1 package DBIx::Class::Schema;
6 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
7 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
9 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
11 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('class_mappings' => {});
12 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('source_registrations' => {});
13 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage_type' => '::DBI');
14 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage');
18 DBIx::Class::Schema - composable schemas
22 package Library::Schema;
23 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
25 # load Library::Schema::CD, Library::Schema::Book, Library::Schema::DVD
26 __PACKAGE__->load_classes(qw/CD Book DVD/);
28 package Library::Schema::CD;
29 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
30 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); # for example
31 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
33 # Elsewhere in your code:
34 my $schema1 = Library::Schema->connect(
41 my $schema2 = Library::Schema->connect($coderef_returning_dbh);
43 # fetch objects using Library::Schema::DVD
44 my $resultset = $schema1->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
45 my @dvd_objects = $schema2->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
49 Creates database classes based on a schema. This is the recommended way to
50 use L<DBIx::Class> and allows you to use more than one concurrent connection
53 NB: If you're used to L<Class::DBI> it's worth reading the L</SYNOPSIS>
54 carefully, as DBIx::Class does things a little differently. Note in
55 particular which module inherits off which.
63 =item Arguments: $moniker, $component_class
67 Registers a class which isa DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy. Equivalent to
70 $schema->register_source($moniker, $component_class->result_source_instance);
75 my ($self, $moniker, $to_register) = @_;
76 $self->register_source($moniker => $to_register->result_source_instance);
79 =head2 register_source
83 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source
87 Registers the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema with the given
93 my ($self, $moniker, $source) = @_;
94 my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
95 $reg{$moniker} = $source;
96 $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
97 $source->schema($self);
98 weaken($source->{schema}) if ref($self);
99 if ($source->result_class) {
100 my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
101 $map{$source->result_class} = $moniker;
102 $self->class_mappings(\%map);
110 =item Arguments: $moniker
112 =item Return Value: $classname
116 Retrieves the result class name for the given moniker. For example:
118 my $class = $schema->class('CD');
123 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
124 return $self->source($moniker)->result_class;
131 =item Arguments: $moniker
133 =item Return Value: $result_source
137 my $source = $schema->source('Book');
139 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object for the registered moniker.
144 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
145 my $sreg = $self->source_registrations;
146 return $sreg->{$moniker} if exists $sreg->{$moniker};
148 # if we got here, they probably passed a full class name
149 my $mapped = $self->class_mappings->{$moniker};
150 $self->throw_exception("Can't find source for ${moniker}")
151 unless $mapped && exists $sreg->{$mapped};
152 return $sreg->{$mapped};
159 =item Return Value: @source_monikers
163 Returns the source monikers of all source registrations on this schema.
166 my @source_monikers = $schema->sources;
170 sub sources { return keys %{shift->source_registrations}; }
176 =item Arguments: $moniker
178 =item Return Value: $result_set
182 my $rs = $schema->resultset('DVD');
184 Returns the L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> object for the registered moniker.
189 my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
190 return $self->source($moniker)->resultset;
197 =item Arguments: @classes?, { $namespace => [ @classes ] }+
201 With no arguments, this method uses L<Module::Find> to find all classes under
202 the schema's namespace. Otherwise, this method loads the classes you specify
203 (using L<use>), and registers them (using L</"register_class">).
205 It is possible to comment out classes with a leading C<#>, but note that perl
206 will think it's a mistake (trying to use a comment in a qw list), so you'll
207 need to add C<no warnings 'qw';> before your load_classes call.
211 My::Schema->load_classes(); # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist,
212 # etc. (anything under the My::Schema namespace)
214 # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist, Other::Namespace::Producer but
215 # not Other::Namespace::LinerNotes nor My::Schema::Track
216 My::Schema->load_classes(qw/ CD Artist #Track /, {
217 Other::Namespace => [qw/ Producer #LinerNotes /],
223 my ($class, @params) = @_;
228 foreach my $param (@params) {
229 if (ref $param eq 'ARRAY') {
230 # filter out commented entries
231 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @$param;
233 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, @modules);
235 elsif (ref $param eq 'HASH') {
236 # more than one namespace possible
237 for my $comp ( keys %$param ) {
238 # filter out commented entries
239 my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @{$param->{$comp}};
241 push (@{$comps_for{$comp}}, @modules);
245 # filter out commented entries
246 push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, $param) if $param !~ /^#/;
250 eval "require Module::Find;";
251 $class->throw_exception(
252 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load Module::Find ($@)"
254 my @comp = map { substr $_, length "${class}::" }
255 Module::Find::findallmod($class);
256 $comps_for{$class} = \@comp;
261 no warnings qw/redefine/;
262 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
263 foreach my $prefix (keys %comps_for) {
264 foreach my $comp (@{$comps_for{$prefix}||[]}) {
265 my $comp_class = "${prefix}::${comp}";
266 $class->ensure_class_loaded($comp_class);
267 $comp_class->source_name($comp) unless $comp_class->source_name;
269 push(@to_register, [ $comp_class->source_name, $comp_class ]);
273 Class::C3->reinitialize;
275 foreach my $to (@to_register) {
276 $class->register_class(@$to);
277 # if $class->can('result_source_instance');
281 =head2 compose_connection
285 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, @db_info
287 =item Return Value: $new_schema
291 Calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"compose_namespace"> to the target namespace,
292 calls L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection> with @db_info on the new schema,
293 then injects the L<DBix::Class::ResultSetProxy> component and a
294 resultset_instance classdata entry on all the new classes, in order to support
295 $target_namespaces::$class->search(...) method calls.
297 This is primarily useful when you have a specific need for class method access
298 to a connection. In normal usage it is preferred to call
299 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connect> and use the resulting schema object to operate
300 on L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> objects with L<DBIx::Class::Schema/resultset> for
305 sub compose_connection {
306 my ($self, $target, @info) = @_;
307 my $base = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSetProxy';
308 eval "require ${base};";
309 $self->throw_exception
310 ("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${base} ($@)")
313 if ($self eq $target) {
314 # Pathological case, largely caused by the docs on early C::M::DBIC::Plain
315 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
316 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
317 my $class = $source->result_class;
318 $self->inject_base($class, $base);
319 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
320 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $self);
322 $self->connection(@info);
326 my $schema = $self->compose_namespace($target, $base);
329 *{"${target}::schema"} = sub { $schema };
332 $schema->connection(@info);
333 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
334 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
335 my $class = $source->result_class;
336 #warn "$moniker $class $source ".$source->storage;
337 $class->mk_classdata(result_source_instance => $source);
338 $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
339 $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $schema);
344 =head2 compose_namespace
348 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, $additional_base_class?
350 =item Return Value: $new_schema
354 For each L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> in the schema, this method creates a
355 class in the target namespace (e.g. $target_namespace::CD,
356 $target_namespace::Artist) that inherits from the corresponding classes
357 attached to the current schema.
359 It also attaches a corresponding L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> object to the
360 new $schema object. If C<$additional_base_class> is given, the new composed
361 classes will inherit from first the corresponding classe from the current
362 schema then the base class.
364 For example, for a schema with My::Schema::CD and My::Schema::Artist classes,
366 $schema->compose_namespace('My::DB', 'Base::Class');
367 print join (', ', @My::DB::CD::ISA) . "\n";
368 print join (', ', @My::DB::Artist::ISA) ."\n";
370 will produce the output
372 My::Schema::CD, Base::Class
373 My::Schema::Artist, Base::Class
377 sub compose_namespace {
378 my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
379 my %reg = %{ $self->source_registrations };
382 my $schema = $self->clone;
384 no warnings qw/redefine/;
385 local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
386 foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
387 my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
388 my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
390 $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
392 $source->result_class($target_class);
395 Class::C3->reinitialize();
398 foreach my $meth (qw/class source resultset/) {
399 *{"${target}::${meth}"} =
400 sub { shift->schema->$meth(@_) };
406 =head2 setup_connection_class
410 =item Arguments: $target, @info
414 Sets up a database connection class to inject between the schema and the
415 subclasses that the schema creates.
419 sub setup_connection_class {
420 my ($class, $target, @info) = @_;
421 $class->inject_base($target => 'DBIx::Class::DB');
422 #$target->load_components('DB');
423 $target->connection(@info);
430 =item Arguments: @args
432 =item Return Value: $new_schema
436 Instantiates a new Storage object of type
437 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"storage_type"> and passes the arguments to
438 $storage->connect_info. Sets the connection in-place on the schema. See
439 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"connect_info"> for more information.
444 my ($self, @info) = @_;
445 return $self if !@info && $self->storage;
446 my $storage_class = $self->storage_type;
447 $storage_class = 'DBIx::Class::Storage'.$storage_class
448 if $storage_class =~ m/^::/;
449 eval "require ${storage_class};";
450 $self->throw_exception(
451 "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${storage_class} ($@)"
453 my $storage = $storage_class->new;
454 $storage->connect_info(\@info);
455 $self->storage($storage);
463 =item Arguments: @info
465 =item Return Value: $new_schema
469 This is a convenience method. It is equivalent to calling
470 $schema->clone->connection(@info). See L</connection> and L</clone> for more
475 sub connect { shift->clone->connection(@_) }
479 Begins a transaction (does nothing if AutoCommit is off). Equivalent to
480 calling $schema->storage->txn_begin. See
481 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_begin"> for more information.
485 sub txn_begin { shift->storage->txn_begin }
489 Commits the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
490 $schema->storage->txn_commit. See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_commit">
491 for more information.
495 sub txn_commit { shift->storage->txn_commit }
499 Rolls back the current transaction. Equivalent to calling
500 $schema->storage->txn_rollback. See
501 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/"txn_rollback"> for more information.
505 sub txn_rollback { shift->storage->txn_rollback }
511 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
513 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
517 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
518 returning its result (if any). If an exception is caught, a rollback is issued
519 and the exception is rethrown. If the rollback fails, (i.e. throws an
520 exception) an exception is thrown that includes a "Rollback failed" message.
524 my $author_rs = $schema->resultset('Author')->find(1);
525 my @titles = qw/Night Day It/;
528 # If any one of these fails, the entire transaction fails
529 $author_rs->create_related('books', {
531 }) foreach (@titles);
533 return $author->books;
538 $rs = $schema->txn_do($coderef);
541 if ($@) { # Transaction failed
542 die "something terrible has happened!" #
543 if ($@ =~ /Rollback failed/); # Rollback failed
545 deal_with_failed_transaction();
548 In a nested transaction (calling txn_do() from within a txn_do() coderef) only
549 the outermost transaction will issue a L<DBIx::Class::Schema/"txn_commit"> on
550 the Schema's storage, and txn_do() can be called in void, scalar and list
551 context and it will behave as expected.
556 my ($self, $coderef, @args) = @_;
558 ref $self or $self->throw_exception
559 ('Cannot execute txn_do as a class method');
560 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
561 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
563 my (@return_values, $return_value);
565 $self->txn_begin; # If this throws an exception, no rollback is needed
567 my $wantarray = wantarray; # Need to save this since the context
568 # inside the eval{} block is independent
569 # of the context that called txn_do()
572 # Need to differentiate between scalar/list context to allow for
573 # returning a list in scalar context to get the size of the list
576 @return_values = $coderef->(@args);
577 } elsif (defined $wantarray) {
579 $return_value = $coderef->(@args);
595 my $rollback_error = $@;
596 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
597 $self->throw_exception($error) # propagate nested rollback
598 if $rollback_error =~ /$exception_class/;
600 $self->throw_exception(
601 "Transaction aborted: $error. Rollback failed: ${rollback_error}"
604 $self->throw_exception($error); # txn failed but rollback succeeded
608 return $wantarray ? @return_values : $return_value;
615 =item Return Value: $new_schema
619 Clones the schema and its associated result_source objects and returns the
626 my $clone = bless({ (ref $self ? %$self : ()) }, ref $self || $self);
627 foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
628 my $source = $self->source($moniker);
629 my $new = $source->new($source);
630 $clone->register_source($moniker => $new);
639 =item Arguments: $moniker, \@data;
643 Populates the source registered with the given moniker with the supplied data.
644 @data should be a list of listrefs -- the first containing column names, the
645 second matching values.
649 $schema->populate('Artist', [
650 [ qw/artistid name/ ],
651 [ 1, 'Popular Band' ],
659 my ($self, $name, $data) = @_;
660 my $rs = $self->resultset($name);
661 my @names = @{shift(@$data)};
663 foreach my $item (@$data) {
665 @create{@names} = @$item;
666 push(@created, $rs->create(\%create));
671 =head2 throw_exception
675 =item Arguments: $message
679 Throws an exception. Defaults to using L<Carp::Clan> to report errors from
684 sub throw_exception {
689 =head2 deploy (EXPERIMENTAL)
693 =item Arguments: $sqlt_args
697 Attempts to deploy the schema to the current storage using L<SQL::Translator>.
699 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
700 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
705 my ($self, $sqltargs) = @_;
706 $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without storage") unless $self->storage;
707 $self->storage->deploy($self, undef, $sqltargs);
710 =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL)
714 =item Arguments: \@databases, $version, $directory, $sqlt_args
718 Creates an SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified
719 database types, in the given directory.
721 Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
722 across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.
730 $self->throw_exception("Can't create_ddl_dir without storage") unless $self->storage;
731 $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @_);
736 my ($self, $type, $dir, $version) = @_;
738 my $filename = ref($self);
739 $filename =~ s/^.*:://;
740 $filename = "$dir$filename-$version-$type.sql";
749 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
753 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.