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 <div class="blog">
 <h1 id="NAME">
-The beginnings of modular design for SDL Perl
+Providing direct memory access to SDL_Surface's pixels
 </h1>
 <div class="CONTENT">
-<div style="text-align: right;"><i>“Do or do not... there is no try.”</i><br /></div><div style="text-align: right;"><i>--yoda </i><br /><br /></div><h1>The design before</h1><br />The bindings before were all in <a href="http://github.com/kthakore/SDL_perl/blob/master/src/SDL.xs">one huge XS file</a>. This was then exported into the SDL module. This means that the XS file has to handle with macros if any component (e.x SDL_Mixer) is not compiled. Moreover having ever binding in one XS file prevents use to treat C structs as object with only one point of free and malloc. This would be BEGIN and DESTROY in Perl. Also the monolithic design introduces a lot of bugs because we have to use free and malloc all over the place. Lastly SDL monolithic design has the constructor for all structs in both Perl and in XS. <br /><br /><h1>The design we are aiming for</h1>Simple <a href="http://github.com/kthakore/SDL_perl/blob/master/src/Rect.xs">one XS</a> per Module. This would also simplify the Build code.<br /><br /><h2>First Step </h2><br />We have began with SDL Rect. It is in github master branch now. We are in the progress of making it back compatible. Originally SDL::Rect took named variables as parameters for new(). Now since the constructor <a href="http://github.com/kthakore/SDL_perl/blob/master/src/Rect.xs#L16">is in XS</a> we have only unnamed parameters. <br /><br /><br /><h3>Before</h3><br />SDL::Rect-&gt;new( -x =&gt; 0, -y =&gt; 0, -width =&gt; 0, -height =&gt; 0);<br /><br /><h3>After</h3><br />SDL::Rect-&gt;new(0, 0, 0, 0);<br /><br />Ideally we would like both ways of constructing Rect.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3102167581424744259-6151839795039915111?l=yapgh.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div></div></div>
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+<p>In an attempt to make pixel access easier on SDL_Surface pixels. I have started work on <a href="http://github.com/kthakore/SDL_perl/commit/7ee1a1a7f162080a6fa5274e95b80961486e21e5">SDLx::Surface</a>. So far I have only start on the 32 bpp surfaces.</p><br />
+<p>The general idea is to make Pointer Values (PV) of each pixel in the surface and place them into a 2D matrix. First I make pointer values like this: </p><br />
+<pre style='color:#d1d1d1;background:#000000;'>SV <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span> get_pixel32 <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>SDL_Surface <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span>surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>int</span> x<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>int</span> y<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span>
+<span style='color:#b060b0; '>{</span>
+ <span style='color:#9999a9; '>//Convert the pixels to 32 bit </span>
+ Uint32 <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span>pixels <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>Uint32 <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span>surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>-</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>></span>pixels<span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> 
+
+ <span style='color:#9999a9; '>//Get the requested pixel  </span>
+ Uint32<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span> u_ptr <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span>  pixels <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>+</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span> y <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span> surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>-</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>></span>w <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>+</span> x <span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> 
+
+        SV<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span> sv <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span> newSVpv<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span><span style='color:#02d045; '>"</span><span style='color:#00c4c4; '>a</span><span style='color:#02d045; '>"</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span><span style='color:#008c00; '>1</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '>//Make a temp SV* value on the go</span>
+        SvCUR_set<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>sv<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>sizeof</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>Uint32<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '>//Specify the new CUR length</span>
+ SvLEN_set<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>sv<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>sizeof</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>Uint32<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '>//Specify the LEN length</span>
+        SvPV_set<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>sv<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span><span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>char</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span>u_ptr<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '>// set the actual pixel's pointer as the memory space to use</span>
+
+ <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>return</span> sv<span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '>//make a modifiable reference using u_ptr's place as the memory :)</span>
+
+<span style='color:#b060b0; '>}</span>
+</pre><br />
+<p>Next I loop through all the pixels and put them in a 2D array format, shown below: </p><pre style='color:#d1d1d1;background:#000000;'>AV <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span> construct_p_matrix <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span> SDL_Surface <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span>surface <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span>
+<span style='color:#b060b0; '>{</span>
+    AV <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span> matrix <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span> newAV<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+     <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>int</span> i<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> j<span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+     <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>for</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>  i <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span><span style='color:#008c00; '>0</span> <span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> i <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>&lt;</span> surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>-</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>></span>w<span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> i<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>+</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>+</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span>
+      <span style='color:#b060b0; '>{</span>
+        AV <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span> matrix_row <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span> newAV<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+        <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>for</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span> j <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span><span style='color:#008c00; '>0</span> <span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> j <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>&lt;</span> surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>-</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>></span>h<span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> j<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>+</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>+</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span>
+        <span style='color:#b060b0; '>{</span>
+           av_push<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>matrix_row<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> get_pixel32<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> i<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span>j<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+        <span style='color:#b060b0; '>}</span>
+        av_push<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>matrix<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> newRV_noinc<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>SV<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span> matrix_row<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+      <span style='color:#b060b0; '>}</span>
+
+ <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>return</span> matrix<span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+<span style='color:#b060b0; '>}</span>
+</pre><br />
+<p>You can see the complete <a href="http://github.com/kthakore/SDL_perl/blob/7ee1a1a7f162080a6fa5274e95b80961486e21e5/src/SDLx/Surface.xs">here</a>.</p><br />
+<p>In Perl I can do a get access on this pixel using: </p><br />
+<br />
+<pre style='color:#d1d1d1;background:#000000;'><span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>my</span> $surf32_matrix <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span> <span style='color:#904050; '>SDLx</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>::</span><span style='color:#904050; '>Surface</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span>pixel_array<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>$screen_surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+   <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>print</span> <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>unpack</span> <span style='color:#00c4c4; '>'b*'</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> $surf32_matrix<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>-></span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '># pixel value at x = 0 and y =0</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#OUTPUT:</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '># 11111111000000000000000000000000</span>
+</pre><br />
+<p>The structure of the PV is using Devel::Peek is : </p><br />
+<pre style='color:#d1d1d1;background:#000000;'><span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>print</span> Dump $surf32_matrix<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>-></span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#OUTPUT:</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#SV = PV(0xed0dbc) at 0xeb5344</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#  REFCNT = 1</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#  FLAGS = (POK,pPOK)</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#  PV = 0x9e04ac "\0\0\377\0"</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#  CUR = 4</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#  LEN = 4</span>
+</pre><br />
+<p>The problem is in setting the value of this pointer value. I have tried the following things with no success:</p><br />
+<pre style='color:#d1d1d1;background:#000000;'><span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>if</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span> <span style='color:#904050; '>SDL</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>::</span><span style='color:#904050; '>Video</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span>MUSTLOCK<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>$screen_surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span> <span style='color:#b060b0; '>{</span>
+    <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>return</span> <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>if</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span> <span style='color:#904050; '>SDL</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>::</span><span style='color:#904050; '>Video</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span>lock_surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>$screen_surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>&lt;</span> <span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '>#required for pixel operations</span>
+<span style='color:#b060b0; '>}</span>
+
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#USING pack</span>
+
+<span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>my</span> $green <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span> <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>pack</span> <span style='color:#00c4c4; '>'b*'</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#00c4c4; '>'11111111000000000000000000000000'</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+<span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>substr</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span> $surf32_matrix<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>-></span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#00a800; '>8</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span> <span style='color:#00a800; '>4</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> $green<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '>#no change</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#substr( $surf32_matrix->[0][0], 0, 8 * 4, 0xFF000000); segfault</span>
+<span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>substr</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span> ${$surf32_matrix<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>-></span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span>}<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#00a800; '>8</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>*</span> <span style='color:#00a800; '>4</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>,</span> <span style='color:#00a800; '>0xFF000000</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '>#no change</span>
+<span style='color:#9999a9; '>#$surf32_matrix->[0][0] = $green; SEGFAULT's cannot write to memory</span>
+${$surf32_matrix<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>-></span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>[</span><span style='color:#00a800; '>0</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>]</span>} <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>=</span> $green<span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span> <span style='color:#9999a9; '>#no change</span>
+
+
+<span style='color:#904050; '>SDL</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>::</span><span style='color:#904050; '>Video</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span>unlock_surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>$screen_surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span>
+  <span style='color:#e66170; font-weight:bold; '>if</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span> <span style='color:#904050; '>SDL</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>::</span><span style='color:#904050; '>Video</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span><span style='color:#d2cd86; '>:</span>MUSTLOCK<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>(</span>$screen_surface<span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span> <span style='color:#d2cd86; '>)</span><span style='color:#b060b0; '>;</span>
+</pre><br />
+<p>You can see an example <a href="http://paste.scsys.co.uk/45111">here</a>.</p><br />
+<p>Any help will be greatly appreciated. </p><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3102167581424744259-1929043568015240773?l=yapgh.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>
+<p><a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/1Rx7lBLzyC2ksXyZwl9Q_nlI6iE/0/da"><img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/1Rx7lBLzyC2ksXyZwl9Q_nlI6iE/0/di" border="0" ismap="true"></img></a><br/>
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