Commit | Line | Data |
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1 | |
2 | package Class::C3; |
3 | |
4 | use strict; |
5 | use warnings; |
6 | |
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7 | our $VERSION = '0.15_04'; |
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8 | |
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9 | our $C3_IN_CORE; |
0a4d4e25 |
10 | our $C3_XS; |
ecb0388d |
11 | |
12 | BEGIN { |
e86d671c |
13 | eval "require mro"; # XXX in the future, this should be a version check |
ecb0388d |
14 | if($@) { |
e86d671c |
15 | die $@ if $@ !~ /locate/; |
0a4d4e25 |
16 | eval "require Class::C3::XS"; |
17 | if($@) { |
18 | die $@ if $@ !~ /locate/; |
e86d671c |
19 | eval "require Algorithm::C3; require Class::C3::next"; |
20 | die $@ if $@; |
0a4d4e25 |
21 | } |
22 | else { |
23 | $C3_XS = 1; |
24 | } |
e86d671c |
25 | } |
26 | else { |
27 | $C3_IN_CORE = 1; |
28 | } |
29 | } |
30 | |
31 | # this is our global stash of both |
32 | # MRO's and method dispatch tables |
33 | # the structure basically looks like |
34 | # this: |
35 | # |
36 | # $MRO{$class} = { |
37 | # MRO => [ <class precendence list> ], |
38 | # methods => { |
39 | # orig => <original location of method>, |
40 | # code => \&<ref to original method> |
41 | # }, |
42 | # has_overload_fallback => (1 | 0) |
43 | # } |
44 | # |
45 | our %MRO; |
46 | |
47 | # use these for debugging ... |
48 | sub _dump_MRO_table { %MRO } |
49 | our $TURN_OFF_C3 = 0; |
50 | |
51 | # state tracking for initialize()/uninitialize() |
52 | our $_initialized = 0; |
53 | |
54 | sub import { |
55 | my $class = caller(); |
56 | # skip if the caller is main:: |
57 | # since that is clearly not relevant |
58 | return if $class eq 'main'; |
59 | |
60 | return if $TURN_OFF_C3; |
61 | mro::set_mro($class, 'c3') if $C3_IN_CORE; |
62 | |
63 | # make a note to calculate $class |
64 | # during INIT phase |
65 | $MRO{$class} = undef unless exists $MRO{$class}; |
66 | } |
67 | |
68 | ## initializers |
69 | |
70 | sub initialize { |
71 | %next::METHOD_CACHE = (); |
72 | # why bother if we don't have anything ... |
73 | return unless keys %MRO; |
74 | if($C3_IN_CORE) { |
75 | mro::set_mro($_, 'c3') for keys %MRO; |
ac6b0914 |
76 | } |
e86d671c |
77 | else { |
78 | if($_initialized) { |
79 | uninitialize(); |
80 | $MRO{$_} = undef foreach keys %MRO; |
81 | } |
82 | _calculate_method_dispatch_tables(); |
83 | _apply_method_dispatch_tables(); |
84 | $_initialized = 1; |
85 | } |
86 | } |
87 | |
88 | sub uninitialize { |
89 | # why bother if we don't have anything ... |
90 | %next::METHOD_CACHE = (); |
91 | return unless keys %MRO; |
92 | if($C3_IN_CORE) { |
93 | mro::set_mro($_, 'dfs') for keys %MRO; |
94 | } |
95 | else { |
96 | _remove_method_dispatch_tables(); |
97 | $_initialized = 0; |
98 | } |
99 | } |
100 | |
101 | sub reinitialize { goto &initialize } |
102 | |
103 | ## functions for applying C3 to classes |
104 | |
105 | sub _calculate_method_dispatch_tables { |
106 | return if $C3_IN_CORE; |
107 | my %merge_cache; |
108 | foreach my $class (keys %MRO) { |
109 | _calculate_method_dispatch_table($class, \%merge_cache); |
110 | } |
111 | } |
112 | |
113 | sub _calculate_method_dispatch_table { |
114 | return if $C3_IN_CORE; |
115 | my ($class, $merge_cache) = @_; |
116 | no strict 'refs'; |
117 | my @MRO = calculateMRO($class, $merge_cache); |
118 | $MRO{$class} = { MRO => \@MRO }; |
119 | my $has_overload_fallback = 0; |
120 | my %methods; |
121 | # NOTE: |
122 | # we do @MRO[1 .. $#MRO] here because it |
123 | # makes no sense to interogate the class |
124 | # which you are calculating for. |
125 | foreach my $local (@MRO[1 .. $#MRO]) { |
126 | # if overload has tagged this module to |
127 | # have use "fallback", then we want to |
128 | # grab that value |
129 | $has_overload_fallback = ${"${local}::()"} |
130 | if defined ${"${local}::()"}; |
131 | foreach my $method (grep { defined &{"${local}::$_"} } keys %{"${local}::"}) { |
132 | # skip if already overriden in local class |
133 | next unless !defined *{"${class}::$method"}{CODE}; |
134 | $methods{$method} = { |
135 | orig => "${local}::$method", |
136 | code => \&{"${local}::$method"} |
137 | } unless exists $methods{$method}; |
138 | } |
139 | } |
140 | # now stash them in our %MRO table |
141 | $MRO{$class}->{methods} = \%methods; |
142 | $MRO{$class}->{has_overload_fallback} = $has_overload_fallback; |
143 | } |
144 | |
145 | sub _apply_method_dispatch_tables { |
146 | return if $C3_IN_CORE; |
147 | foreach my $class (keys %MRO) { |
148 | _apply_method_dispatch_table($class); |
149 | } |
150 | } |
151 | |
152 | sub _apply_method_dispatch_table { |
153 | return if $C3_IN_CORE; |
154 | my $class = shift; |
155 | no strict 'refs'; |
156 | ${"${class}::()"} = $MRO{$class}->{has_overload_fallback} |
157 | if $MRO{$class}->{has_overload_fallback}; |
158 | foreach my $method (keys %{$MRO{$class}->{methods}}) { |
030b48e2 |
159 | if ( $method =~ /^\(/ ) { |
160 | my $orig = $MRO{$class}->{methods}->{$method}->{orig}; |
161 | ${"${class}::$method"} = $$orig if defined $$orig; |
162 | } |
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163 | *{"${class}::$method"} = $MRO{$class}->{methods}->{$method}->{code}; |
164 | } |
165 | } |
166 | |
167 | sub _remove_method_dispatch_tables { |
168 | return if $C3_IN_CORE; |
169 | foreach my $class (keys %MRO) { |
170 | _remove_method_dispatch_table($class); |
171 | } |
172 | } |
173 | |
174 | sub _remove_method_dispatch_table { |
175 | return if $C3_IN_CORE; |
176 | my $class = shift; |
177 | no strict 'refs'; |
178 | delete ${"${class}::"}{"()"} if $MRO{$class}->{has_overload_fallback}; |
179 | foreach my $method (keys %{$MRO{$class}->{methods}}) { |
180 | delete ${"${class}::"}{$method} |
181 | if defined *{"${class}::${method}"}{CODE} && |
182 | (*{"${class}::${method}"}{CODE} eq $MRO{$class}->{methods}->{$method}->{code}); |
183 | } |
184 | } |
185 | |
186 | sub calculateMRO { |
187 | my ($class, $merge_cache) = @_; |
188 | |
e86d671c |
189 | return Algorithm::C3::merge($class, sub { |
190 | no strict 'refs'; |
191 | @{$_[0] . '::ISA'}; |
192 | }, $merge_cache); |
322a5920 |
193 | } |
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194 | |
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195 | sub _core_calculateMRO { @{mro::get_linear_isa($_[0])} } |
196 | |
197 | if($C3_IN_CORE) { |
198 | no warnings 'redefine'; |
199 | *Class::C3::calculateMRO = \&_core_calculateMRO; |
200 | } |
201 | elsif($C3_XS) { |
202 | no warnings 'redefine'; |
203 | *Class::C3::calculateMRO = \&Class::C3::XS::calculateMRO; |
204 | } |
205 | |
95bebf8c |
206 | 1; |
207 | |
208 | __END__ |
209 | |
210 | =pod |
211 | |
212 | =head1 NAME |
213 | |
214 | Class::C3 - A pragma to use the C3 method resolution order algortihm |
215 | |
216 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
217 | |
218 | package A; |
219 | use Class::C3; |
220 | sub hello { 'A::hello' } |
221 | |
222 | package B; |
223 | use base 'A'; |
224 | use Class::C3; |
225 | |
226 | package C; |
227 | use base 'A'; |
228 | use Class::C3; |
229 | |
230 | sub hello { 'C::hello' } |
231 | |
232 | package D; |
233 | use base ('B', 'C'); |
234 | use Class::C3; |
235 | |
236 | # Classic Diamond MI pattern |
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237 | # <A> |
238 | # / \ |
239 | # <B> <C> |
240 | # \ / |
241 | # <D> |
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242 | |
243 | package main; |
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244 | |
245 | # initializez the C3 module |
246 | # (formerly called in INIT) |
247 | Class::C3::initialize(); |
95bebf8c |
248 | |
249 | print join ', ' => Class::C3::calculateMRO('Diamond_D') # prints D, B, C, A |
250 | |
251 | print D->hello() # prints 'C::hello' instead of the standard p5 'A::hello' |
252 | |
253 | D->can('hello')->(); # can() also works correctly |
254 | UNIVERSAL::can('D', 'hello'); # as does UNIVERSAL::can() |
255 | |
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256 | =head1 SPECIAL NOTE FOR 0.15_04 |
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257 | |
258 | To try this with the experimental perl core c3 patch, |
ff5d5837 |
259 | download the most recent copy perl-current: |
663e8dcc |
260 | |
ff5d5837 |
261 | http://mirrors.develooper.com/perl/APC/perl-current-snap/ |
663e8dcc |
262 | |
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263 | Apply the latest C3 patch from: |
264 | |
265 | http://www.dtmf.com/c3-subgen.patch |
266 | |
267 | Then: |
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268 | |
269 | sh Configure -Dusedevel -Dprefix=/where/I/want/it -d -e && make && make test && make install |
270 | |
ff5d5837 |
271 | then try your C3-using software against this perl + Class::C3 0.15_04. |
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272 | |
95bebf8c |
273 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
274 | |
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275 | This is pragma to change Perl 5's standard method resolution order from depth-first left-to-right |
276 | (a.k.a - pre-order) to the more sophisticated C3 method resolution order. |
95bebf8c |
277 | |
278 | =head2 What is C3? |
279 | |
280 | C3 is the name of an algorithm which aims to provide a sane method resolution order under multiple |
281 | inheritence. It was first introduced in the langauge Dylan (see links in the L<SEE ALSO> section), |
282 | and then later adopted as the prefered MRO (Method Resolution Order) for the new-style classes in |
283 | Python 2.3. Most recently it has been adopted as the 'canonical' MRO for Perl 6 classes, and the |
284 | default MRO for Parrot objects as well. |
285 | |
286 | =head2 How does C3 work. |
287 | |
288 | C3 works by always preserving local precendence ordering. This essentially means that no class will |
289 | appear before any of it's subclasses. Take the classic diamond inheritence pattern for instance: |
290 | |
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291 | <A> |
292 | / \ |
293 | <B> <C> |
294 | \ / |
295 | <D> |
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296 | |
297 | The standard Perl 5 MRO would be (D, B, A, C). The result being that B<A> appears before B<C>, even |
298 | though B<C> is the subclass of B<A>. The C3 MRO algorithm however, produces the following MRO |
299 | (D, B, C, A), which does not have this same issue. |
300 | |
301 | This example is fairly trival, for more complex examples and a deeper explaination, see the links in |
302 | the L<SEE ALSO> section. |
303 | |
304 | =head2 How does this module work? |
305 | |
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306 | This module uses a technique similar to Perl 5's method caching. When C<Class::C3::initialize> is |
307 | called, this module calculates the MRO of all the classes which called C<use Class::C3>. It then |
308 | gathers information from the symbol tables of each of those classes, and builds a set of method |
309 | aliases for the correct dispatch ordering. Once all these C3-based method tables are created, it |
310 | then adds the method aliases into the local classes symbol table. |
95bebf8c |
311 | |
312 | The end result is actually classes with pre-cached method dispatch. However, this caching does not |
313 | do well if you start changing your C<@ISA> or messing with class symbol tables, so you should consider |
314 | your classes to be effectively closed. See the L<CAVEATS> section for more details. |
315 | |
d401eda1 |
316 | =head1 OPTIONAL LOWERCASE PRAGMA |
317 | |
318 | This release also includes an optional module B<c3> in the F<opt/> folder. I did not include this in |
319 | the regular install since lowercase module names are considered I<"bad"> by some people. However I |
320 | think that code looks much nicer like this: |
321 | |
322 | package MyClass; |
323 | use c3; |
324 | |
325 | The the more clunky: |
326 | |
327 | package MyClass; |
328 | use Class::C3; |
329 | |
330 | But hey, it's your choice, thats why it is optional. |
331 | |
95bebf8c |
332 | =head1 FUNCTIONS |
333 | |
334 | =over 4 |
335 | |
336 | =item B<calculateMRO ($class)> |
337 | |
338 | Given a C<$class> this will return an array of class names in the proper C3 method resolution order. |
339 | |
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340 | =item B<initialize> |
341 | |
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342 | This B<must be called> to initalize the C3 method dispatch tables, this module B<will not work> if |
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343 | you do not do this. It is advised to do this as soon as possible B<after> loading any classes which |
344 | use C3. Here is a quick code example: |
345 | |
346 | package Foo; |
347 | use Class::C3; |
348 | # ... Foo methods here |
349 | |
350 | package Bar; |
351 | use Class::C3; |
352 | use base 'Foo'; |
353 | # ... Bar methods here |
354 | |
355 | package main; |
356 | |
357 | Class::C3::initialize(); # now it is safe to use Foo and Bar |
2ffffc6d |
358 | |
359 | This function used to be called automatically for you in the INIT phase of the perl compiler, but |
360 | that lead to warnings if this module was required at runtime. After discussion with my user base |
361 | (the L<DBIx::Class> folks), we decided that calling this in INIT was more of an annoyance than a |
362 | convience. I apologize to anyone this causes problems for (although i would very suprised if I had |
363 | any other users other than the L<DBIx::Class> folks). The simplest solution of course is to define |
364 | your own INIT method which calls this function. |
d401eda1 |
365 | |
366 | NOTE: |
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367 | |
368 | If C<initialize> detects that C<initialize> has already been executed, it will L</uninitialize> and |
369 | clear the MRO cache first. |
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370 | |
371 | =item B<uninitialize> |
372 | |
373 | Calling this function results in the removal of all cached methods, and the restoration of the old Perl 5 |
374 | style dispatch order (depth-first, left-to-right). |
375 | |
376 | =item B<reinitialize> |
377 | |
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378 | This is an alias for L</initialize> above. |
d401eda1 |
379 | |
95bebf8c |
380 | =back |
381 | |
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382 | =head1 METHOD REDISPATCHING |
383 | |
384 | It is always useful to be able to re-dispatch your method call to the "next most applicable method". This |
385 | module provides a pseudo package along the lines of C<SUPER::> or C<NEXT::> which will re-dispatch the |
386 | method along the C3 linearization. This is best show with an examples. |
387 | |
388 | # a classic diamond MI pattern ... |
389 | <A> |
390 | / \ |
391 | <B> <C> |
392 | \ / |
393 | <D> |
394 | |
395 | package A; |
396 | use c3; |
397 | sub foo { 'A::foo' } |
398 | |
399 | package B; |
400 | use base 'A'; |
401 | use c3; |
402 | sub foo { 'B::foo => ' . (shift)->next::method() } |
403 | |
404 | package B; |
405 | use base 'A'; |
406 | use c3; |
407 | sub foo { 'C::foo => ' . (shift)->next::method() } |
408 | |
409 | package D; |
410 | use base ('B', 'C'); |
411 | use c3; |
412 | sub foo { 'D::foo => ' . (shift)->next::method() } |
413 | |
414 | print D->foo; # prints out "D::foo => B::foo => C::foo => A::foo" |
415 | |
416 | A few things to note. First, we do not require you to add on the method name to the C<next::method> |
417 | call (this is unlike C<NEXT::> and C<SUPER::> which do require that). This helps to enforce the rule |
418 | that you cannot dispatch to a method of a different name (this is how C<NEXT::> behaves as well). |
419 | |
420 | The next thing to keep in mind is that you will need to pass all arguments to C<next::method> it can |
421 | not automatically use the current C<@_>. |
422 | |
322a5920 |
423 | If C<next::method> cannot find a next method to re-dispatch the call to, it will throw an exception. |
424 | You can use C<next::can> to see if C<next::method> will succeed before you call it like so: |
425 | |
426 | $self->next::method(@_) if $self->next::can; |
427 | |
fa91a1c7 |
428 | Additionally, you can use C<maybe::next::method> as a shortcut to only call the next method if it exists. |
429 | The previous example could be simply written as: |
430 | |
431 | $self->maybe::next::method(@_); |
322a5920 |
432 | |
2ffffc6d |
433 | There are some caveats about using C<next::method>, see below for those. |
95bebf8c |
434 | |
2ffffc6d |
435 | =head1 CAVEATS |
95bebf8c |
436 | |
2ffffc6d |
437 | This module used to be labeled as I<experimental>, however it has now been pretty heavily tested by |
438 | the good folks over at L<DBIx::Class> and I am confident this module is perfectly usable for |
439 | whatever your needs might be. |
95bebf8c |
440 | |
2ffffc6d |
441 | But there are still caveats, so here goes ... |
95bebf8c |
442 | |
443 | =over 4 |
444 | |
445 | =item Use of C<SUPER::>. |
446 | |
447 | The idea of C<SUPER::> under multiple inheritence is ambigious, and generally not recomended anyway. |
448 | However, it's use in conjuntion with this module is very much not recommended, and in fact very |
5d5c86d9 |
449 | discouraged. The recommended approach is to instead use the supplied C<next::method> feature, see |
450 | more details on it's usage above. |
95bebf8c |
451 | |
452 | =item Changing C<@ISA>. |
453 | |
454 | It is the author's opinion that changing C<@ISA> at runtime is pure insanity anyway. However, people |
455 | do it, so I must caveat. Any changes to the C<@ISA> will not be reflected in the MRO calculated by this |
d0e2efe5 |
456 | module, and therefor probably won't even show up. If you do this, you will need to call C<reinitialize> |
457 | in order to recalulate B<all> method dispatch tables. See the C<reinitialize> documentation and an example |
458 | in F<t/20_reinitialize.t> for more information. |
95bebf8c |
459 | |
460 | =item Adding/deleting methods from class symbol tables. |
461 | |
2ffffc6d |
462 | This module calculates the MRO for each requested class by interogatting the symbol tables of said classes. |
463 | So any symbol table manipulation which takes place after our INIT phase is run will not be reflected in |
464 | the calculated MRO. Just as with changing the C<@ISA>, you will need to call C<reinitialize> for any |
465 | changes you make to take effect. |
95bebf8c |
466 | |
2ffffc6d |
467 | =item Calling C<next::method> from methods defined outside the class |
95bebf8c |
468 | |
2ffffc6d |
469 | There is an edge case when using C<next::method> from within a subroutine which was created in a different |
470 | module than the one it is called from. It sounds complicated, but it really isn't. Here is an example which |
471 | will not work correctly: |
15eeb546 |
472 | |
2ffffc6d |
473 | *Foo::foo = sub { (shift)->next::method(@_) }; |
474 | |
475 | The problem exists because the anonymous subroutine being assigned to the glob C<*Foo::foo> will show up |
476 | in the call stack as being called C<__ANON__> and not C<foo> as you might expect. Since C<next::method> |
477 | uses C<caller> to find the name of the method it was called in, it will fail in this case. |
15eeb546 |
478 | |
2ffffc6d |
479 | But fear not, there is a simple solution. The module C<Sub::Name> will reach into the perl internals and |
480 | assign a name to an anonymous subroutine for you. Simply do this: |
481 | |
482 | use Sub::Name 'subname'; |
483 | *Foo::foo = subname 'Foo::foo' => sub { (shift)->next::method(@_) }; |
15eeb546 |
484 | |
2ffffc6d |
485 | and things will Just Work. Of course this is not always possible to do, but to be honest, I just can't |
486 | manage to find a workaround for it, so until someone gives me a working patch this will be a known |
487 | limitation of this module. |
15eeb546 |
488 | |
5d5c86d9 |
489 | =back |
15eeb546 |
490 | |
0a4d4e25 |
491 | =head1 COMPATIBILITY |
492 | |
493 | If your software requires Perl 5.9.5 or higher, you do not need L<Class::C3>, you can simple C<use mro 'c3'>, and not worry about C<initialize()>, avoid some of the above caveats, and get the best possible performance. See L<mro> for more details. |
494 | |
495 | If your software is meant to work on earlier Perls, use L<Class::C3> as documented here. L<Class::C3> will detect Perl 5.9.5+ and take advantage of the core support when available. |
496 | |
497 | =head1 Class::C3::XS |
498 | |
499 | This module will load L<Class::C3::XS> if it's installed and you are running on a Perl version older than 5.9.5. Installing this is recommended when possible, as it results in significant performance improvements (but unlike the 5.9.5+ core support, it still has all of the same caveats as L<Class::C3>). |
500 | |
5d5c86d9 |
501 | =head1 CODE COVERAGE |
15eeb546 |
502 | |
ac6b0914 |
503 | I use B<Devel::Cover> to test the code coverage of my tests, below is the B<Devel::Cover> report on this |
504 | module's test suite. |
5d5c86d9 |
505 | |
506 | ---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ |
507 | File stmt bran cond sub pod time total |
508 | ---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ |
58f0eafe |
509 | Class/C3.pm 98.3 84.4 80.0 96.2 100.0 98.4 94.4 |
5d5c86d9 |
510 | ---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ |
58f0eafe |
511 | Total 98.3 84.4 80.0 96.2 100.0 98.4 94.4 |
5d5c86d9 |
512 | ---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ |
15eeb546 |
513 | |
95bebf8c |
514 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
515 | |
516 | =head2 The original Dylan paper |
517 | |
518 | =over 4 |
519 | |
520 | =item L<http://www.webcom.com/haahr/dylan/linearization-oopsla96.html> |
521 | |
522 | =back |
523 | |
524 | =head2 The prototype Perl 6 Object Model uses C3 |
525 | |
526 | =over 4 |
527 | |
528 | =item L<http://svn.openfoundry.org/pugs/perl5/Perl6-MetaModel/> |
529 | |
530 | =back |
531 | |
532 | =head2 Parrot now uses C3 |
533 | |
534 | =over 4 |
535 | |
536 | =item L<http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/perl6-internals/2746631> |
537 | |
538 | =item L<http://use.perl.org/~autrijus/journal/25768> |
539 | |
540 | =back |
541 | |
542 | =head2 Python 2.3 MRO related links |
543 | |
544 | =over 4 |
545 | |
546 | =item L<http://www.python.org/2.3/mro.html> |
547 | |
548 | =item L<http://www.python.org/2.2.2/descrintro.html#mro> |
549 | |
550 | =back |
551 | |
552 | =head2 C3 for TinyCLOS |
553 | |
554 | =over 4 |
555 | |
556 | =item L<http://www.call-with-current-continuation.org/eggs/c3.html> |
557 | |
558 | =back |
559 | |
bad9dc59 |
560 | =head1 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS |
561 | |
562 | =over 4 |
563 | |
564 | =item Thanks to Matt S. Trout for using this module in his module L<DBIx::Class> |
565 | and finding many bugs and providing fixes. |
566 | |
567 | =item Thanks to Justin Guenther for making C<next::method> more robust by handling |
568 | calls inside C<eval> and anon-subs. |
569 | |
f480cda1 |
570 | =item Thanks to Robert Norris for adding support for C<next::can> and |
571 | C<maybe::next::method>. |
572 | |
bad9dc59 |
573 | =back |
574 | |
95bebf8c |
575 | =head1 AUTHOR |
576 | |
d401eda1 |
577 | Stevan Little, E<lt>stevan@iinteractive.comE<gt> |
95bebf8c |
578 | |
6262b4cf |
579 | Brandon L. Black, E<lt>blblack@gmail.comE<gt> |
580 | |
95bebf8c |
581 | =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE |
582 | |
08c29211 |
583 | Copyright 2005, 2006 by Infinity Interactive, Inc. |
95bebf8c |
584 | |
585 | L<http://www.iinteractive.com> |
586 | |
587 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
588 | it under the same terms as Perl itself. |
589 | |
f4a893b2 |
590 | =cut |