3 Catalyst::Manual::Internals - Catalyst Internals
7 This document provides a brief overview of the internals of
8 Catalyst. As Catalyst is still developing rapidly, details
9 may become out of date: please treat this as a guide, and
10 look at the source for the last word.
12 The coverage is split into initialization and request lifecycle.
16 Catalyst initializes itself in two stages:
22 When the Catalyst module is imported in the main application
23 module, it stores any options.
27 When C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >> is called, it evaluates any
28 options stored (C<-Debug>), and makes the application
29 inherit from L<Catalyst> (if that hasn't already been done with an
30 explicit C<< use base 'Catalyst'; >> or C<< extends 'Catalyst'; >>.
31 Any specified plugins are then loaded, the application module is made to
32 inherit from the plugin classes. It also sets up a default log
33 object and ensures that the application module inherits from
34 C<Catalyst> and from the selected specialized Engine module.
38 Catalyst automatically loads all
39 components it finds in the C<$class::Controller>, C<$class::C>,
40 C<$class::Model>, C<$class::M>, C<$class::View> and C<$class::V>
41 namespaces (using C<Module::Pluggable>). As each is loaded, if it has a
42 L<COMPONENT|Catalyst::Component/"COMPONENT"> method then this method
43 will be called, and passed that component's configuration. It then returns
44 an instance of the component, which becomes the C<$self> when methods in
45 that component are called later.
49 Each controller has it's C<register_actions> method called. At this point,
50 the subroutine attributes are retrieved from the
51 L<MooseX::MethodAttributes::Role::Meta::Map|metaclass>, parsed, and used to
52 build instances of L<Catalyst::Action>, which are then registered with
57 =head2 Request Lifecycle
59 For each request Catalyst builds a I<context> object, which includes
60 information about the request, and then searches the action table for matching
63 The handling of a request can be divided into three stages: preparation of the
64 context, processing of the request, and finalization of the response. These
65 are the steps of a Catalyst request in detail; every step can be overloaded to
72 prepare_query_parameters
76 prepare_body (unless parse_on_demand)
77 prepare_body_parameters
84 finalize_error (if one happened)
89 These steps are normally overloaded from engine classes, and may also be
90 extended by plugins. For more on extending Catalyst, see L<Catalyst::Manual::ExtendingCatalyst>.
92 The engine class populates the Catalyst request object with
93 information from the underlying layer (L<PSGI>)
94 during the prepare phase, then push the generated response information down to
95 the underlying layer during the finalize phase.
99 Catalyst Contributors, see Catalyst.pm
103 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
104 the same terms as Perl itself.