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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
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3 | Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::08_Testing - Catalyst Tutorial - Chapter 8: Testing |
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4 | |
5 | |
6 | =head1 OVERVIEW |
7 | |
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8 | This is B<Chapter 8 of 10> for the Catalyst tutorial. |
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9 | |
10 | L<Tutorial Overview|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> |
11 | |
12 | =over 4 |
13 | |
14 | =item 1 |
15 | |
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16 | L<Introduction|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::01_Intro> |
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17 | |
18 | =item 2 |
19 | |
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20 | L<Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::02_CatalystBasics> |
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21 | |
22 | =item 3 |
23 | |
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24 | L<More Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::03_MoreCatalystBasics> |
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25 | |
26 | =item 4 |
27 | |
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28 | L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::04_BasicCRUD> |
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29 | |
30 | =item 5 |
31 | |
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32 | L<Authentication|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::05_Authentication> |
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33 | |
34 | =item 6 |
35 | |
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36 | L<Authorization|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::06_Authorization> |
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37 | |
38 | =item 7 |
39 | |
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40 | L<Debugging|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::07_Debugging> |
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41 | |
42 | =item 8 |
43 | |
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44 | B<08_Testing> |
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45 | |
46 | =item 9 |
47 | |
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48 | L<Advanced CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::09_AdvancedCRUD> |
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49 | |
50 | =item 10 |
51 | |
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52 | L<Appendices|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::10_Appendices> |
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53 | |
54 | =back |
55 | |
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56 | |
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57 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
58 | |
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59 | You may have noticed that the Catalyst Helper scripts automatically |
60 | create basic C<.t> test scripts under the C<t> directory. This |
61 | chapter of the tutorial briefly looks at how these tests can be used |
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62 | not only to ensure that your application is working correctly at the |
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63 | present time, but also provide automated regression testing as you |
64 | upgrade various pieces of your application over time. |
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65 | |
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66 | You can check out the source code for this example from the Catalyst |
67 | Subversion repository as per the instructions in |
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68 | L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::01_Intro|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::01_Intro>. |
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69 | |
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70 | For an excellent introduction to learning the many benefits of testing |
71 | your Perl applications and modules, you might want to read 'Perl Testing: |
72 | A Developer's Notebook' by Ian Langworth and chromatic. |
73 | |
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74 | |
75 | =head1 RUNNING THE "CANNED" CATALYST TESTS |
76 | |
77 | There are a variety of ways to run Catalyst and Perl tests (for example, |
78 | C<perl Makefile.PL> and C<make test>), but one of the easiest is with the |
79 | C<prove> command. For example, to run all of the tests in the C<t> |
80 | directory, enter: |
81 | |
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82 | $ prove -wl t |
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83 | |
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84 | There will be a lot of output because we have the C<-Debug> flag |
85 | enabled in C<lib/MyApp.pm> (see the C<CATALYST_DEBUG=0> tip below for |
86 | a quick and easy way to reduce the clutter). Look for lines like this |
87 | for errors: |
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88 | |
89 | # Failed test 'Request should succeed' |
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90 | # at t/controller_Books.t line 8. |
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91 | # Looks like you failed 1 test of 3. |
92 | |
93 | The redirection used by the Authentication plugins will cause several |
94 | failures in the default tests. You can fix this by making the following |
95 | changes: |
96 | |
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97 | 1) Change the line in C<t/01app.t> that reads: |
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98 | |
99 | ok( request('/')->is_success, 'Request should succeed' ); |
100 | |
101 | to: |
102 | |
103 | ok( request('/login')->is_success, 'Request should succeed' ); |
104 | |
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105 | 2) Change the line in C<t/controller_Logout.t> that reads: |
106 | |
107 | ok( request('/logout')->is_success, 'Request should succeed' ); |
108 | |
109 | to: |
110 | |
111 | ok( request('/logout')->is_redirect, 'Request should succeed' ); |
112 | |
113 | 3) Change the line in C<t/controller_Books.t> that reads: |
114 | |
115 | ok( request('/books')->is_success, 'Request should succeed' ); |
116 | |
117 | to: |
118 | |
119 | ok( request('/books')->is_redirect, 'Request should succeed' ); |
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120 | |
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121 | 4) Add the following statement to the top of C<t/view_TT.t>: |
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122 | |
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123 | use MyApp; |
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124 | |
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125 | As you can see in the C<prove> command line above, the C<--lib> option |
126 | is used to set the location of the Catalyst C<lib> directory. With this |
127 | command, you will get all of the usual development server debug output, |
128 | something most people prefer to disable while running tests cases. |
129 | Although you can edit the C<lib/MyApp.pm> to comment out the C<-Debug> |
130 | plugin, it's generally easier to simply set the C<CATALYST_DEBUG=0> |
131 | environment variable. For example: |
132 | |
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133 | $ CATALYST_DEBUG=0 prove -wl t |
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134 | |
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135 | B<Note:> Depending on the versions of various modules you have |
136 | installed, you might get some C<used only once> warnings -- you can |
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137 | ignore these. If you want to eliminate the warnings, you can |
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138 | edit C<Template::Base> to disable and then re-enable warnings |
139 | are the C</usr/lib/perl5/Template/Base.pm> line in C<sub new>. |
140 | You can locate where C<Template::Base> is located with the |
141 | following command (it's probably in a place similar to |
142 | C</usr/lib/perl5/Template/Base.pm>): |
143 | |
144 | perldoc -l Template::Base |
145 | |
146 | Edit the file and modify C<sub new> to match: |
147 | |
148 | ... |
149 | { no strict qw( refs ); |
150 | # Disable warnings |
151 | no warnings; |
152 | $argnames = \@{"$class\::BASEARGS"} || [ ]; |
153 | # Turn warnings back on |
154 | use warnings; |
155 | } |
156 | ... |
157 | |
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158 | During the C<t/02pod> and C<t/03podcoverage> tests, you might notice the |
159 | C<all skipped: set TEST_POD to enable this test> warning message. To |
160 | execute the Pod-related tests, add C<TEST_POD=1> to the C<prove> |
161 | command: |
162 | |
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163 | $ CATALYST_DEBUG=0 TEST_POD=1 prove -wl t |
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164 | |
165 | If you omitted the Pod comments from any of the methods that were |
166 | inserted, you might have to go back and fix them to get these tests to |
167 | pass. :-) |
168 | |
169 | Another useful option is the C<verbose> (C<-v>) option to C<prove>. It |
170 | prints the name of each test case as it is being run: |
171 | |
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172 | $ CATALYST_DEBUG=0 TEST_POD=1 prove -vwl t |
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173 | |
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174 | |
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175 | =head1 RUNNING A SINGLE TEST |
176 | |
177 | You can also run a single script by appending its name to the C<prove> |
178 | command. For example: |
179 | |
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180 | $ CATALYST_DEBUG=0 prove -wl t/01app.t |
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181 | |
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182 | Also note that you can also run tests directly from Perl without C<prove>. |
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183 | For example: |
184 | |
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185 | $ CATALYST_DEBUG=0 perl -w -Ilib t/01app.t |
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186 | |
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187 | |
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188 | =head1 ADDING YOUR OWN TEST SCRIPT |
189 | |
190 | Although the Catalyst helper scripts provide a basic level of checks |
191 | "for free," testing can become significantly more helpful when you write |
192 | your own script to exercise the various parts of your application. The |
193 | L<Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst|Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst> module |
194 | is very popular for writing these sorts of test cases. This module |
195 | extends L<Test::WWW::Mechanize|Test::WWW::Mechanize> (and therefore |
196 | L<WWW::Mechanize|WWW::Mechanize>) to allow you to automate the action of |
197 | a user "clicking around" inside your application. It gives you all the |
198 | benefits of testing on a live system without the messiness of having to |
199 | use an actual web server, and a real person to do the clicking. |
200 | |
201 | To create a sample test case, open the C<t/live_app01.t> file in your |
202 | editor and enter the following: |
203 | |
204 | #!/usr/bin/perl |
205 | |
206 | use strict; |
207 | use warnings; |
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208 | use Test::More; |
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209 | |
210 | # Need to specify the name of your app as arg on next line |
211 | # Can also do: |
212 | # use Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst "MyApp"; |
213 | |
214 | use ok "Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst" => "MyApp"; |
215 | |
216 | # Create two 'user agents' to simulate two different users ('test01' & 'test02') |
217 | my $ua1 = Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst->new; |
218 | my $ua2 = Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst->new; |
219 | |
220 | # Use a simplified for loop to do tests that are common to both users |
221 | # Use get_ok() to make sure we can hit the base URL |
222 | # Second arg = optional description of test (will be displayed for failed tests) |
223 | # Note that in test scripts you send everything to 'http://localhost' |
224 | $_->get_ok("http://localhost/", "Check redirect of base URL") for $ua1, $ua2; |
225 | # Use title_is() to check the contents of the <title>...</title> tags |
226 | $_->title_is("Login", "Check for login title") for $ua1, $ua2; |
227 | # Use content_contains() to match on text in the html body |
228 | $_->content_contains("You need to log in to use this application", |
229 | "Check we are NOT logged in") for $ua1, $ua2; |
230 | |
231 | # Log in as each user |
232 | # Specify username and password on the URL |
233 | $ua1->get_ok("http://localhost/login?username=test01&password=mypass", "Login 'test01'"); |
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234 | # Could make user2 like user1 above, but use the form to show another way |
235 | $ua2->submit_form( |
236 | fields => { |
237 | username => 'test02', |
238 | password => 'mypass', |
239 | }); |
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240 | |
241 | # Go back to the login page and it should show that we are already logged in |
242 | $_->get_ok("http://localhost/login", "Return to '/login'") for $ua1, $ua2; |
243 | $_->title_is("Login", "Check for login page") for $ua1, $ua2; |
244 | $_->content_contains("Please Note: You are already logged in as ", |
245 | "Check we ARE logged in" ) for $ua1, $ua2; |
246 | |
247 | # 'Click' the 'Logout' link (see also 'text_regex' and 'url_regex' options) |
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248 | $_->follow_link_ok({n => 4}, "Logout via first link on page") for $ua1, $ua2; |
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249 | $_->title_is("Login", "Check for login title") for $ua1, $ua2; |
250 | $_->content_contains("You need to log in to use this application", |
251 | "Check we are NOT logged in") for $ua1, $ua2; |
252 | |
253 | # Log back in |
254 | $ua1->get_ok("http://localhost/login?username=test01&password=mypass", "Login 'test01'"); |
255 | $ua2->get_ok("http://localhost/login?username=test02&password=mypass", "Login 'test02'"); |
256 | # Should be at the Book List page... do some checks to confirm |
257 | $_->title_is("Book List", "Check for book list title") for $ua1, $ua2; |
258 | |
259 | $ua1->get_ok("http://localhost/books/list", "'test01' book list"); |
260 | $ua1->get_ok("http://localhost/login", "Login Page"); |
261 | $ua1->get_ok("http://localhost/books/list", "'test01' book list"); |
262 | |
263 | $_->content_contains("Book List", "Check for book list title") for $ua1, $ua2; |
264 | # Make sure the appropriate logout buttons are displayed |
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265 | $_->content_contains("/logout\">User Logout</a>", |
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266 | "Both users should have a 'User Logout'") for $ua1, $ua2; |
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267 | $ua1->content_contains("/books/form_create\">Admin Create</a>", |
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268 | "'test01' should have a create link"); |
269 | $ua2->content_lacks("/books/form_create\">Admin Create</a>", |
270 | "'test02' should NOT have a create link"); |
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271 | |
272 | $ua1->get_ok("http://localhost/books/list", "View book list as 'test01'"); |
273 | |
274 | # User 'test01' should be able to create a book with the "formless create" URL |
275 | $ua1->get_ok("http://localhost/books/url_create/TestTitle/2/4", |
276 | "'test01' formless create"); |
277 | $ua1->title_is("Book Created", "Book created title"); |
278 | $ua1->content_contains("Added book 'TestTitle'", "Check title added OK"); |
279 | $ua1->content_contains("by 'Stevens'", "Check author added OK"); |
280 | $ua1->content_contains("with a rating of 2.", "Check rating added"); |
281 | # Try a regular expression to combine the previous 3 checks & account for whitespace |
282 | $ua1->content_like(qr/Added book 'TestTitle'\s+by 'Stevens'\s+with a rating of 2./, "Regex check"); |
283 | |
284 | # Make sure the new book shows in the list |
285 | $ua1->get_ok("http://localhost/books/list", "'test01' book list"); |
286 | $ua1->title_is("Book List", "Check logged in and at book list"); |
287 | $ua1->content_contains("Book List", "Book List page test"); |
288 | $ua1->content_contains("TestTitle", "Look for 'TestTitle'"); |
289 | |
290 | # Make sure the new book can be deleted |
291 | # Get all the Delete links on the list page |
292 | my @delLinks = $ua1->find_all_links(text => 'Delete'); |
293 | # Use the final link to delete the last book |
294 | $ua1->get_ok($delLinks[$#delLinks]->url, 'Delete last book'); |
295 | # Check that delete worked |
296 | $ua1->content_contains("Book List", "Book List page test"); |
297 | $ua1->content_contains("Book deleted", "Book was deleted"); |
298 | |
299 | # User 'test02' should not be able to add a book |
300 | $ua2->get_ok("http://localhost/books/url_create/TestTitle2/2/5", "'test02' add"); |
301 | $ua2->content_contains("Unauthorized!", "Check 'test02' cannot add"); |
302 | |
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303 | done_testing; |
304 | |
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305 | The C<live_app.t> test cases uses copious comments to explain each step |
306 | of the process. In addition to the techniques shown here, there are a |
307 | variety of other methods available in |
308 | L<Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst|Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst> (for |
309 | example, regex-based matching). Consult the documentation for more |
310 | detail. |
311 | |
312 | B<TIP>: For I<unit tests> vs. the "full application tests" approach used |
313 | by L<Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst|Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst>, see |
314 | L<Catalyst::Test|Catalyst::Test>. |
315 | |
316 | B<Note:> The test script does not test the C<form_create> and |
317 | C<form_create_do> actions. That is left as an exercise for the reader |
318 | (you should be able to complete that logic using the existing code as a |
319 | template). |
320 | |
321 | To run the new test script, use a command such as: |
322 | |
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323 | $ CATALYST_DEBUG=0 prove -vwl t/live_app01.t |
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324 | |
325 | or |
326 | |
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327 | $ DBIC_TRACE=0 CATALYST_DEBUG=0 prove -vwl t/live_app01.t |
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328 | |
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329 | Experiment with the C<DBIC_TRACE>, C<CATALYST_DEBUG> and C<-v> |
330 | settings. If you find that there are errors, use the techniques |
331 | discussed in the "Catalyst Debugging" section (Chapter 7) to isolate |
332 | and fix any problems. |
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333 | |
334 | If you want to run the test case under the Perl interactive debugger, |
335 | try a command such as: |
336 | |
337 | $ DBIC_TRACE=0 CATALYST_DEBUG=0 perl -d -Ilib t/live_app01.t |
338 | |
339 | Note that although this tutorial uses a single custom test case for |
340 | simplicity, you may wish to break your tests into different files for |
341 | better organization. |
342 | |
343 | B<TIP:> If you have a test case that fails, you will receive an error |
344 | similar to the following: |
345 | |
346 | # Failed test 'Check we are NOT logged in' |
347 | # in t/live_app01.t at line 31. |
348 | # searched: "\x{0a}<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Tran"... |
349 | # can't find: "You need to log in to use this application." |
350 | |
351 | Unfortunately, this only shows us the first 50 characters of the HTML |
352 | returned by the request -- not enough to determine where the problem |
353 | lies. A simple technique that can be used in such situations is to |
354 | temporarily insert a line similar to the following right after the |
355 | failed test: |
356 | |
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357 | diag $ua1->content; |
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358 | |
359 | This will cause the full HTML returned by the request to be displayed. |
360 | |
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361 | Another approach to see the full HTML content at the failure point in |
362 | a series of tests would be to insert a "C<$DB::single=1;> right above |
363 | the location of the failure and run the test under the perl debugger |
364 | (with C<-d>) as shown above. Then you can use the debugger to explore |
365 | the state of the application right before or after the failure. |
366 | |
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367 | |
368 | =head1 SUPPORTING BOTH PRODUCTION AND TEST DATABASES |
369 | |
370 | You may wish to leverage the techniques discussed in this tutorial to |
371 | maintain both a "production database" for your live application and a |
372 | "testing database" for your test cases. One advantage to |
373 | L<Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst|Test::WWW::Mechanize::Catalyst> is that |
374 | it runs your full application; however, this can complicate things when |
375 | you want to support multiple databases. One solution is to allow the |
376 | database specification to be overridden with an environment variable. |
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377 | For example, open C<lib/MyApp/Model/DB.pm> in your editor and |
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378 | change the C<__PACKAGE__-E<gt>config(...> declaration to resemble: |
379 | |
380 | my $dsn = $ENV{MYAPP_DSN} ||= 'dbi:SQLite:myapp.db'; |
381 | __PACKAGE__->config( |
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382 | schema_class => 'MyApp::Schema', |
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383 | |
384 | connect_info => { |
385 | dsn => $dsn, |
386 | ... |
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387 | |
388 | Then, when you run your test case, you can use commands such as: |
389 | |
390 | $ cp myapp.db myappTEST.db |
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391 | $ CATALYST_DEBUG=0 MYAPP_DSN="dbi:SQLite:myappTEST.db" prove -vwl t/live_app01.t |
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392 | |
393 | This will modify the DSN only while the test case is running. If you |
394 | launch your normal application without the C<MYAPP_DSN> environment |
395 | variable defined, it will default to the same C<dbi:SQLite:myapp.db> as |
396 | before. |
397 | |
398 | |
399 | =head1 AUTHOR |
400 | |
401 | Kennedy Clark, C<hkclark@gmail.com> |
402 | |
403 | Please report any errors, issues or suggestions to the author. The |
404 | most recent version of the Catalyst Tutorial can be found at |
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405 | L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/Catalyst-Manual/5.80/trunk/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial/>. |
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406 | |
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407 | Copyright 2006-2008, Kennedy Clark, under Creative Commons License |
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408 | (L<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/>). |
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409 | |