statements to execute in order. Each element contains
412 a string or a code reference that returns a string.
414 =item a code reference
416 This contains some code to execute. Unlike code references within an
417 array reference, its return value is ignored.
421 =item on_disconnect_do
423 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_do> and executes them
424 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
426 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
429 =item on_connect_call
431 A more generalized form of L</on_connect_do> that calls the specified
432 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods in your storage driver.
434 on_connect_do => 'select 1'
438 on_connect_call => [ [ do_sql => 'select 1' ] ]
440 Its values may contain:
446 Will call the C<connect_call_METHOD> method.
448 =item a code reference
450 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >>
452 =item an array reference
454 Each value can be a method name or code reference.
456 =item an array of arrays
458 For each array, the first item is taken to be the C<connect_call_> method name
459 or code reference, and the rest are parameters to it.
463 Some predefined storage methods you may use:
469 Executes a SQL string or a code reference that returns a SQL string. This is
470 what L</on_connect_do> and L</on_disconnect_do> use.
478 Will execute the scalar as SQL.
482 Taken to be arguments to L<DBI/do>, the SQL string optionally followed by the
483 attributes hashref and bind values.
485 =item a code reference
487 Will execute C<< $code->($storage) >> and execute the return array refs as
494 Execute any statements necessary to initialize the database session to return
495 and accept datetime/timestamp values used with
496 L<DBIx::Class::InflateColumn::DateTime>.
498 Only necessary for some databases, see your specific storage driver for
499 implementation details.
503 =item on_disconnect_call
505 Takes arguments in the same form as L</on_connect_call> and executes them
506 immediately before disconnecting from the database.
508 Calls the C<disconnect_call_METHOD> methods as opposed to the
509 C<connect_call_METHOD> methods called by L</on_connect_call>.
511 Note, this only runs if you explicitly call L</disconnect> on the
514 =item disable_sth_caching
516 If set to a true value, this option will disable the caching of
517 statement handles via L<DBI/prepare_cached>.
521 Sets a specific SQL::Abstract::Limit-style limit dialect, overriding the
522 default L</sql_limit_dialect> setting of the storage (if any). For a list
523 of available limit dialects see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
527 When true automatically sets L</quote_char> and L</name_sep> to the characters
528 appropriate for your particular RDBMS. This option is preferred over specifying
529 L</quote_char> directly.
533 Specifies what characters to use to quote table and column names.
535 C<quote_char> expects either a single character, in which case is it
536 is placed on either side of the table/column name, or an arrayref of length
537 2 in which case the table/column name is placed between the elements.
539 For example under MySQL you should use C<< quote_char => '`' >>, and for
540 SQL Server you should use C<< quote_char => [qw/[ ]/] >>.
544 This parameter is only useful in conjunction with C<quote_char>, and is used to
545 specify the character that separates elements (schemas, tables, columns) from
546 each other. If unspecified it defaults to the most commonly used C<.>.
550 This Storage driver normally installs its own C<HandleError>, sets
551 C<RaiseError> and C<ShowErrorStatement> on, and sets C<PrintError> off on
552 all database handles, including those supplied by a coderef. It does this
553 so that it can have consistent and useful error behavior.
555 If you set this option to a true value, Storage will not do its usual
556 modifications to the database handle's attributes, and instead relies on
557 the settings in your connect_info DBI options (or the values you set in
558 your connection coderef, in the case that you are connecting via coderef).
560 Note that your custom settings can cause Storage to malfunction,
561 especially if you set a C<HandleError> handler that suppresses exceptions
562 and/or disable C<RaiseError>.
566 If this option is true, L<DBIx::Class> will use savepoints when nesting
567 transactions, making it possible to recover from failure in the inner
568 transaction without having to abort all outer transactions.
572 Use this argument to supply a cursor class other than the default
573 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
577 Some real-life examples of arguments to L</connect_info> and
578 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>
580 # Simple SQLite connection
581 ->connect_info([ 'dbi:SQLite:./foo.db' ]);
584 ->connect_info([ sub { DBI->connect(...) } ]);
586 # Connect via subref in hashref
588 dbh_maker => sub { DBI->connect(...) },
589 on_connect_do => 'alter session ...',
592 # A bit more complicated
599 { quote_char => q{"} },
603 # Equivalent to the previous example
609 { AutoCommit => 1, quote_char => q{"}, name_sep => q{.} },
613 # Same, but with hashref as argument
614 # See parse_connect_info for explanation
617 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=foo',
619 password => 'my_pg_password',
626 # Subref + DBIx::Class-specific connection options
629 sub { DBI->connect(...) },
633 on_connect_do => ['SET search_path TO myschema,otherschema,public'],
634 disable_sth_caching => 1,
644 my ($self, $info) = @_;
646 return $self->_connect_info if !$info;
648 $self->_connect_info($info); # copy for _connect_info
650 $info = $self->_normalize_connect_info($info)
651 if ref $info eq 'ARRAY';
654 %{ $self->_default_dbi_connect_attributes || {} },
655 %{ $info->{attributes} || {} },
658 my @args = @{ $info->{arguments} };
660 if (keys %attrs and ref $args[0] ne 'CODE') {
662 'You provided explicit AutoCommit => 0 in your connection_info. '
663 . 'This is almost universally a bad idea (see the footnotes of '
664 . 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI for more info). If you still want to '
665 . 'do this you can set $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK} to disable '
667 ) if ! $attrs{AutoCommit} and ! $ENV{DBIC_UNSAFE_AUTOCOMMIT_OK};
669 push @args, \%attrs if keys %attrs;
672 # this is the authoritative "always an arrayref" thing fed to DBI->connect
673 # OR a single-element coderef-based $dbh factory
674 $self->_dbi_connect_info(\@args);
676 # extract the individual storage options
677 for my $storage_opt (keys %{ $info->{storage_options} }) {
678 my $value = $info->{storage_options}{$storage_opt};
680 $self->$storage_opt($value);
683 # Extract the individual sqlmaker options
685 # Kill sql_maker/_sql_maker_opts, so we get a fresh one with only
686 # the new set of options
687 $self->_sql_maker(undef);
688 $self->_sql_maker_opts({});
690 for my $sql_maker_opt (keys %{ $info->{sql_maker_options} }) {
691 my $value = $info->{sql_maker_options}{$sql_maker_opt};
693 $self->_sql_maker_opts->{$sql_maker_opt} = $value;
697 # save attributes in a separate accessor so they are always
698 # introspectable, even in case of a CODE $dbhmaker
699 $self->_dbic_connect_attributes (\%attrs);
701 return $self->_connect_info;
704 sub _dbi_connect_info {
707 return $self->{_dbi_connect_info} = $_[0]
710 my $conninfo = $self->{_dbi_connect_info} || [];
712 # last ditch effort to grab a DSN
713 if ( ! defined $conninfo->[0] and $ENV{DBI_DSN} ) {
714 my @new_conninfo = @$conninfo;
715 $new_conninfo[0] = $ENV{DBI_DSN};
716 $conninfo = \@new_conninfo;
723 sub _normalize_connect_info {
724 my ($self, $info_arg) = @_;
727 my @args = @$info_arg; # take a shallow copy for further mutilation
729 # combine/pre-parse arguments depending on invocation style
732 if (ref $args[0] eq 'CODE') { # coderef with optional \%extra_attributes
733 %attrs = %{ $args[1] || {} };
736 elsif (ref $args[0] eq 'HASH') { # single hashref (i.e. Catalyst config)
737 %attrs = %{$args[0]};
739 if (my $code = delete $attrs{dbh_maker}) {
742 my @ignored = grep { delete $attrs{$_} } (qw/dsn user password/);
745 'Attribute(s) %s in connect_info were ignored, as they can not be applied '
746 . "to the result of 'dbh_maker'",
748 join (', ', map { "'$_'" } (@ignored) ),
753 @args = delete @attrs{qw/dsn user password/};
756 else { # otherwise assume dsn/user/password + \%attrs + \%extra_attrs
758 % { $args[3] || {} },
759 % { $args[4] || {} },
761 @args = @args[0,1,2];
764 $info{arguments} = \@args;
766 my @storage_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
767 @storage_options, 'cursor_class';
769 @{ $info{storage_options} }{@storage_opts} =
770 delete @attrs{@storage_opts} if @storage_opts;
772 my @sql_maker_opts = grep exists $attrs{$_},
773 qw/limit_dialect quote_char name_sep quote_names/;
775 @{ $info{sql_maker_options} }{@sql_maker_opts} =
776 delete @attrs{@sql_maker_opts} if @sql_maker_opts;
778 $info{attributes} = \%attrs if %attrs;
783 sub _default_dbi_connect_attributes () {
788 ShowErrorStatement => 1,
794 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
798 =head2 on_disconnect_do
800 This method is deprecated in favour of setting via L</connect_info>.
804 sub _parse_connect_do {
805 my ($self, $type) = @_;
807 my $val = $self->$type;
808 return () if not defined $val;
813 push @res, [ 'do_sql', $val ];
814 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'CODE') {
816 } elsif (ref($val) eq 'ARRAY') {
817 push @res, map { [ 'do_sql', $_ ] } @$val;
819 $self->throw_exception("Invalid type for $type: ".ref($val));
827 Arguments: ($subref | $method_name), @extra_coderef_args?
829 Execute the given $subref or $method_name using the new exception-based
830 connection management.
832 The first two arguments will be the storage object that C<dbh_do> was called
833 on and a database handle to use. Any additional arguments will be passed
834 verbatim to the called subref as arguments 2 and onwards.
836 Using this (instead of $self->_dbh or $self->dbh) ensures correct
837 exception handling and reconnection (or failover in future subclasses).
839 Your subref should have no side-effects outside of the database, as
840 there is the potential for your subref to be partially double-executed
841 if the database connection was stale/dysfunctional.
845 my @stuff = $schema->storage->dbh_do(
847 my ($storage, $dbh, @cols) = @_;
848 my $cols = join(q{, }, @cols);
849 $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT $cols FROM foo");
858 my $run_target = shift; # either a coderef or a method name
860 # short circuit when we know there is no need for a runner
862 # FIXME - assumption may be wrong
863 # the rationale for the txn_depth check is that if this block is a part
864 # of a larger transaction, everything up to that point is screwed anyway
865 return $self->$run_target($self->_get_dbh, @_)
866 if $self->{_in_do_block} or $self->transaction_depth;
868 # take a ref instead of a copy, to preserve @_ aliasing
869 # semantics within the coderef, but only if needed
870 # (pseudoforking doesn't like this trick much)
871 my $args = @_ ? \@_ : [];
873 DBIx::Class::Storage::BlockRunner->new(
876 retry_handler => sub {
877 $_[0]->failed_attempt_count == 1
879 ! $_[0]->storage->connected
882 $self->$run_target ($self->_get_dbh, @$args )
887 $_[0]->_get_dbh; # connects or reconnects on pid change, necessary to grab correct txn_depth
888 shift->next::method(@_);
893 Our C<disconnect> method also performs a rollback first if the
894 database is not in C<AutoCommit> mode.
901 # this physical disconnect below might very well throw
902 # in order to unambiguously reset the state - do the cleanup in guard
904 my $g = scope_guard {
906 defined( $self->_dbh )
907 and dbic_internal_try { $self->_dbh->disconnect };
910 $self->_dbh_details({});
911 $self->transaction_depth(undef);
912 $self->_dbh_autocommit(undef);
913 $self->savepoints([]);
915 # FIXME - this needs reenabling with the proper "no reset on same DSN" check
916 #$self->_sql_maker(undef); # this may also end up being different
921 $self->_do_connection_actions(disconnect_call_ => $_) for (
922 ( $self->on_disconnect_call || () ),
923 $self->_parse_connect_do ('on_disconnect_do')
926 # stops the "implicit rollback on disconnect" warning
927 $self->_exec_txn_rollback unless $self->_dbh_autocommit;
930 # Dummy NEXTSTATE ensuring the all temporaries on the stack are garbage
931 # collected before leaving this scope. Depending on the code above, this
932 # may very well be just a preventive measure guarding future modifications
936 =head2 with_deferred_fk_checks
940 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>
942 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
946 Storage specific method to run the code ref with FK checks deferred or
947 in MySQL's case disabled entirely.
951 # Storage subclasses should override this
952 sub with_deferred_fk_checks {
953 #my ($self, $sub) = @_;
961 =item Arguments: none
963 =item Return Value: 1|0
967 Verifies that the current database handle is active and ready to execute
968 an SQL statement (e.g. the connection did not get stale, server is still
969 answering, etc.) This method is used internally by L</dbh>.
974 return 0 unless $_[0]->_seems_connected;
977 local $_[0]->_dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
982 sub _seems_connected {
983 $_[0]->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
987 $_[0]->_dbh->FETCH('Active')
991 # explicitly reset all state
997 ($_[0]->_dbh || return 0)->ping;
1000 sub ensure_connected {
1001 $_[0]->connected || ( $_[0]->_populate_dbh && 1 );
1006 Returns a C<$dbh> - a data base handle of class L<DBI>. The returned handle
1007 is guaranteed to be healthy by implicitly calling L</connected>, and if
1008 necessary performing a reconnection before returning. Keep in mind that this
1009 is very B<expensive> on some database engines. Consider using L</dbh_do>
1015 # maybe save a ping call
1017 ? ( $_[0]->ensure_connected and $_[0]->_dbh )
1018 : $_[0]->_populate_dbh
1022 # this is the internal "get dbh or connect (don't check)" method
1024 $_[0]->_verify_pid unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK;
1025 $_[0]->_dbh || $_[0]->_populate_dbh;
1028 # *DELIBERATELY* not a setter (for the time being)
1029 # Too intertwined with everything else for any kind of sanity
1033 $self->throw_exception('sql_maker() is not a setter method') if @_;
1035 unless ($self->_sql_maker) {
1036 my $sql_maker_class = $self->sql_maker_class;
1038 my %opts = %{$self->_sql_maker_opts||{}};
1040 $opts{limit_dialect}
1042 $self->sql_limit_dialect
1045 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1047 "Your storage class ($s_class) does not set sql_limit_dialect and you "
1048 . 'have not supplied an explicit limit_dialect in your connection_info. '
1049 . 'DBIC will attempt to use the GenericSubQ dialect, which works on most '
1050 . 'databases but can be (and often is) painfully slow. '
1051 . "Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'"
1052 ) if $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0];
1058 my ($quote_char, $name_sep);
1060 if ($opts{quote_names}) {
1061 $quote_char = (delete $opts{quote_char}) || $self->sql_quote_char || do {
1062 my $s_class = (ref $self) || $self;
1064 "You requested 'quote_names' but your storage class ($s_class) does "
1065 . 'not explicitly define a default sql_quote_char and you have not '
1066 . 'supplied a quote_char as part of your connection_info. DBIC will '
1067 .q{default to the ANSI SQL standard quote '"', which works most of }
1068 . "the time. Please file an RT ticket against '$s_class'."
1074 $name_sep = (delete $opts{name_sep}) || $self->sql_name_sep;
1077 $self->_sql_maker($sql_maker_class->new(
1078 bindtype=>'columns',
1079 array_datatypes => 1,
1080 limit_dialect => $dialect,
1081 ($quote_char ? (quote_char => $quote_char) : ()),
1082 name_sep => ($name_sep || '.'),
1086 return $self->_sql_maker;
1089 # nothing to do by default
1095 # reset internal states
1096 # also in case ->connected failed we might get sent here
1099 $_[0]->_dbh($_[0]->_connect);
1101 $_[0]->_conn_pid($$) unless DBIx::Class::_ENV_::BROKEN_FORK; # on win32 these are in fact threads
1103 $_[0]->_determine_driver;
1105 # Always set the transaction depth on connect, since
1106 # there is no transaction in progress by definition
1107 $_[0]->transaction_depth( $_[0]->_dbh_autocommit ? 0 : 1 );
1109 $_[0]->_run_connection_actions unless $_[0]->{_in_determine_driver};
1114 sub _run_connection_actions {
1116 $_[0]->_do_connection_actions(connect_call_ => $_) for (
1117 ( $_[0]->on_connect_call || () ),
1118 $_[0]->_parse_connect_do ('on_connect_do'),
1124 sub set_use_dbms_capability {
1125 $_[0]->set_inherited ($_[1], $_[2]);
1128 sub get_use_dbms_capability {
1129 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1131 my $use = $self->get_inherited ($capname);
1134 : do { $capname =~ s/^_use_/_supports_/; $self->get_dbms_capability ($capname) }
1138 sub set_dbms_capability {
1139 $_[0]->_dbh_details->{capability}{$_[1]} = $_[2];
1142 sub get_dbms_capability {
1143 my ($self, $capname) = @_;
1145 my $cap = $self->_dbh_details->{capability}{$capname};
1147 unless (defined $cap) {
1148 if (my $meth = $self->can ("_determine$capname")) {
1149 $cap = $self->$meth ? 1 : 0;
1155 $self->set_dbms_capability ($capname, $cap);
1164 # FIXME - ideally this needs to be an ||= assignment, and the final
1165 # assignment at the end of this do{} should be gone entirely. However
1166 # this confuses CXSA: https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=103296
1167 $self->_dbh_details->{info} || do {
1169 # this guarantees that problematic conninfo won't be hidden
1170 # by the try{} below
1171 $self->ensure_connected;
1175 my $server_version = dbic_internal_try {
1176 $self->_get_server_version
1178 # driver determination *may* use this codepath
1179 # in which case we must rethrow
1180 $self->throw_exception($_) if $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1182 # $server_version on failure
1186 if (defined $server_version) {
1187 $info->{dbms_version} = $server_version;
1189 my ($numeric_version) = $server_version =~ /^([\d\.]+)/;
1190 my @verparts = split (/\./, $numeric_version);
1196 # consider only up to 3 version parts, iff not more than 3 digits
1198 while (@verparts && @use_parts < 3) {
1199 my $p = shift @verparts;
1201 push @use_parts, $p;
1203 push @use_parts, 0 while @use_parts < 3;
1205 $info->{normalized_dbms_version} = sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", @use_parts;
1209 $self->_dbh_details->{info} = $info;
1213 sub _get_server_version {
1214 shift->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_VER');
1218 my ($self, $info) = @_;
1220 if ($info =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1221 require DBI::Const::GetInfoType;
1222 $info = $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$info};
1223 $self->throw_exception("Info type '$_[1]' not provided by DBI::Const::GetInfoType")
1224 unless defined $info;
1227 $self->_get_dbh->get_info($info);
1230 sub _describe_connection {
1231 require DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn;
1237 $drv = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1238 $self->ensure_connected;
1241 $drv = "DBD::$drv" if $drv;
1244 DBIC_DSN => $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0],
1245 DBI_VER => DBI->VERSION,
1246 DBIC_VER => DBIx::Class->VERSION,
1247 DBIC_DRIVER => ref $self,
1250 DBD_VER => dbic_internal_try { $drv->VERSION },
1254 # try to grab data even if we never managed to connect
1255 # will cover us in cases of an oddly broken half-connect
1257 #keys %DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType,
1259 SQL_CURSOR_COMMIT_BEHAVIOR
1260 SQL_CURSOR_ROLLBACK_BEHAVIOR
1261 SQL_CURSOR_SENSITIVITY
1262 SQL_DATA_SOURCE_NAME
1265 SQL_DEFAULT_TXN_ISOLATION
1270 SQL_EXPRESSIONS_IN_ORDERBY
1273 SQL_IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CHAR
1274 SQL_MAX_CATALOG_NAME_LEN
1275 SQL_MAX_COLUMN_NAME_LEN
1276 SQL_MAX_IDENTIFIER_LEN
1277 SQL_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN
1278 SQL_MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_TXN
1279 SQL_MULT_RESULT_SETS
1280 SQL_NEED_LONG_DATA_LEN
1281 SQL_NON_NULLABLE_COLUMNS
1283 SQL_QUALIFIER_NAME_SEPARATOR
1284 SQL_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_CASE
1286 SQL_TXN_ISOLATION_OPTION
1289 # some drivers barf on things they do not know about instead
1290 # of returning undef
1291 my $v = dbic_internal_try { $self->_dbh_get_info($inf) };
1292 next unless defined $v;
1294 #my $key = sprintf( '%s(%s)', $inf, $DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{$inf} );
1295 my $expl = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Explain($inf, $v);
1296 $res->{$inf} = DBI::Const::GetInfoReturn::Format($inf, $v) . ( $expl ? " ($expl)" : '' );
1302 sub _determine_driver {
1305 if ((not $self->_driver_determined) && (not $self->{_in_determine_driver})) {
1306 my $started_connected = 0;
1308 local $self->{_in_determine_driver} = 1
1309 unless $self->{_in_determine_driver};
1311 if (ref($self) eq __PACKAGE__) {
1313 if ($self->_dbh) { # we are connected
1314 $driver = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1315 $started_connected = 1;
1318 $driver = $self->_extract_driver_from_connect_info;
1322 my $storage_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${driver}";
1323 if ($self->load_optional_class($storage_class)) {
1326 mro::set_mro($storage_class, 'c3') if
1328 ${"${storage_class}::__INITIAL_MRO_UPON_DBIC_LOAD__"}
1329 ||= mro::get_mro($storage_class)
1335 bless $self, $storage_class;
1339 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1340 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1341 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$driver')."
1346 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1347 'Unable to extract a driver name from connect info - this '
1348 . 'should not have happened.'
1353 $self->_driver_determined(1);
1355 Class::C3->reinitialize() if DBIx::Class::_ENV_::OLD_MRO;
1357 if ($self->can('source_bind_attributes')) {
1358 $self->throw_exception(
1359 "Your storage subclass @{[ ref $self ]} provides (or inherits) the method "
1360 . 'source_bind_attributes() for which support has been removed as of Jan 2013. '
1361 . 'If you are not sure how to proceed please contact the development team via '
1362 . DBIx::Class::_ENV_::HELP_URL
1366 $self->_init; # run driver-specific initializations
1368 $self->_run_connection_actions
1369 if !$started_connected && defined $self->_dbh;
1373 sub _extract_driver_from_connect_info {
1378 # if connect_info is a CODEREF, we have no choice but to connect
1380 ref $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0]
1382 reftype $self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1384 $self->_populate_dbh;
1385 $drv = $self->_dbh->{Driver}{Name};
1388 # try to use dsn to not require being connected, the driver may still
1389 # force a connection later in _rebless to determine version
1390 # (dsn may not be supplied at all if all we do is make a mock-schema)
1392 # Use the same regex as the one used by DBI itself (even if the use of
1393 # \w is odd given unicode):
1394 # https://metacpan.org/source/TIMB/DBI-1.634/DBI.pm#L621
1396 # DO NOT use https://metacpan.org/source/TIMB/DBI-1.634/DBI.pm#L559-566
1397 # as there is a long-standing precedent of not loading DBI.pm until the
1398 # very moment we are actually connecting
1400 ($drv) = ($self->_dbi_connect_info->[0] || '') =~ /^dbi:(\w*)/i;
1401 $drv ||= $ENV{DBI_DRIVER};
1407 sub _determine_connector_driver {
1408 my ($self, $conn) = @_;
1410 my $dbtype = $self->_get_rdbms_name;
1413 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1414 'Unable to retrieve RDBMS type (SQL_DBMS_NAME) of the engine behind your '
1415 . "$conn connector - this should not have happened."
1420 $dbtype =~ s/\W/_/gi;
1422 my $subclass = "DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::${conn}::${dbtype}";
1423 return if $self->isa($subclass);
1425 if ($self->load_optional_class($subclass)) {
1426 bless $self, $subclass;
1430 $self->_warn_undetermined_driver(
1431 'This version of DBIC does not yet seem to supply a driver for '
1432 . "your particular RDBMS and/or connection method ('$conn/$dbtype')."
1437 sub _get_rdbms_name { shift->_dbh_get_info('SQL_DBMS_NAME') }
1439 sub _warn_undetermined_driver {
1440 my ($self, $msg) = @_;
1442 carp_once ($msg . ' While we will attempt to continue anyway, the results '
1443 . 'are likely to be underwhelming. Please upgrade DBIC, and if this message '
1444 . "does not go away, file a bugreport including the following info:\n"
1445 . dump_value $self->_describe_connection
1449 sub _do_connection_actions {
1450 my ($self, $method_prefix, $call, @args) = @_;
1453 if (not ref($call)) {
1454 my $method = $method_prefix . $call;
1455 $self->$method(@args);
1457 elsif (ref($call) eq 'CODE') {
1458 $self->$call(@args);
1460 elsif (ref($call) eq 'ARRAY') {
1461 if (ref($call->[0]) ne 'ARRAY') {
1462 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, $_) for @$call;
1465 $self->_do_connection_actions($method_prefix, @$_) for @$call;
1469 $self->throw_exception (sprintf ("Don't know how to process conection actions of type '%s'", ref($call)) );
1473 if ( $method_prefix =~ /^connect/ ) {
1474 # this is an on_connect cycle - we can't just throw while leaving
1475 # a handle in an undefined state in our storage object
1476 # kill it with fire and rethrow
1478 $self->disconnect; # the $dbh is gone, but we still need to reset the rest
1479 $self->throw_exception( $_[0] );
1482 carp "Disconnect action failed: $_[0]";
1489 sub connect_call_do_sql {
1491 $self->_do_query(@_);
1494 sub disconnect_call_do_sql {
1496 $self->_do_query(@_);
1499 =head2 connect_call_datetime_setup
1501 A no-op stub method, provided so that one can always safely supply the
1502 L<connection option|/DBIx::Class specific connection attributes>
1504 on_connect_call => 'datetime_setup'
1506 This way one does not need to know in advance whether the underlying
1507 storage requires any sort of hand-holding when dealing with calendar
1512 sub connect_call_datetime_setup { 1 }
1515 my ($self, $action) = @_;
1517 if (ref $action eq 'CODE') {
1518 $action = $action->($self);
1519 $self->_do_query($_) foreach @$action;
1522 # Most debuggers expect ($sql, @bind), so we need to exclude
1523 # the attribute hash which is the second argument to $dbh->do
1524 # furthermore the bind values are usually to be presented
1525 # as named arrayref pairs, so wrap those here too
1526 my @do_args = (ref $action eq 'ARRAY') ? (@$action) : ($action);
1527 my $sql = shift @do_args;
1528 my $attrs = shift @do_args;
1529 my @bind = map { [ undef, $_ ] } @do_args;
1532 $_[0]->_query_start($sql, \@bind);
1533 $_[1]->do($sql, $attrs, @do_args);
1534 $_[0]->_query_end($sql, \@bind);
1544 my $info = $self->_dbi_connect_info;
1546 $self->throw_exception("You did not provide any connection_info")
1547 unless defined $info->[0];
1549 my ($old_connect_via, $dbh);
1551 local $DBI::connect_via = 'connect' if $INC{'Apache/DBI.pm'} && $ENV{MOD_PERL};
1553 # this odd anonymous coderef dereference is in fact really
1554 # necessary to avoid the unwanted effect described in perl5
1557 # in addition the coderef itself can't reside inside the try{} block below
1558 # as it somehow triggers a leak under perl -d
1559 my $dbh_error_handler_installer = sub {
1560 weaken (my $weak_self = $_[0]);
1562 # the coderef is blessed so we can distinguish it from externally
1563 # supplied handles (which must be preserved)
1564 $_[1]->{HandleError} = bless sub {
1566 $weak_self->throw_exception("DBI Exception: $_[0]");
1569 # the handler may be invoked by something totally out of
1571 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw("DBI Exception (unhandled by DBIC, ::Schema GCed): $_[0]");
1573 }, '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1577 if(ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE') {
1578 $dbh = $info->[0]->();
1582 $dbh = DBI->connect(@$info);
1585 die $DBI::errstr unless $dbh;
1587 die sprintf ("%s fresh DBI handle with a *false* 'Active' attribute. "
1588 . 'This handle is disconnected as far as DBIC is concerned, and we can '
1590 ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1591 ? "Connection coderef $info->[0] returned a"
1592 : 'DBI->connect($schema->storage->connect_info) resulted in a'
1593 ) unless $dbh->FETCH('Active');
1595 # sanity checks unless asked otherwise
1596 unless ($self->unsafe) {
1598 $self->throw_exception(
1599 'Refusing clobbering of {HandleError} installed on externally supplied '
1600 ."DBI handle $dbh. Either remove the handler or use the 'unsafe' attribute."
1601 ) if $dbh->{HandleError} and ref $dbh->{HandleError} ne '__DBIC__DBH__ERROR__HANDLER__';
1603 # Default via _default_dbi_connect_attributes is 1, hence it was an explicit
1604 # request, or an external handle. Complain and set anyway
1605 unless ($dbh->{RaiseError}) {
1606 carp( ref $info->[0] eq 'CODE'
1608 ? "The 'RaiseError' of the externally supplied DBI handle is set to false. "
1609 ."DBIx::Class will toggle it back to true, unless the 'unsafe' connect "
1610 .'attribute has been supplied'
1612 : 'RaiseError => 0 supplied in your connection_info, without an explicit '
1613 .'unsafe => 1. Toggling RaiseError back to true'
1616 $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
1619 $dbh_error_handler_installer->($self, $dbh);
1623 $self->throw_exception("DBI Connection failed: $_")
1626 $self->_dbh_autocommit($dbh->{AutoCommit});
1631 # this means we have not yet connected and do not know the AC status
1632 # (e.g. coderef $dbh), need a full-fledged connection check
1633 if (! defined $_[0]->_dbh_autocommit) {
1634 $_[0]->ensure_connected;
1636 # Otherwise simply connect or re-connect on pid changes
1641 shift->next::method(@_);
1644 sub _exec_txn_begin {
1647 # if the user is utilizing txn_do - good for him, otherwise we need to
1648 # ensure that the $dbh is healthy on BEGIN.
1649 # We do this via ->dbh_do instead of ->dbh, so that the ->dbh "ping"
1650 # will be replaced by a failure of begin_work itself (which will be
1651 # then retried on reconnect)
1652 if ($self->{_in_do_block}) {
1653 $self->_dbh->begin_work;
1655 $self->dbh_do(sub { $_[1]->begin_work });
1662 $self->throw_exception("Unable to txn_commit() on a disconnected storage")
1663 unless $self->_seems_connected;
1665 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1666 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1667 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1668 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting COMMIT anyway";
1669 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1672 $self->next::method(@_);
1674 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1675 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1676 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1677 !$self->transaction_depth
1679 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1681 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1685 sub _exec_txn_commit {
1686 shift->_dbh->commit;
1692 # do a minimal connectivity check due to weird shit like
1693 # https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=62370
1694 $self->throw_exception("lost connection to storage")
1695 unless $self->_seems_connected;
1697 # esoteric case for folks using external $dbh handles
1698 if (! $self->transaction_depth and ! $self->_dbh->FETCH('AutoCommit') ) {
1699 carp "Storage transaction_depth 0 does not match "
1700 ."false AutoCommit of $self->{_dbh}, attempting ROLLBACK anyway";
1701 $self->transaction_depth(1);
1704 $self->next::method(@_);
1706 # if AutoCommit is disabled txn_depth never goes to 0
1707 # as a new txn is started immediately on commit
1708 $self->transaction_depth(1) if (
1709 !$self->transaction_depth
1711 defined $self->_dbh_autocommit
1713 ! $self->_dbh_autocommit
1717 sub _exec_txn_rollback {
1718 shift->_dbh->rollback;
1721 # generate the DBI-specific stubs, which then fallback to ::Storage proper
1722 quote_sub __PACKAGE__ . "::$_" => sprintf (<<'EOS', $_) for qw(svp_begin svp_release svp_rollback);
1723 $_[0]->throw_exception('Unable to %s() on a disconnected storage')
1724 unless $_[0]->_seems_connected;
1725 shift->next::method(@_);
1728 # This used to be the top-half of _execute. It was split out to make it
1729 # easier to override in NoBindVars without duping the rest. It takes up
1730 # all of _execute's args, and emits $sql, @bind.
1731 sub _prep_for_execute {
1732 #my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1733 return shift->_gen_sql_bind(@_)
1737 my ($self, $op, $ident, $args) = @_;
1739 my ($colinfos, $from);
1740 if ( blessed($ident) ) {
1741 $from = $ident->from;
1742 $colinfos = $ident->columns_info;
1746 ($sql, @$bind) = $self->sql_maker->$op( ($from || $ident), @$args );
1748 $bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
1749 $ident, [ @{$args->[2]{bind}||[]}, @$bind ], $colinfos
1753 ! $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK}
1762 $_->[1]->isa('DateTime')
1765 carp_unique 'DateTime objects passed to search() are not supported '
1766 . 'properly (InflateColumn::DateTime formats and settings are not '
1767 . 'respected.) See ".. format a DateTime object for searching?" in '
1768 . 'DBIx::Class::Manual::FAQ. To disable this warning for good '
1769 . 'set $ENV{DBIC_DT_SEARCH_OK} to true'
1772 return( $sql, $bind );
1775 sub _resolve_bindattrs {
1776 my ($self, $ident, $bind, $colinfos) = @_;
1778 my $resolve_bindinfo = sub {
1779 #my $infohash = shift;
1781 $colinfos ||= { %{ $self->_resolve_column_info($ident) } };
1784 if (my $col = $_[0]->{dbic_colname}) {
1785 $ret = { %{$_[0]} };
1787 $ret->{sqlt_datatype} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{data_type}
1788 if $colinfos->{$col}{data_type};
1790 $ret->{sqlt_size} ||= $colinfos->{$col}{size}
1791 if $colinfos->{$col}{size};
1798 ( ref $_ ne 'ARRAY' or @$_ != 2 ) ? [ {}, $_ ]
1799 : ( ! defined $_->[0] ) ? [ {}, $_->[1] ]
1800 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'HASH') ? [(
1803 exists $_->[0]{dbd_attrs}
1805 $_->[0]{sqlt_datatype}
1807 : $resolve_bindinfo->($_->[0])
1810 : (ref $_->[0] eq 'SCALAR') ? [ { sqlt_datatype => ${$_->[0]} }, $_->[1] ]
1811 : [ $resolve_bindinfo->(
1812 { dbic_colname => $_->[0] }
1817 sub _format_for_trace {
1818 #my ($self, $bind) = @_;
1820 ### Turn @bind from something like this:
1821 ### ( [ "artist", 1 ], [ \%attrs, 3 ] )
1823 ### ( "'1'", "'3'" )
1826 defined( $_ && $_->[1] )
1827 ? sprintf( "'%s'", "$_->[1]" ) # because overload
1833 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1835 $self->debugobj->query_start( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1840 my ( $self, $sql, $bind ) = @_;
1842 $self->debugobj->query_end( $sql, $self->_format_for_trace($bind) )
1846 sub _dbi_attrs_for_bind {
1847 #my ($self, $ident, $bind) = @_;
1851 exists $_->{dbd_attrs} ? $_->{dbd_attrs}
1853 : ! $_->{sqlt_datatype} ? undef
1857 # cache the result in the dbh_details hash, as it (usually) can not change
1858 # unless we connect to something else
1859 # FIXME: for the time being Oracle is an exception, pending a rewrite of
1861 my $cache = $_[0]->_dbh_details->{_datatype_map_cache} ||= {};
1863 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}} = $_[0]->bind_attribute_by_data_type($_->{sqlt_datatype})
1864 if ! exists $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}};
1866 $cache->{$_->{sqlt_datatype}};
1868 } } map { $_->[0] } @{$_[2]} ];
1872 my ($self, $op, $ident, @args) = @_;
1874 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute($op, $ident, \@args);
1876 # not even a PID check - we do not care about the state of the _dbh.
1877 # All we need is to get the appropriate drivers loaded if they aren't
1878 # already so that the assumption in ad7c50fc26e holds
1879 $self->_populate_dbh unless $self->_dbh;
1881 $self->dbh_do( _dbh_execute => # retry over disconnects
1884 $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($ident, $bind),
1889 my ($self, $dbh, $sql, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1891 $self->_query_start( $sql, $bind );
1893 my $sth = $self->_bind_sth_params(
1894 $self->_prepare_sth($dbh, $sql),
1899 # Can this fail without throwing an exception anyways???
1900 my $rv = $sth->execute();
1901 $self->throw_exception(
1902 $sth->errstr || $sth->err || 'Unknown error: execute() returned false, but error flags were not set...'
1905 $self->_query_end( $sql, $bind );
1907 return (wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$bind) : $rv);
1911 my ($self, $dbh, $sql) = @_;
1913 # 3 is the if_active parameter which avoids active sth re-use
1914 my $sth = $self->disable_sth_caching
1915 ? $dbh->prepare($sql)
1916 : $dbh->prepare_cached($sql, {}, 3);
1918 # XXX You would think RaiseError would make this impossible,
1919 # but apparently that's not true :(
1920 $self->throw_exception(
1923 sprintf( "\$dbh->prepare() of '%s' through %s failed *silently* without "
1924 .'an exception and/or setting $dbh->errstr',
1926 ? substr($sql, 0, 20) . '...'
1929 'DBD::' . $dbh->{Driver}{Name},
1936 sub _bind_sth_params {
1937 my ($self, $sth, $bind, $bind_attrs) = @_;
1939 for my $i (0 .. $#$bind) {
1940 if (ref $bind->[$i][1] eq 'SCALAR') { # any scalarrefs are assumed to be bind_inouts
1941 $sth->bind_param_inout(
1942 $i + 1, # bind params counts are 1-based
1944 $bind->[$i][0]{dbd_size} || $self->_max_column_bytesize($bind->[$i][0]), # size
1949 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - DBI needs fixing to always stringify regardless of DBD
1950 my $v = ( length ref $bind->[$i][1] and is_plain_value $bind->[$i][1] )
1957 # The temp-var is CRUCIAL - DO NOT REMOVE IT, breaks older DBD::SQLite RT#79576
1967 sub _prefetch_autovalues {
1968 my ($self, $source, $colinfo, $to_insert) = @_;
1971 for my $col (keys %$colinfo) {
1973 $colinfo->{$col}{auto_nextval}
1976 ! exists $to_insert->{$col}
1978 is_literal_value($to_insert->{$col})
1981 $values{$col} = $self->_sequence_fetch(
1983 ( $colinfo->{$col}{sequence} ||=
1984 $self->_dbh_get_autoinc_seq($self->_get_dbh, $source, $col)
1994 my ($self, $source, $to_insert) = @_;
1996 my $col_infos = $source->columns_info;
1998 my $prefetched_values = $self->_prefetch_autovalues($source, $col_infos, $to_insert);
2000 # fuse the values, but keep a separate list of prefetched_values so that
2001 # they can be fused once again with the final return
2002 $to_insert = { %$to_insert, %$prefetched_values };
2004 my %pcols = map { $_ => 1 } $source->primary_columns;
2006 my (%retrieve_cols, $autoinc_supplied, $retrieve_autoinc_col);
2008 for my $col ($source->columns) {
2010 # first autoinc wins - this is why ->columns() in-order iteration is important
2012 # FIXME - there ought to be a sanity-check for multiple is_auto_increment settings
2015 if ($col_infos->{$col}{is_auto_increment}) {
2017 # FIXME - we seem to assume undef values as non-supplied.
2019 # Investigate what does it take to s/defined/exists/
2020 # ( fails t/cdbi/copy.t amoong other things )
2021 $autoinc_supplied ||= 1 if defined $to_insert->{$col};
2023 $retrieve_autoinc_col ||= $col unless $autoinc_supplied;
2026 # nothing to retrieve when explicit values are supplied
2028 # FIXME - we seem to assume undef values as non-supplied.
2030 # Investigate what does it take to s/defined/exists/
2031 # ( fails t/cdbi/copy.t amoong other things )
2032 defined $to_insert->{$col}
2035 # not a ref - cheaper to check before a call to is_literal_value()
2036 ! length ref $to_insert->{$col}
2038 # not a literal we *MAY* need to pull out ( see check below )
2039 ! is_literal_value( $to_insert->{$col} )
2043 # the 'scalar keys' is a trick to preserve the ->columns declaration order
2044 $retrieve_cols{$col} = scalar keys %retrieve_cols if (
2047 $col_infos->{$col}{retrieve_on_insert}
2051 # corner case of a non-supplied PK which is *not* declared as autoinc
2055 ! defined $retrieve_autoinc_col
2057 # FIXME - first come-first serve, suboptimal...
2058 ($retrieve_autoinc_col) = ( grep
2062 ! $col_infos->{$_}{retrieve_on_insert}
2064 ! defined $col_infos->{$_}{is_auto_increment}
2067 { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} }
2072 "Missing value for primary key column '$retrieve_autoinc_col' on "
2073 . "@{[ $source->source_name ]} - perhaps you forgot to set its "
2074 . "'is_auto_increment' attribute during add_columns()? Treating "
2075 . "'$retrieve_autoinc_col' implicitly as an autoinc, and attempting "
2080 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} = $autoinc_supplied;
2081 local $self->{_perform_autoinc_retrieval} = $retrieve_autoinc_col;
2083 my ($sqla_opts, @ir_container);
2084 if (%retrieve_cols and $self->_use_insert_returning) {
2085 $sqla_opts->{returning_container} = \@ir_container
2086 if $self->_use_insert_returning_bound;
2088 $sqla_opts->{returning} = [
2089 sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols
2093 my ($rv, $sth) = $self->_execute('insert', $source, $to_insert, $sqla_opts);
2095 my %returned_cols = %$to_insert;
2096 if (my $retlist = $sqla_opts->{returning}) { # if IR is supported - we will get everything in one set
2098 unless( @ir_container ) {
2101 # FIXME - need to investigate why Caelum silenced this in 4d4dc518
2102 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
2104 @ir_container = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2108 # Evict the $sth from the cache in case we got here, since the finish()
2109 # is crucial, at least on older Firebirds, possibly on other engines too
2111 # It would be too complex to make this a proper subclass override,
2112 # and besides we already take the try{} penalty, adding a catch that
2113 # triggers infrequently is a no-brainer
2115 if( my $kids = $self->_dbh->{CachedKids} ) {
2116 $kids->{$_} == $sth and delete $kids->{$_}
2122 @returned_cols{@$retlist} = @ir_container if @ir_container;
2125 # pull in PK if needed and then everything else
2126 if (my @missing_pri = grep { $pcols{$_} } keys %retrieve_cols) {
2128 $self->throw_exception( "Missing primary key but Storage doesn't support last_insert_id" )
2129 unless $self->can('last_insert_id');
2131 my @pri_values = $self->last_insert_id($source, @missing_pri);
2133 $self->throw_exception( "Can't get last insert id" )
2134 unless (@pri_values == @missing_pri);
2136 @returned_cols{@missing_pri} = @pri_values;
2137 delete @retrieve_cols{@missing_pri};
2140 # if there is more left to pull
2141 if (%retrieve_cols) {
2142 $self->throw_exception(
2143 'Unable to retrieve additional columns without a Primary Key on ' . $source->source_name
2146 my @left_to_fetch = sort { $retrieve_cols{$a} <=> $retrieve_cols{$b} } keys %retrieve_cols;
2148 my $cur = DBIx::Class::ResultSet->new($source, {
2149 where => { map { $_ => $returned_cols{$_} } (keys %pcols) },
2150 select => \@left_to_fetch,
2153 @returned_cols{@left_to_fetch} = $cur->next;
2155 $self->throw_exception('Duplicate row returned for PK-search after fresh insert')
2156 if scalar $cur->next;
2160 return { %$prefetched_values, %returned_cols };
2165 'insert_bulk() should have never been exposed as a public method and '
2166 . 'calling it is depecated as of Aug 2014. If you believe having a genuine '
2167 . 'use for this method please contact the development team via '
2168 . DBIx::Class::_ENV_::HELP_URL
2171 return '0E0' unless @{$_[3]||[]};
2173 shift->_insert_bulk(@_);
2177 my ($self, $source, $cols, $data) = @_;
2179 $self->throw_exception('Calling _insert_bulk without a dataset to process makes no sense')
2180 unless @{$data||[]};
2182 my $colinfos = $source->columns_info($cols);
2184 local $self->{_autoinc_supplied_for_op} =
2185 (grep { $_->{is_auto_increment} } values %$colinfos)
2190 # get a slice type index based on first row of data
2191 # a "column" in this context may refer to more than one bind value
2192 # e.g. \[ '?, ?', [...], [...] ]
2194 # construct the value type index - a description of values types for every
2195 # per-column slice of $data:
2197 # nonexistent - nonbind literal
2199 # [] of bindattrs - resolved attribute(s) of bind(s) passed via literal+bind \[] combo
2201 # also construct the column hash to pass to the SQL generator. For plain
2202 # (non literal) values - convert the members of the first row into a
2203 # literal+bind combo, with extra positional info in the bind attr hashref.
2204 # This will allow us to match the order properly, and is so contrived
2205 # because a user-supplied literal/bind (or something else specific to a
2206 # resultsource and/or storage driver) can inject extra binds along the
2207 # way, so one can't rely on "shift positions" ordering at all. Also we
2208 # can't just hand SQLA a set of some known "values" (e.g. hashrefs that
2209 # can be later matched up by address), because we want to supply a real
2210 # value on which perhaps e.g. datatype checks will be performed
2211 my ($proto_data, $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx);
2212 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
2213 my $colname = $cols->[$col_idx];
2214 if (ref $data->[0][$col_idx] eq 'SCALAR') {
2215 # no bind value at all - no type
2217 $proto_data->{$colname} = $data->[0][$col_idx];
2219 elsif (ref $data->[0][$col_idx] eq 'REF' and ref ${$data->[0][$col_idx]} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
2220 # repack, so we don't end up mangling the original \[]
2221 my ($sql, @bind) = @${$data->[0][$col_idx]};
2223 # normalization of user supplied stuff
2224 my $resolved_bind = $self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2225 $source, \@bind, $colinfos,
2228 # store value-less (attrs only) bind info - we will be comparing all
2229 # supplied binds against this for sanity
2230 $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} = serialize [ map { $_->[0] } @$resolved_bind ];
2232 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ $sql, map { [
2233 # inject slice order to use for $proto_bind construction
2234 { %{$resolved_bind->[$_][0]}, _bind_data_slice_idx => $col_idx, _literal_bind_subindex => $_+1 }
2236 $resolved_bind->[$_][1]
2241 $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} = undef;
2243 $proto_data->{$colname} = \[ '?', [
2244 { dbic_colname => $colname, _bind_data_slice_idx => $col_idx }
2246 $data->[0][$col_idx]
2251 my ($sql, $proto_bind) = $self->_prep_for_execute (
2257 if (! @$proto_bind and keys %$serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx) {
2258 # if the bindlist is empty and we had some dynamic binds, this means the
2259 # storage ate them away (e.g. the NoBindVars component) and interpolated
2260 # them directly into the SQL. This obviously can't be good for multi-inserts
2261 $self->throw_exception('Unable to invoke fast-path insert without storage placeholder support');
2265 # FIXME - devise a flag "no babysitting" or somesuch to shut this off
2267 # use an error reporting closure for convenience (less to pass)
2268 my $bad_slice_report_cref = sub {
2269 my ($msg, $r_idx, $c_idx) = @_;
2270 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "%s for column '%s' in populate slice:\n%s",
2274 local $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 5;
2276 map { $cols->[$_] =>
2284 for my $col_idx (0..$#$cols) {
2285 my $reference_val = $data->[0][$col_idx];
2287 for my $row_idx (1..$#$data) { # we are comparing against what we got from [0] above, hence start from 1
2288 my $val = $data->[$row_idx][$col_idx];
2290 if (! exists $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx}) { # literal no binds
2291 if (ref $val ne 'SCALAR') {
2292 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2293 "Incorrect value (expecting SCALAR-ref \\'$$reference_val')",
2298 elsif ($$val ne $$reference_val) {
2299 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2300 "Inconsistent literal SQL value (expecting \\'$$reference_val')",
2306 elsif (! defined $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx} ) { # regular non-literal value
2307 if (is_literal_value($val)) {
2308 $bad_slice_report_cref->("Literal SQL found where a plain bind value is expected", $row_idx, $col_idx);
2311 else { # binds from a \[], compare type and attrs
2312 if (ref $val ne 'REF' or ref $$val ne 'ARRAY') {
2313 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2314 "Incorrect value (expecting ARRAYREF-ref \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2319 # start drilling down and bail out early on identical refs
2321 $reference_val != $val
2323 $$reference_val != $$val
2325 if (${$val}->[0] ne ${$reference_val}->[0]) {
2326 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2327 "Inconsistent literal/bind SQL (expecting \\['${$reference_val}->[0]', ... ])",
2332 # need to check the bind attrs - a bind will happen only once for
2333 # the entire dataset, so any changes further down will be ignored.
2335 $serialized_bind_type_by_col_idx->{$col_idx}
2340 @{$self->_resolve_bindattrs(
2341 $source, [ @{$$val}[1 .. $#$$val] ], $colinfos,
2345 $bad_slice_report_cref->(
2346 'Differing bind attributes on literal/bind values not supported',
2356 # neither _dbh_execute_for_fetch, nor _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds
2357 # are atomic (even if execute_for_fetch is a single call). Thus a safety
2359 my $guard = $self->txn_scope_guard;
2361 $self->_query_start( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[ {} => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2362 my $sth = $self->_prepare_sth($self->_dbh, $sql);
2365 # proto bind contains the information on which pieces of $data to pull
2366 # $cols is passed in only for prettier error-reporting
2367 $self->_dbh_execute_for_fetch( $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data );
2370 # bind_param_array doesn't work if there are no binds
2371 $self->_dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds( $sth, scalar @$data );
2375 $self->_query_end( $sql, @$proto_bind ? [[ {} => '__BULK_INSERT__' ]] : () );
2379 return wantarray ? ($rv, $sth, @$proto_bind) : $rv;
2382 # execute_for_fetch is capable of returning data just fine (it means it
2383 # can be used for INSERT...RETURNING and UPDATE...RETURNING. Since this
2384 # is the void-populate fast-path we will just ignore this altogether
2385 # for the time being.
2386 sub _dbh_execute_for_fetch {
2387 my ($self, $source, $sth, $proto_bind, $cols, $data) = @_;
2389 # If we have any bind attributes to take care of, we will bind the
2390 # proto-bind data (which will never be used by execute_for_fetch)
2391 # However since column bindtypes are "sticky", this is sufficient
2392 # to get the DBD to apply the bindtype to all values later on
2393 my $bind_attrs = $self->_dbi_attrs_for_bind($source, $proto_bind);
2395 for my $i (0 .. $#$proto_bind) {
2397 $i+1, # DBI bind indexes are 1-based
2398 $proto_bind->[$i][1],
2400 ) if defined $bind_attrs->[$i];
2403 # At this point $data slots named in the _bind_data_slice_idx of
2404 # each piece of $proto_bind are either \[]s or plain values to be
2405 # passed in. Construct the dispensing coderef. *NOTE* the order
2406 # of $data will differ from this of the ?s in the SQL (due to
2407 # alphabetical ordering by colname). We actually do want to
2408 # preserve this behavior so that prepare_cached has a better
2409 # chance of matching on unrelated calls
2411 my $fetch_row_idx = -1; # saner loop this way
2412 my $fetch_tuple = sub {
2413 return undef if ++$fetch_row_idx > $#$data;
2416 my $v = ! defined $_->{_literal_bind_subindex}
2418 ? $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]
2420 # There are no attributes to resolve here - we already did everything
2421 # when we constructed proto_bind. However we still want to sanity-check
2422 # what the user supplied, so pass stuff through to the resolver *anyway*
2423 : $self->_resolve_bindattrs (
2424 undef, # a fake rsrc
2425 [ ${ $data->[ $fetch_row_idx ]->[ $_->{_bind_data_slice_idx} ]}->[ $_->{_literal_bind_subindex} ] ],
2426 {}, # a fake column_info bag
2430 # FIXME SUBOPTIMAL - DBI needs fixing to always stringify regardless of DBD
2431 # For the time being forcibly stringify whatever is stringifiable
2434 ( !length ref $v or ! ($vref = is_plain_value $v) ) ? $v
2435 : defined blessed( $$vref ) ? "$$vref"
2438 } map { $_->[0] } @$proto_bind ];
2441 my $tuple_status = [];
2444 $rv = $sth->execute_for_fetch(
2453 # Not all DBDs are create equal. Some throw on error, some return
2454 # an undef $rv, and some set $sth->err - try whatever we can
2455 $err = ($sth->errstr || 'UNKNOWN ERROR ($sth->errstr is unset)') if (
2458 ( !defined $rv or $sth->err )
2461 # Statement must finish even if there was an exception.
2466 $err = shift unless defined $err
2471 ++$i while $i <= $#$tuple_status && !ref $tuple_status->[$i];
2473 $self->throw_exception("Unexpected populate error: $err")
2474 if ($i > $#$tuple_status);
2476 $self->throw_exception(sprintf "execute_for_fetch() aborted with '%s' at populate slice:\n%s",
2477 ($tuple_status->[$i][1] || $err),
2478 dump_value { map { $cols->[$_] => $data->[$i][$_] } (0 .. $#$cols) },
2485 sub _dbh_execute_inserts_with_no_binds {
2486 my ($self, $sth, $count) = @_;
2490 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2491 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2492 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2494 $sth->execute foreach 1..$count;
2500 # Make sure statement is finished even if there was an exception.
2505 $err = shift unless defined $err;
2508 $self->throw_exception($err) if defined $err;
2514 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2515 shift->_execute('update', @_);
2520 #my ($self, $source, @args) = @_;
2521 shift->_execute('delete', @_);
2526 $self->_execute($self->_select_args(@_));
2529 sub _select_args_to_query {
2532 $self->throw_exception(
2533 "Unable to generate limited query representation with 'software_limit' enabled"
2534 ) if ($_[3]->{software_limit} and ($_[3]->{offset} or $_[3]->{rows}) );
2536 # my ($op, $ident, $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset)
2537 # = $self->_select_args($ident, $select, $cond, $attrs);
2538 my ($op, $ident, @args) =
2539 $self->_select_args(@_);
2541 # my ($sql, $prepared_bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, [ $select, $cond, $rs_attrs, $rows, $offset ]);
2542 my ($sql, $bind) = $self->_gen_sql_bind($op, $ident, \@args);
2544 # reuse the bind arrayref
2545 unshift @{$bind}, "($sql)";
2550 my ($self, $ident, $select, $where, $orig_attrs) = @_;
2552 # FIXME - that kind of caching would be nice to have
2553 # however currently we *may* pass the same $orig_attrs
2554 # with different ident/select/where
2555 # the whole interface needs to be rethought, since it
2556 # was centered around the flawed SQLA API. We can do
2557 # soooooo much better now. But that is also another
2560 # 'select', $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!}
2561 #) if $orig_attrs->{!args_as_stored_at_the_end_of_this_method!};
2563 my $sql_maker = $self->sql_maker;
2572 # MySQL actually recommends this approach. I cringe.
2573 $attrs->{rows} ||= $sql_maker->__max_int
2574 if $attrs->{offset};
2576 # see if we will need to tear the prefetch apart to satisfy group_by == select
2577 # this is *extremely tricky* to get right, I am still not sure I did
2579 my ($prefetch_needs_subquery, @limit_args);
2581 if ( $attrs->{_grouped_by_distinct} and $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2582 # we already know there is a valid group_by (we made it) and we know it is
2583 # intended to be based *only* on non-multi stuff
2584 # short circuit the group_by parsing below
2585 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2588 # The rationale is that even if we do *not* have collapse, we still
2589 # need to wrap the core grouped select/group_by in a subquery
2590 # so that databases that care about group_by/select equivalence
2591 # are happy (this includes MySQL in strict_mode)
2592 # If any of the other joined tables are referenced in the group_by
2593 # however - the user is on their own
2594 ( $prefetch_needs_subquery or ! $attrs->{_simple_passthrough_construction} )
2598 @{$attrs->{group_by}}
2600 my $grp_aliases = dbic_internal_try { # internal_try{} because $attrs->{from} may be unreadable
2601 $self->_resolve_aliastypes_from_select_args({ from => $attrs->{from}, group_by => $attrs->{group_by} })
2604 # no aliases other than our own in group_by
2605 # if there are - do not allow subquery even if limit is present
2606 $prefetch_needs_subquery = ! scalar grep { $_ ne $attrs->{alias} } keys %{ $grp_aliases->{grouping} || {} };
2608 elsif ( $attrs->{rows} && $attrs->{collapse} ) {
2609 # active collapse with a limit - that one is a no-brainer unless
2610 # overruled by a group_by above
2611 $prefetch_needs_subquery = 1;
2614 if ($prefetch_needs_subquery) {
2615 $attrs = $self->_adjust_select_args_for_complex_prefetch ($attrs);
2617 elsif (! $attrs->{software_limit} ) {
2619 $attrs->{rows} || (),
2620 $attrs->{offset} || (),
2624 # try to simplify the joinmap further (prune unreferenced type-single joins)
2626 ! $prefetch_needs_subquery # already pruned
2630 reftype $attrs->{from} eq 'ARRAY'
2632 @{$attrs->{from}} != 1
2634 ($attrs->{from}, $attrs->{_aliastypes}) = $self->_prune_unused_joins ($attrs);
2637 # FIXME this is a gross, inefficient, largely incorrect and fragile hack
2638 # during the result inflation stage we *need* to know what was the aliastype
2639 # map as sqla saw it when the final pieces of SQL were being assembled
2640 # Originally we simply carried around the entirety of $attrs, but this
2641 # resulted in resultsets that are being reused growing continuously, as
2642 # the hash in question grew deeper and deeper.
2643 # Instead hand-pick what to take with us here (we actually don't need much
2644 # at this point just the map itself)
2645 $orig_attrs->{_last_sqlmaker_alias_map} = $attrs->{_aliastypes};
2648 # my $alias2source = $self->_resolve_ident_sources ($ident);
2650 # This would be the point to deflate anything found in $attrs->{where}
2651 # (and leave $attrs->{bind} intact). Problem is - inflators historically
2652 # expect a result object. And all we have is a resultsource (it is trivial
2653 # to extract deflator coderefs via $alias2source above).
2655 # I don't see a way forward other than changing the way deflators are
2656 # invoked, and that's just bad...
2659 return ( 'select', @{$attrs}{qw(from select where)}, $attrs, @limit_args );
2662 # Returns a counting SELECT for a simple count
2663 # query. Abstracted so that a storage could override
2664 # this to { count => 'firstcol' } or whatever makes
2665 # sense as a performance optimization
2667 #my ($self, $source, $rs_attrs) = @_;
2668 return { count => '*' };
2675 =item Arguments: $ident, $select, $condition, $attrs
2679 Handle a SQL select statement.
2685 my ($ident, $select, $condition, $attrs) = @_;
2686 return $self->cursor_class->new($self, \@_, $attrs);
2691 my ($rv, $sth, @bind) = $self->_select(@_);
2692 my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array;
2693 my @nextrow = $sth->fetchrow_array if @row;
2694 if(@row && @nextrow) {
2695 carp "Query returned more than one row. SQL that returns multiple rows is DEPRECATED for ->find and ->single";
2697 # Need to call finish() to work round broken DBDs
2702 =head2 sql_limit_dialect
2704 This is an accessor for the default SQL limit dialect used by a particular
2705 storage driver. Can be overridden by supplying an explicit L</limit_dialect>
2706 to L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect>. For a list of available limit dialects
2707 see L<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::LimitDialects>.
2711 sub _dbh_columns_info_for {
2712 my ($self, $dbh, $table) = @_;
2716 if (! DBIx::Class::_ENV_::STRESSTEST_COLUMN_INFO_UNAWARE_STORAGE and $dbh->can('column_info')) {
2718 my ($schema,$tab) = $table =~ /^(.+?)\.(.+)$/ ? ($1,$2) : (undef,$table);
2719 my $sth = $dbh->column_info( undef,$schema, $tab, '%' );
2721 while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){
2723 $column_info{data_type} = $info->{TYPE_NAME};
2724 $column_info{size} = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE};
2725 $column_info{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0;
2726 $column_info{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF};
2727 my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME};
2728 $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/;
2730 $result{$col_name} = \%column_info;
2736 return \%result if keys %result;
2739 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($self->sql_maker->select($table, undef, \'1 = 0'));
2742 ### The acrobatics with lc names is necessary to support both the legacy
2743 ### API that used NAME_lc exclusively, *AND* at the same time work properly
2744 ### with column names differing in cas eonly (thanks pg!)
2746 my ($columns, $seen_lcs);
2748 ++$seen_lcs->{lc($_)} and $columns->{$_} = {
2749 idx => scalar keys %$columns,
2752 } for @{$sth->{NAME}};
2754 $seen_lcs->{$_->{lc_name}} == 1
2756 $_->{name} = $_->{lc_name}
2757 for values %$columns;
2759 for ( values %$columns ) {
2761 data_type => $sth->{TYPE}->[$_->{idx}],
2762 size => $sth->{PRECISION}->[$_->{idx}],
2763 is_nullable => $sth->{NULLABLE}->[$_->{idx}] ? 1 : 0,
2766 if ($inf->{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) {
2767 @{$inf}{qw( data_type size)} = ($1, $2);
2770 $result{$_->{name}} = $inf;
2775 if ($dbh->can('type_info')) {
2776 for my $inf (values %result) {
2777 next if ! defined $inf->{data_type};
2779 $inf->{data_type} = (
2782 $dbh->type_info( $inf->{data_type} )
2793 # FIXME - this may be an artifact of the DBD::Pg implmentation alone
2794 # needs more testing in the future...
2795 $inf->{size} -= 4 if (
2796 ( $inf->{size}||0 > 4 )
2798 $inf->{data_type} =~ qr/^text$/i
2807 sub columns_info_for {
2808 my ($self, $table) = @_;
2809 $self->_dbh_columns_info_for ($self->_get_dbh, $table);
2812 =head2 last_insert_id
2814 Return the row id of the last insert.
2818 sub _dbh_last_insert_id {
2819 my ($self, $dbh, $source, $col) = @_;
2821 my $id = dbic_internal_try { $dbh->last_insert_id (undef, undef, $source->name, $col) };
2823 return $id if defined $id;
2825 my $class = ref $self;
2826 $self->throw_exception ("No storage specific _dbh_last_insert_id() method implemented in $class, and the generic DBI::last_insert_id() failed");
2829 sub last_insert_id {
2831 $self->_dbh_last_insert_id ($self->_dbh, @_);
2834 =head2 _native_data_type
2838 =item Arguments: $type_name
2842 This API is B<EXPERIMENTAL>, will almost definitely change in the future, and
2843 currently only used by L<::AutoCast|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::AutoCast> and
2844 L<::Sybase::ASE|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Sybase::ASE>.
2846 The default implementation returns C<undef>, implement in your Storage driver if
2847 you need this functionality.
2849 Should map types from other databases to the native RDBMS type, for example
2850 C<VARCHAR2> to C<VARCHAR>.
2852 Types with modifiers should map to the underlying data type. For example,
2853 C<INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT> should become C<INTEGER>.
2855 Composite types should map to the container type, for example
2856 C<ENUM(foo,bar,baz)> becomes C<ENUM>.
2860 sub _native_data_type {
2861 #my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
2865 # Check if placeholders are supported at all
2866 sub _determine_supports_placeholders {
2868 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2870 # some drivers provide a $dbh attribute (e.g. Sybase and $dbh->{syb_dynamic_supported})
2871 # but it is inaccurate more often than not
2872 ( dbic_internal_try {
2873 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2874 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2875 $dbh->do('select ?', {}, 1);
2883 # Check if placeholders bound to non-string types throw exceptions
2885 sub _determine_supports_typeless_placeholders {
2887 my $dbh = $self->_get_dbh;
2889 ( dbic_internal_try {
2890 local $dbh->{PrintError} = 0;
2891 local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;
2892 # this specifically tests a bind that is NOT a string
2893 $dbh->do('select 1 where 1 = ?', {}, 1);
2903 Returns the database driver name.
2908 shift->_get_dbh->{Driver}->{Name};
2911 =head2 bind_attribute_by_data_type
2913 Given a datatype from column info, returns a database specific bind
2914 attribute for C<< $dbh->bind_param($val,$attribute) >> or nothing if we will
2915 let the database planner just handle it.
2917 This method is always called after the driver has been determined and a DBI
2918 connection has been established. Therefore you can refer to C<DBI::$constant>
2919 and/or C<DBD::$driver::$constant> directly, without worrying about loading
2920 the correct modules.
2924 sub bind_attribute_by_data_type {
2928 =head2 is_datatype_numeric
2930 Given a datatype from column_info, returns a boolean value indicating if
2931 the current RDBMS considers it a numeric value. This controls how
2932 L<DBIx::Class::Row/set_column> decides whether to mark the column as
2933 dirty - when the datatype is deemed numeric a C<< != >> comparison will
2934 be performed instead of the usual C<eq>.
2938 sub is_datatype_numeric {
2939 #my ($self, $dt) = @_;
2941 return 0 unless $_[1];
2944 numeric | int(?:eger)? | (?:tiny|small|medium|big)int | dec(?:imal)? | real | float | double (?: \s+ precision)? | (?:big)?serial
2949 =head2 create_ddl_dir
2953 =item Arguments: $schema, \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, \%sqlt_args
2957 Creates a SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
2958 database engines in C<\@databases> in the given directory.
2959 (note: specify L<SQL::Translator> names, not L<DBI> driver names).
2961 Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing
2962 the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the
2963 current one. Note that these statements may contain C<DROP TABLE> or
2964 C<DROP COLUMN> statements that can potentially destroy data.
2966 The file names are created using the C<ddl_filename> method below, please
2967 override this method in your schema if you would like a different file
2968 name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing
2969 $version in the name with "$preversion-$version".
2971 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
2972 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
2973 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
2974 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_identifiers>.
2976 If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are assumed:
2980 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL']
2982 =item version - $schema->schema_version
2984 =item directory - './'
2986 =item preversion - <none>
2990 By default, C<\%sqlt_args> will have
2992 { add_drop_table => 1, ignore_constraint_names => 1, ignore_index_names => 1 }
2994 merged with the hash passed in. To disable any of those features, pass in a
2995 hashref like the following
2997 { ignore_constraint_names => 0, # ... other options }
3000 WARNING: You are strongly advised to check all SQL files created, before applying
3005 sub create_ddl_dir {
3006 my ($self, $schema, $databases, $version, $dir, $preversion, $sqltargs) = @_;
3008 require DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
3009 if (my $missing = DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy')) {
3010 $self->throw_exception("Can't create a ddl file without $missing");
3014 carp "No directory given, using ./\n";
3018 mkdir_p( $dir ) unless -d $dir;
3021 $databases ||= ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'];
3022 $databases = [ $databases ] if(ref($databases) ne 'ARRAY');
3024 my $schema_version = $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
3025 $version ||= $schema_version;
3028 add_drop_table => 1,
3029 ignore_constraint_names => 1,
3030 ignore_index_names => 1,
3031 quote_identifiers => $self->sql_maker->_quoting_enabled,
3035 my $sqlt = SQL::Translator->new( $sqltargs );
3037 $sqlt->parser('SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class');
3038 my $sqlt_schema = $sqlt->translate({ data => $schema })
3039 or $self->throw_exception ($sqlt->error);
3041 foreach my $db (@$databases) {
3043 $sqlt->{schema} = $sqlt_schema;
3044 $sqlt->producer($db);
3047 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir);
3048 if (-e $filename && ($version eq $schema_version )) {
3049 # if we are dumping the current version, overwrite the DDL
3050 carp "Overwriting existing DDL file - $filename";
3054 my $output = $sqlt->translate;
3056 carp("Failed to translate to $db, skipping. (" . $sqlt->error . ")");
3059 if(!open($file, ">$filename")) {
3060 $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename for writing ($!)");
3063 print $file $output;
3066 next unless ($preversion);
3068 require SQL::Translator::Diff;
3070 my $prefilename = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $preversion, $dir);
3071 if(!-e $prefilename) {
3072 carp("No previous schema file found ($prefilename)");
3076 my $difffile = $schema->ddl_filename($db, $version, $dir, $preversion);
3078 carp("Overwriting existing diff file - $difffile");
3084 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
3089 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3091 my $out = $t->translate( $prefilename )
3092 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3094 $source_schema = $t->schema;
3096 $source_schema->name( $prefilename )
3097 unless ( $source_schema->name );
3100 # The "new" style of producers have sane normalization and can support
3101 # diffing a SQL file against a DBIC->SQLT schema. Old style ones don't
3102 # And we have to diff parsed SQL against parsed SQL.
3103 my $dest_schema = $sqlt_schema;
3105 unless ( "SQL::Translator::Producer::$db"->can('preprocess_schema') ) {
3106 my $t = SQL::Translator->new($sqltargs);
3111 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3113 my $out = $t->translate( $filename )
3114 or $self->throw_exception ($t->error);
3116 $dest_schema = $t->schema;
3118 $dest_schema->name( $filename )
3119 unless $dest_schema->name;
3123 # FIXME - this is a terrible workaround for
3124 # https://github.com/dbsrgits/sql-translator/commit/2d23c1e
3125 # Fixing it in this sloppy manner so that we don't hve to
3126 # lockstep an SQLT release as well. Needs to be removed at
3127 # some point, and SQLT dep bumped
3128 local $SQL::Translator::Producer::SQLite::NO_QUOTES
3129 if $SQL::Translator::Producer::SQLite::NO_QUOTES;
3131 SQL::Translator::Diff::schema_diff($source_schema, $db,
3137 if(!open $file, ">$difffile") {
3138 $self->throw_exception("Can't write to $difffile ($!)");
3146 =head2 deployment_statements
3150 =item Arguments: $schema, $type, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
3154 Returns the statements used by L<DBIx::Class::Storage/deploy>
3155 and L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
3157 The L<SQL::Translator> (not L<DBI>) database driver name can be explicitly
3158 provided in C<$type>, otherwise the result of L</sqlt_type> is used as default.
3160 C<$directory> is used to return statements from files in a previously created
3161 L</create_ddl_dir> directory and is optional. The filenames are constructed
3162 from L<DBIx::Class::Schema/ddl_filename>, the schema name and the C<$version>.
3164 If no C<$directory> is specified then the statements are constructed on the
3165 fly using L<SQL::Translator> and C<$version> is ignored.
3167 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>.
3171 sub deployment_statements {
3172 my ($self, $schema, $type, $version, $dir, $sqltargs) = @_;
3174 $self->throw_exception(
3175 'Calling deployment_statements() in void context makes no sense'
3176 ) unless defined wantarray;
3178 $type ||= $self->sqlt_type;
3179 $version ||= $schema->schema_version || '1.x';
3181 my $filename = $schema->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir);
3184 # FIXME replace this block when a proper sane sql parser is available
3186 open($file, "<$filename")
3187 or $self->throw_exception("Can't open $filename ($!)");
3190 return join('', @rows);
3193 require DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
3194 if (my $missing = DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies->req_missing_for ('deploy') ) {
3195 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without a pregenerated 'ddl_dir' directory or $missing");
3198 # sources needs to be a parser arg, but for simplicity allow at top level
3200 $sqltargs->{parser_args}{sources} = delete $sqltargs->{sources}
3201 if exists $sqltargs->{sources};
3203 $sqltargs->{quote_identifiers} = $self->sql_maker->_quoting_enabled
3204 unless exists $sqltargs->{quote_identifiers};
3206 my $tr = SQL::Translator->new(
3207 producer => "SQL::Translator::Producer::${type}",
3209 parser => 'SQL::Translator::Parser::DBIx::Class',
3213 return preserve_context {
3216 $self->throw_exception( 'Unable to produce deployment statements: ' . $tr->error)
3217 unless defined $_[0];
3221 # FIXME deploy() currently does not accurately report sql errors
3222 # Will always return true while errors are warned
3224 my ($self, $schema, $type, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
3228 return if($line =~ /^--/);
3229 # next if($line =~ /^DROP/m);
3230 return if($line =~ /^BEGIN TRANSACTION/m);
3231 return if($line =~ /^COMMIT/m);
3232 return if $line =~ /^\s+$/; # skip whitespace only
3233 $self->_query_start($line);
3235 # do a dbh_do cycle here, as we need some error checking in
3236 # place (even though we will ignore errors)
3237 $self->dbh_do (sub { $_[1]->do($line) });
3239 carp qq{$_ (running "${line}")};
3241 $self->_query_end($line);
3243 my @statements = $schema->deployment_statements($type, undef, $dir, { %{ $sqltargs || {} }, no_comments => 1 } );
3244 if (@statements > 1) {
3245 foreach my $statement (@statements) {
3246 $deploy->( $statement );
3249 elsif (@statements == 1) {
3250 # split on single line comments and end of statements
3251 foreach my $line ( split(/\s*--.*\n|;\n/, $statements[0])) {
3257 =head2 datetime_parser
3259 Returns the datetime parser class
3263 sub datetime_parser {
3265 return $self->{datetime_parser} ||= do {
3266 $self->build_datetime_parser(@_);
3270 =head2 datetime_parser_type
3272 Defines the datetime parser class - currently defaults to L<DateTime::Format::MySQL>
3274 =head2 build_datetime_parser
3276 See L</datetime_parser>
3280 sub build_datetime_parser {
3282 my $type = $self->datetime_parser_type(@_);
3287 =head2 is_replicating
3289 A boolean that reports if a particular L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is set to
3290 replicate from a master database. Default is undef, which is the result
3291 returned by databases that don't support replication.
3295 sub is_replicating {
3300 =head2 lag_behind_master
3302 Returns a number that represents a certain amount of lag behind a master db
3303 when a given storage is replicating. The number is database dependent, but
3304 starts at zero and increases with the amount of lag. Default in undef
3308 sub lag_behind_master {
3312 =head2 relname_to_table_alias
3316 =item Arguments: $relname, $join_count
3318 =item Return Value: $alias
3322 L<DBIx::Class> uses L<DBIx::Class::Relationship> names as table aliases in
3325 This hook is to allow specific L<DBIx::Class::Storage> drivers to change the
3326 way these aliases are named.
3328 The default behavior is C<< "$relname_$join_count" if $join_count > 1 >>,
3329 otherwise C<"$relname">.
3333 sub relname_to_table_alias {
3334 my ($self, $relname, $join_count) = @_;
3336 my $alias = ($join_count && $join_count > 1 ?
3337 join('_', $relname, $join_count) : $relname);
3342 # The size in bytes to use for DBI's ->bind_param_inout, this is the generic
3343 # version and it may be necessary to amend or override it for a specific storage
3344 # if such binds are necessary.
3345 sub _max_column_bytesize {
3346 my ($self, $attr) = @_;
3350 if ($attr->{sqlt_datatype}) {
3351 my $data_type = lc($attr->{sqlt_datatype});
3353 if ($attr->{sqlt_size}) {
3355 # String/sized-binary types
3356 if ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3357 l? (?:var)? char(?:acter)? (?:\s*varying)?
3359 (?:var)? binary (?:\s*varying)?
3364 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size};
3366 # Other charset/unicode types, assume scale of 4
3367 elsif ($data_type =~ /^(?:
3368 national \s* character (?:\s*varying)?
3377 $max_size = $attr->{sqlt_size} * 4;
3381 if (!$max_size and !$self->_is_lob_type($data_type)) {
3382 $max_size = 100 # for all other (numeric?) datatypes
3386 $max_size || $self->_dbic_connect_attributes->{LongReadLen} || $self->_get_dbh->{LongReadLen} || 8000;
3389 # Determine if a data_type is some type of BLOB
3391 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3392 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /lob|bfile|text|image|bytea|memo/i
3393 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary
3394 |varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3395 |national\s*character\s*varying))?\z/xi);
3398 sub _is_binary_lob_type {
3399 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3400 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /blob|bfile|image|bytea/i
3401 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:raw|bit\s*varying|varbit|binary))?\z/xi);
3404 sub _is_text_lob_type {
3405 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3406 $data_type && ($data_type =~ /^(?:clob|memo)\z/i
3407 || $data_type =~ /^long(?:\s+(?:varchar|character\s*varying|nvarchar
3408 |national\s*character\s*varying))\z/xi);
3411 # Determine if a data_type is some type of a binary type
3412 sub _is_binary_type {
3413 my ($self, $data_type) = @_;
3414 $data_type && ($self->_is_binary_lob_type($data_type)
3415 || $data_type =~ /(?:var)?(?:binary|bit|graphic)(?:\s*varying)?/i);
3422 =head2 DBIx::Class and AutoCommit
3424 DBIx::Class can do some wonderful magic with handling exceptions,
3425 disconnections, and transactions when you use C<< AutoCommit => 1 >>
3426 (the default) combined with L<txn_do|DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_do> for
3427 transaction support.
3429 If you set C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> in your connect info, then you are always
3430 in an assumed transaction between commits, and you're telling us you'd
3431 like to manage that manually. A lot of the magic protections offered by
3432 this module will go away. We can't protect you from exceptions due to database
3433 disconnects because we don't know anything about how to restart your
3434 transactions. You're on your own for handling all sorts of exceptional
3435 cases if you choose the C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> path, just as you would
3438 =head1 FURTHER QUESTIONS?
3440 Check the list of L<additional DBIC resources|DBIx::Class/GETTING HELP/SUPPORT>.
3442 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
3444 This module is free software L<copyright|DBIx::Class/COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE>
3445 by the L<DBIx::Class (DBIC) authors|DBIx::Class/AUTHORS>. You can
3446 redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the
3447 L<DBIx::Class library|DBIx::Class/COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE>.