Nuked mentions of SchemaIntro, all in Intro.pod now

[dbsrgits/DBIx-Class.git] / lib / DBIx / Class / Schema.pm

package DBIx::Class::Schema;

use strict;
use warnings;

use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;

use base qw/DBIx::Class/;

__PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('class_mappings' => {});
__PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('source_registrations' => {});
__PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage_type' => '::DBI');
__PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage');

=head1 NAME

DBIx::Class::Schema - composable schemas

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  package Library::Schema;
  use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
  
  # load Library::Schema::CD, Library::Schema::Book, Library::Schema::DVD
  __PACKAGE__->load_classes(qw/CD Book DVD/);

  package Library::Schema::CD;
  use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
  __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); # for example
  __PACKAGE__->table('cd');

  # Elsewhere in your code:
  my $schema1 = Library::Schema->connect(
    $dsn,
    $user,
    $password,
    { AutoCommit => 0 },
  );
  
  my $schema2 = Library::Schema->connect($coderef_returning_dbh);

  # fetch objects using Library::Schema::DVD
  my $resultset = $schema1->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );
  my @dvd_objects = $schema2->resultset('DVD')->search( ... );

=head1 DESCRIPTION

Creates database classes based on a schema. This is the recommended way to
use L<DBIx::Class> and allows you to use more than one concurrent connection
with your classes.

NB: If you're used to L<Class::DBI> it's worth reading the L</SYNOPSIS>
carefully as DBIx::Class does things a little differently. Note in
particular which module inherits off which.

=head1 METHODS

=head2 register_class

=head3 Arguments: <moniker> <component_class>

Registers a class which isa ResultSourceProxy; equivalent to calling

  $schema->register_source($moniker, $component_class->result_source_instance);

=cut

sub register_class {
  my ($self, $moniker, $to_register) = @_;
  $self->register_source($moniker => $to_register->result_source_instance);
}

=head2 register_source

=head3 Arguments: <moniker> <result source>

Registers the result source in the schema with the given moniker

=cut

sub register_source {
  my ($self, $moniker, $source) = @_;
  my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations};
  $reg{$moniker} = $source;
  $self->source_registrations(\%reg);
  $source->schema($self);
  if ($source->result_class) {
    my %map = %{$self->class_mappings};
    $map{$source->result_class} = $moniker;
    $self->class_mappings(\%map);
  }
} 

=head2 class

  my $class = $schema->class('CD');

Retrieves the result class name for a given result source

=cut

sub class {
  my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
  return $self->source($moniker)->result_class;
}

=head2 source

  my $source = $schema->source('Book');

Returns the result source object for the registered name

=cut

sub source {
  my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
  my $sreg = $self->source_registrations;
  return $sreg->{$moniker} if exists $sreg->{$moniker};

  # if we got here, they probably passed a full class name
  my $mapped = $self->class_mappings->{$moniker};
  $self->throw_exception("Can't find source for ${moniker}")
    unless $mapped && exists $sreg->{$mapped};
  return $sreg->{$mapped};
}

=head2 sources

  my @source_monikers = $schema->sources;

Returns the source monikers of all source registrations on this schema

=cut

sub sources { return keys %{shift->source_registrations}; }

=head2 resultset

  my $rs = $schema->resultset('DVD');

Returns the resultset for the registered moniker

=cut

sub resultset {
  my ($self, $moniker) = @_;
  return $self->source($moniker)->resultset;
}

=head2 load_classes

=head3 Arguments: [<classes>, (<class>, <class>), {<namespace> => [<classes>]}]

Uses L<Module::Find> to find all classes under the database class' namespace,
or uses the classes you select.  Then it loads the component (using L<use>), 
and registers them (using B<register_class>);

It is possible to comment out classes with a leading '#', but note that perl
will think it's a mistake (trying to use a comment in a qw list) so you'll
need to add "no warnings 'qw';" before your load_classes call.

=cut

sub load_classes {
  my ($class, @params) = @_;
  
  my %comps_for;
  
  if (@params) {
    foreach my $param (@params) {
      if (ref $param eq 'ARRAY') {
        # filter out commented entries
        my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @$param;
        
        push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, @modules);
      }
      elsif (ref $param eq 'HASH') {
        # more than one namespace possible
        for my $comp ( keys %$param ) {
          # filter out commented entries
          my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @{$param->{$comp}};

          push (@{$comps_for{$comp}}, @modules);
        }
      }
      else {
        # filter out commented entries
        push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, $param) if $param !~ /^#/;
      }
    }
  } else {
    eval "require Module::Find;";
    $class->throw_exception("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load".
      " Module::Find ($@)") if $@;
    my @comp = map { substr $_, length "${class}::"  } Module::Find::findallmod($class);
    $comps_for{$class} = \@comp;
  }

  my @to_register;
  {
    no warnings qw/redefine/;
    local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
    foreach my $prefix (keys %comps_for) {
      foreach my $comp (@{$comps_for{$prefix}||[]}) {
        my $comp_class = "${prefix}::${comp}";
        eval "use $comp_class"; # If it fails, assume the user fixed it
        if ($@) {
	  $comp_class =~ s/::/\//g;
          die $@ unless $@ =~ /Can't locate.+$comp_class\.pm\sin\s\@INC/;
	  warn $@ if $@;
        }
        push(@to_register, [ $comp, $comp_class ]);
      }
    }
  }
  Class::C3->reinitialize;

  foreach my $to (@to_register) {
    $class->register_class(@$to);
    #  if $class->can('result_source_instance');
  }
}

=head2 compose_connection

=head3 Arguments: $target_ns, @db_info

=head3 Return value: $new_schema

Calls compose_namespace to the $target_ns, calls ->connection(@db_info) on
the new schema, then injects the ResultSetProxy component and a
resultset_instance classdata entry on all the new classes in order to support
$target_ns::Class->search(...) method calls. Primarily useful when you have
a specific need for classmethod access to a connection - in normal usage
->connect is preferred.

=cut

sub compose_connection {
  my ($self, $target, @info) = @_;
  my $base = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSetProxy';
  eval "require ${base};";
  $self->throw_exception("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load".
      " ${base} ($@)") if $@;

  if ($self eq $target) {
    # Pathological case, largely caused by the docs on early C::M::DBIC::Plain
    foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
      my $source = $self->source($moniker);
      my $class = $source->result_class;
      $self->inject_base($class, $base);
      $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
      $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $self);
    }
    $self->connection(@info);
    return $self;
  }

  my $schema = $self->compose_namespace($target, $base);
  {
    no strict 'refs';
    *{"${target}::schema"} = sub { $schema };
  }

  $schema->connection(@info);
  foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
    my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
    my $class = $source->result_class;
    #warn "$moniker $class $source ".$source->storage;
    $class->mk_classdata(result_source_instance => $source);
    $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset);
    $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $schema);
  }
  return $schema;
}

=head2 compose_namespace

=head3 Arguments: $target_ns, $additional_base_class?

=head3 Return value: $new_schema

For each result source in the schema, creates a class in the target
namespace (e.g. $target_ns::CD, $target_ns::Artist) inheriting from the
corresponding classes attached to the current schema and a result source
to match attached to the new $schema object. If an additional base class is
given, injects this immediately behind the corresponding classes from the
current schema in the created classes' @ISA.

=cut

sub compose_namespace {
  my ($self, $target, $base) = @_;
  my %reg = %{ $self->source_registrations };
  my %target;
  my %map;
  my $schema = $self->clone;
  {
    no warnings qw/redefine/;
    local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
    foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) {
      my $source = $schema->source($moniker);
      my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}";
      $self->inject_base(
        $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ())
      );
      $source->result_class($target_class);
    }
  }
  Class::C3->reinitialize();
  {
    no strict 'refs';
    foreach my $meth (qw/class source resultset/) {
      *{"${target}::${meth}"} =
        sub { shift->schema->$meth(@_) };
    }
  }
  return $schema;
}

=head2 setup_connection_class

=head3 Arguments: <$target> <@info>

Sets up a database connection class to inject between the schema
and the subclasses the schema creates.

=cut

sub setup_connection_class {
  my ($class, $target, @info) = @_;
  $class->inject_base($target => 'DBIx::Class::DB');
  #$target->load_components('DB');
  $target->connection(@info);
}

=head2 connection

=head3 Arguments: (@args)

Instantiates a new Storage object of type storage_type and passes the
arguments to $storage->connect_info. Sets the connection in-place on
the schema.

=cut

sub connection {
  my ($self, @info) = @_;
  return $self if !@info && $self->storage;
  my $storage_class = $self->storage_type;
  $storage_class = 'DBIx::Class::Storage'.$storage_class
    if $storage_class =~ m/^::/;
  eval "require ${storage_class};";
  $self->throw_exception("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load".
      " ${storage_class} ($@)") if $@;
  my $storage = $storage_class->new;
  $storage->connect_info(\@info);
  $self->storage($storage);
  return $self;
}

=head2 connect

=head3 Arguments: (@info)

Conveneience method, equivalent to $schema->clone->connection(@info)

=cut

sub connect { shift->clone->connection(@_) }

=head2 txn_begin

Begins a transaction (does nothing if AutoCommit is off).

=cut

sub txn_begin { shift->storage->txn_begin }

=head2 txn_commit

Commits the current transaction.

=cut

sub txn_commit { shift->storage->txn_commit }

=head2 txn_rollback

Rolls back the current transaction.

=cut

sub txn_rollback { shift->storage->txn_rollback }

=head2 txn_do

=head3 Arguments: <$coderef>, [@coderef_args]

Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args>
transactionally, returning its result (if any). If an exception is
caught, a rollback is issued and the exception is rethrown. If the
rollback fails, (i.e. throws an exception) an exception is thrown that
includes a "Rollback failed" message.

For example,

  my $author_rs = $schema->resultset('Author')->find(1);

  my $coderef = sub {
    my ($author, @titles) = @_;

    # If any one of these fails, the entire transaction fails
    $author->create_related('books', {
      title => $_
    }) foreach (@titles);

    return $author->books;
  };

  my $rs;
  eval {
    $rs = $schema->txn_do($coderef, $author_rs, qw/Night Day It/);
  };

  if ($@) {
    my $error = $@;
    if ($error =~ /Rollback failed/) {
      die "something terrible has happened!";
    } else {
      deal_with_failed_transaction();
    }
  }

Nested transactions work as expected (i.e. only the outermost
transaction will issue a txn_commit on the Schema's storage), and
txn_do() can be called in void, scalar and list context and it will
behave as expected.

=cut

sub txn_do {
  my ($self, $coderef, @args) = @_;

  ref $self or $self->throw_exception
    ('Cannot execute txn_do as a class method');
  ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
    ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');

  my (@return_values, $return_value);

  $self->txn_begin; # If this throws an exception, no rollback is needed

  my $wantarray = wantarray; # Need to save this since it's reset in eval{}

  eval {
    # Need to differentiate between scalar/list context to allow for
    # returning a list in scalar context to get the size of the list

    if ($wantarray) {
      # list context
      @return_values = $coderef->(@args);
    } elsif (defined $wantarray) {
      # scalar context
      $return_value = $coderef->(@args);
    } else {
      # void context
      $coderef->(@args);
    }
    $self->txn_commit;
  };

  if ($@) {
    my $error = $@;

    eval {
      $self->txn_rollback;
    };

    if ($@) {
      my $rollback_error = $@;
      my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
      $self->throw_exception($error)  # propagate nested rollback
	if $rollback_error =~ /$exception_class/;

      $self->throw_exception("Transaction aborted: $error. Rollback failed: ".
                             $rollback_error);
    } else {
      $self->throw_exception($error); # txn failed but rollback succeeded
    }
  }

  return $wantarray ? @return_values : $return_value;
}

=head2 clone

Clones the schema and its associated result_source objects and returns the
copy.

=cut

sub clone {
  my ($self) = @_;
  my $clone = bless({ (ref $self ? %$self : ()) }, ref $self || $self);
  foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) {
    my $source = $self->source($moniker);
    my $new = $source->new($source);
    $clone->register_source($moniker => $new);
  }
  return $clone;
}

=head2 populate

=head3 Arguments: ($moniker, \@data);

Populates the source registered with the given moniker with the supplied data.
@data should be a list of listrefs, the first containing column names, the
second matching values - i.e.

  $schema->populate('Artist', [
    [ qw/artistid name/ ],
    [ 1, 'Popular Band' ],
    [ 2, 'Indie Band' ],
    ...
  ]);

=cut

sub populate {
  my ($self, $name, $data) = @_;
  my $rs = $self->resultset($name);
  my @names = @{shift(@$data)};
  my @created;
  foreach my $item (@$data) {
    my %create;
    @create{@names} = @$item;
    push(@created, $rs->create(\%create));
  }
  return @created;
}

=head2 throw_exception

Defaults to using Carp::Clan to report errors from user perspective.

=cut

sub throw_exception {
  my ($self) = shift;
  croak @_;
}

=head2 deploy (EXPERIMENTAL)

Attempts to deploy the schema to the current storage using SQL::Translator.

Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly
across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships.

=cut

sub deploy {
  my ($self, $sqltargs) = @_;
  $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without storage") unless $self->storage;
  $self->storage->deploy($self, undef, $sqltargs);
}

1;

=head1 AUTHORS

Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>

=head1 LICENSE

You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.

=cut