X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=scpubgit%2FQ-Branch.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2FSQL%2FAbstract.pm;h=b279856ba4651ca5288dfaa585eaaddca0b75f38;hp=1eae7091e0e01c23740248fee772f300d219de64;hb=04cde4cfad6c3172c31189ec3943d8ebf15959e9;hpb=97c9af3238f6ea29a346242b787b9567301e8cbd

diff --git a/lib/SQL/Abstract.pm b/lib/SQL/Abstract.pm
index 1eae709..b279856 100644
--- a/lib/SQL/Abstract.pm
+++ b/lib/SQL/Abstract.pm
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package SQL::Abstract; # see doc at end of file
 
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+use Module::Runtime ();
 use Carp ();
 use List::Util ();
 use Scalar::Util ();
@@ -136,6 +137,72 @@ sub is_plain_value ($) {
 # NEW
 #======================================================================
 
+our %Defaults = (
+  expand => {
+    bool => '_expand_bool',
+    row => '_expand_row',
+    op => '_expand_op',
+    func => '_expand_func',
+    values => '_expand_values',
+    bind => '_expand_noop',
+    literal => '_expand_noop',
+    keyword => '_expand_noop',
+  },
+  expand_op => {
+    'between' => '_expand_between',
+    'not_between' => '_expand_between',
+    'in' => '_expand_in',
+    'not_in' => '_expand_in',
+    'nest' => '_expand_nest',
+    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_andor'), ('and', 'or')),
+    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_is'), ('is', 'is_not')),
+    'ident' => '_expand_ident',
+    'value' => '_expand_value',
+  },
+  render => {
+    (map +($_, "_render_$_"),
+      qw(op func bind ident literal row values keyword)),
+  },
+  render_op => {
+    (map +($_ => '_render_op_between'), 'between', 'not_between'),
+    (map +($_ => '_render_op_in'), 'in', 'not_in'),
+    (map +($_ => '_render_unop_postfix'),
+      'is_null', 'is_not_null', 'asc', 'desc',
+    ),
+    (not => '_render_unop_paren'),
+    (map +($_ => '_render_op_andor'), qw(and or)),
+    ',' => '_render_op_multop',
+  },
+  clauses_of => {
+    delete => [ qw(target where returning) ],
+    update => [ qw(target set where returning) ],
+    insert => [ qw(target fields from returning) ],
+    select => [ qw(select from where order_by) ],
+  },
+  expand_clause => {
+    'delete.from' => '_expand_delete_clause_target',
+    'update.update' => '_expand_update_clause_target',
+    'insert.into' => '_expand_insert_clause_target',
+    'insert.values' => '_expand_insert_clause_from',
+  },
+  render_clause => {
+    'delete.target' => '_render_delete_clause_target',
+    'update.target' => '_render_update_clause_target',
+    'insert.target' => '_render_insert_clause_target',
+    'insert.fields' => '_render_insert_clause_fields',
+    'insert.from' => '_render_insert_clause_from',
+  },
+);
+
+foreach my $stmt (keys %{$Defaults{clauses_of}}) {
+  $Defaults{expand}{$stmt} = '_expand_statement';
+  $Defaults{render}{$stmt} = '_render_statement';
+  foreach my $clause (@{$Defaults{clauses_of}{$stmt}}) {
+    $Defaults{expand_clause}{"${stmt}.${clause}"}
+      = "_expand_${stmt}_clause_${clause}";
+  }
+}
+
 sub new {
   my $self = shift;
   my $class = ref($self) || $self;
@@ -168,14 +235,6 @@ sub new {
   # special operators
   $opt{special_ops} ||= [];
 
-  # regexes are applied in order, thus push after user-defines
-  push @{$opt{special_ops}}, @BUILTIN_SPECIAL_OPS;
-
-  if ($class->isa('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker')) {
-    $opt{warn_once_on_nest} = 1;
-    $opt{disable_old_special_ops} = 1;
-  }
-
   # unary operators
   $opt{unary_ops} ||= [];
 
@@ -195,62 +254,131 @@ sub new {
 
   $opt{expand_unary} = {};
 
-  $opt{expand} = {
-    -not => '_expand_not',
-    -bool => '_expand_bool',
-    -and => '_expand_op_andor',
-    -or => '_expand_op_andor',
-    -nest => '_expand_nest',
-    -bind => sub { shift; +{ @_ } },
-    -in => '_expand_in',
-    -not_in => '_expand_in',
-    -row => sub {
-      my ($self, $node, $args) = @_;
-      +{ $node => [ map $self->expand_expr($_), @$args ] };
-    },
-    -between => '_expand_between',
-    -not_between => '_expand_between',
-    -op => sub {
-      my ($self, $node, $args) = @_;
-      my ($op, @opargs) = @$args;
-      +{ $node => [ $op, map $self->expand_expr($_), @opargs ] };
-    },
-    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_is'), ('-is', '-is_not')),
-    -ident => '_expand_ident',
-    -value => '_expand_value',
-  };
+  foreach my $name (sort keys %Defaults) {
+    $opt{$name} = { %{$Defaults{$name}}, %{$opt{$name}||{}} };
+  }
 
-  $opt{expand_op} = {
-    'between' => '_expand_between',
-    'not_between' => '_expand_between',
-    'in' => '_expand_in',
-    'not_in' => '_expand_in',
-    'nest' => '_expand_nest',
-    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_andor'), ('and', 'or')),
-    (map +($_ => '_expand_op_is'), ('is', 'is_not')),
-    'ident' => '_expand_ident',
-    'value' => '_expand_value',
-  };
+  if ($class ne __PACKAGE__) {
 
-  $opt{render} = {
-    (map +("-$_", "_render_$_"), qw(op func bind ident literal row)),
-    %{$opt{render}||{}}
-  };
+    # check for overriden methods
 
-  $opt{render_op} = {
-    (map +($_ => '_render_op_between'), 'between', 'not_between'),
-    (map +($_ => '_render_op_in'), 'in', 'not_in'),
-    (map +($_ => '_render_unop_postfix'),
-      'is_null', 'is_not_null', 'asc', 'desc',
-    ),
-    (not => '_render_op_not'),
-    (map +($_ => '_render_op_andor'), qw(and or)),
-    ',' => '_render_op_multop',
-  };
+    foreach my $type (qw(insert update delete)) {
+      my $method = "_${type}_returning";
+      if (__PACKAGE__->can($method) ne $class->can($method)) {
+        my $clause = "${type}.returning";
+        $opt{expand_clause}{$clause} = sub { $_[2] },
+        $opt{render_clause}{$clause}
+          = sub { [ $_[0]->$method($_[3]) ] };
+      }
+    }
+    if (__PACKAGE__->can('_table') ne $class->can('_table')) {
+      $opt{expand_clause}{'select.from'} = sub {
+        return +{ -literal => [ $_[0]->_table($_[2]) ] };
+      };
+    }
+    if (__PACKAGE__->can('_order_by') ne $class->can('_order_by')) {
+      $opt{expand_clause}{'select.order_by'} = sub { $_[2] };
+      $opt{render_clause}{'select.order_by'} = sub {
+        [ $_[0]->_order_by($_[2]) ];
+      };
+    }
+    if ($class->isa('DBIx::Class::SQLMaker')) {
+      $opt{warn_once_on_nest} = 1;
+      $opt{disable_old_special_ops} = 1;
+      $opt{render_clause}{'select.where'} = sub {
+        my ($sql, @bind) = $_[0]->where($_[2]);
+        s/\A\s+//, s/\s+\Z// for $sql;
+        return [ $sql, @bind ];
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ($opt{lazy_join_sql_parts}) {
+    my $mod = Module::Runtime::use_module('SQL::Abstract::Parts');
+    $opt{join_sql_parts} ||= sub { $mod->new(@_) };
+  }
+
+  $opt{join_sql_parts} ||= sub { join $_[0], @_[1..$#_] };
 
   return bless \%opt, $class;
 }
 
+sub _ext_rw {
+  my ($self, $name, $key, $value) = @_;
+  return $self->{$name}{$key} unless @_ > 3;
+  $self->{$name}{$key} = $value;
+  return $self;
+}
+
+BEGIN {
+  foreach my $type (qw(
+    expand op_expand render op_render clause_expand clause_render
+  )) {
+    my $name = join '_', reverse split '_', $type;
+    my $singular = "${type}er";
+    eval qq{sub ${singular} { shift->_ext_rw($name => \@_) }; 1 }
+      or die "Method builder failed for ${singular}: $@";
+    eval qq{sub wrap_${singular} {
+      my (\$self, \$key, \$builder) = \@_;
+      my \$orig = \$self->_ext_rw('${name}', \$key);
+      \$self->_ext_rw(
+        '${name}', \$key,
+        \$builder->(\$orig, '${name}', \$key)
+      );
+    }; 1 } or die "Method builder failed for wrap_${singular}: $@";
+    eval qq{sub ${singular}s {
+      my (\$self, \@args) = \@_;
+      while (my (\$this_key, \$this_value) = splice(\@args, 0, 2)) {
+        \$self->_ext_rw('${name}', \$this_key, \$this_value);
+      }
+      return \$self;
+    }; 1 } or die "Method builder failed for ${singular}s: $@";
+    eval qq{sub wrap_${singular}s {
+      my (\$self, \@args) = \@_;
+      while (my (\$this_key, \$this_builder) = splice(\@args, 0, 2)) {
+        my \$orig = \$self->_ext_rw('${name}', \$this_key);
+        \$self->_ext_rw(
+          '${name}', \$this_key,
+           \$this_builder->(\$orig, '${name}', \$this_key),
+        );
+      }
+      return \$self;
+    }; 1 } or die "Method builder failed for wrap_${singular}s: $@";
+    eval qq{sub ${singular}_list { sort keys %{\$_[0]->{\$name}} }; 1; }
+     or die "Method builder failed for ${singular}_list: $@";
+  }
+}
+
+sub register_op { $_[0]->{is_op}{$_[1]} = 1; $_[0] }
+
+sub statement_list { sort keys %{$_[0]->{clauses_of}} }
+
+sub clauses_of {
+  my ($self, $of, @clauses) = @_;
+  unless (@clauses) {
+    return @{$self->{clauses_of}{$of}||[]};
+  }
+  if (ref($clauses[0]) eq 'CODE') {
+    @clauses = $self->${\($clauses[0])}(@{$self->{clauses_of}{$of}||[]});
+  }
+  $self->{clauses_of}{$of} = \@clauses;
+  return $self;
+}
+
+sub clone {
+  my ($self) = @_;
+  bless(
+    {
+      (map +($_ => (
+        ref($self->{$_}) eq 'HASH'
+          ? { %{$self->{$_}} }
+          : $self->{$_}
+      )), keys %$self),
+    },
+    ref($self)
+  );
+}
+
 sub sqltrue { +{ -literal => [ $_[0]->{sqltrue} ] } }
 sub sqlfalse { +{ -literal => [ $_[0]->{sqlfalse} ] } }
 
@@ -269,115 +397,119 @@ sub _assert_pass_injection_guard {
 #======================================================================
 
 sub insert {
-  my $self    = shift;
-  my $table   = $self->_table(shift);
-  my $data    = shift || return;
-  my $options = shift;
-
-  my $method       = $self->_METHOD_FOR_refkind("_insert", $data);
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->$method($data);
-  $sql = join " ", $self->_sqlcase('insert into'), $table, $sql;
+  my ($self, $table, $data, $options) = @_;
 
-  if ($options->{returning}) {
-    my ($s, @b) = $self->_insert_returning($options);
-    $sql .= $s;
-    push @bind, @b;
-  }
-
-  return wantarray ? ($sql, @bind) : $sql;
+  my $stmt = do {
+    if (ref($table) eq 'HASH') {
+      $table;
+    } else {
+      my %clauses = (target => $table, values => $data, %{$options||{}});
+      \%clauses;
+    }
+  };
+  my @rendered = $self->render_statement({ -insert => $stmt });
+  return wantarray ? @rendered : $rendered[0];
 }
 
-# So that subclasses can override INSERT ... RETURNING separately from
-# UPDATE and DELETE (e.g. DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::Oracle does this)
-sub _insert_returning { shift->_returning(@_) }
-
-sub _returning {
-  my ($self, $options) = @_;
+sub _expand_insert_clause_target {
+  +(target => $_[0]->expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
+}
 
-  my $f = $options->{returning};
+sub _expand_insert_clause_fields {
+  return +{ -row => [
+    $_[0]->expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident)
+  ] } if ref($_[2]) eq 'ARRAY';
+  return $_[2]; # should maybe still expand somewhat?
+}
 
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt(
-    $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr($f, -ident)
+sub _expand_insert_clause_from {
+  my ($self, undef, $data) = @_;
+  if (ref($data) eq 'HASH' and (keys(%$data))[0] =~ /^-/) {
+    return $self->expand_expr($data);
+  }
+  return $data if ref($data) eq 'HASH' and $data->{-row};
+  my ($f_aqt, $v_aqt) = $self->_expand_insert_values($data);
+  return (
+    from => { -values => [ $v_aqt ] },
+    ($f_aqt ? (fields => $f_aqt) : ()),
   );
-  return wantarray
-    ? $self->_sqlcase(' returning ') . $sql
-    : ($self->_sqlcase(' returning ').$sql, @bind);
 }
 
-sub _insert_HASHREF { # explicit list of fields and then values
-  my ($self, $data) = @_;
-
-  my @fields = sort keys %$data;
-
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_insert_values($data);
-
-  # assemble SQL
-  $_ = $self->_quote($_) foreach @fields;
-  $sql = "( ".join(", ", @fields).") ".$sql;
-
-  return ($sql, @bind);
+sub _expand_insert_clause_returning {
+  +(returning => $_[0]->expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
 }
 
-sub _insert_ARRAYREF { # just generate values(?,?) part (no list of fields)
+sub _expand_insert_values {
   my ($self, $data) = @_;
+  if (is_literal_value($data)) {
+    (undef, $self->expand_expr($data));
+  } else {
+    my ($fields, $values) = (
+      ref($data) eq 'HASH' ?
+        ([ sort keys %$data ], [ @{$data}{sort keys %$data} ])
+        : ([], $data)
+    );
 
-  # no names (arrayref) so can't generate bindtype
-  $self->{bindtype} ne 'columns'
-    or belch "can't do 'columns' bindtype when called with arrayref";
-
-  my (@values, @all_bind);
-  foreach my $value (@$data) {
-    my ($values, @bind) = $self->_insert_value(undef, $value);
-    push @values, $values;
-    push @all_bind, @bind;
+    # no names (arrayref) means can't generate bindtype
+    !($fields) && $self->{bindtype} eq 'columns'
+      && belch "can't do 'columns' bindtype when called with arrayref";
+
+    +(
+      (@$fields
+        ? $self->expand_expr({ -row => $fields }, -ident)
+        : undef
+      ),
+      +{ -row => [
+        map {
+         local our $Cur_Col_Meta = $fields->[$_];
+         $self->_expand_insert_value($values->[$_])
+         } 0..$#$values
+      ] },
+    );
   }
-  my $sql = $self->_sqlcase('values')." ( ".join(", ", @values)." )";
-  return ($sql, @all_bind);
 }
 
-sub _insert_ARRAYREFREF { # literal SQL with bind
-  my ($self, $data) = @_;
-
-  my ($sql, @bind) = @${$data};
-  $self->_assert_bindval_matches_bindtype(@bind);
-
-  return ($sql, @bind);
+sub _render_insert_clause_fields {
+  return $_[0]->render_aqt($_[2]);
 }
 
+sub _render_insert_clause_target {
+  my ($self, undef, $from) = @_;
+  $self->join_query_parts(' ', { -keyword => 'insert into' }, $from);
+}
 
-sub _insert_SCALARREF { # literal SQL without bind
-  my ($self, $data) = @_;
-
-  return ($$data);
+sub _render_insert_clause_from {
+  return $_[0]->render_aqt($_[2], 1);
 }
 
-sub _insert_values {
-  my ($self, $data) = @_;
+# So that subclasses can override INSERT ... RETURNING separately from
+# UPDATE and DELETE (e.g. DBIx::Class::SQLMaker::Oracle does this)
+sub _insert_returning { shift->_returning(@_) }
 
-  my (@values, @all_bind);
-  foreach my $column (sort keys %$data) {
-    my ($values, @bind) = $self->_insert_value($column, $data->{$column});
-    push @values, $values;
-    push @all_bind, @bind;
-  }
-  my $sql = $self->_sqlcase('values')." ( ".join(", ", @values)." )";
-  return ($sql, @all_bind);
+sub _redispatch_returning {
+  my ($self, $type, undef, $returning) = @_;
+  [ $self->${\"_${type}_returning"}({ returning => $returning }) ];
 }
 
-sub _insert_value {
-  my ($self, $column, $v) = @_;
+sub _returning {
+  my ($self, $options) = @_;
 
-  return $self->render_aqt(
-    $self->_expand_insert_value($column, $v)
-  );
+  my $f = $options->{returning};
+
+  my ($sql, @bind) = @{ $self->render_aqt(
+    $self->expand_maybe_list_expr($f, -ident)
+  ) };
+  return ($self->_sqlcase(' returning ').$sql, @bind);
 }
 
 sub _expand_insert_value {
-  my ($self, $column, $v) = @_;
+  my ($self, $v) = @_;
+
+  my $k = our $Cur_Col_Meta;
 
   if (ref($v) eq 'ARRAY') {
     if ($self->{array_datatypes}) {
-      return +{ -bind => [ $column, $v ] };
+      return +{ -bind => [ $k, $v ] };
     }
     my ($sql, @bind) = @$v;
     $self->_assert_bindval_matches_bindtype(@bind);
@@ -386,13 +518,12 @@ sub _expand_insert_value {
   if (ref($v) eq 'HASH') {
     if (grep !/^-/, keys %$v) {
       belch "HASH ref as bind value in insert is not supported";
-      return +{ -bind => [ $column, $v ] };
+      return +{ -bind => [ $k, $v ] };
     }
   }
   if (!defined($v)) {
-    return +{ -bind => [ $column, undef ] };
+    return +{ -bind => [ $k, undef ] };
   }
-  local our $Cur_Col_Meta = $column;
   return $self->expand_expr($v);
 }
 
@@ -402,52 +533,45 @@ sub _expand_insert_value {
 # UPDATE methods
 #======================================================================
 
-
 sub update {
-  my $self    = shift;
-  my $table   = $self->_table(shift);
-  my $data    = shift || return;
-  my $where   = shift;
-  my $options = shift;
-
-  # first build the 'SET' part of the sql statement
-  puke "Unsupported data type specified to \$sql->update"
-    unless ref $data eq 'HASH';
+  my ($self, $table, $set, $where, $options) = @_;
 
-  my ($sql, @all_bind) = $self->_update_set_values($data);
-  $sql = $self->_sqlcase('update ') . $table . $self->_sqlcase(' set ')
-          . $sql;
-
-  if ($where) {
-    my($where_sql, @where_bind) = $self->where($where);
-    $sql .= $where_sql;
-    push @all_bind, @where_bind;
-  }
-
-  if ($options->{returning}) {
-    my ($returning_sql, @returning_bind) = $self->_update_returning($options);
-    $sql .= $returning_sql;
-    push @all_bind, @returning_bind;
-  }
+  my $stmt = do {
+    if (ref($table) eq 'HASH') {
+      $table
+    } else {
+      my %clauses;
+      @clauses{qw(target set where)} = ($table, $set, $where);
+      puke "Unsupported data type specified to \$sql->update"
+        unless ref($clauses{set}) eq 'HASH';
+      @clauses{keys %$options} = values %$options;
+      \%clauses;
+    }
+  };
+  my @rendered = $self->render_statement({ -update => $stmt });
+  return wantarray ? @rendered : $rendered[0];
+}
 
-  return wantarray ? ($sql, @all_bind) : $sql;
+sub _render_update_clause_target {
+  my ($self, undef, $target) = @_;
+  $self->join_query_parts(' ', { -keyword => 'update' }, $target);
 }
 
 sub _update_set_values {
   my ($self, $data) = @_;
 
-  return $self->render_aqt(
-    $self->_expand_update_set_values($data),
-  );
+  return @{ $self->render_aqt(
+    $self->_expand_update_set_values(undef, $data),
+  ) };
 }
 
 sub _expand_update_set_values {
-  my ($self, $data) = @_;
-  $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr( [
+  my ($self, undef, $data) = @_;
+  $self->expand_maybe_list_expr( [
     map {
       my ($k, $set) = @$_;
       $set = { -bind => $_ } unless defined $set;
-      +{ -op => [ '=', $self->_expand_ident(-ident => $k), $set ] };
+      +{ -op => [ '=', { -ident => $k }, $set ] };
     }
     map {
       my $k = $_;
@@ -465,6 +589,24 @@ sub _expand_update_set_values {
   ] );
 }
 
+sub _expand_update_clause_target {
+  my ($self, undef, $target) = @_;
+  +(target => $self->expand_maybe_list_expr($target, -ident));
+}
+
+sub _expand_update_clause_set {
+  return $_[2] if ref($_[2]) eq 'HASH' and ($_[2]->{-op}||[''])->[0] eq ',';
+  +(set => $_[0]->_expand_update_set_values($_[1], $_[2]));
+}
+
+sub _expand_update_clause_where {
+  +(where => $_[0]->expand_expr($_[2]));
+}
+
+sub _expand_update_clause_returning {
+  +(returning => $_[0]->expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
+}
+
 # So that subclasses can override UPDATE ... RETURNING separately from
 # INSERT and DELETE
 sub _update_returning { shift->_returning(@_) }
@@ -475,62 +617,130 @@ sub _update_returning { shift->_returning(@_) }
 # SELECT
 #======================================================================
 
-
 sub select {
-  my $self   = shift;
-  my $table  = $self->_table(shift);
-  my $fields = shift || '*';
-  my $where  = shift;
-  my $order  = shift;
+  my ($self, @args) = @_;
+  my $stmt = do {
+    if (ref(my $sel = $args[0]) eq 'HASH') {
+      $sel
+    } else {
+      my %clauses;
+      @clauses{qw(from select where order_by)} = @args;
+
+      # This oddity is to literalify since historically SQLA doesn't quote
+      # a single identifier argument, so we convert it into a literal
 
-  my ($fields_sql, @bind) = $self->_select_fields($fields);
+      $clauses{select} = { -literal => [ $clauses{select}||'*' ] }
+        unless ref($clauses{select});
+      \%clauses;
+    }
+  };
 
-  my ($where_sql, @where_bind) = $self->where($where, $order);
-  push @bind, @where_bind;
+  my @rendered = $self->render_statement({ -select => $stmt });
+  return wantarray ? @rendered : $rendered[0];
+}
 
-  my $sql = join(' ', $self->_sqlcase('select'), $fields_sql,
-                      $self->_sqlcase('from'),   $table)
-          . $where_sql;
+sub _expand_select_clause_select {
+  my ($self, undef, $select) = @_;
+  +(select => $self->expand_maybe_list_expr($select, -ident));
+}
 
-  return wantarray ? ($sql, @bind) : $sql;
+sub _expand_select_clause_from {
+  my ($self, undef, $from) = @_;
+  +(from => $self->expand_maybe_list_expr($from, -ident));
+}
+
+sub _expand_select_clause_where {
+  my ($self, undef, $where) = @_;
+
+  my $sqla = do {
+    if (my $conv = $self->{convert}) {
+      my $_wrap = sub {
+        my $orig = shift;
+        sub {
+          my $self = shift;
+          +{ -func => [
+            $conv,
+            $self->$orig(@_)
+          ] };
+        };
+      };
+      $self->clone
+           ->wrap_expander(bind => $_wrap)
+           ->wrap_op_expanders(map +($_ => $_wrap), qw(ident value))
+           ->wrap_expander(func => sub {
+               my $orig = shift;
+               sub {
+                 my ($self, $type, $thing) = @_;
+                 if (ref($thing) eq 'ARRAY' and $thing->[0] eq $conv
+                     and @$thing == 2 and ref($thing->[1]) eq 'HASH'
+                     and (
+                       $thing->[1]{-ident}
+                       or $thing->[1]{-value}
+                       or $thing->[1]{-bind})
+                     ) {
+                   return { -func => $thing }; # already went through our expander
+                 }
+                 return $self->$orig($type, $thing);
+               }
+             });
+    } else {
+      $self;
+    }
+  };
+
+  return +(where => $sqla->expand_expr($where));
+}
+
+sub _expand_select_clause_order_by {
+  my ($self, undef, $order_by) = @_;
+  +(order_by => $self->_expand_order_by($order_by));
 }
 
 sub _select_fields {
   my ($self, $fields) = @_;
   return $fields unless ref($fields);
-  return $self->render_aqt(
-    $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr($fields, '-ident')
-  );
+  return @{ $self->render_aqt(
+    $self->expand_maybe_list_expr($fields, '-ident')
+  ) };
 }
 
 #======================================================================
 # DELETE
 #======================================================================
 
-
 sub delete {
-  my $self    = shift;
-  my $table   = $self->_table(shift);
-  my $where   = shift;
-  my $options = shift;
-
-  my($where_sql, @bind) = $self->where($where);
-  my $sql = $self->_sqlcase('delete from ') . $table . $where_sql;
-
-  if ($options->{returning}) {
-    my ($returning_sql, @returning_bind) = $self->_delete_returning($options);
-    $sql .= $returning_sql;
-    push @bind, @returning_bind;
-  }
+  my ($self, $table, $where, $options) = @_;
 
-  return wantarray ? ($sql, @bind) : $sql;
+  my $stmt = do {
+    if (ref($table) eq 'HASH') {
+      $table;
+    } else {
+      my %clauses = (target => $table, where => $where, %{$options||{}});
+      \%clauses;
+    }
+  };
+  my @rendered = $self->render_statement({ -delete => $stmt });
+  return wantarray ? @rendered : $rendered[0];
 }
 
 # So that subclasses can override DELETE ... RETURNING separately from
 # INSERT and UPDATE
 sub _delete_returning { shift->_returning(@_) }
 
+sub _expand_delete_clause_target {
+  +(target => $_[0]->expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
+}
+
+sub _expand_delete_clause_where { +(where => $_[0]->expand_expr($_[2])); }
+
+sub _expand_delete_clause_returning {
+  +(returning => $_[0]->expand_maybe_list_expr($_[2], -ident));
+}
 
+sub _render_delete_clause_target {
+   my ($self, undef, $from) = @_;
+   $self->join_query_parts(' ', { -keyword => 'delete from' }, $from);
+}
 
 #======================================================================
 # WHERE: entry point
@@ -569,23 +779,87 @@ sub expand_expr {
 }
 
 sub render_aqt {
-  my ($self, $aqt) = @_;
+  my ($self, $aqt, $top_level) = @_;
   my ($k, $v, @rest) = %$aqt;
   die "No" if @rest;
+  die "Not a node type: $k" unless $k =~ s/^-//;
   if (my $meth = $self->{render}{$k}) {
-    return $self->$meth($v);
+    local our $Render_Top_Level = $top_level;
+    return $self->$meth($k, $v);
   }
   die "notreached: $k";
 }
 
 sub render_expr {
-  my ($self, $expr) = @_;
-  $self->render_aqt($self->expand_expr($expr));
+  my ($self, $expr, $default_scalar_to) = @_;
+  return @{ $self->render_aqt(
+    $self->expand_expr($expr, $default_scalar_to)
+  ) };
+}
+
+sub render_statement {
+  my ($self, $expr, $default_scalar_to) = @_;
+  @{$self->render_aqt(
+    $self->expand_expr($expr, $default_scalar_to), 1
+  )};
+}
+
+sub _expand_statement {
+  my ($self, $type, $args) = @_;
+  my $ec = $self->{expand_clause};
+  if ($args->{_}) {
+    $args = { %$args };
+    $args->{$type} = delete $args->{_}
+  }
+  my %has_clause = map +($_ => 1), @{$self->{clauses_of}{$type}};
+  return +{ "-${type}" => +{
+    map {
+      my $val = $args->{$_};
+      if (defined($val) and my $exp = $ec->{"${type}.$_"}) {
+        if ((my (@exp) = $self->$exp($_ => $val)) == 1) {
+          ($_ => $exp[0])
+        } else {
+          @exp
+        }
+      } elsif ($has_clause{$_}) {
+        ($_ => $self->expand_expr($val))
+      } else {
+        ($_ => $val)
+      }
+    } sort keys %$args
+  } };
+}
+
+sub _render_statement {
+  my ($self, $type, $args) = @_;
+  my @parts;
+  foreach my $clause (@{$self->{clauses_of}{$type}}) {
+    next unless my $clause_expr = $args->{$clause};
+    my $part = do {
+      if (my $rdr = $self->{render_clause}{"${type}.${clause}"}) {
+        $self->$rdr($clause, $clause_expr, $args);
+      } else {
+        my $r = $self->render_aqt($clause_expr, 1);
+        next unless defined $r->[0] and length $r->[0];
+        $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+          { -keyword => $clause },
+          $r
+        );
+      }
+    };
+    push @parts, $part;
+  }
+  my $q = $self->join_query_parts(' ', @parts);
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    (our $Render_Top_Level ? $q : ('(', $q, ')'))
+  );
 }
 
 sub _normalize_op {
   my ($self, $raw) = @_;
-  s/^-(?=.)//, s/\s+/_/g for my $op = lc $raw;
+  my $op = lc $raw;
+  return $op if grep $_->{$op}, @{$self}{qw(is_op expand_op render_op)};
+  s/^-(?=.)//, s/\s+/_/g for $op;
   $op;
 }
 
@@ -596,32 +870,28 @@ sub _expand_expr {
   if (ref($expr) eq 'HASH') {
     return undef unless my $kc = keys %$expr;
     if ($kc > 1) {
-      return $self->_expand_op_andor(-and => $expr);
+      return $self->_expand_op_andor(and => $expr);
     }
     my ($key, $value) = %$expr;
     if ($key =~ /^-/ and $key =~ s/ [_\s]? \d+ $//x ) {
       belch 'Use of [and|or|nest]_N modifiers is deprecated and will be removed in SQLA v2.0. '
           . "You probably wanted ...-and => [ $key => COND1, $key => COND2 ... ]";
     }
-    if (my $exp = $self->{expand}{$key}) {
-      return $self->$exp($key, $value);
-    }
-    return $self->_expand_expr_hashpair($key, $value);
+    return $self->_expand_hashpair($key, $value);
   }
   if (ref($expr) eq 'ARRAY') {
-    my $logic = '-'.lc($self->{logic});
-    return $self->_expand_op_andor($logic, $expr);
+    return $self->_expand_op_andor(lc($self->{logic}), $expr);
   }
   if (my $literal = is_literal_value($expr)) {
     return +{ -literal => $literal };
   }
   if (!ref($expr) or Scalar::Util::blessed($expr)) {
-    return $self->_expand_expr_scalar($expr);
+    return $self->_expand_scalar($expr);
   }
   die "notreached";
 }
 
-sub _expand_expr_hashpair {
+sub _expand_hashpair {
   my ($self, $k, $v) = @_;
   unless (defined($k) and length($k)) {
     if (defined($k) and my $literal = is_literal_value($v)) {
@@ -630,13 +900,18 @@ sub _expand_expr_hashpair {
     }
     puke "Supplying an empty left hand side argument is not supported";
   }
-  if ($k =~ /^-/) {
-    return $self->_expand_expr_hashpair_op($k, $v);
+  if ($k =~ /^-./) {
+    return $self->_expand_hashpair_op($k, $v);
+  } elsif ($k =~ /^[^\w]/i) {
+    my ($lhs, @rhs) = ref($v) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$v : $v;
+    return $self->_expand_op(
+      -op, [ $k, $self->expand_expr($lhs, -ident), @rhs ]
+    );
   }
-  return $self->_expand_expr_hashpair_ident($k, $v);
+  return $self->_expand_hashpair_ident($k, $v);
 }
 
-sub _expand_expr_hashpair_ident {
+sub _expand_hashpair_ident {
   my ($self, $k, $v) = @_;
 
   local our $Cur_Col_Meta = $k;
@@ -644,25 +919,25 @@ sub _expand_expr_hashpair_ident {
   # hash with multiple or no elements is andor
 
   if (ref($v) eq 'HASH' and keys %$v != 1) {
-    return $self->_expand_op_andor(-and => $v, $k);
+    return $self->_expand_op_andor(and => $v, $k);
   }
 
   # undef needs to be re-sent with cmp to achieve IS/IS NOT NULL
 
   if (is_undef_value($v)) {
-    return $self->_expand_expr_hashpair_cmp($k => undef);
+    return $self->_expand_hashpair_cmp($k => undef);
   }
 
   # scalars and objects get expanded as whatever requested or values
 
   if (!ref($v) or Scalar::Util::blessed($v)) {
-    return $self->_expand_expr_hashpair_scalar($k, $v);
+    return $self->_expand_hashpair_scalar($k, $v);
   }
 
   # single key hashref is a hashtriple
 
   if (ref($v) eq 'HASH') {
-    return $self->_expand_expr_hashtriple($k, %$v);
+    return $self->_expand_hashtriple($k, %$v);
   }
 
   # arrayref needs re-engineering over the elements
@@ -672,8 +947,8 @@ sub _expand_expr_hashpair_ident {
     $self->_debug("ARRAY($k) means distribute over elements");
     my $logic = lc(
       $v->[0] =~ /^-(and|or)$/i
-        ? shift(@{$v = [ @$v ]})
-        : '-'.lc($self->{logic} || 'OR')
+        ? (shift(@{$v = [ @$v ]}), $1)
+        : lc($self->{logic} || 'OR')
     );
     return $self->_expand_op_andor(
       $logic => $v, $k
@@ -696,36 +971,27 @@ sub _expand_expr_hashpair_ident {
   die "notreached";
 }
 
-sub _expand_expr_scalar {
+sub _expand_scalar {
   my ($self, $expr) = @_;
 
   return $self->_expand_expr({ (our $Default_Scalar_To) => $expr });
 }
 
-sub _expand_expr_hashpair_scalar {
+sub _expand_hashpair_scalar {
   my ($self, $k, $v) = @_;
 
-  return $self->_expand_expr_hashpair_cmp(
-    $k, $self->_expand_expr_scalar($v),
+  return $self->_expand_hashpair_cmp(
+    $k, $self->_expand_scalar($v),
   );
 }
 
-sub _expand_expr_hashpair_op {
+sub _expand_hashpair_op {
   my ($self, $k, $v) = @_;
 
   $self->_assert_pass_injection_guard($k =~ /\A-(.*)\Z/s);
 
   my $op = $self->_normalize_op($k);
 
-  # Ops prefixed with -not_ get converted
-
-  if (my ($rest) = $op =~/^not_(.*)$/) {
-    return +{ -op => [
-      'not',
-      $self->_expand_expr({ "-${rest}", $v })
-    ] };
-  }
-
   { # Old SQLA compat
 
     my $op = join(' ', split '_', $op);
@@ -734,60 +1000,82 @@ sub _expand_expr_hashpair_op {
 
     if (
       (our $Expand_Depth) == 1
-      and $self->{disable_old_special_ops}
-      and List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{special_ops}}
+      and (
+        List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{special_ops}}
+        or (
+          $self->{disable_old_special_ops}
+          and List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @BUILTIN_SPECIAL_OPS
+        )
+      )
     ) {
       puke "Illegal use of top-level '-$op'"
     }
+  }
+
+  if (my $exp = $self->{expand}{$op}||$self->{expand_op}{$op}) {
+    return $self->$exp($op, $v);
+  }
+
+  # Ops prefixed with -not_ get converted
+
+  if (my ($rest) = $op =~/^not_(.*)$/) {
+    return +{ -op => [
+      'not',
+      $self->_expand_expr({ "-${rest}", $v })
+    ] };
+  }
+
+  { # Old SQLA compat
 
     # the old unary op system means we should touch nothing and let it work
 
+    my $op = join(' ', split '_', $op);
+
     if (my $us = List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{unary_ops}}) {
       return { -op => [ $op, $v ] };
     }
   }
 
-  # an explicit node type is currently assumed to be expanded (this is almost
-  # certainly wrong and there should be expansion anyway)
-
-  if ($self->{render}{$k}) {
-    return { $k => $v };
-  }
+  my $type = (
+    $self->{unknown_unop_always_func} && !$self->{render_op}{$op}
+      ? -func
+      : -op
+  );
 
-  # hashref RHS values get expanded and used as op/func args
+  { # Old SQLA compat
 
-  if (
-    ref($v) eq 'HASH'
-    and keys %$v == 1
-    and (keys %$v)[0] =~ /^-/
-  ) {
-    my ($func) = $k =~ /^-(.*)$/;
-    { # Old SQLA compat
-      if (List::Util::first { $func =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{special_ops}}) {
-        return +{ -op => [ $func, $self->_expand_expr($v) ] };
-      }
+    if (
+      ref($v) eq 'HASH'
+      and keys %$v == 1
+      and (keys %$v)[0] =~ /^-/
+    ) {
+      $type = (
+        (
+          (List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{special_ops}})
+          or $self->{render_op}{$op}
+        )
+          ? -op
+          : -func
+      )
     }
-    return +{ -func => [ $func, $self->_expand_expr($v) ] };
   }
 
-  # scalars and literals get simply expanded
-
-  if (!ref($v) or is_literal_value($v)) {
-    return +{ -op => [ $op, $self->_expand_expr($v) ] };
+  if ($type eq -func and ref($v) eq 'ARRAY') {
+    return $self->_expand_expr({ -func => [ $op, @$v ] });
   }
 
-  die "notreached";
+  return $self->_expand_expr({ $type => [ $op, $v ] });
 }
 
-sub _expand_expr_hashpair_cmp {
+sub _expand_hashpair_cmp {
   my ($self, $k, $v) = @_;
-  $self->_expand_expr_hashtriple($k, $self->{cmp}, $v);
+  $self->_expand_hashtriple($k, $self->{cmp}, $v);
 }
 
-sub _expand_expr_hashtriple {
+sub _expand_hashtriple {
   my ($self, $k, $vk, $vv) = @_;
 
-  my $ik = $self->_expand_ident(-ident => $k);
+  my $ik = $self->_expand_expr({ -ident => $k });
 
   my $op = $self->_normalize_op($vk);
   $self->_assert_pass_injection_guard($op);
@@ -817,13 +1105,13 @@ sub _expand_expr_hashtriple {
   if (ref($vv) eq 'ARRAY') {
     my @raw = @$vv;
     my $logic = (defined($raw[0]) and $raw[0] =~ /^-(and|or)$/i)
-      ? shift @raw : '-or';
+      ? (shift(@raw), lc $1) : 'or';
     my @values = map +{ $vk => $_ }, @raw;
     if (
       $op =~ $self->{inequality_op}
       or $op =~ $self->{not_like_op}
     ) {
-      if (lc($logic) eq '-or' and @values > 1) {
+      if (lc($logic) eq 'or' and @values > 1) {
         belch "A multi-element arrayref as an argument to the inequality op '${\uc(join ' ', split '_', $op)}' "
             . 'is technically equivalent to an always-true 1=1 (you probably wanted '
             . "to say ...{ \$inequality_op => [ -and => \@values ] }... instead)"
@@ -845,7 +1133,7 @@ sub _expand_expr_hashtriple {
       "unexpected operator '%s' with undef operand",
     ) ? 'is' : 'is not');
 
-    return $self->_expand_expr_hashpair($k => { $is, undef });
+    return $self->_expand_hashpair($k => { $is, undef });
   }
   local our $Cur_Col_Meta = $k;
   return +{ -op => [
@@ -880,13 +1168,19 @@ sub _dwim_op_to_is {
   puke(sprintf $fail, $op);
 }
 
+sub _expand_func {
+  my ($self, undef, $args) = @_;
+  my ($func, @args) = @$args;
+  return +{ -func => [ $func, map $self->expand_expr($_), @args ] };
+}
+
 sub _expand_ident {
-  my ($self, $op, $body, $k) = @_;
-  return $self->_expand_expr_hashpair_cmp(
+  my ($self, undef, $body, $k) = @_;
+  return $self->_expand_hashpair_cmp(
     $k, { -ident => $body }
   ) if defined($k);
   unless (defined($body) or (ref($body) and ref($body) eq 'ARRAY')) {
-    puke "$op requires a single plain scalar argument (a quotable identifier) or an arrayref of identifier parts";
+    puke "-ident requires a single plain scalar argument (a quotable identifier) or an arrayref of identifier parts";
   }
   my @parts = map split(/\Q${\($self->{name_sep}||'.')}\E/, $_),
                 ref($body) ? @$body : $body;
@@ -898,14 +1192,24 @@ sub _expand_ident {
 }
 
 sub _expand_value {
-  return $_[0]->_expand_expr_hashpair_cmp(
+  return $_[0]->_expand_hashpair_cmp(
     $_[3], { -value => $_[2] },
   ) if defined($_[3]);
   +{ -bind => [ our $Cur_Col_Meta, $_[2] ] };
 }
 
-sub _expand_not {
-  +{ -op => [ 'not', $_[0]->_expand_expr($_[2]) ] };
+sub _expand_row {
+  my ($self, undef, $args) = @_;
+  +{ -row => [ map $self->expand_expr($_), @$args ] };
+}
+
+sub _expand_op {
+  my ($self, undef, $args) = @_;
+  my ($op, @opargs) = @$args;
+  if (my $exp = $self->{expand_op}{$op}) {
+    return $self->$exp($op, \@opargs);
+  }
+  +{ -op => [ $op, map $self->expand_expr($_), @opargs ] };
 }
 
 sub _expand_bool {
@@ -914,11 +1218,11 @@ sub _expand_bool {
     return $self->_expand_expr($v);
   }
   puke "-bool => undef not supported" unless defined($v);
-  return $self->_expand_ident(-ident => $v);
+  return $self->_expand_expr({ -ident => $v });
 }
 
 sub _expand_op_andor {
-  my ($self, $logic, $v, $k) = @_;
+  my ($self, $logop, $v, $k) = @_;
   if (defined $k) {
     $v = [ map +{ $k, $_ },
              (ref($v) eq 'HASH')
@@ -926,7 +1230,6 @@ sub _expand_op_andor {
               : @$v,
          ];
   }
-  my ($logop) = $logic =~ /^-?(.*)$/;
   if (ref($v) eq 'HASH') {
     return undef unless keys %$v;
     return +{ -op => [
@@ -973,7 +1276,6 @@ sub _expand_op_andor {
 
 sub _expand_op_is {
   my ($self, $op, $vv, $k) = @_;
-  $op =~ s/^-//;
   ($k, $vv) = @$vv unless defined $k;
   puke "$op can only take undef as argument"
     if defined($vv)
@@ -987,7 +1289,6 @@ sub _expand_op_is {
 
 sub _expand_between {
   my ($self, $op, $vv, $k) = @_;
-  $op =~ s/^-//;
   $k = shift @{$vv = [ @$vv ]} unless defined $k;
   my @rhs = map $self->_expand_expr($_),
               ref($vv) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$vv : $vv;
@@ -1001,20 +1302,19 @@ sub _expand_between {
   return +{ -op => [
     $op,
     $self->expand_expr(ref($k) ? $k : { -ident => $k }),
-    @rhs
+    map $self->expand_expr($_, -value), @rhs
   ] }
 }
 
 sub _expand_in {
-  my ($self, $raw, $vv, $k) = @_;
+  my ($self, $op, $vv, $k) = @_;
   $k = shift @{$vv = [ @$vv ]} unless defined $k;
-  my $op = $self->_normalize_op($raw);
   if (my $literal = is_literal_value($vv)) {
     my ($sql, @bind) = @$literal;
     my $opened_sql = $self->_open_outer_paren($sql);
     return +{ -op => [
       $op, $self->expand_expr($k, -ident),
-      [ { -literal => [ $opened_sql, @bind ] } ]
+      { -literal => [ $opened_sql, @bind ] }
     ] };
   }
   my $undef_err =
@@ -1033,12 +1333,12 @@ sub _expand_in {
   return +{ -op => [
     $op,
     $self->expand_expr($k, -ident),
-    \@rhs
+    @rhs
   ] };
 }
 
 sub _expand_nest {
-  my ($self, $op, $v) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $v) = @_;
   # DBIx::Class requires a nest warning to be emitted once but the private
   # method it overrode to do so no longer exists
   if ($self->{warn_once_on_nest}) {
@@ -1053,18 +1353,34 @@ sub _expand_nest {
   return $self->_expand_expr($v);
 }
 
+sub _expand_noop {
+  my ($self, $type, $v) = @_;
+  return { "-${type}" => $v };
+}
+
+sub _expand_values {
+  my ($self, undef, $values) = @_;
+  return { -values => [
+    map +(
+      ref($_) eq 'HASH'
+        ? $self->expand_expr($_)
+        : +{ -row => [ map $self->expand_expr($_), @$_ ] }
+    ), ref($values) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$values : $values
+  ] };
+}
+
 sub _recurse_where {
-  my ($self, $where, $logic) = @_;
+  my ($self, $where) = @_;
 
   # Special case: top level simple string treated as literal
 
   my $where_exp = (ref($where)
-                    ? $self->_expand_expr($where, $logic)
+                    ? $self->_expand_select_clause_where(undef, $where)
                     : { -literal => [ $where ] });
 
   # dispatch expanded expression
 
-  my ($sql, @bind) = defined($where_exp) ? $self->render_aqt($where_exp) : (undef);
+  my ($sql, @bind) = defined($where_exp) ? @{ $self->render_aqt($where_exp) || [] } : ();
   # DBIx::Class used to call _recurse_where in scalar context
   # something else might too...
   if (wantarray) {
@@ -1077,42 +1393,51 @@ sub _recurse_where {
 }
 
 sub _render_ident {
-  my ($self, $ident) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $ident) = @_;
 
-  return $self->_convert($self->_quote($ident));
+  return [ $self->_quote($ident) ];
 }
 
 sub _render_row {
-  my ($self, $values) = @_;
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_render_op([ ',', @$values ]);
-  return "($sql)", @bind;  
+  my ($self, undef, $values) = @_;
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    '(',
+    $self->_render_op(undef, [ ',', @$values ]),
+    ')'
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_func {
-  my ($self, $rest) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $rest) = @_;
   my ($func, @args) = @$rest;
-  my @arg_sql;
-  my @bind = map {
-    my @x = @$_;
-    push @arg_sql, shift @x;
-    @x
-  } map [ $self->render_aqt($_) ], @args;
-  return ($self->_sqlcase($func).'('.join(', ', @arg_sql).')', @bind);
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    $self->_sqlcase($func),
+    $self->join_query_parts('',
+      '(',
+      $self->join_query_parts(', ', @args),
+      ')'
+    ),
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_bind {
-  my ($self,  $bind) = @_;
-  return ($self->_convert('?'), $self->_bindtype(@$bind));
+  my ($self, undef, $bind) = @_;
+  return [ '?', $self->_bindtype(@$bind) ];
 }
 
 sub _render_literal {
-  my ($self, $literal) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $literal) = @_;
   $self->_assert_bindval_matches_bindtype(@{$literal}[1..$#$literal]);
-  return @$literal;
+  return $literal;
+}
+
+sub _render_keyword {
+  my ($self, undef, $keyword) = @_;
+  return [ $self->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $keyword) ];
 }
 
 sub _render_op {
-  my ($self, $v) = @_;
+  my ($self, undef, $v) = @_;
   my ($op, @args) = @$v;
   if (my $r = $self->{render_op}{$op}) {
     return $self->$r($op, \@args);
@@ -1122,18 +1447,20 @@ sub _render_op {
 
     my $op = join(' ', split '_', $op);
 
-    my $us = List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{special_ops}};
-    if ($us and @args > 1) {
+    my $ss = List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{special_ops}};
+    if ($ss and @args > 1) {
       puke "Special op '${op}' requires first value to be identifier"
         unless my ($ident) = map $_->{-ident}, grep ref($_) eq 'HASH', $args[0];
       my $k = join(($self->{name_sep}||'.'), @$ident);
       local our $Expand_Depth = 1;
-      return $self->${\($us->{handler})}($k, $op, $args[1]);
+      return [ $self->${\($ss->{handler})}($k, $op, $args[1]) ];
     }
     if (my $us = List::Util::first { $op =~ $_->{regex} } @{$self->{unary_ops}}) {
-      return $self->${\($us->{handler})}($op, $args[0]);
+      return [ $self->${\($us->{handler})}($op, $args[0]) ];
+    }
+    if ($ss) {
+      return $self->_render_unop_paren($op, \@args);
     }
-
   }
   if (@args == 1) {
     return $self->_render_unop_prefix($op, \@args);
@@ -1147,88 +1474,108 @@ sub _render_op {
 sub _render_op_between {
   my ($self, $op, $args) = @_;
   my ($left, $low, $high) = @$args;
-  my ($rhsql, @rhbind) = do {
+  my @rh = do {
     if (@$args == 2) {
       puke "Single arg to between must be a literal"
         unless $low->{-literal};
-      @{$low->{-literal}}
+      $low;
     } else {
-      my ($l, $h) = map [ $self->render_aqt($_) ], $low, $high;
-      (join(' ', $l->[0], $self->_sqlcase('and'), $h->[0]),
-       @{$l}[1..$#$l], @{$h}[1..$#$h])
+      +($low, { -keyword => 'and' }, $high);
     }
   };
-  my ($lhsql, @lhbind) = $self->render_aqt($left);
-  return (
-    join(' ',
-      '(', $lhsql,
-       $self->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $op),
-      $rhsql, ')'
-    ),
-    @lhbind, @rhbind
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    '(', $left, { -keyword => $op }, @rh, ')',
   );
 }
 
 sub _render_op_in {
   my ($self, $op, $args) = @_;
-  my ($lhs, $rhs) = @$args;
-  my @in_bind;
-  my @in_sql = map {
-    my ($sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt($_);
-    push @in_bind, @bind;
-    $sql;
-  } @$rhs;
-  my ($lhsql, @lbind) = $self->render_aqt($lhs);
-  return (
-    $lhsql.' '.$self->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $op).' ( '
-    .join(', ', @in_sql)
-    .' )',
-    @lbind, @in_bind
+  my ($lhs, @rhs) = @$args;
+
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    $lhs,
+    { -keyword => $op },
+    $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+      '(',
+      $self->join_query_parts(', ', @rhs),
+      ')'
+    ),
   );
 }
 
 sub _render_op_andor {
   my ($self, $op, $args) = @_;
-  my @parts = grep length($_->[0]), map [ $self->render_aqt($_) ], @$args;
-  return '' unless @parts;
-  return @{$parts[0]} if @parts == 1;
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_render_op_multop($op, $args);
-  return '( '.$sql.' )', @bind;
+  return undef unless @$args;
+  return $self->join_query_parts('', $args->[0]) if @$args == 1;
+  my $inner = $self->_render_op_multop($op, $args);
+  return undef unless defined($inner->[0]) and length($inner->[0]);
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    '(', $inner, ')'
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_op_multop {
   my ($self, $op, $args) = @_;
-  my @parts = grep length($_->[0]), map [ $self->render_aqt($_) ], @$args;
-  return '' unless @parts;
-  return @{$parts[0]} if @parts == 1;
-  my ($final_sql) = join(
-    ($op eq ',' ? '' : ' ').$self->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $op).' ',
-    map $_->[0], @parts
+  my @parts = @$args;
+  return undef unless @parts;
+  return $self->render_aqt($parts[0]) if @parts == 1;
+  my $join = ($op eq ','
+                ? ', '
+                : { -keyword => " ${op} " }
+             );
+  return $self->join_query_parts($join, @parts);
+}
+
+sub _render_values {
+  my ($self, undef, $values) = @_;
+  my $inner = $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    { -keyword => 'values' },
+    $self->join_query_parts(', ',
+      ref($values) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$values : $values
+    ),
   );
-  return (
-    $final_sql,
-    map @{$_}[1..$#$_], @parts
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    (our $Render_Top_Level ? $inner : ('(', $inner, ')'))
   );
 }
-sub _render_op_not {
+
+sub join_query_parts {
+  my ($self, $join, @parts) = @_;
+  if (ref($join) eq 'HASH') {
+    $join = $self->render_aqt($join)->[0];
+  }
+  my @final = map +(
+    ref($_) eq 'HASH'
+      ? $self->render_aqt($_)
+      : ((ref($_) eq 'ARRAY') ? $_ : [ $_ ])
+  ), @parts;
+  return [
+    $self->{join_sql_parts}->(
+      $join, grep defined && length, map $_->[0], @final
+    ),
+    (map @{$_}[1..$#$_], @final),
+  ];
+}
+
+sub _render_unop_paren {
   my ($self, $op, $v) = @_;
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_render_unop_prefix($op, $v);
-  return "(${sql})", @bind;
+  return $self->join_query_parts('',
+    '(', $self->_render_unop_prefix($op, $v), ')'
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_unop_prefix {
   my ($self, $op, $v) = @_;
-  my ($expr_sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt($v->[0]);
-
-  my $op_sql = $self->_sqlcase($op); # join ' ', split '_', $op);
-  return ("${op_sql} ${expr_sql}", @bind);
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    $self->_sqlcase($op), $v->[0]
+  );
 }
 
 sub _render_unop_postfix {
   my ($self, $op, $v) = @_;
-  my ($expr_sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt($v->[0]);
-  my $op_sql = $self->_sqlcase(join ' ', split '_', $op);
-  return ($expr_sql.' '.$op_sql, @bind);
+  return $self->join_query_parts(' ',
+    $v->[0], { -keyword => $op },
+  );
 }
 
 # Some databases (SQLite) treat col IN (1, 2) different from
@@ -1271,6 +1618,9 @@ sub _expand_order_by {
 
   return unless defined($arg) and not (ref($arg) eq 'ARRAY' and !@$arg);
 
+  return $self->expand_maybe_list_expr($arg)
+    if ref($arg) eq 'HASH' and ($arg->{-op}||[''])->[0] eq ',';
+
   my $expander = sub {
     my ($self, $dir, $expr) = @_;
     my @to_expand = ref($expr) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$expr : $expr;
@@ -1293,7 +1643,7 @@ sub _expand_order_by {
     return +{ -op => [ ',', @exp ] };
   };
 
-  local @{$self->{expand}}{qw(-asc -desc)} = (($expander) x 2);
+  local @{$self->{expand}}{qw(asc desc)} = (($expander) x 2);
 
   return $self->$expander(undef, $arg);
 }
@@ -1303,13 +1653,13 @@ sub _order_by {
 
   return '' unless defined(my $expanded = $self->_expand_order_by($arg));
 
-  my ($sql, @bind) = $self->render_aqt($expanded);
+  my ($sql, @bind) = @{ $self->render_aqt($expanded) };
 
   return '' unless length($sql);
 
   my $final_sql = $self->_sqlcase(' order by ').$sql;
 
-  return wantarray ? ($final_sql, @bind) : $final_sql;
+  return ($final_sql, @bind);
 }
 
 # _order_by no longer needs to call this so doesn't but DBIC uses it.
@@ -1319,13 +1669,15 @@ sub _order_by_chunks {
 
   return () unless defined(my $expanded = $self->_expand_order_by($arg));
 
-  return $self->_chunkify_order_by($expanded);
+  my @res = $self->_chunkify_order_by($expanded);
+  (ref() ? $_->[0] : $_) .= '' for @res;
+  return @res;
 }
 
 sub _chunkify_order_by {
   my ($self, $expanded) = @_;
 
-  return grep length, $self->render_aqt($expanded)
+  return grep length, @{ $self->render_aqt($expanded) }
     if $expanded->{-ident} or @{$expanded->{-literal}||[]} == 1;
 
   for ($expanded) {
@@ -1333,7 +1685,7 @@ sub _chunkify_order_by {
       my ($comma, @list) = @{$_->{-op}};
       return map $self->_chunkify_order_by($_), @list;
     }
-    return [ $self->render_aqt($_) ];
+    return $self->render_aqt($_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1344,9 +1696,9 @@ sub _chunkify_order_by {
 sub _table  {
   my $self = shift;
   my $from = shift;
-  ($self->render_aqt(
-    $self->_expand_maybe_list_expr($from, -ident)
-  ))[0];
+  $self->render_aqt(
+    $self->expand_maybe_list_expr($from, -ident)
+  )->[0];
 }
 
 
@@ -1354,8 +1706,12 @@ sub _table  {
 # UTILITY FUNCTIONS
 #======================================================================
 
-sub _expand_maybe_list_expr {
+sub expand_maybe_list_expr {
   my ($self, $expr, $default) = @_;
+  return { -op => [
+    ',', map $self->expand_expr($_, $default), 
+          @{$expr->{-op}}[1..$#{$expr->{-op}}]
+  ] } if ref($expr) eq 'HASH' and ($expr->{-op}||[''])->[0] eq ',';
   return +{ -op => [ ',',
     map $self->expand_expr($_, $default),
       ref($expr) eq 'ARRAY' ? @$expr : $expr
@@ -1410,8 +1766,11 @@ sub _quote {
 # Conversion, if applicable
 sub _convert {
   #my ($self, $arg) = @_;
-  if ($_[0]->{convert_where}) {
-    return $_[0]->_sqlcase($_[0]->{convert_where}) .'(' . $_[1] . ')';
+  if (my $conv = $_[0]->{convert_where}) {
+    return @{ $_[0]->join_query_parts('',
+      $_[0]->_sqlcase($conv),
+      '(' , $_[1] , ')'
+    ) };
   }
   return $_[1];
 }
@@ -1464,7 +1823,6 @@ sub _sqlcase {
   return $_[0]->{case} ? $_[1] : uc($_[1]);
 }
 
-
 #======================================================================
 # DISPATCHING FROM REFKIND
 #======================================================================
@@ -1647,6 +2005,7 @@ sub AUTOLOAD {
     # This allows us to check for a local, then _form, attr
     my $self = shift;
     my($name) = $AUTOLOAD =~ /.*::(.+)/;
+    puke "AUTOLOAD invoked for method name ${name} and allow_autoload option not set" unless $self->{allow_autoload};
     return $self->generate($name, @_);
 }