Commit | Line | Data |
fcd84ca9 |
1 | |
2 | package Moose; |
3 | |
4 | use strict; |
5 | use warnings; |
6 | |
ecb1297a |
7 | use 5.008; |
8 | |
74397c13 |
9 | our $VERSION = '0.75_01'; |
75b95414 |
10 | $VERSION = eval $VERSION; |
d44714be |
11 | our $AUTHORITY = 'cpan:STEVAN'; |
fcd84ca9 |
12 | |
21f1e231 |
13 | use Scalar::Util 'blessed'; |
e2095e4a |
14 | use Carp 'confess'; |
fcd84ca9 |
15 | |
5bd4db9b |
16 | use Moose::Exporter; |
7f18097c |
17 | |
8aef11e3 |
18 | use Class::MOP 0.82_01; |
ef1d5f4b |
19 | |
c0e30cf5 |
20 | use Moose::Meta::Class; |
7415b2cb |
21 | use Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint; |
7c13858b |
22 | use Moose::Meta::TypeCoercion; |
78cd1d3b |
23 | use Moose::Meta::Attribute; |
ddd0ec20 |
24 | use Moose::Meta::Instance; |
c0e30cf5 |
25 | |
0779da92 |
26 | use Moose::Object; |
27 | |
d67145ed |
28 | use Moose::Meta::Role; |
0779da92 |
29 | use Moose::Meta::Role::Composite; |
30 | use Moose::Meta::Role::Application; |
31 | use Moose::Meta::Role::Application::RoleSummation; |
32 | use Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToClass; |
33 | use Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToRole; |
34 | use Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToInstance; |
d67145ed |
35 | |
7415b2cb |
36 | use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints; |
d7d8a8c7 |
37 | use Moose::Util (); |
a15dff8d |
38 | |
5f06098e |
39 | sub _caller_info { |
40 | my $level = @_ ? ($_[0] + 1) : 2; |
41 | my %info; |
42 | @info{qw(package file line)} = caller($level); |
43 | return \%info; |
44 | } |
45 | |
c245d69b |
46 | sub throw_error { |
47 | # FIXME This |
48 | shift; |
49 | goto \&confess |
50 | } |
4c0b3599 |
51 | |
5bd4db9b |
52 | sub extends { |
97a93056 |
53 | my $class = shift; |
3d544ed5 |
54 | |
e2095e4a |
55 | Moose->throw_error("Must derive at least one class") unless @_; |
9bcfbab1 |
56 | |
5bd4db9b |
57 | # this checks the metaclass to make sure |
58 | # it is correct, sometimes it can get out |
59 | # of sync when the classes are being built |
e2eef3a5 |
60 | Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($class)->superclasses(@_); |
5bd4db9b |
61 | } |
a3c7e2fe |
62 | |
5bd4db9b |
63 | sub with { |
97a93056 |
64 | my $class = shift; |
aedcb7d9 |
65 | Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(Class::MOP::Class->initialize($class), @_); |
5bd4db9b |
66 | } |
9bcfbab1 |
67 | |
5bd4db9b |
68 | sub has { |
97a93056 |
69 | my $class = shift; |
5bd4db9b |
70 | my $name = shift; |
e2095e4a |
71 | |
72 | Moose->throw_error('Usage: has \'name\' => ( key => value, ... )') |
73 | if @_ == 1; |
74 | |
5f06098e |
75 | my %options = ( definition_context => _caller_info(), @_ ); |
5bd4db9b |
76 | my $attrs = ( ref($name) eq 'ARRAY' ) ? $name : [ ($name) ]; |
aedcb7d9 |
77 | Class::MOP::Class->initialize($class)->add_attribute( $_, %options ) for @$attrs; |
5bd4db9b |
78 | } |
9bcfbab1 |
79 | |
5bd4db9b |
80 | sub before { |
97a93056 |
81 | my $class = shift; |
5bd4db9b |
82 | Moose::Util::add_method_modifier($class, 'before', \@_); |
83 | } |
84 | |
85 | sub after { |
97a93056 |
86 | my $class = shift; |
5bd4db9b |
87 | Moose::Util::add_method_modifier($class, 'after', \@_); |
88 | } |
89 | |
90 | sub around { |
97a93056 |
91 | my $class = shift; |
5bd4db9b |
92 | Moose::Util::add_method_modifier($class, 'around', \@_); |
93 | } |
94 | |
991933fb |
95 | our $SUPER_PACKAGE; |
96 | our $SUPER_BODY; |
97 | our @SUPER_ARGS; |
98 | |
5bd4db9b |
99 | sub super { |
991933fb |
100 | # This check avoids a recursion loop - see |
101 | # t/100_bugs/020_super_recursion.t |
102 | return if defined $SUPER_PACKAGE && $SUPER_PACKAGE ne caller(); |
103 | return unless $SUPER_BODY; $SUPER_BODY->(@SUPER_ARGS); |
5bd4db9b |
104 | } |
9bcfbab1 |
105 | |
5bd4db9b |
106 | sub override { |
97a93056 |
107 | my $class = shift; |
5bd4db9b |
108 | my ( $name, $method ) = @_; |
aedcb7d9 |
109 | Class::MOP::Class->initialize($class)->add_override_method_modifier( $name => $method ); |
5bd4db9b |
110 | } |
9bcfbab1 |
111 | |
5bd4db9b |
112 | sub inner { |
113 | my $pkg = caller(); |
114 | our ( %INNER_BODY, %INNER_ARGS ); |
115 | |
116 | if ( my $body = $INNER_BODY{$pkg} ) { |
117 | my @args = @{ $INNER_ARGS{$pkg} }; |
118 | local $INNER_ARGS{$pkg}; |
119 | local $INNER_BODY{$pkg}; |
120 | return $body->(@args); |
121 | } else { |
122 | return; |
ce265cc3 |
123 | } |
5bd4db9b |
124 | } |
9bcfbab1 |
125 | |
5bd4db9b |
126 | sub augment { |
97a93056 |
127 | my $class = shift; |
5bd4db9b |
128 | my ( $name, $method ) = @_; |
aedcb7d9 |
129 | Class::MOP::Class->initialize($class)->add_augment_method_modifier( $name => $method ); |
ce265cc3 |
130 | } |
9bcfbab1 |
131 | |
aedcb7d9 |
132 | Moose::Exporter->setup_import_methods( |
97a93056 |
133 | with_caller => [ |
1089b4dd |
134 | qw( extends with has before after around override augment) |
97a93056 |
135 | ], |
136 | as_is => [ |
137 | qw( super inner ), |
5bd4db9b |
138 | \&Carp::confess, |
139 | \&Scalar::Util::blessed, |
140 | ], |
141 | ); |
142 | |
cc841c0e |
143 | sub init_meta { |
085fba61 |
144 | # This used to be called as a function. This hack preserves |
145 | # backwards compatibility. |
146 | if ( $_[0] ne __PACKAGE__ ) { |
147 | return __PACKAGE__->init_meta( |
148 | for_class => $_[0], |
149 | base_class => $_[1], |
150 | metaclass => $_[2], |
151 | ); |
152 | } |
7c4676ef |
153 | |
0338a411 |
154 | shift; |
155 | my %args = @_; |
156 | |
157 | my $class = $args{for_class} |
c245d69b |
158 | or Moose->throw_error("Cannot call init_meta without specifying a for_class"); |
085fba61 |
159 | my $base_class = $args{base_class} || 'Moose::Object'; |
160 | my $metaclass = $args{metaclass} || 'Moose::Meta::Class'; |
cc841c0e |
161 | |
c245d69b |
162 | Moose->throw_error("The Metaclass $metaclass must be a subclass of Moose::Meta::Class.") |
cc841c0e |
163 | unless $metaclass->isa('Moose::Meta::Class'); |
164 | |
165 | # make a subtype for each Moose class |
166 | class_type($class) |
167 | unless find_type_constraint($class); |
168 | |
169 | my $meta; |
50d5df60 |
170 | |
171 | if ( $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class) ) { |
172 | unless ( $meta->isa("Moose::Meta::Class") ) { |
c245d69b |
173 | Moose->throw_error("$class already has a metaclass, but it does not inherit $metaclass ($meta)"); |
50d5df60 |
174 | } |
175 | } else { |
176 | # no metaclass, no 'meta' method |
177 | |
178 | # now we check whether our ancestors have metaclass, and if so borrow that |
179 | my ( undef, @isa ) = @{ $class->mro::get_linear_isa }; |
180 | |
181 | foreach my $ancestor ( @isa ) { |
182 | my $ancestor_meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($ancestor) || next; |
183 | |
184 | my $ancestor_meta_class = ($ancestor_meta->is_immutable |
185 | ? $ancestor_meta->get_mutable_metaclass_name |
186 | : ref($ancestor_meta)); |
187 | |
188 | # if we have an ancestor metaclass that inherits $metaclass, we use |
41419b9e |
189 | # that. This is like _fix_metaclass_incompatibility, but we can do it now. |
50d5df60 |
190 | |
191 | # the case of having an ancestry is not very common, but arises in |
192 | # e.g. Reaction |
193 | unless ( $metaclass->isa( $ancestor_meta_class ) ) { |
194 | if ( $ancestor_meta_class->isa($metaclass) ) { |
195 | $metaclass = $ancestor_meta_class; |
196 | } |
197 | } |
198 | } |
199 | |
200 | $meta = $metaclass->initialize($class); |
201 | } |
202 | |
cc841c0e |
203 | if ( $class->can('meta') ) { |
50d5df60 |
204 | # check 'meta' method |
205 | |
206 | # it may be inherited |
207 | |
cc841c0e |
208 | # NOTE: |
209 | # this is the case where the metaclass pragma |
210 | # was used before the 'use Moose' statement to |
211 | # override a specific class |
50d5df60 |
212 | my $method_meta = $class->meta; |
213 | |
214 | ( blessed($method_meta) && $method_meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Class') ) |
c245d69b |
215 | || Moose->throw_error("$class already has a &meta function, but it does not return a Moose::Meta::Class ($meta)"); |
50d5df60 |
216 | |
217 | $meta = $method_meta; |
cc841c0e |
218 | } |
50d5df60 |
219 | |
220 | unless ( $meta->has_method("meta") ) { # don't overwrite |
221 | # also check for inherited non moose 'meta' method? |
222 | # FIXME also skip this if the user requested by passing an option |
cc841c0e |
223 | $meta->add_method( |
224 | 'meta' => sub { |
225 | # re-initialize so it inherits properly |
50d5df60 |
226 | $metaclass->initialize( ref($_[0]) || $_[0] ); |
cc841c0e |
227 | } |
228 | ); |
229 | } |
230 | |
231 | # make sure they inherit from Moose::Object |
232 | $meta->superclasses($base_class) |
233 | unless $meta->superclasses(); |
234 | |
235 | return $meta; |
236 | } |
237 | |
085fba61 |
238 | # This may be used in some older MooseX extensions. |
239 | sub _get_caller { |
240 | goto &Moose::Exporter::_get_caller; |
241 | } |
242 | |
8ecb1fa0 |
243 | ## make 'em all immutable |
244 | |
3cae4250 |
245 | $_->make_immutable( |
0779da92 |
246 | inline_constructor => 1, |
247 | constructor_name => "_new", |
3cae4250 |
248 | # these are Class::MOP accessors, so they need inlining |
249 | inline_accessors => 1 |
250 | ) for grep { $_->is_mutable } |
251 | map { $_->meta } |
252 | qw( |
0779da92 |
253 | Moose::Meta::Attribute |
254 | Moose::Meta::Class |
255 | Moose::Meta::Instance |
256 | |
0779da92 |
257 | Moose::Meta::TypeCoercion |
258 | Moose::Meta::TypeCoercion::Union |
259 | |
260 | Moose::Meta::Method |
261 | Moose::Meta::Method::Accessor |
262 | Moose::Meta::Method::Constructor |
263 | Moose::Meta::Method::Destructor |
74862722 |
264 | Moose::Meta::Method::Overridden |
0779da92 |
265 | Moose::Meta::Method::Augmented |
266 | |
267 | Moose::Meta::Role |
268 | Moose::Meta::Role::Method |
269 | Moose::Meta::Role::Method::Required |
270 | |
271 | Moose::Meta::Role::Composite |
272 | |
273 | Moose::Meta::Role::Application |
274 | Moose::Meta::Role::Application::RoleSummation |
275 | Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToClass |
276 | Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToRole |
277 | Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToInstance |
3cae4250 |
278 | ); |
8ecb1fa0 |
279 | |
fcd84ca9 |
280 | 1; |
281 | |
282 | __END__ |
283 | |
284 | =pod |
285 | |
286 | =head1 NAME |
287 | |
8bdc7f13 |
288 | Moose - A postmodern object system for Perl 5 |
fcd84ca9 |
289 | |
290 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
e522431d |
291 | |
292 | package Point; |
1cd45431 |
293 | use Moose; # automatically turns on strict and warnings |
26fbace8 |
294 | |
43d599e5 |
295 | has 'x' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int'); |
296 | has 'y' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int'); |
26fbace8 |
297 | |
e522431d |
298 | sub clear { |
299 | my $self = shift; |
300 | $self->x(0); |
26fbace8 |
301 | $self->y(0); |
e522431d |
302 | } |
26fbace8 |
303 | |
e522431d |
304 | package Point3D; |
305 | use Moose; |
26fbace8 |
306 | |
e522431d |
307 | extends 'Point'; |
26fbace8 |
308 | |
43d599e5 |
309 | has 'z' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int'); |
26fbace8 |
310 | |
e522431d |
311 | after 'clear' => sub { |
312 | my $self = shift; |
43d599e5 |
313 | $self->z(0); |
26fbace8 |
314 | }; |
2c0cbef7 |
315 | |
fcd84ca9 |
316 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
317 | |
26fbace8 |
318 | Moose is an extension of the Perl 5 object system. |
e522431d |
319 | |
9b9da6f1 |
320 | The main goal of Moose is to make Perl 5 Object Oriented programming |
321 | easier, more consistent and less tedious. With Moose you can to think |
6f894f30 |
322 | more about what you want to do and less about the mechanics of OOP. |
fcd84ca9 |
323 | |
6f894f30 |
324 | Additionally, Moose is built on top of L<Class::MOP>, which is a |
325 | metaclass system for Perl 5. This means that Moose not only makes |
326 | building normal Perl 5 objects better, but it provides the power of |
327 | metaclass programming as well. |
8bdc7f13 |
328 | |
f5909dca |
329 | =head2 New to Moose? |
330 | |
60eccd1e |
331 | If you're new to Moose, the best place to start is the |
332 | L<Moose::Manual> docs, followed by the L<Moose::Cookbook>. The intro |
333 | will show you what Moose is, and how it makes Perl 5 OO better. |
6f894f30 |
334 | |
335 | The cookbook recipes on Moose basics will get you up to speed with |
336 | many of Moose's features quickly. Once you have an idea of what Moose |
337 | can do, you can use the API documentation to get more detail on |
338 | features which interest you. |
f5909dca |
339 | |
28669f89 |
340 | =head2 Moose Extensions |
341 | |
12aed9a0 |
342 | The C<MooseX::> namespace is the official place to find Moose extensions. |
343 | These extensions can be found on the CPAN. The easiest way to find them |
344 | is to search for them (L<http://search.cpan.org/search?query=MooseX::>), |
345 | or to examine L<Task::Moose> which aims to keep an up-to-date, easily |
346 | installable list of Moose extensions. |
28669f89 |
347 | |
6ba6d68c |
348 | =head1 BUILDING CLASSES WITH MOOSE |
349 | |
68efb014 |
350 | Moose makes every attempt to provide as much convenience as possible during |
351 | class construction/definition, but still stay out of your way if you want it |
352 | to. Here are a few items to note when building classes with Moose. |
6ba6d68c |
353 | |
26fbace8 |
354 | Unless specified with C<extends>, any class which uses Moose will |
6ba6d68c |
355 | inherit from L<Moose::Object>. |
356 | |
1cd45431 |
357 | Moose will also manage all attributes (including inherited ones) that are |
358 | defined with C<has>. And (assuming you call C<new>, which is inherited from |
359 | L<Moose::Object>) this includes properly initializing all instance slots, |
360 | setting defaults where appropriate, and performing any type constraint checking |
361 | or coercion. |
6ba6d68c |
362 | |
004222dc |
363 | =head1 PROVIDED METHODS |
6ba6d68c |
364 | |
004222dc |
365 | Moose provides a number of methods to all your classes, mostly through the |
366 | inheritance of L<Moose::Object>. There is however, one exception. |
6ba6d68c |
367 | |
368 | =over 4 |
369 | |
370 | =item B<meta> |
371 | |
372 | This is a method which provides access to the current class's metaclass. |
373 | |
004222dc |
374 | =back |
375 | |
376 | =head1 EXPORTED FUNCTIONS |
377 | |
378 | Moose will export a number of functions into the class's namespace which |
379 | may then be used to set up the class. These functions all work directly |
380 | on the current class. |
381 | |
382 | =over 4 |
383 | |
6ba6d68c |
384 | =item B<extends (@superclasses)> |
385 | |
386 | This function will set the superclass(es) for the current class. |
387 | |
26fbace8 |
388 | This approach is recommended instead of C<use base>, because C<use base> |
389 | actually C<push>es onto the class's C<@ISA>, whereas C<extends> will |
390 | replace it. This is important to ensure that classes which do not have |
68efb014 |
391 | superclasses still properly inherit from L<Moose::Object>. |
6ba6d68c |
392 | |
43d599e5 |
393 | =item B<with (@roles)> |
e9ec68d6 |
394 | |
004222dc |
395 | This will apply a given set of C<@roles> to the local class. |
e9ec68d6 |
396 | |
b4291ab4 |
397 | =item B<has $name|@$names =E<gt> %options> |
6ba6d68c |
398 | |
b4291ab4 |
399 | This will install an attribute of a given C<$name> into the current class. If |
400 | the first parameter is an array reference, it will create an attribute for |
401 | every C<$name> in the list. The C<%options> are the same as those provided by |
402 | L<Class::MOP::Attribute>, in addition to the list below which are provided by |
403 | Moose (L<Moose::Meta::Attribute> to be more specific): |
6ba6d68c |
404 | |
405 | =over 4 |
406 | |
076c81ed |
407 | =item I<is =E<gt> 'rw'|'ro'> |
6ba6d68c |
408 | |
26fbace8 |
409 | The I<is> option accepts either I<rw> (for read/write) or I<ro> (for read |
410 | only). These will create either a read/write accessor or a read-only |
6ba6d68c |
411 | accessor respectively, using the same name as the C<$name> of the attribute. |
412 | |
1b46b845 |
413 | If you need more control over how your accessors are named, you can |
414 | use the L<reader|Class::MOP::Attribute/reader>, |
415 | L<writer|Class::MOP::Attribute/writer> and |
416 | L<accessor|Class::MOP::Attribute/accessor> options inherited from |
417 | L<Class::MOP::Attribute>, however if you use those, you won't need the |
418 | I<is> option. |
6ba6d68c |
419 | |
076c81ed |
420 | =item I<isa =E<gt> $type_name> |
6ba6d68c |
421 | |
26fbace8 |
422 | The I<isa> option uses Moose's type constraint facilities to set up runtime |
423 | type checking for this attribute. Moose will perform the checks during class |
424 | construction, and within any accessors. The C<$type_name> argument must be a |
425 | string. The string may be either a class name or a type defined using |
9cca2e9e |
426 | Moose's type definition features. (Refer to L<Moose::Util::TypeConstraints> |
c2a69ef1 |
427 | for information on how to define a new type, and how to retrieve type meta-data). |
6ba6d68c |
428 | |
daea75c9 |
429 | =item I<coerce =E<gt> (1|0)> |
430 | |
26fbace8 |
431 | This will attempt to use coercion with the supplied type constraint to change |
432 | the value passed into any accessors or constructors. You B<must> have supplied |
5cfe3805 |
433 | a type constraint in order for this to work. See L<Moose::Cookbook::Basics::Recipe5> |
1cd45431 |
434 | for an example. |
daea75c9 |
435 | |
436 | =item I<does =E<gt> $role_name> |
437 | |
26fbace8 |
438 | This will accept the name of a role which the value stored in this attribute |
daea75c9 |
439 | is expected to have consumed. |
440 | |
441 | =item I<required =E<gt> (1|0)> |
442 | |
26fbace8 |
443 | This marks the attribute as being required. This means a I<defined> value must be |
444 | supplied during class construction, and the attribute may never be set to |
445 | C<undef> with an accessor. |
daea75c9 |
446 | |
447 | =item I<weak_ref =E<gt> (1|0)> |
448 | |
68efb014 |
449 | This will tell the class to store the value of this attribute as a weakened |
450 | reference. If an attribute is a weakened reference, it B<cannot> also be |
451 | coerced. |
daea75c9 |
452 | |
453 | =item I<lazy =E<gt> (1|0)> |
454 | |
26fbace8 |
455 | This will tell the class to not create this slot until absolutely necessary. |
daea75c9 |
456 | If an attribute is marked as lazy it B<must> have a default supplied. |
457 | |
9e93dd19 |
458 | =item I<auto_deref =E<gt> (1|0)> |
459 | |
26fbace8 |
460 | This tells the accessor whether to automatically dereference the value returned. |
1cd45431 |
461 | This is only legal if your C<isa> option is either C<ArrayRef> or C<HashRef>. |
9e93dd19 |
462 | |
65e14c86 |
463 | =item I<trigger =E<gt> $code> |
464 | |
525129a5 |
465 | The I<trigger> option is a CODE reference which will be called after |
466 | the value of the attribute is set. The CODE ref will be passed the |
467 | instance itself and the updated value. You B<cannot> have a trigger on |
468 | a read-only attribute. |
010997ca |
469 | |
470 | B<NOTE:> Triggers will only fire when you B<assign> to the attribute, |
471 | either in the constructor, or using the writer. Default and built values will |
472 | B<not> cause the trigger to be fired. |
daea75c9 |
473 | |
c84f324f |
474 | =item I<handles =E<gt> ARRAY | HASH | REGEXP | ROLE | CODE> |
2c0cbef7 |
475 | |
26fbace8 |
476 | The I<handles> option provides Moose classes with automated delegation features. |
477 | This is a pretty complex and powerful option. It accepts many different option |
478 | formats, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. |
38e3283b |
479 | |
1cd45431 |
480 | B<NOTE:> The class being delegated to does not need to be a Moose based class, |
481 | which is why this feature is especially useful when wrapping non-Moose classes. |
38e3283b |
482 | |
1cd45431 |
483 | All I<handles> option formats share the following traits: |
38e3283b |
484 | |
1cd45431 |
485 | You cannot override a locally defined method with a delegated method; an |
486 | exception will be thrown if you try. That is to say, if you define C<foo> in |
487 | your class, you cannot override it with a delegated C<foo>. This is almost never |
488 | something you would want to do, and if it is, you should do it by hand and not |
489 | use Moose. |
38e3283b |
490 | |
1cd45431 |
491 | You cannot override any of the methods found in Moose::Object, or the C<BUILD> |
492 | and C<DEMOLISH> methods. These will not throw an exception, but will silently |
493 | move on to the next method in the list. My reasoning for this is that you would |
494 | almost never want to do this, since it usually breaks your class. As with |
495 | overriding locally defined methods, if you do want to do this, you should do it |
496 | manually, not with Moose. |
38e3283b |
497 | |
f3c4e20e |
498 | You do not I<need> to have a reader (or accessor) for the attribute in order |
499 | to delegate to it. Moose will create a means of accessing the value for you, |
500 | however this will be several times B<less> efficient then if you had given |
501 | the attribute a reader (or accessor) to use. |
502 | |
38e3283b |
503 | Below is the documentation for each option format: |
504 | |
505 | =over 4 |
506 | |
507 | =item C<ARRAY> |
508 | |
26fbace8 |
509 | This is the most common usage for I<handles>. You basically pass a list of |
510 | method names to be delegated, and Moose will install a delegation method |
1cd45431 |
511 | for each one. |
38e3283b |
512 | |
513 | =item C<HASH> |
514 | |
26fbace8 |
515 | This is the second most common usage for I<handles>. Instead of a list of |
516 | method names, you pass a HASH ref where each key is the method name you |
517 | want installed locally, and its value is the name of the original method |
518 | in the class being delegated to. |
fd595040 |
519 | |
26fbace8 |
520 | This can be very useful for recursive classes like trees. Here is a |
5cfe3805 |
521 | quick example (soon to be expanded into a Moose::Cookbook recipe): |
38e3283b |
522 | |
1cd45431 |
523 | package Tree; |
38e3283b |
524 | use Moose; |
26fbace8 |
525 | |
38e3283b |
526 | has 'node' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Any'); |
26fbace8 |
527 | |
38e3283b |
528 | has 'children' => ( |
529 | is => 'ro', |
530 | isa => 'ArrayRef', |
531 | default => sub { [] } |
532 | ); |
26fbace8 |
533 | |
38e3283b |
534 | has 'parent' => ( |
535 | is => 'rw', |
536 | isa => 'Tree', |
a4e516f6 |
537 | weak_ref => 1, |
38e3283b |
538 | handles => { |
539 | parent_node => 'node', |
26fbace8 |
540 | siblings => 'children', |
38e3283b |
541 | } |
542 | ); |
543 | |
1cd45431 |
544 | In this example, the Tree package gets C<parent_node> and C<siblings> methods, |
545 | which delegate to the C<node> and C<children> methods (respectively) of the Tree |
26fbace8 |
546 | instance stored in the C<parent> slot. |
38e3283b |
547 | |
548 | =item C<REGEXP> |
549 | |
26fbace8 |
550 | The regexp option works very similar to the ARRAY option, except that it builds |
551 | the list of methods for you. It starts by collecting all possible methods of the |
552 | class being delegated to, then filters that list using the regexp supplied here. |
38e3283b |
553 | |
26fbace8 |
554 | B<NOTE:> An I<isa> option is required when using the regexp option format. This |
555 | is so that we can determine (at compile time) the method list from the class. |
38e3283b |
556 | Without an I<isa> this is just not possible. |
557 | |
c84f324f |
558 | =item C<ROLE> |
559 | |
26fbace8 |
560 | With the role option, you specify the name of a role whose "interface" then |
561 | becomes the list of methods to handle. The "interface" can be defined as; the |
562 | methods of the role and any required methods of the role. It should be noted |
563 | that this does B<not> include any method modifiers or generated attribute |
c84f324f |
564 | methods (which is consistent with role composition). |
565 | |
38e3283b |
566 | =item C<CODE> |
567 | |
1cd45431 |
568 | This is the option to use when you really want to do something funky. You should |
569 | only use it if you really know what you are doing, as it involves manual |
570 | metaclass twiddling. |
38e3283b |
571 | |
1cd45431 |
572 | This takes a code reference, which should expect two arguments. The first is the |
573 | attribute meta-object this I<handles> is attached to. The second is the |
574 | metaclass of the class being delegated to. It expects you to return a hash (not |
26fbace8 |
575 | a HASH ref) of the methods you want mapped. |
38e3283b |
576 | |
577 | =back |
2c0cbef7 |
578 | |
004222dc |
579 | =item I<metaclass =E<gt> $metaclass_name> |
580 | |
581 | This tells the class to use a custom attribute metaclass for this particular |
582 | attribute. Custom attribute metaclasses are useful for extending the |
583 | capabilities of the I<has> keyword: they are the simplest way to extend the MOP, |
584 | but they are still a fairly advanced topic and too much to cover here, see |
5cfe3805 |
585 | L<Moose::Cookbook::Meta::Recipe1> for more information. |
004222dc |
586 | |
587 | The default behavior here is to just load C<$metaclass_name>; however, we also |
588 | have a way to alias to a shorter name. This will first look to see if |
589 | B<Moose::Meta::Attribute::Custom::$metaclass_name> exists. If it does, Moose |
590 | will then check to see if that has the method C<register_implementation>, which |
591 | should return the actual name of the custom attribute metaclass. If there is no |
592 | C<register_implementation> method, it will fall back to using |
593 | B<Moose::Meta::Attribute::Custom::$metaclass_name> as the metaclass name. |
594 | |
595 | =item I<traits =E<gt> [ @role_names ]> |
596 | |
597 | This tells Moose to take the list of C<@role_names> and apply them to the |
598 | attribute meta-object. This is very similar to the I<metaclass> option, but |
54f2996d |
599 | allows you to use more than one extension at a time. |
004222dc |
600 | |
54f2996d |
601 | See L<TRAIT NAME RESOLUTION> for details on how a trait name is |
602 | resolved to a class name. |
603 | |
604 | Also see L<Moose::Cookbook::Meta::Recipe3> for a metaclass trait |
605 | example. |
004222dc |
606 | |
019f031d |
607 | =item I<builder> => Str |
010997ca |
608 | |
1b46b845 |
609 | The value of this key is the name of the method that will be called to |
610 | obtain the value used to initialize the attribute. See the L<builder |
611 | option docs in Class::MOP::Attribute|Class::MOP::Attribute/builder> |
c2f89736 |
612 | and/or L<Moose::Cookbook::Basics::Recipe9> for more information. |
010997ca |
613 | |
019f031d |
614 | =item I<default> => SCALAR | CODE |
010997ca |
615 | |
616 | The value of this key is the default value which will initialize the attribute. |
617 | |
1b46b845 |
618 | NOTE: If the value is a simple scalar (string or number), then it can |
619 | be just passed as is. However, if you wish to initialize it with a |
620 | HASH or ARRAY ref, then you need to wrap that inside a CODE reference. |
621 | See the L<default option docs in |
622 | Class::MOP::Attribute|Class::MOP::Attribute/default> for more |
623 | information. |
010997ca |
624 | |
019f031d |
625 | =item I<clearer> => Str |
010997ca |
626 | |
afd72e0c |
627 | Creates a method allowing you to clear the value, see the L<clearer option |
628 | docs in Class::MOP::Attribute|Class::MOP::Attribute/clearer> for more |
1b46b845 |
629 | information. |
010997ca |
630 | |
019f031d |
631 | =item I<predicate> => Str |
010997ca |
632 | |
afd72e0c |
633 | Creates a method to perform a basic test to see if a value has been set in the |
634 | attribute, see the L<predicate option docs in |
635 | Class::MOP::Attribute|Class::MOP::Attribute/predicate> for more information. |
010997ca |
636 | |
019f031d |
637 | =item I<lazy_build> => (0|1) |
638 | |
639 | Automatically define lazy => 1 as well as builder => "_build_$attr", clearer => |
640 | "clear_$attr', predicate => 'has_$attr' unless they are already defined. |
641 | |
8c63a5c8 |
642 | =item I<initializer> => Str |
643 | |
644 | This may be a method name (referring to a method on the class with |
645 | this attribute) or a CODE ref. The initializer is used to set the |
646 | attribute value on an instance when the attribute is set during |
647 | instance initialization (but not when the value is being assigned |
648 | to). See the L<initializer option docs in |
649 | Class::MOP::Attribute|Class::MOP::Attribute/initializer> for more |
650 | information. |
019f031d |
651 | |
6ba6d68c |
652 | =back |
653 | |
cd7eeaf5 |
654 | =item B<has +$name =E<gt> %options> |
655 | |
c7874946 |
656 | This is variation on the normal attribute creator C<has> which allows you to |
8d62bf6d |
657 | clone and extend an attribute from a superclass or from a role. Here is an |
658 | example of the superclass usage: |
cd7eeaf5 |
659 | |
660 | package Foo; |
661 | use Moose; |
26fbace8 |
662 | |
cd7eeaf5 |
663 | has 'message' => ( |
26fbace8 |
664 | is => 'rw', |
cd7eeaf5 |
665 | isa => 'Str', |
666 | default => 'Hello, I am a Foo' |
667 | ); |
26fbace8 |
668 | |
cd7eeaf5 |
669 | package My::Foo; |
670 | use Moose; |
26fbace8 |
671 | |
cd7eeaf5 |
672 | extends 'Foo'; |
26fbace8 |
673 | |
cd7eeaf5 |
674 | has '+message' => (default => 'Hello I am My::Foo'); |
675 | |
1cd45431 |
676 | What is happening here is that B<My::Foo> is cloning the C<message> attribute |
677 | from its parent class B<Foo>, retaining the C<is =E<gt> 'rw'> and C<isa =E<gt> |
678 | 'Str'> characteristics, but changing the value in C<default>. |
cd7eeaf5 |
679 | |
8d62bf6d |
680 | Here is another example, but within the context of a role: |
681 | |
682 | package Foo::Role; |
683 | use Moose::Role; |
986d175a |
684 | |
8d62bf6d |
685 | has 'message' => ( |
686 | is => 'rw', |
687 | isa => 'Str', |
688 | default => 'Hello, I am a Foo' |
689 | ); |
986d175a |
690 | |
8d62bf6d |
691 | package My::Foo; |
692 | use Moose; |
986d175a |
693 | |
8d62bf6d |
694 | with 'Foo::Role'; |
986d175a |
695 | |
8d62bf6d |
696 | has '+message' => (default => 'Hello I am My::Foo'); |
697 | |
698 | In this case, we are basically taking the attribute which the role supplied |
4032c9bb |
699 | and altering it within the bounds of this feature. |
8d62bf6d |
700 | |
4032c9bb |
701 | Aside from where the attributes come from (one from superclass, the other |
702 | from a role), this feature works exactly the same. This feature is restricted |
703 | somewhat, so as to try and force at least I<some> sanity into it. You are only |
704 | allowed to change the following attributes: |
cd7eeaf5 |
705 | |
706 | =over 4 |
707 | |
26fbace8 |
708 | =item I<default> |
cd7eeaf5 |
709 | |
710 | Change the default value of an attribute. |
711 | |
26fbace8 |
712 | =item I<coerce> |
cd7eeaf5 |
713 | |
714 | Change whether the attribute attempts to coerce a value passed to it. |
715 | |
26fbace8 |
716 | =item I<required> |
cd7eeaf5 |
717 | |
718 | Change if the attribute is required to have a value. |
719 | |
720 | =item I<documentation> |
721 | |
722 | Change the documentation string associated with the attribute. |
723 | |
83cc9094 |
724 | =item I<lazy> |
725 | |
726 | Change if the attribute lazily initializes the slot. |
727 | |
cd7eeaf5 |
728 | =item I<isa> |
729 | |
aed87761 |
730 | You I<are> allowed to change the type without restriction. |
731 | |
732 | It is recommended that you use this freedom with caution. We used to |
733 | only allow for extension only if the type was a subtype of the parent's |
734 | type, but we felt that was too restrictive and is better left as a |
c7874946 |
735 | policy decision. |
cd7eeaf5 |
736 | |
83cc9094 |
737 | =item I<handles> |
738 | |
26fbace8 |
739 | You are allowed to B<add> a new C<handles> definition, but you are B<not> |
740 | allowed to I<change> one. |
83cc9094 |
741 | |
8d62bf6d |
742 | =item I<builder> |
743 | |
744 | You are allowed to B<add> a new C<builder> definition, but you are B<not> |
745 | allowed to I<change> one. |
746 | |
13284479 |
747 | =item I<metaclass> |
748 | |
749 | You are allowed to B<add> a new C<metaclass> definition, but you are |
750 | B<not> allowed to I<change> one. |
751 | |
752 | =item I<traits> |
753 | |
754 | You are allowed to B<add> additional traits to the C<traits> definition. |
6549b0d1 |
755 | These traits will be composed into the attribute, but preexisting traits |
13284479 |
756 | B<are not> overridden, or removed. |
757 | |
cd7eeaf5 |
758 | =back |
759 | |
076c81ed |
760 | =item B<before $name|@names =E<gt> sub { ... }> |
6ba6d68c |
761 | |
076c81ed |
762 | =item B<after $name|@names =E<gt> sub { ... }> |
6ba6d68c |
763 | |
076c81ed |
764 | =item B<around $name|@names =E<gt> sub { ... }> |
6ba6d68c |
765 | |
d8af92ae |
766 | This three items are syntactic sugar for the before, after, and around method |
767 | modifier features that L<Class::MOP> provides. More information on these may be |
768 | found in the L<Class::MOP::Class documentation|Class::MOP::Class/"Method |
769 | Modifiers"> for now. |
6ba6d68c |
770 | |
159da176 |
771 | =item B<super> |
772 | |
26fbace8 |
773 | The keyword C<super> is a no-op when called outside of an C<override> method. In |
774 | the context of an C<override> method, it will call the next most appropriate |
159da176 |
775 | superclass method with the same arguments as the original method. |
776 | |
777 | =item B<override ($name, &sub)> |
778 | |
26fbace8 |
779 | An C<override> method is a way of explicitly saying "I am overriding this |
780 | method from my superclass". You can call C<super> within this method, and |
781 | it will work as expected. The same thing I<can> be accomplished with a normal |
782 | method call and the C<SUPER::> pseudo-package; it is really your choice. |
159da176 |
783 | |
784 | =item B<inner> |
785 | |
26fbace8 |
786 | The keyword C<inner>, much like C<super>, is a no-op outside of the context of |
787 | an C<augment> method. You can think of C<inner> as being the inverse of |
68efb014 |
788 | C<super>; the details of how C<inner> and C<augment> work is best described in |
5cfe3805 |
789 | the L<Moose::Cookbook::Basics::Recipe6>. |
159da176 |
790 | |
791 | =item B<augment ($name, &sub)> |
792 | |
26fbace8 |
793 | An C<augment> method, is a way of explicitly saying "I am augmenting this |
794 | method from my superclass". Once again, the details of how C<inner> and |
5cfe3805 |
795 | C<augment> work is best described in the L<Moose::Cookbook::Basics::Recipe6>. |
159da176 |
796 | |
6ba6d68c |
797 | =item B<confess> |
798 | |
68efb014 |
799 | This is the C<Carp::confess> function, and exported here because I use it |
004222dc |
800 | all the time. |
6ba6d68c |
801 | |
802 | =item B<blessed> |
803 | |
1cd45431 |
804 | This is the C<Scalar::Util::blessed> function, it is exported here because I |
26fbace8 |
805 | use it all the time. It is highly recommended that this is used instead of |
6ba6d68c |
806 | C<ref> anywhere you need to test for an object's class name. |
807 | |
808 | =back |
809 | |
c1381000 |
810 | =head1 METACLASS |
54f2996d |
811 | |
c1381000 |
812 | When you use Moose, you can specify which metaclass to use: |
813 | |
814 | use Moose -metaclass => 'My::Meta::Class'; |
815 | |
816 | You can also specify traits which will be applied to your metaclass: |
54f2996d |
817 | |
818 | use Moose -traits => 'My::Trait'; |
819 | |
820 | This is very similar to the attribute traits feature. When you do |
821 | this, your class's C<meta> object will have the specified traits |
822 | applied to it. See L<TRAIT NAME RESOLUTION> for more details. |
823 | |
835cdd77 |
824 | =head2 Trait Name Resolution |
54f2996d |
825 | |
826 | By default, when given a trait name, Moose simply tries to load a |
827 | class of the same name. If such a class does not exist, it then looks |
828 | for for a class matching |
829 | B<Moose::Meta::$type::Custom::Trait::$trait_name>. The C<$type> |
830 | variable here will be one of B<Attribute> or B<Class>, depending on |
831 | what the trait is being applied to. |
832 | |
833 | If a class with this long name exists, Moose checks to see if it has |
834 | the method C<register_implementation>. This method is expected to |
835 | return the I<real> class name of the trait. If there is no |
836 | C<register_implementation> method, it will fall back to using |
837 | B<Moose::Meta::$type::Custom::Trait::$trait> as the trait name. |
838 | |
839 | If all this is confusing, take a look at |
840 | L<Moose::Cookbook::Meta::Recipe3>, which demonstrates how to create an |
841 | attribute trait. |
842 | |
1cd45431 |
843 | =head1 UNIMPORTING FUNCTIONS |
31f8ec72 |
844 | |
845 | =head2 B<unimport> |
846 | |
1cd45431 |
847 | Moose offers a way to remove the keywords it exports, through the C<unimport> |
31f8ec72 |
848 | method. You simply have to say C<no Moose> at the bottom of your code for this |
849 | to work. Here is an example: |
850 | |
851 | package Person; |
852 | use Moose; |
853 | |
854 | has 'first_name' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Str'); |
855 | has 'last_name' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Str'); |
26fbace8 |
856 | |
857 | sub full_name { |
31f8ec72 |
858 | my $self = shift; |
26fbace8 |
859 | $self->first_name . ' ' . $self->last_name |
31f8ec72 |
860 | } |
26fbace8 |
861 | |
862 | no Moose; # keywords are removed from the Person package |
31f8ec72 |
863 | |
9bcfbab1 |
864 | =head1 EXTENDING AND EMBEDDING MOOSE |
865 | |
5e86efbe |
866 | To learn more about extending Moose, we recommend checking out the |
867 | "Extending" recipes in the L<Moose::Cookbook>, starting with |
868 | L<Moose::Cookbook::Extending::Recipe1>, which provides an overview of |
869 | all the different ways you might extend Moose. |
554b7648 |
870 | |
871 | =head2 B<< Moose->init_meta(for_class => $class, base_class => $baseclass, metaclass => $metaclass) >> |
9bcfbab1 |
872 | |
554b7648 |
873 | The C<init_meta> method sets up the metaclass object for the class |
b143539e |
874 | specified by C<for_class>. This method injects a a C<meta> accessor |
875 | into the class so you can get at this object. It also sets the class's |
554b7648 |
876 | superclass to C<base_class>, with L<Moose::Object> as the default. |
9bcfbab1 |
877 | |
a8de959b |
878 | C<init_meta> returns the metaclass object for C<$class>. |
879 | |
16fb3624 |
880 | You can specify an alternate metaclass with the C<metaclass> option. |
26fbace8 |
881 | |
80837fe1 |
882 | For more detail on this topic, see L<Moose::Cookbook::Extending::Recipe2>. |
883 | |
554b7648 |
884 | This method used to be documented as a function which accepted |
885 | positional parameters. This calling style will still work for |
4a66a4b3 |
886 | backwards compatibility, but is deprecated. |
554b7648 |
887 | |
888 | =head2 B<import> |
889 | |
890 | Moose's C<import> method supports the L<Sub::Exporter> form of C<{into =E<gt> $pkg}> |
891 | and C<{into_level =E<gt> 1}>. |
892 | |
893 | B<NOTE>: Doing this is more or less deprecated. Use L<Moose::Exporter> |
894 | instead, which lets you stack multiple C<Moose.pm>-alike modules |
895 | sanely. It handles getting the exported functions into the right place |
896 | for you. |
897 | |
23d3fe84 |
898 | =head2 B<throw_error> |
4c0b3599 |
899 | |
900 | An alias for C<confess>, used by internally by Moose. |
901 | |
6ea5491a |
902 | =head1 METACLASS COMPATIBILITY AND MOOSE |
903 | |
904 | Metaclass compatibility is a thorny subject. You should start by |
905 | reading the "About Metaclass compatibility" section in the |
906 | C<Class::MOP> docs. |
907 | |
908 | Moose will attempt to resolve a few cases of metaclass incompatibility |
909 | when you set the superclasses for a class, unlike C<Class::MOP>, which |
910 | simply dies if the metaclasses are incompatible. |
911 | |
912 | In actuality, Moose fixes incompatibility for I<all> of a class's |
913 | metaclasses, not just the class metaclass. That includes the instance |
914 | metaclass, attribute metaclass, as well as its constructor class and |
915 | destructor class. However, for simplicity this discussion will just |
916 | refer to "metaclass", meaning the class metaclass, most of the time. |
917 | |
918 | Moose has two algorithms for fixing metaclass incompatibility. |
919 | |
920 | The first algorithm is very simple. If all the metaclass for the |
921 | parent is a I<subclass> of the child's metaclass, then we simply |
922 | replace the child's metaclass with the parent's. |
923 | |
924 | The second algorithm is more complicated. It tries to determine if the |
925 | metaclasses only "differ by roles". This means that the parent and |
926 | child's metaclass share a common ancestor in their respective |
927 | hierarchies, and that the subclasses under the common ancestor are |
928 | only different because of role applications. This case is actually |
929 | fairly common when you mix and match various C<MooseX::*> modules, |
930 | many of which apply roles to the metaclass. |
931 | |
932 | If the parent and child do differ by roles, Moose replaces the |
933 | metaclass in the child with a newly created metaclass. This metaclass |
934 | is a subclass of the parent's metaclass, does all of the roles that |
935 | the child's metaclass did before being replaced. Effectively, this |
936 | means the new metaclass does all of the roles done by both the |
937 | parent's and child's original metaclasses. |
938 | |
939 | Ultimately, this is all transparent to you except in the case of an |
940 | unresolvable conflict. |
941 | |
fafec530 |
942 | =head2 The MooseX:: namespace |
943 | |
944 | Generally if you're writing an extension I<for> Moose itself you'll want |
945 | to put your extension in the C<MooseX::> namespace. This namespace is |
946 | specifically for extensions that make Moose better or different in some |
947 | fundamental way. It is traditionally B<not> for a package that just happens |
948 | to use Moose. This namespace follows from the examples of the C<LWPx::> |
949 | and C<DBIx::> namespaces that perform the same function for C<LWP> and C<DBI> |
950 | respectively. |
951 | |
05d9eaf6 |
952 | =head1 CAVEATS |
953 | |
954 | =over 4 |
955 | |
956 | =item * |
957 | |
1cd45431 |
958 | It should be noted that C<super> and C<inner> B<cannot> be used in the same |
959 | method. However, they may be combined within the same class hierarchy; see |
960 | F<t/014_override_augment_inner_super.t> for an example. |
05d9eaf6 |
961 | |
26fbace8 |
962 | The reason for this is that C<super> is only valid within a method |
963 | with the C<override> modifier, and C<inner> will never be valid within an |
964 | C<override> method. In fact, C<augment> will skip over any C<override> methods |
68efb014 |
965 | when searching for its appropriate C<inner>. |
05d9eaf6 |
966 | |
1cd45431 |
967 | This might seem like a restriction, but I am of the opinion that keeping these |
968 | two features separate (yet interoperable) actually makes them easy to use, since |
969 | their behavior is then easier to predict. Time will tell whether I am right or |
c84f324f |
970 | not (UPDATE: so far so good). |
05d9eaf6 |
971 | |
9b9da6f1 |
972 | =back |
973 | |
e49c11d2 |
974 | =head1 GETTING HELP |
975 | |
976 | We offer both a mailing list and a very active IRC channel. |
977 | |
978 | The mailing list is L<moose@perl.org>. You must be subscribed to send |
979 | a message. To subscribe, send an empty message to |
980 | L<moose-subscribe@perl.org> |
981 | |
982 | You can also visit us at L<#moose on |
983 | irc.perl.org|irc://irc.perl.org/#moose>. This channel is quite active, |
984 | and questions at all levels (on Moose-related topics ;) are welcome. |
985 | |
5569c072 |
986 | =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
987 | |
988 | =over 4 |
989 | |
54c189df |
990 | =item I blame Sam Vilain for introducing me to the insanity that is meta-models. |
5569c072 |
991 | |
54c189df |
992 | =item I blame Audrey Tang for then encouraging my meta-model habit in #perl6. |
5569c072 |
993 | |
26fbace8 |
994 | =item Without Yuval "nothingmuch" Kogman this module would not be possible, |
54c189df |
995 | and it certainly wouldn't have this name ;P |
5569c072 |
996 | |
26fbace8 |
997 | =item The basis of the TypeContraints module was Rob Kinyon's idea |
5569c072 |
998 | originally, I just ran with it. |
999 | |
638585e1 |
1000 | =item Thanks to mst & chansen and the whole #moose posse for all the |
c84f324f |
1001 | early ideas/feature-requests/encouragement/bug-finding. |
d46a48f3 |
1002 | |
68efb014 |
1003 | =item Thanks to David "Theory" Wheeler for meta-discussions and spelling fixes. |
1004 | |
5569c072 |
1005 | =back |
1006 | |
e90c03d0 |
1007 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1008 | |
1009 | =over 4 |
1010 | |
c84f324f |
1011 | =item L<http://www.iinteractive.com/moose> |
1012 | |
6549b0d1 |
1013 | This is the official web home of Moose, it contains links to our public SVN repository |
26fbace8 |
1014 | as well as links to a number of talks and articles on Moose and Moose related |
1015 | technologies. |
c84f324f |
1016 | |
196064ab |
1017 | =item The Moose is flying, a tutorial by Randal Schwartz |
1018 | |
1019 | Part 1 - L<http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/LinuxMag/col94.html> |
1020 | |
1021 | Part 2 - L<http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/LinuxMag/col95.html> |
1022 | |
12aed9a0 |
1023 | =item Several Moose extension modules in the C<MooseX::> namespace. |
1024 | |
1025 | See L<http://search.cpan.org/search?query=MooseX::> for extensions. |
28669f89 |
1026 | |
e49c11d2 |
1027 | =item Moose stats on ohloh.net - L<http://www.ohloh.net/projects/moose> |
1028 | |
c84f324f |
1029 | =back |
1030 | |
004222dc |
1031 | =head2 Books |
1032 | |
1033 | =over 4 |
1034 | |
1035 | =item The Art of the MetaObject Protocol |
1036 | |
1037 | I mention this in the L<Class::MOP> docs too, this book was critical in |
1038 | the development of both modules and is highly recommended. |
1039 | |
1040 | =back |
1041 | |
26fbace8 |
1042 | =head2 Papers |
c84f324f |
1043 | |
1044 | =over 4 |
e90c03d0 |
1045 | |
159da176 |
1046 | =item L<http://www.cs.utah.edu/plt/publications/oopsla04-gff.pdf> |
1047 | |
26fbace8 |
1048 | This paper (suggested by lbr on #moose) was what lead to the implementation |
1049 | of the C<super>/C<override> and C<inner>/C<augment> features. If you really |
1cd45431 |
1050 | want to understand them, I suggest you read this. |
159da176 |
1051 | |
e90c03d0 |
1052 | =back |
1053 | |
fcd84ca9 |
1054 | =head1 BUGS |
1055 | |
26fbace8 |
1056 | All complex software has bugs lurking in it, and this module is no |
fcd84ca9 |
1057 | exception. If you find a bug please either email me, or add the bug |
1058 | to cpan-RT. |
1059 | |
47b19570 |
1060 | =head1 FEATURE REQUESTS |
1061 | |
1062 | We are very strict about what features we add to the Moose core, especially |
1063 | the user-visible features. Instead we have made sure that the underlying |
1064 | meta-system of Moose is as extensible as possible so that you can add your |
1065 | own features easily. That said, occasionally there is a feature needed in the |
1066 | meta-system to support your planned extension, in which case you should |
caa71ddb |
1067 | either email the mailing list or join us on irc at #moose to discuss. The |
1068 | L<Moose::Manual::Contributing> has more detail about how and when you can |
1069 | contribute. |
47b19570 |
1070 | |
fcd84ca9 |
1071 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1072 | |
862ae2c4 |
1073 | Moose is an open project, there are at this point dozens of people who have |
1074 | contributed, and can contribute. If you have added anything to the Moose |
1075 | project you have a commit bit on this file and can add your name to the list. |
fcd84ca9 |
1076 | |
862ae2c4 |
1077 | =head2 CABAL |
1078 | |
1079 | However there are only a few people with the rights to release a new version |
1080 | of Moose. The Moose Cabal are the people to go to with questions regarding |
a4869d1e |
1081 | the wider purview of Moose, and help out maintaining not just the code |
958dc4e3 |
1082 | but the community as well. |
862ae2c4 |
1083 | |
1084 | Stevan (stevan) Little E<lt>stevan@iinteractive.comE<gt> |
1085 | |
862ae2c4 |
1086 | Yuval (nothingmuch) Kogman |
1087 | |
1088 | Shawn (sartak) Moore |
1089 | |
7a706548 |
1090 | Dave (autarch) Rolsky E<lt>autarch@urth.orgE<gt> |
5c5e5480 |
1091 | |
862ae2c4 |
1092 | =head2 OTHER CONTRIBUTORS |
db1ab48d |
1093 | |
9af1d28b |
1094 | Aankhen |
1095 | |
1096 | Adam (Alias) Kennedy |
1097 | |
1098 | Anders (Debolaz) Nor Berle |
1099 | |
6549b0d1 |
1100 | Nathan (kolibrie) Gray |
5868294f |
1101 | |
9af1d28b |
1102 | Christian (chansen) Hansen |
1103 | |
e7f8d0c2 |
1104 | Hans Dieter (confound) Pearcey |
1105 | |
9af1d28b |
1106 | Eric (ewilhelm) Wilhelm |
1107 | |
1108 | Guillermo (groditi) Roditi |
1109 | |
1110 | Jess (castaway) Robinson |
1111 | |
1112 | Matt (mst) Trout |
1113 | |
1114 | Robert (phaylon) Sedlacek |
1115 | |
1116 | Robert (rlb3) Boone |
1117 | |
1118 | Scott (konobi) McWhirter |
1119 | |
f44ae52f |
1120 | Shlomi (rindolf) Fish |
1121 | |
cbe25729 |
1122 | Chris (perigrin) Prather |
1123 | |
68b6146c |
1124 | Wallace (wreis) Reis |
1125 | |
e46f5cc2 |
1126 | Jonathan (jrockway) Rockway |
1127 | |
3ccdc84a |
1128 | Piotr (dexter) Roszatycki |
1129 | |
26fbace8 |
1130 | Sam (mugwump) Vilain |
f1917f58 |
1131 | |
2f7e4042 |
1132 | Cory (gphat) Watson |
1133 | |
9af1d28b |
1134 | ... and many other #moose folks |
98aae381 |
1135 | |
fcd84ca9 |
1136 | =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE |
1137 | |
2840a3b2 |
1138 | Copyright 2006-2009 by Infinity Interactive, Inc. |
fcd84ca9 |
1139 | |
1140 | L<http://www.iinteractive.com> |
1141 | |
1142 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
26fbace8 |
1143 | it under the same terms as Perl itself. |
fcd84ca9 |
1144 | |
ddd0ec20 |
1145 | =cut |