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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
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3 | Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::01_Intro - Catalyst Tutorial - Chapter 1: Introduction |
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4 | |
5 | |
6 | =head1 OVERVIEW |
7 | |
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8 | This is B<Chapter 1 of 10> for the Catalyst tutorial. |
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9 | |
10 | L<Tutorial Overview|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> |
11 | |
12 | =over 4 |
13 | |
14 | =item 1 |
15 | |
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16 | B<01_Introduction> |
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17 | |
18 | =item 2 |
19 | |
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20 | L<Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::02_CatalystBasics> |
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21 | |
22 | =item 3 |
23 | |
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24 | L<More Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::03_MoreCatalystBasics> |
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25 | |
26 | =item 4 |
27 | |
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28 | L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::04_BasicCRUD> |
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29 | |
30 | =item 5 |
31 | |
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32 | L<Authentication|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::05_Authentication> |
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33 | |
34 | =item 6 |
35 | |
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36 | L<Authorization|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::06_Authorization> |
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37 | |
38 | =item 7 |
39 | |
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40 | L<Debugging|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::07_Debugging> |
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41 | |
42 | =item 8 |
43 | |
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44 | L<Testing|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::08_Testing> |
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45 | |
46 | =item 9 |
47 | |
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48 | L<Advanced CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::09_AdvancedCRUD> |
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49 | |
50 | =item 10 |
51 | |
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52 | L<Appendices|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::10_Appendices> |
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53 | |
54 | =back |
55 | |
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56 | |
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57 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
58 | |
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59 | This tutorial provides a multi-part introduction to the Catalyst Web |
60 | Framework. It seeks to provide a rapid overview of many of its most |
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61 | commonly used features. The focus is on the real-world best practices |
62 | required in the construction of nearly all Catalyst applications. |
63 | |
64 | Although the primary target of the tutorial is users new to the Catalyst |
65 | framework, experienced users may wish to review specific sections (for |
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66 | example, how to use DBIC for their model classes, how to add |
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67 | authentication and authorization to an existing application, and/or |
68 | form management). |
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69 | |
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70 | The most recent code for the tutorial is included on the Tutorial Virtual |
71 | Machine you can download from: |
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72 | |
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73 | svn co http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/trunk/examples/Tutorial/ CatalystTutorial |
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74 | |
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75 | This will download the most recent code for each chapter of the |
76 | tutorial into the CatalystTutorial directory on your machine. |
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77 | |
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78 | B<These reference implementations are provided so that when you follow |
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79 | the tutorial, you can use the code to ensure that your system is set up |
80 | correctly (which shouldn't be an issue if you use the Tutorial Virtual |
81 | Machine), :-) and that you have not inadvertently made any typographic |
82 | errors, or accidentally skipped part of the tutorial.> |
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83 | |
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84 | B<NOTE: You can use any Perl-supported OS and environment to run |
85 | Catalyst.> It should make little or no difference to Catalyst's |
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86 | operation, B<but this tutorial has been written using the Debian-based |
87 | Tutorial Virtual Machine that you can download and use to work through |
88 | the full tutorial step by step. B<WE STRONGLY RECOMMEND THAT YOU USE |
89 | THE VIRTUAL MACHINE IMAGE TO WORK THROUGH THE TUTORIAL> to avoid issues |
90 | that may crop up if you are working with a different configuration. We |
91 | have tested the Tutorial Virtual Machine to make sure all of the |
92 | examples work correctly, but it is hard to guarantee this on other |
93 | platforms and versions. |
94 | |
95 | If you would prefer to install directly from CPAN and not use the |
96 | Tutorial Virtual machine, you can download the example program and all |
97 | the necessary dependencies to your local machine by installing the |
98 | C<Task::Catalyst::Tutorial> distribution: |
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99 | |
100 | cpan Task::Catalyst::Tutorial |
101 | |
102 | This will also test to make sure the dependencies are working. If you |
103 | have trouble installing these, please ask for help on the #catalyst |
104 | IRC channel, or the Catalyst mailing list. |
105 | |
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106 | Subjects covered by the tutorial include: |
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107 | |
108 | =over 4 |
109 | |
110 | =item * |
111 | |
112 | A simple application that lists and adds books. |
113 | |
114 | =item * |
115 | |
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116 | The use of L<DBIx::Class> (DBIC) for the model (including |
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117 | some of the more advanced techniques you will probably want to use in |
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118 | your applications). |
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119 | |
120 | =item * |
121 | |
122 | How to write CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) operations in |
123 | Catalyst. |
124 | |
125 | =item * |
126 | |
127 | Authentication ("auth"). |
128 | |
129 | =item * |
130 | |
131 | Role-based authorization ("authz"). |
132 | |
133 | =item * |
134 | |
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135 | Attempts to provide an example showing current (5.9) Catalyst |
136 | practices. |
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137 | |
138 | =item * |
139 | |
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140 | The use of Template Toolkit (TT). |
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141 | |
142 | =item * |
143 | |
144 | Useful techniques for troubleshooting and debugging Catalyst |
145 | applications. |
146 | |
147 | =item * |
148 | |
149 | The use of SQLite as a database (with code also provided for MySQL and |
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150 | PostgreSQL). (Note: Because we make use of the DBIx::Class Object |
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151 | Relational Mapping [ORM] layer, out our application will be database |
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152 | agnostic and can easily be used by any of the databases supported by |
153 | DBIx::Class.) |
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154 | |
155 | =item * |
156 | |
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157 | The use of L<HTML::FormFu> or L<HTML::FormHandler> |
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158 | for automated form processing and validation. |
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159 | |
160 | =back |
161 | |
162 | This tutorial makes the learning process its main priority. For |
163 | example, the level of comments in the code found here would likely be |
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164 | considered excessive in a "normal project." Because of their contextual |
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165 | value, this tutorial will generally favor inline comments over a |
166 | separate discussion in the text. It also deliberately tries to |
167 | demonstrate multiple approaches to various features (in general, you |
168 | should try to be as consistent as possible with your own production |
169 | code). |
170 | |
171 | Furthermore, this tutorial tries to minimize the number of controllers, |
172 | models, TT templates, and database tables. Although this does result in |
173 | things being a bit contrived at times, the concepts should be applicable |
174 | to more complex environments. More complete and complicated example |
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175 | applications can be found at |
176 | L<http://wiki.catalystframework.org/wiki/resources/catalystexamples> and |
177 | in the C<examples> area of the Catalyst Subversion repository at |
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178 | L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/trunk/examples/>. |
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179 | ***Todo: update link above? |
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180 | |
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181 | |
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182 | |
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183 | =head1 STARTING WITH THE TUTORIAL VIRTUAL MACHINE |
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184 | |
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185 | =over 4 |
186 | |
187 | =item 1 |
188 | |
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189 | Download the C<debian-live-6.0.1-i386-rescue.iso> image from |
190 | L<http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/release/current-live/i386/iso-hybrid/>. |
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191 | |
192 | =item 2 |
193 | |
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194 | Uncompress the image: |
195 | |
196 | tar zxvf CatalystTutorial.tgz |
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197 | |
198 | =item 3 |
199 | |
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200 | Boot the virtual machine using a tool like VMWare Player |
201 | L<http://www.vmware.com/products/player> or VirtualBox |
202 | L<http://www.virtualbox.org/>. |
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203 | |
204 | =item 4 |
205 | |
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206 | Once you get a login prompt, enter the username B<root> and a password |
207 | for C<catalyst>. You should now be at a prompt that looks like: |
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208 | |
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209 | login: root |
210 | password: catalyst |
211 | root@catalyst:~# |
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212 | |
213 | =item 5 |
214 | |
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215 | Type "C<ifconfig>" to get the IP address assigned to the virtual |
216 | machine. You should get output along the lines of: |
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217 | |
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218 | eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:01:22:3b:45:69 |
219 | inet addr:192.168.245.128 Bcast:192.168.245.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 |
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220 | ... |
221 | |
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222 | You want the IP address on the second line below the C<eth0> interface. |
223 | The image it design to automatically use a DHCP-assigned address. |
224 | |
225 | If DHCP is not working or is not available in your location, most |
226 | virtual machine "host" environments let's you select between one of |
227 | several different types of networking between the "guest" and the "host" |
228 | machine. |
229 | |
230 | 1) Bridged |
231 | 2) NAT |
232 | 3) Local host only |
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233 | |
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234 | The Tutorial Virtual Machine defaults to "Bridged" -- this should result |
235 | in the VM acting like another device on your network that will get a |
236 | different DHCP IP address than the host machine. The advantage of this |
237 | approach, is that you can easily SSH and web browse to the guest virtual |
238 | machine. |
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239 | |
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240 | In some environments, you might have better luck with "NAT" (Network |
241 | Address Translation) mode. With this configuration, the guest VM shares |
242 | the same IP address as the host machine. The downside of the approach |
243 | is that special configuration is required if you want to be able to SSH |
244 | or web browse to the guest VM (some virtual machine host environments |
245 | let you configure a "static NAT" or "port forwarding" to reach the guest |
246 | OS). |
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247 | |
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248 | "Local host only" mode let's the guest VM and the host machine talk on a |
249 | "private subnet" that other devices in your network cannot reach. |
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250 | |
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251 | Consult the documentation on your virtual machine host environment for |
252 | help configuring the options above. |
253 | |
254 | =item 6 |
255 | |
256 | B<From your main desktop machine>, open an SSH client and connect to |
257 | the IP address found in the previous step. You should get a login |
258 | prompt (accept the SSH key). Login with the same username and password: |
259 | B<root> / B<catalyst> |
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260 | |
261 | =item 7 |
262 | |
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263 | B<Using the SSH session>, change to the sample code directory for |
264 | Chapter 3 included with the Tutorial Virtual Machine and start the |
265 | Catalyst Development Server: |
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266 | |
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267 | $ cd Final/Chapter03 |
268 | $ perl scripts/myapp_server -r |
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269 | |
270 | =item 8 |
271 | |
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272 | B<From your main desktop machine>, open a web browser and go to |
273 | B<http://A.B.C.D:3000/>, where C<A.B.C.D> is the IP address to your |
274 | virtual machine that you looked up in Step 5. For example, if your |
275 | virtual machine is using the IP address C<192.168.0.21>, you would put |
276 | the following URL into your web browser: |
277 | |
278 | http://192.168.0.21:3000/ |
279 | |
280 | Make sure you don't forget the B<:3000> to use port 3000 instead of the |
281 | usual port 80 that is used by HTTP by default. |
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282 | |
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283 | You should get a Catalyst Welcome Screen. If you do, feel free to jump |
284 | right in to L<Chapter 2|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::02_CatalystBasics> |
285 | of the tutorial. If you don't go get the Catalyst Welcome Screen, go |
286 | back and carefully check each of the steps above. |
287 | |
288 | =item 9 |
289 | |
290 | B<Optional:> The VI/VIM editor is already installed on the Tutorial |
291 | Virtual Machine. In order to reduce the size of the download, Emacs is |
292 | not pre-installed. Since people obviously have very strong opinions |
293 | about which editor is best, :-) Debian fortunately make it very easy to |
294 | install Emacs: |
295 | |
296 | $ aptitude install emacs |
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297 | |
298 | =back |
299 | |
300 | |
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301 | =head1 VERSIONS AND CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS TUTORIAL |
302 | |
303 | This tutorial was built using the following resources. Please note that |
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304 | you may need to make adjustments for different environments and versions |
305 | (note that trailing zeros in version numbers are not significant and may |
306 | get dropped with some techniques for viewing them; for example, Catalyst |
307 | v5.80020 might show up as 5.8002): |
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308 | |
309 | =over 4 |
310 | |
311 | =item * |
312 | |
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313 | Debian 6 (Squeeze) |
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314 | |
315 | =item * |
316 | |
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317 | Catalyst v5.90002 |
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318 | |
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319 | =item * |
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320 | |
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321 | Catalyst::Devel v1.34 |
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322 | |
323 | =item * |
324 | |
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325 | DBIx::Class v0.08195 |
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326 | |
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327 | =item * |
328 | |
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329 | Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema v0.54 |
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330 | |
331 | =item * |
332 | |
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333 | Template Toolkit v2.22 |
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334 | |
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335 | |
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336 | =item * |
337 | |
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338 | HTML::FormFu -- v0.09004 |
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339 | |
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340 | =item * |
341 | |
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342 | B<NOTE:> You can check the versions you have installed with the |
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343 | following command (note the slash before the space): |
344 | |
345 | perl -M<_mod_name_>\ 999 |
346 | |
347 | or: |
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348 | |
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349 | perl -M<_mod_name_> -e 'print "$<_mod_name_>::VERSION\n"' |
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350 | |
351 | For example: |
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352 | |
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353 | perl -MCatalyst::Devel\ 999 |
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354 | |
355 | or: |
356 | |
357 | perl -MCatalyst::Devel -e 'print "$Catalyst::Devel::VERSION\n";' |
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358 | |
359 | =item * |
360 | |
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361 | This tutorial will show URLs in the format of C<http://localhost:3000>, |
362 | but if you are running your web browser from outside the Tutorial |
363 | Virtual Machine, you will want to substitute the IP address of your VM |
364 | for the C<localhost> in the URLs (again, you can get the IP address for |
365 | eth0 from the C<ifconfig> command). For example, if your VM has an |
366 | IP address of 192.168.245.128, you will want to use a base URL of |
367 | C<http://192.168.245.128:3000>. Note that the development server |
368 | defaults to port 3000 (you can change with with the "-p" option on the |
369 | command line. |
370 | |
371 | B<Please Note:> Depending on the web browser you are using, you might need |
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372 | to hit C<Shift+Reload> or C<Ctrl+Reload> to pull a fresh page when |
373 | testing your application at various points (see |
374 | L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bypass_your_cache> for a comprehensive |
375 | list of options for each browser). Also, the C<-k> keepalive option to |
376 | the development server can be necessary with some browsers (especially |
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377 | Internet Explorer). |
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378 | |
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379 | =back |
380 | |
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381 | |
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382 | =head1 DATABASES |
383 | |
384 | This tutorial will primarily focus on SQLite because of its simplicity |
385 | of installation and use; however, modifications in the script required |
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386 | to support MySQL and PostgreSQL will be presented in the Appendix. |
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387 | |
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388 | B<Note:> One of the advantages of using tools like Catalyst and DBIC is |
389 | that applications become much more database independent. As such, you |
390 | will notice that only the C<.sql> files used to initialize the database |
391 | change between database systems: most of the code generally remains the |
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392 | same. |
393 | |
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394 | |
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395 | You can jump to the next chapter of the tutorial here: |
396 | L<Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::02_CatalystBasics> |
397 | |
398 | |
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399 | =head1 AUTHOR |
400 | |
401 | Kennedy Clark, C<hkclark@gmail.com> |
402 | |
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403 | Please report any errors, issues or suggestions to the author. The |
404 | most recent version of the Catalyst Tutorial can be found at |
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405 | L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/Catalyst-Manual/5.80/trunk/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial/>. |
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406 | |
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407 | Copyright 2006-2010, Kennedy Clark, under the |
408 | Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike License Version 3.0 |
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409 | (L<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/>). |