6 use 5.008001; # probably works with earlier versions but I'm not supporting them
7 # (patches would, of course, be welcome)
13 our $VERSION = '1.008007'; # 1.8.4
15 our @KNOWN_FLAGS = qw(--self-contained --deactivate --deactivate-all);
17 sub DEACTIVATE_ONE () { 1 }
18 sub DEACTIVATE_ALL () { 2 }
20 sub INTERPOLATE_ENV () { 1 }
21 sub LITERAL_ENV () { 0 }
24 my ($class, @args) = @_;
26 # Remember what PERL5LIB was when we started
27 my $perl5lib = $ENV{PERL5LIB} || '';
31 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
34 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
35 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
36 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
37 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
38 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
39 dashes with normal minus signs.
42 elsif(grep { $arg eq $_ } @KNOWN_FLAGS) {
43 (my $flag = $arg) =~ s/--//;
44 $arg_store{$flag} = 1;
46 elsif($arg =~ /^--/) {
47 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
50 # assume that what's left is a path
51 $arg_store{path} = $arg;
55 if($arg_store{'self-contained'}) {
56 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
60 if ($arg_store{deactivate}) {
61 $deactivating = DEACTIVATE_ONE;
63 if ($arg_store{'deactivate-all'}) {
64 $deactivating = DEACTIVATE_ALL;
67 $arg_store{path} = $class->resolve_path($arg_store{path});
68 $class->setup_local_lib_for($arg_store{path}, $deactivating);
70 for (@INC) { # Untaint @INC
71 next if ref; # Skip entry if it is an ARRAY, CODE, blessed, etc.
80 my $last = pop(@methods);
83 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
84 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
101 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
102 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
103 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
111 grep { ! $seen{$_}++ } @_;
115 my ($class, $path) = @_;
116 $class->${pipeline qw(
117 resolve_relative_path
123 sub resolve_empty_path {
124 my ($class, $path) = @_;
134 #:: test classmethod setup
136 my $c = 'local::lib';
144 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
145 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
151 sub resolve_home_path {
152 my ($class, $path) = @_;
153 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
154 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
155 my $tried_file_homedir;
157 if (eval { require File::HomeDir } && $File::HomeDir::VERSION >= 0.65) {
158 $tried_file_homedir = 1;
160 File::HomeDir->users_home($user);
162 File::HomeDir->my_home;
168 if (defined $ENV{HOME}) {
176 unless (defined $homedir) {
179 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
180 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
181 .($tried_file_homedir ? '' : ' - consider installing File::HomeDir')
184 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
188 sub resolve_relative_path {
189 my ($class, $path) = @_;
190 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
197 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
198 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
204 sub setup_local_lib_for {
205 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
207 my $interpolate = LITERAL_ENV;
208 my @active_lls = $class->active_paths;
210 $class->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
212 # On Win32 directories often contain spaces. But some parts of the CPAN
213 # toolchain don't like that. To avoid this, GetShortPathName() gives us
214 # an alternate representation that has none.
215 # This only works if the directory already exists.
216 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path) if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
218 if (! $deactivating) {
219 if (@active_lls && $active_lls[-1] eq $path) {
221 return; # Asked to add what's already at the top of the stack
222 } elsif (grep { $_ eq $path} @active_lls) {
223 # Asked to add a dir that's lower in the stack -- so we remove it from
224 # where it is, and then add it back at the top.
225 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path, DEACTIVATE_ONE);
226 # Which means we can no longer output "PERL5LIB=...:$PERL5LIB" stuff
227 # anymore because we're taking something *out*.
228 $interpolate = INTERPOLATE_ENV;
233 $class->print_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, $interpolate);
236 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path, $deactivating);
237 @INC = _uniq(split($Config{path_sep}, $ENV{PERL5LIB}), @INC);
241 sub install_base_bin_path {
242 my ($class, $path) = @_;
243 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
246 sub install_base_perl_path {
247 my ($class, $path) = @_;
248 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
251 sub install_base_arch_path {
252 my ($class, $path) = @_;
253 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $Config{archname});
256 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
257 my ($class, $path) = @_;
259 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
261 File::Path::mkpath($path);
265 sub guess_shelltype {
267 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
268 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
269 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
272 local $_ = $shellbin;
280 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
281 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
282 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
283 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
285 local $_ = $shellbin;
288 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
290 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
300 sub print_environment_vars_for {
301 my ($class, $path, $deactivating, $interpolate) = @_;
302 print $class->environment_vars_string_for($path, $deactivating, $interpolate);
305 sub environment_vars_string_for {
306 my ($class, $path, $deactivating, $interpolate) = @_;
307 my @envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, $interpolate);
310 # rather basic csh detection, goes on the assumption that something won't
311 # call itself csh unless it really is. also, default to bourne in the
312 # pathological situation where a user doesn't have $ENV{SHELL} defined.
313 # note also that shells with funny names, like zoid, are assumed to be
316 my $shelltype = $class->guess_shelltype;
319 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
320 $value =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g if defined $value;
321 $out .= $class->${\"build_${shelltype}_env_declaration"}($name, $value);
326 # simple routines that take two arguments: an %ENV key and a value. return
327 # strings that are suitable for passing directly to the relevant shell to set
328 # said key to said value.
329 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
331 my($name, $value) = @_;
332 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}";\n} : qq{unset ${name};\n};
335 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
337 my($name, $value) = @_;
338 return defined($value) ? qq{setenv ${name} "${value}"\n} : qq{unsetenv ${name}\n};
341 sub build_win32_env_declaration {
343 my($name, $value) = @_;
344 return defined($value) ? qq{set ${name}=${value}\n} : qq{set ${name}=\n};
347 sub setup_env_hash_for {
348 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
349 my %envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, INTERPOLATE_ENV);
350 @ENV{keys %envs} = values %envs;
353 sub build_environment_vars_for {
354 my ($class, $path, $deactivating, $interpolate) = @_;
356 if ($deactivating == DEACTIVATE_ONE) {
357 return $class->build_deactivate_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
358 } elsif ($deactivating == DEACTIVATE_ALL) {
359 return $class->build_deact_all_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
361 return $class->build_activate_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
365 # Build an environment value for a variable like PATH from a list of paths.
366 # References to existing variables are given as references to the variable name.
367 # Duplicates are removed.
370 # - interpolate: INTERPOLATE_ENV/LITERAL_ENV
371 # - exists: paths are included only if they exist (default: interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV)
372 # - filter: function to apply to each path do decide if it must be included
373 # - empty: the value to return in the case of empty value
374 my %ENV_LIST_VALUE_DEFAULTS = (
375 interpolate => INTERPOLATE_ENV,
380 sub _env_list_value {
382 die(sprintf "unknown option '$_' at %s line %u\n", (caller)[1..2])
383 for grep { !exists $ENV_LIST_VALUE_DEFAULTS{$_} } keys %$options;
384 my %options = (%ENV_LIST_VALUE_DEFAULTS, %{ $options });
385 $options{exists} = $options{interpolate} == INTERPOLATE_ENV
386 unless defined $options{exists};
390 my $value = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
391 ref $_ ? ($^O eq 'MSWin32' ? "%${$_}%" : "\$${$_}") : $_
393 ref $_ || (defined $_
396 && $options{filter}->($_)
397 && (!$options{exists} || -e $_))
399 if (ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' && $options{interpolate} == INTERPOLATE_ENV) {
400 exists $ENV{${$_}} ? (split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{${$_}}) : ()
405 return length($value) ? $value : $options{empty};
408 sub build_activate_environment_vars_for {
409 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
411 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT =>
413 { interpolate => $interpolate, exists => 0, empty => '' },
414 \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT',
417 PERL_MB_OPT => "--install_base ${path}",
418 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${path}",
421 { interpolate => $interpolate, exists => 0, empty => '' },
422 $class->install_base_arch_path($path),
423 $class->install_base_perl_path($path),
426 PATH => _env_list_value(
427 { interpolate => $interpolate, exists => 0, empty => '' },
428 $class->install_base_bin_path($path),
437 return () unless defined $ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT};
438 return grep { $_ ne '' } split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT};
441 sub build_deactivate_environment_vars_for {
442 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
444 my @active_lls = $class->active_paths;
446 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
447 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
451 my $perl_path = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
452 my $arch_path = $class->install_base_arch_path($path);
453 my $bin_path = $class->install_base_bin_path($path);
457 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => _env_list_value(
461 grep { $_ ne $path } @active_lls
463 PERL5LIB => _env_list_value(
467 $_ ne $perl_path && $_ ne $arch_path
472 PATH => _env_list_value(
475 filter => sub { $_ ne $bin_path },
481 # If removing ourselves from the "top of the stack", set install paths to
482 # correspond with the new top of stack.
483 if ($active_lls[-1] eq $path) {
484 my $new_top = $active_lls[-2];
485 $env{PERL_MB_OPT} = defined($new_top) ? "--install_base ${new_top}" : undef;
486 $env{PERL_MM_OPT} = defined($new_top) ? "INSTALL_BASE=${new_top}" : undef;
492 sub build_deact_all_environment_vars_for {
493 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
495 my @active_lls = $class->active_paths;
497 my %perl_paths = map { (
498 $class->install_base_perl_path($_) => 1,
499 $class->install_base_arch_path($_) => 1
501 my %bin_paths = map { (
502 $class->install_base_bin_path($_) => 1,
506 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => undef,
507 PERL_MM_OPT => undef,
508 PERL_MB_OPT => undef,
509 PERL5LIB => _env_list_value(
513 ! scalar grep { exists $perl_paths{$_} } $_[0]
518 PATH => _env_list_value(
522 ! scalar grep { exists $bin_paths{$_} } $_[0]
536 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
538 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
540 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
548 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
554 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
556 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
560 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
564 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
565 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
567 # Just print out useful shell commands
569 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
570 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
571 export PERL5LIB='/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5/i386-linux:/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5'
572 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
574 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
576 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
577 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
578 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
579 local::lib in your home directory.
581 If you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
582 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
583 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
584 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
586 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
588 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
590 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
591 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
592 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
597 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
599 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
600 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
602 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
603 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
605 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
607 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
609 make test && make install
611 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
612 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
613 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
616 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
618 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
623 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
625 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to give that as
626 import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this way:
628 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
630 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
631 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
632 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
634 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
635 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
636 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
638 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
640 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
641 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
642 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
643 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
647 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
648 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
649 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
653 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
654 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
655 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
657 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
659 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
660 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
661 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
662 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
663 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
664 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
665 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
667 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
668 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
669 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
670 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
671 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
672 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
673 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
676 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
680 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
681 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
683 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
685 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
687 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
688 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
690 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
691 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
692 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
693 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5;C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5\MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
694 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
696 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
697 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
698 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
700 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
701 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
703 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
704 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
705 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
706 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
707 and the subdirectories are created.
711 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
712 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
713 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
714 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
715 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
716 around to packaging up the version you need.
718 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
719 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
720 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
721 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
722 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
723 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
724 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
726 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
727 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
728 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
733 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
734 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
735 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
736 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
737 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
740 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
741 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
742 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
743 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
744 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
746 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
759 PATH is appended to, rather than clobbered.
763 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
765 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
767 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
768 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
769 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
773 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
774 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
775 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
779 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
780 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
782 =head2 --deactivate-all
784 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
789 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
793 =item Arguments: $path
795 =item Return value: None
799 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
800 an exception on failure.
802 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
806 =item Arguments: $path
808 =item Return value: None
812 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
813 given path as the base directory.
815 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
819 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
821 =item Return value: \%environment_vars
825 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
826 given path as the base directory.
828 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
832 =item Arguments: $path
834 =item Return value: None
838 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
839 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
845 =item Arguments: None
847 =item Return value: @paths
851 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
852 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable.
854 =head2 install_base_perl_path
858 =item Arguments: $path
860 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
864 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
865 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
868 =head2 install_base_arch_path
872 =item Arguments: $path
874 =item Return value: $install_base_arch_path
878 Returns a path describing where to install the architecture-specific Perl
879 modules for this local library installation. Based on the
880 L</install_base_perl_path> method's return value, and appends the value of
881 C<$Config{archname}>.
883 =head2 install_base_bin_path
887 =item Arguments: $path
889 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
893 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
894 local library installation. Based on the L</install_base_perl_path> method's
895 return value, and appends the directory C<bin>.
897 =head2 resolve_empty_path
901 =item Arguments: $path
903 =item Return value: $base_path
907 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
908 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
910 =head2 resolve_home_path
914 =item Arguments: $path
916 =item Return value: $home_path
920 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
921 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
923 =head2 resolve_relative_path
927 =item Arguments: $path
929 =item Return value: $absolute_path
933 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
939 =item Arguments: $path
941 =item Return value: $absolute_path
945 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
946 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
947 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
948 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
949 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
950 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
951 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
954 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
956 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
957 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
958 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
959 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
960 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
961 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
962 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
966 The perl toolchain is unable to handle directory names with spaces in it,
967 so you cant put your local::lib bootstrap into a directory with spaces. What
968 you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces B<after> you
969 installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be aware that you
970 cant update or install CPAN modules after the move.
972 Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
973 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
974 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
975 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
977 Bootstrap is a hack and will use CPAN.pm for ExtUtils::MakeMaker even if you
978 have CPANPLUS installed.
980 Kills any existing PERL5LIB, PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
982 Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
984 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
986 On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment variables
987 to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
989 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
991 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
992 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
993 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
994 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
995 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
996 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
997 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
999 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1001 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1003 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1013 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1014 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1016 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1024 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1028 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1030 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1034 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1035 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1037 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1038 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by Torsten Raudssus
1039 <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1041 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1042 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1043 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1044 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1045 properly. Many, many thanks!
1047 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1048 section. Many thanks!
1050 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1052 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1053 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1055 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1056 '--self-contained' option.
1058 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1059 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1061 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc patches contributed by Breno
1062 G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1064 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1065 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1067 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1071 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1076 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms