1 package DBIx::Class::Schema;
6 use DBIx::Class::Exception;
7 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
13 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
15 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('class_mappings' => {});
16 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('source_registrations' => {});
17 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage_type' => '::DBI');
18 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage');
19 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('exception_action');
20 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('stacktrace' => $ENV{DBIC_TRACE} || 0);
21 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('default_resultset_attributes' => {});
25 DBIx::Class::Schema - composable schemas
29 package Library::Schema;
30 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
32 # load all Result classes in Library/Schema/Result/
33 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
35 package Library::Schema::Result::CD;
36 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
38 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/InflateColumn::DateTime/); # for example
39 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
41 # Elsewhere in your code:
42 my $schema1 = Library::Schema->connect(
49 my $schema2 = Library::Schema->connect($coderef_returning_dbh);
51 # fetch objects using Library::Schema::Result::DVD
52 my $resultset = $schema1->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
53 my @dvd_objects = $schema2->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
57 Creates database classes based on a schema. This is the recommended way to
58 use L<DBIx::Class> and allows you to use more than one concurrent connection
61 NB: If you're used to L<Class::DBI> it's worth reading the L</SYNOPSIS>
62 carefully, as DBIx::Class does things a little differently. Note in
63 particular which module inherits off which.
67 =head2 load_namespaces
71 =item Arguments: %options?
75 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
77 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces(
78 result_namespace => 'Res',
79 resultset_namespace => 'RSet',
80 default_resultset_class => '+MyDB::Othernamespace::RSet',
83 With no arguments, this method uses L<Module::Find> to load all your
84 Result classes from a sub-namespace F<Result> under your Schema class'
85 namespace, i.e. with a Schema of I<MyDB::Schema> all files in
86 I<MyDB::Schema::Result> are assumed to be Result classes.
88 It also finds all ResultSet classes in the namespace F<ResultSet> and
89 loads them into the appropriate Result classes using for you. The
90 matching is done by assuming the package name of the ResultSet class
91 is the same as that of the Result class.
93 You will be warned if ResultSet classes are discovered for which there
94 are no matching Result classes like this:
96 load_namespaces found ResultSet class $classname with no corresponding Result class
98 If a Result class is found to already have a ResultSet class set using
99 L</resultset_class> to some other class, you will be warned like this:
101 We found ResultSet class '$rs_class' for '$result', but it seems
102 that you had already set '$result' to use '$rs_set' instead
104 Both of the sub-namespaces are configurable if you don't like the defaults,
105 via the options C<result_namespace> and C<resultset_namespace>.
107 If (and only if) you specify the option C<default_resultset_class>, any found
108 Result classes for which we do not find a corresponding
109 ResultSet class will have their C<resultset_class> set to
110 C<default_resultset_class>.
112 All of the namespace and classname options to this method are relative to
113 the schema classname by default. To specify a fully-qualified name, prefix
114 it with a literal C<+>.
118 # load My::Schema::Result::CD, My::Schema::Result::Artist,
119 # My::Schema::ResultSet::CD, etc...
120 My::Schema->load_namespaces;
122 # Override everything to use ugly names.
123 # In this example, if there is a My::Schema::Res::Foo, but no matching
124 # My::Schema::RSets::Foo, then Foo will have its
125 # resultset_class set to My::Schema::RSetBase
126 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
127 result_namespace => 'Res',
128 resultset_namespace => 'RSets',
129 default_resultset_class => 'RSetBase',
132 # Put things in other namespaces
133 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
134 result_namespace => '+Some::Place::Results',
135 resultset_namespace => '+Another::Place::RSets',
138 If you'd like to use multiple namespaces of each type, simply use an arrayref
139 of namespaces for that option. In the case that the same result
140 (or resultset) class exists in multiple namespaces, the latter entries in
141 your list of namespaces will override earlier ones.
143 My::Schema->load_namespaces(
144 # My::Schema::Results_C::Foo takes precedence over My::Schema::Results_B::Foo :
145 result_namespace => [ 'Results_A', 'Results_B', 'Results_C' ],
146 resultset_namespace => [ '+Some::Place::RSets', 'RSets' ],
151 # Pre-pends our classname to the given relative classname or
152 # class namespace, unless there is a '+' prefix, which will
154 sub _expand_relative_name {
155 my ($class, $name) = @_;
157 $name = $class . '::' . $name if ! ($name =~ s/^\+//);
161 # Finds all modules in the supplied namespace, or if omitted in the
162 # namespace of $class. Untaints all findings as they can be assumed
166 my $ns = shift || ref $proto || $proto;
168 my @mods = Module::Find::findallmod($ns);
170 # try to untaint module names. mods where this fails
171 # are left alone so we don't have to change the old behavior
172 no locale; # localized \w doesn't untaint expression
173 return map { $_ =~ m/^( (?:\w+::)* \w+ )$/x ? $1 : $_ } @mods;
176 # returns a hash of $shortname => $fullname for every package
177 # found in the given namespaces ($shortname is with the $fullname's
178 # namespace stripped off)
179 sub _map_namespaces {
180 my ($class, @namespaces) = @_;
183 foreach my $namespace (@namespaces) {
186 map { (substr($_, length "${namespace}::"), $_) }
187 $class->_findallmod($namespace)
194 # returns the result_source_instance for the passed class/object,
195 # or dies with an informative message (used by load_namespaces)
196 sub _ns_get_rsrc_instance {
198 my $rs = ref ($_[0]) || $_[0];
200 if ($rs->can ('result_source_instance') ) {
201 my $x = $rs->result_source_instance;
206 $class->throw_exception (
207 "Attempt to load_namespaces() class $rs failed - are you sure this is a real Result Class?"
212 sub load_namespaces {
213 my ($class, %args) = @_;
215 my $result_namespace = delete $args{result_namespace} || 'Result';
216 my $resultset_namespace = delete $args{resultset_namespace} || 'ResultSet';
217 my $default_resultset_class = delete $args{default_resultset_class};
219 $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: unknown option(s): '
220 . join(q{,}, map { qq{'$_'} } keys %args))
221 if scalar keys %args;
223 $default_resultset_class
224 = $class->_expand_relative_name($default_resultset_class);
226 for my $arg ($result_namespace, $resultset_namespace) {
227 $arg = [ $arg ] if !ref($arg) && $arg;
229 $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: namespace arguments must be '
230 . 'a simple string or an arrayref')
231 if ref($arg) ne 'ARRAY';
233 $_ = $class->_expand_relative_name($_) for (@$arg);
236 my %results = $class->_map_namespaces(@$result_namespace);
237 my %resultsets = $class->_map_namespaces(@$resultset_namespace);
241 no warnings 'redefine';
242 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
243 use warnings 'redefine';
245 # ensure classes are loaded and attached in inheritance order
246 $class->ensure_class_loaded($_) foreach(values %results);
248 my @subclass_last = sort {
251 scalar @{mro::get_linear_isa( $results{$a} )}
257 scalar @{mro::get_linear_isa( $results{$b} )}
262 foreach my $result (@subclass_last) {
263 my $result_class = $results{$result};
265 my $rs_class = delete $resultsets{$result};
266 my $rs_set = $class->_ns_get_rsrc_instance ($result_class)->resultset_class;
268 if($rs_set && $rs_set ne 'DBIx::Class::ResultSet') {
269 if($rs_class && $rs_class ne $rs_set) {
270 carp "We found ResultSet class '$rs_class' for '$result', but it seems "
271 . "that you had already set '$result' to use '$rs_set' instead";
274 elsif($rs_class ||= $default_resultset_class) {
275 $class->ensure_class_loaded($rs_class);
276 if(!$rs_class->isa("DBIx::Class::ResultSet")) {
277 carp "load_namespaces found ResultSet class $rs_class that does not subclass DBIx::Class::ResultSet";
280 $class->_ns_get_rsrc_instance ($result_class)->resultset_class($rs_class);
283 my $source_name = $class->_ns_get_rsrc_instance ($result_class)->source_name || $result;
285 push(@to_register, [ $source_name, $result_class ]);
289 foreach (sort keys %resultsets) {
290 carp "load_namespaces found ResultSet class $_ with no "
291 . 'corresponding Result class';
294 Class::C3->reinitialize;
295 $class->register_class(@$_) for (@to_register);
304 =item Arguments: @classes?, { $namespace => [ @classes ] }+
308 L</load_classes> is an alternative method to L</load_namespaces>, both of
309 which serve similar purposes, each with different advantages and disadvantages.
310 In the general case you should use L</load_namespaces>, unless you need to
311 be able to specify that only specific classes are loaded at runtime.
313 With no arguments, this method uses L<Module::Find> to find all classes under
314 the schema's namespace. Otherwise, this method loads the classes you specify
315 (using L<use>), and registers them (using L</"register_class">).
317 It is possible to comment out classes with a leading C<#>, but note that perl
318 will think it's a mistake (trying to use a comment in a qw list), so you'll
319 need to add C<no warnings 'qw';> before your load_classes call.
321 If any classes found do not appear to be Result class files, you will
322 get the following warning:
324 Failed to load $comp_class. Can't find source_name method. Is
325 $comp_class really a full DBIC result class? Fix it, move it elsewhere,
326 or make your load_classes call more specific.
330 My::Schema->load_classes(); # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist,
331 # etc. (anything under the My::Schema namespace)
333 # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist, Other::Namespace::Producer but
334 # not Other::Namespace::LinerNotes nor My::Schema::Track
335 My::Schema->load_classes(qw/ CD Artist #Track /, {
336 Other::Namespace => [qw/ Producer #LinerNotes /],
342 my ($class, @params) = @_;
347 foreach my $param (@params) {
348 if (ref $param eq 'ARRAY') {
349 # filter out commented entries
350 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @$param;
352 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, @modules);
354 elsif (ref $param eq 'HASH') {
355 # more than one namespace possible
356 for my $comp ( keys %$param ) {
357 # filter out commented entries
358 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @{$param->{$comp}};
360 push (@{$comps_for{$comp}}, @modules);
364 # filter out commented entries
365 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, $param) if $param !~ /^#/;
369 my @comp = map { substr $_, length "${class}::" }
371 $comps_for{$class} = \@comp;
376 no warnings qw/redefine/;
377 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
378 foreach my $prefix (keys %comps_for) {
379 foreach my $comp (@{$comps_for{$prefix}||[]}) {
380 my $comp_class = "${prefix}::${comp}";
381 $class->ensure_class_loaded($comp_class);
383 my $snsub = $comp_class->can('source_name');
385 carp "Failed to load $comp_class. Can't find source_name method. Is $comp_class really a full DBIC result class? Fix it, move it elsewhere, or make your load_classes call more specific.";
388 $comp = $snsub->($comp_class) || $comp;
390 push(@to_register, [ $comp, $comp_class ]);
394 Class::C3->reinitialize;
396 foreach my $to (@to_register) {
397 $class->register_class(@$to);
398 # if $class->can('result_source_instance');
406 =item Arguments: $storage_type|{$storage_type, \%args}
408 =item Return value: $storage_type|{$storage_type, \%args}
410 =item Default value: DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI
414 Set the storage class that will be instantiated when L</connect> is called.
415 If the classname starts with C<::>, the prefix C<DBIx::Class::Storage> is
416 assumed by L</connect>.
418 You want to use this to set subclasses of L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>
419 in cases where the appropriate subclass is not autodetected.
421 If your storage type requires instantiation arguments, those are
422 defined as a second argument in the form of a hashref and the entire
423 value needs to be wrapped into an arrayref or a hashref. We support
424 both types of refs here in order to play nice with your
425 Config::[class] or your choice. See
426 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Replicated> for an example of this.
428 =head2 exception_action
432 =item Arguments: $code_reference
434 =item Return value: $code_reference
436 =item Default value: None
440 If C<exception_action> is set for this class/object, L</throw_exception>
441 will prefer to call this code reference with the exception as an argument,
442 rather than L<DBIx::Class::Exception/throw>.
444 Your subroutine should probably just wrap the error in the exception
445 object/class of your choosing and rethrow. If, against all sage advice,
446 you'd like your C<exception_action> to suppress a particular exception
447 completely, simply have it return true.
452 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
453 use My::ExceptionClass;
454 __PACKAGE__->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) });
455 __PACKAGE__->load_classes;
458 my $schema_obj = My::Schema->connect( .... );
459 $schema_obj->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) });
461 # suppress all exceptions, like a moron:
462 $schema_obj->exception_action(sub { 1 });
468 =item Arguments: boolean
472 Whether L</throw_exception> should include stack trace information.
473 Defaults to false normally, but defaults to true if C<$ENV{DBIC_TRACE}>
476 =head2 sqlt_deploy_hook
480 =item Arguments: $sqlt_schema
484 An optional sub which you can declare in your own Schema class that will get
485 passed the L<SQL::Translator::Schema> object when you deploy the schema via
486 L</create_ddl_dir> or L</deploy>.
488 For an example of what you can do with this, see
489 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::Cookbook/Adding Indexes And Functions To Your SQL>.
491 Note that sqlt_deploy_hook is called by L</deployment_statements>, which in turn
492 is called before L</deploy>. Therefore the hook can be used only to manipulate
493 the L<SQL::Translator::Schema> object before it is turned into SQL fed to the
494 database. If you want to execute post-deploy statements which can not be generated
495 by L<SQL::Translator>, the currently suggested method is to overload L</deploy>
496 and use L<dbh_do|DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/dbh_do>.
504 =item Arguments: @connectinfo
506 =item Return Value: $new_schema
510 Creates and returns a new Schema object. The connection info set on it
511 is used to create a new instance of the storage backend and set it on
514 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"connect_info"> for DBI-specific
515 syntax on the C<@connectinfo> argument, or L<DBIx::Class::Storage> in
518 Note that C<connect_info> expects an arrayref of arguments, but
519 C<connect> does not. C<connect> wraps its arguments in an arrayref
520 before passing them to C<connect_info>.
524 C<connect> is a convenience method. It is equivalent to calling
525 $schema->clone->connection(@connectinfo). To write your own overloaded
526 version, overload L</connection> instead.
530 sub connect { shift->clone->connection(@_) }
536 =item Arguments: $source_name
538 =item Return Value: $resultset
542 my $rs = $schema->resultset('DVD');
544 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> object for the registered source
550 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
551 $self->throw_exception('resultset() expects a source name')
552 unless defined $moniker;
553 return $self->source($moniker)->resultset;
560 =item Return Value: @source_names
564 my @source_names = $schema->sources;
566 Lists names of all the sources registered on this Schema object.
570 sub sources { return keys %{shift->source_registrations}; }
576 =item Arguments: $source_name
578 =item Return Value: $result_source
582 my $source = $schema->source('Book');
584 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object for the registered
590 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
591 my $sreg = $self->source_registrations;
592 return $sreg->{$moniker} if exists $sreg->{$moniker};
594 # if we got here, they probably passed a full class name
595 my $mapped = $self->class_mappings->{$moniker};
596 $self->throw_exception("Can't find source for ${moniker}")
597 unless $mapped && exists $sreg->{$mapped};
598 return $sreg->{$mapped};
605 =item Arguments: $source_name
607 =item Return Value: $classname
611 my $class = $schema->class('CD');
613 Retrieves the Result class name for the given source name.
618 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
619 return $self->source($moniker)->result_class;
626 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
628 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
632 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
633 returning its result (if any). Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->txn_do.
634 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_do"> for more information.
636 This interface is preferred over using the individual methods L</txn_begin>,
637 L</txn_commit>, and L</txn_rollback> below.
639 WARNING: If you are connected with C<< AutoCommit => 0 >> the transaction is
640 considered nested, and you will still need to call L</txn_commit> to write your
641 changes when appropriate. You will also want to connect with C<< auto_savepoint =>
642 1 >> to get partial rollback to work, if the storage driver for your database
645 Connecting with C<< AutoCommit => 1 >> is recommended.
652 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
653 ('txn_do called on $schema without storage');
655 $self->storage->txn_do(@_);
658 =head2 txn_scope_guard
660 Runs C<txn_scope_guard> on the schema's storage. See
661 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/txn_scope_guard>.
665 sub txn_scope_guard {
668 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
669 ('txn_scope_guard called on $schema without storage');
671 $self->storage->txn_scope_guard(@_);
676 Begins a transaction (does nothing if AutoCommit is off). Equivalent to
677 calling $schema->storage->txn_begin. See
678 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_begin"> for more information.
685 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
686 ('txn_begin called on $schema without storage');
688 $self->storage->txn_begin;
693 Commits the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
694 $schema->storage->txn_commit. See L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_commit">
695 for more information.
702 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
703 ('txn_commit called on $schema without storage');
705 $self->storage->txn_commit;
710 Rolls back the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
711 $schema->storage->txn_rollback. See
712 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"txn_rollback"> for more information.
719 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
720 ('txn_rollback called on $schema without storage');
722 $self->storage->txn_rollback;
727 my $storage = $schema->storage;
729 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::Storage> object for this Schema. Grab this
730 if you want to turn on SQL statement debugging at runtime, or set the
731 quote character. For the default storage, the documentation can be
732 found in L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>.
738 =item Arguments: $source_name, \@data;
740 =item Return value: \@$objects | nothing
744 Pass this method a resultsource name, and an arrayref of
745 arrayrefs. The arrayrefs should contain a list of column names,
746 followed by one or many sets of matching data for the given columns.
748 In void context, C<insert_bulk> in L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> is used
749 to insert the data, as this is a fast method. However, insert_bulk currently
750 assumes that your datasets all contain the same type of values, using scalar
751 references in a column in one row, and not in another will probably not work.
753 Otherwise, each set of data is inserted into the database using
754 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet/create>, and a arrayref of the resulting row
759 $schema->populate('Artist', [
760 [ qw/artistid name/ ],
761 [ 1, 'Popular Band' ],
766 Since wantarray context is basically the same as looping over $rs->create(...)
767 you won't see any performance benefits and in this case the method is more for
768 convenience. Void context sends the column information directly to storage
769 using <DBI>s bulk insert method. So the performance will be much better for
770 storages that support this method.
772 Because of this difference in the way void context inserts rows into your
773 database you need to note how this will effect any loaded components that
774 override or augment insert. For example if you are using a component such
775 as L<DBIx::Class::UUIDColumns> to populate your primary keys you MUST use
776 wantarray context if you want the PKs automatically created.
781 my ($self, $name, $data) = @_;
782 if(my $rs = $self->resultset($name)) {
783 if(defined wantarray) {
784 return $rs->populate($data);
786 $rs->populate($data);
789 $self->throw_exception("$name is not a resultset");
797 =item Arguments: @args
799 =item Return Value: $new_schema
803 Similar to L</connect> except sets the storage object and connection
804 data in-place on the Schema class. You should probably be calling
805 L</connect> to get a proper Schema object instead.
809 Overload C<connection> to change the behaviour of C<connect>.
814 my ($self, @info) = @_;
815 return $self if !@info && $self->storage;
817 my ($storage_class, $args) = ref $self->storage_type ?
818 ($self->_normalize_storage_type($self->storage_type),{}) : ($self->storage_type, {});
820 $storage_class = 'DBIx::Class::Storage'.$storage_class
821 if $storage_class =~ m/^::/;
822 eval { $self->ensure_class_loaded ($storage_class) };
823 $self->throw_exception(
824 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${storage_class} ($@)"
826 my $storage = $storage_class->new($self=>$args);
827 $storage->connect_info(\@info);
828 $self->storage($storage);
832 sub _normalize_storage_type {
833 my ($self, $storage_type) = @_;
834 if(ref $storage_type eq 'ARRAY') {
835 return @$storage_type;
836 } elsif(ref $storage_type eq 'HASH') {
837 return %$storage_type;
839 $self->throw_exception('Unsupported REFTYPE given: '. ref $storage_type);
843 =head2 compose_namespace
847 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, $additional_base_class?
849 =item Retur Value: $new_schema
853 For each L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema, this method creates a
854 class in the target namespace (e.g. $target_namespace::CD,
855 $target_namespace::Artist) that inherits from the corresponding classes
856 attached to the current schema.
858 It also attaches a corresponding L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object to the
859 new $schema object. If C<$additional_base_class> is given, the new composed
860 classes will inherit from first the corresponding class from the current
861 schema then the base class.
863 For example, for a schema with My::Schema::CD and My::Schema::Artist classes,
865 $schema->compose_namespace('My::DB', 'Base::Class');
866 print join (', ', @My::DB::CD::ISA) . "\n";
867 print join (', ', @My::DB::Artist::ISA) ."\n";
869 will produce the output
871 My::Schema::CD, Base::Class
872 My::Schema::Artist, Base::Class
876 # this might be oversimplified
877 # sub compose_namespace {
878 # my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
880 # my $schema = $self->clone;
881 # foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
882 # my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
883 # my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
884 # $self->inject_base(
885 # $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
887 # $source->result_class($target_class);
888 # $target_class->result_source_instance($source)
889 # if $target_class->can('result_source_instance');
890 # $schema->register_source($moniker, $source);
895 sub compose_namespace {
896 my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
897 my $schema = $self->clone;
899 no warnings qw/redefine/;
900 # local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
901 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
902 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
903 my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
905 $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
907 $source->result_class($target_class);
908 $target_class->result_source_instance($source)
909 if $target_class->can('result_source_instance');
910 $schema->register_source($moniker, $source);
913 # Class::C3->reinitialize();
916 no warnings 'redefine';
917 foreach my $meth (qw/class source resultset/) {
918 *{"${target}::${meth}"} = Sub::Name::subname "${target}::${meth}" =>
919 sub { shift->schema->$meth(@_) };
925 sub setup_connection_class {
926 my ($class, $target, @info) = @_;
927 $class->inject_base($target => 'DBIx::Class::DB');
928 #$target->load_components('DB');
929 $target->connection(@info);
934 Creates a new savepoint (does nothing outside a transaction).
935 Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->svp_begin. See
936 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"svp_begin"> for more information.
941 my ($self, $name) = @_;
943 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
944 ('svp_begin called on $schema without storage');
946 $self->storage->svp_begin($name);
951 Releases a savepoint (does nothing outside a transaction).
952 Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->svp_release. See
953 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"svp_release"> for more information.
958 my ($self, $name) = @_;
960 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
961 ('svp_release called on $schema without storage');
963 $self->storage->svp_release($name);
968 Rollback to a savepoint (does nothing outside a transaction).
969 Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->svp_rollback. See
970 L<DBIx::Class::Storage/"svp_rollback"> for more information.
975 my ($self, $name) = @_;
977 $self->storage or $self->throw_exception
978 ('svp_rollback called on $schema without storage');
980 $self->storage->svp_rollback($name);
987 =item Return Value: $new_schema
991 Clones the schema and its associated result_source objects and returns the
998 my $clone = { (ref $self ? %$self : ()) };
999 bless $clone, (ref $self || $self);
1001 $clone->class_mappings({ %{$clone->class_mappings} });
1002 $clone->source_registrations({ %{$clone->source_registrations} });
1003 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
1004 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
1005 my $new = $source->new($source);
1006 # we use extra here as we want to leave the class_mappings as they are
1007 # but overwrite the source_registrations entry with the new source
1008 $clone->register_extra_source($moniker => $new);
1010 $clone->storage->set_schema($clone) if $clone->storage;
1014 =head2 throw_exception
1018 =item Arguments: $message
1022 Throws an exception. Defaults to using L<Carp::Clan> to report errors from
1023 user's perspective. See L</exception_action> for details on overriding
1024 this method's behavior. If L</stacktrace> is turned on, C<throw_exception>'s
1025 default behavior will provide a detailed stack trace.
1029 sub throw_exception {
1032 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw($_[0], $self->stacktrace)
1033 if !$self->exception_action || !$self->exception_action->(@_);
1040 =item Arguments: \%sqlt_args, $dir
1044 Attempts to deploy the schema to the current storage using L<SQL::Translator>.
1046 See L<SQL::Translator/METHODS> for a list of values for C<\%sqlt_args>.
1047 The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1 } >>
1048 to have the SQL produced include a C<DROP TABLE> statement for each table
1049 created. For quoting purposes supply C<quote_table_names> and
1050 C<quote_field_names>.
1052 Additionally, the DBIx::Class parser accepts a C<sources> parameter as a hash
1053 ref or an array ref, containing a list of source to deploy. If present, then
1054 only the sources listed will get deployed. Furthermore, you can use the
1055 C<add_fk_index> parser parameter to prevent the parser from creating an index for each
1061 my ($self, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_;
1062 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without storage") unless $self->storage;
1063 $self->storage->deploy($self, undef, $sqltargs, $dir);
1066 =head2 deployment_statements
1070 =item Arguments: See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/deployment_statements>
1072 =item Return value: $listofstatements
1076 A convenient shortcut to
1077 C<< $self->storage->deployment_statements($self, @args) >>.
1078 Returns the SQL statements used by L</deploy> and
1079 L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Storage/deploy>.
1083 sub deployment_statements {
1086 $self->throw_exception("Can't generate deployment statements without a storage")
1087 if not $self->storage;
1089 $self->storage->deployment_statements($self, @_);
1092 =head2 create_ddl_dir
1096 =item Arguments: See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/create_ddl_dir>
1100 A convenient shortcut to
1101 C<< $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @args) >>.
1103 Creates an SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
1104 database types, in the given directory.
1108 sub create_ddl_dir {
1111 $self->throw_exception("Can't create_ddl_dir without storage") unless $self->storage;
1112 $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @_);
1119 =item Arguments: $database-type, $version, $directory, $preversion
1121 =item Return value: $normalised_filename
1125 my $filename = $table->ddl_filename($type, $version, $dir, $preversion)
1127 This method is called by C<create_ddl_dir> to compose a file name out of
1128 the supplied directory, database type and version number. The default file
1129 name format is: C<$dir$schema-$version-$type.sql>.
1131 You may override this method in your schema if you wish to use a different
1136 Prior to DBIx::Class version 0.08100 this method had a different signature:
1138 my $filename = $table->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version, $preversion)
1140 In recent versions variables $dir and $version were reversed in order to
1141 bring the signature in line with other Schema/Storage methods. If you
1142 really need to maintain backward compatibility, you can do the following
1143 in any overriding methods:
1145 ($dir, $version) = ($version, $dir) if ($DBIx::Class::VERSION < 0.08100);
1150 my ($self, $type, $version, $dir, $preversion) = @_;
1152 my $filename = ref($self);
1153 $filename =~ s/::/-/g;
1154 $filename = File::Spec->catfile($dir, "$filename-$version-$type.sql");
1155 $filename =~ s/$version/$preversion-$version/ if($preversion);
1162 Provided as the recommended way of thawing schema objects. You can call
1163 C<Storable::thaw> directly if you wish, but the thawed objects will not have a
1164 reference to any schema, so are rather useless.
1169 my ($self, $obj) = @_;
1170 local $DBIx::Class::ResultSourceHandle::thaw_schema = $self;
1171 return Storable::thaw($obj);
1176 This doesn't actually do anything more than call L<Storable/freeze>, it is just
1177 provided here for symmetry.
1182 return Storable::freeze($_[1]);
1189 =item Arguments: $object
1191 =item Return Value: dcloned $object
1195 Recommended way of dcloning L<DBIx::Class::Row> and L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet>
1196 objects so their references to the schema object
1197 (which itself is B<not> cloned) are properly maintained.
1202 my ($self, $obj) = @_;
1203 local $DBIx::Class::ResultSourceHandle::thaw_schema = $self;
1204 return Storable::dclone($obj);
1207 =head2 schema_version
1209 Returns the current schema class' $VERSION in a normalised way.
1213 sub schema_version {
1215 my $class = ref($self)||$self;
1217 # does -not- use $schema->VERSION
1218 # since that varies in results depending on if version.pm is installed, and if
1219 # so the perl or XS versions. If you want this to change, bug the version.pm
1220 # author to make vpp and vxs behave the same.
1225 $version = ${"${class}::VERSION"};
1231 =head2 register_class
1235 =item Arguments: $moniker, $component_class
1239 This method is called by L</load_namespaces> and L</load_classes> to install the found classes into your Schema. You should be using those instead of this one.
1241 You will only need this method if you have your Result classes in
1242 files which are not named after the packages (or all in the same
1243 file). You may also need it to register classes at runtime.
1245 Registers a class which isa DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy. Equivalent to
1248 $schema->register_source($moniker, $component_class->result_source_instance);
1252 sub register_class {
1253 my ($self, $moniker, $to_register) = @_;
1254 $self->register_source($moniker => $to_register->result_source_instance);
1257 =head2 register_source
1261 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
1265 This method is called by L</register_class>.
1267 Registers the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema with the given
1272 sub register_source {
1275 $self->_register_source(@_);
1278 =head2 unregister_source
1282 =item Arguments: $moniker
1286 Removes the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> from the schema for the given moniker.
1290 sub unregister_source {
1293 $self->_unregister_source(@_);
1296 =head2 register_extra_source
1300 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
1304 As L</register_source> but should be used if the result class already
1305 has a source and you want to register an extra one.
1309 sub register_extra_source {
1312 $self->_register_source(@_, { extra => 1 });
1315 sub _register_source {
1316 my ($self, $moniker, $source, $params) = @_;
1318 my $orig_source = $source;
1320 $source = $source->new({ %$source, source_name => $moniker });
1323 $source->schema($self);
1324 Scalar::Util::weaken($source->{schema}) if ref($self);
1326 my $rs_class = $source->result_class;
1328 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
1329 $reg{$moniker} = $source;
1330 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
1332 return if ($params->{extra});
1333 return unless defined($rs_class) && $rs_class->can('result_source_instance');
1335 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
1337 exists $map{$rs_class}
1339 $map{$rs_class} ne $moniker
1341 $rs_class->result_source_instance ne $orig_source
1343 carp "$rs_class already has a source, use register_extra_source for additional sources";
1345 $map{$rs_class} = $moniker;
1346 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
1349 sub _unregister_source {
1350 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
1351 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
1353 my $source = delete $reg{$moniker};
1354 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
1355 if ($source->result_class) {
1356 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
1357 delete $map{$source->result_class};
1358 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
1363 =head2 compose_connection (DEPRECATED)
1367 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, @db_info
1369 =item Return Value: $new_schema
1373 DEPRECATED. You probably wanted compose_namespace.
1375 Actually, you probably just wanted to call connect.
1379 (hidden due to deprecation)
1381 Calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"compose_namespace"> to the target namespace,
1382 calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection> with @db_info on the new schema,
1383 then injects the L<DBix::Class::ResultSetProxy> component and a
1384 resultset_instance classdata entry on all the new classes, in order to support
1385 $target_namespaces::$class->search(...) method calls.
1387 This is primarily useful when you have a specific need for class method access
1388 to a connection. In normal usage it is preferred to call
1389 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect> and use the resulting schema object to operate
1390 on L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> objects with L<DBIx::Class::Schema/resultset> for
1400 sub compose_connection {
1401 my ($self, $target, @info) = @_;
1403 carp "compose_connection deprecated as of 0.08000"
1404 unless ($INC{"DBIx/Class/CDBICompat.pm"} || $warn++);
1406 my $base = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSetProxy';
1407 eval "require ${base};";
1408 $self->throw_exception
1409 ("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${base} ($@)")
1412 if ($self eq $target) {
1413 # Pathological case, largely caused by the docs on early C::M::DBIC::Plain
1414 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
1415 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
1416 my $class = $source->result_class;
1417 $self->inject_base($class, $base);
1418 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
1419 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $self);
1421 $self->connection(@info);
1425 my $schema = $self->compose_namespace($target, $base);
1428 my $name = join '::', $target, 'schema';
1429 *$name = Sub::Name::subname $name, sub { $schema };
1432 $schema->connection(@info);
1433 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
1434 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
1435 my $class = $source->result_class;
1436 #warn "$moniker $class $source ".$source->storage;
1437 $class->mk_classdata(result_source_instance => $source);
1438 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
1439 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $schema);
1449 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
1453 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.