11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg eq '--no-create' ) {
51 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
52 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
55 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
59 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
62 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
65 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
66 $self = $self->$method(@args);
70 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
74 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
85 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
88 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
89 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
90 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
91 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
92 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
93 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
94 sub no_create { $_[0]->{no_create} }
96 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
97 my $_version = $Config{version};
98 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
99 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
104 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
105 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
108 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
111 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
114 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
115 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
119 [$_version, $_archname],
122 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
126 sub install_base_bin_path {
127 my ($class, $path) = @_;
128 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
130 sub install_base_perl_path {
131 my ($class, $path) = @_;
132 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
134 sub install_base_arch_path {
135 my ($class, $path) = @_;
136 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
140 my ($class, $path) = @_;
141 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
142 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
145 sub _mm_escape_path {
147 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
148 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
149 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
154 sub _mb_escape_path {
156 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
160 sub installer_options_for {
161 my ($class, $path) = @_;
163 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
164 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
170 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
173 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
174 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
175 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
176 } _as_list($self->roots);
181 my ($self, $path) = @_;
182 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
183 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
185 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
187 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
188 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
193 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
194 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
195 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
196 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
199 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
206 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
208 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
213 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
214 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
215 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
216 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
217 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
218 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
219 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
223 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
229 my ($self, $path) = @_;
230 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
231 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
232 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path)
233 unless $self->no_create;
235 $path = ( Win32::GetShortPathName($path) || $path )
238 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
240 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
241 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
245 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
246 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
247 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
248 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
251 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
257 my ($self, $path) = @_;
258 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
260 $self = $self->activate($path);
265 sub build_environment_vars_for {
266 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
268 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
269 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
270 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
275 sub setup_local_lib_for {
276 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
277 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
278 @INC = @{$self->inc};
281 sub setup_env_hash_for {
283 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
284 for my $key (keys %env) {
285 if (defined $env{$key}) {
286 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
294 sub print_environment_vars_for {
296 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
299 sub environment_vars_string_for {
300 my $self = _legacy(@_);
302 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
306 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
307 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
312 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
317 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
318 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
322 && defined $value ? $value eq $ENV{$name} : !defined $ENV{$name}
326 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
331 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
332 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
333 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
335 ? qq{export ${name}="${value}";\n}
336 : qq{unset ${name};\n};
338 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
339 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
340 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args, undef, undef, '"', qq{"\\"});
341 (join '', map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars)
343 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
344 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n};
346 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
347 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
348 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%', qr([()!^"<>&|]), '^');
350 ? qq{set $name=$value\n}
353 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
354 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
355 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:', '', '"', '`');
357 ? qq{\$env:$name = "$value"\n}
358 : "Remove-Item Env:\\$name\n";
363 my ($class, $args, $start, $end, $escape, $escape_char) = @_;
365 unless defined $args;
370 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
371 $end = '' unless defined $end;
372 $escape = '"' unless defined $escape;
373 $escape_char = "\\" unless defined $escape_char;
375 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
376 if (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') {
382 $str =~ s/($escape)/$escape_char$1/g;
386 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
393 my $last = pop(@methods);
396 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
397 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
414 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
415 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
416 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
423 my ($class, $path) = @_;
425 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
426 resolve_relative_path
434 sub resolve_empty_path {
435 my ($class, $path) = @_;
445 #:: test classmethod setup
447 my $c = 'local::lib';
455 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
456 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
462 sub resolve_home_path {
463 my ($class, $path) = @_;
464 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
465 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
467 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
472 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
475 unless (defined $homedir) {
478 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
479 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
482 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
486 sub resolve_relative_path {
487 my ($class, $path) = @_;
488 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
495 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
496 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
502 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
503 my ($class, $path) = @_;
505 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
507 require File::Basename;
511 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
513 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
521 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
523 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
525 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
531 sub guess_shelltype {
533 = defined $ENV{SHELL}
534 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{SHELL}))[-1]
535 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && exists $ENV{'!EXITCODE'} )
537 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && $ENV{PROMPT} && $ENV{COMSPEC} )
538 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{COMSPEC}))[-1]
539 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && !$ENV{PROMPT} )
546 : /command\.com/ ? 'cmd'
549 : /powershell\.exe/ ? 'powershell'
561 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
567 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
569 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
573 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
577 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
578 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
580 # Just print out useful shell commands
582 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
583 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
584 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
585 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
587 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
589 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
590 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
591 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
592 local::lib in your home directory.
594 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
595 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
596 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
597 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
599 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
601 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
603 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
604 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
605 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
610 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
612 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
613 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
615 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
616 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
618 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
620 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
622 make test && make install
624 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
625 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
626 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
629 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
631 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
636 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
638 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
639 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
642 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
644 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
645 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
646 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
648 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
649 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
650 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
652 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
654 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
655 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
656 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
657 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
661 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
662 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
663 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
667 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
668 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
669 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
671 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
673 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
674 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
675 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
676 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
677 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
678 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
679 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
681 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
682 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
683 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
684 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
685 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
686 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
687 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
690 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
694 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
695 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
697 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
699 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
701 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
702 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
704 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
705 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
706 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
707 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
708 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
710 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
711 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
712 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
714 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
715 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
717 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
718 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
719 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
720 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
721 and the subdirectories are created.
725 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
726 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
727 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
728 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
729 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
730 around to packaging up the version you need.
732 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
733 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
734 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
735 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
736 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
737 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
738 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
740 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
741 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
742 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
747 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
748 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
749 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
750 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
751 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
754 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
755 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
756 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
757 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
758 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
760 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
775 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
777 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
779 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
781 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
782 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
783 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
787 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
788 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
789 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
793 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
794 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
796 =head2 --deactivate-all
798 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
803 Specify the shell type to use for output. By default, the shell will be
804 detected based on the environment. Should be one of: C<bourne>, C<csh>,
805 C<cmd>, or C<powershell>.
809 Prevents C<local::lib> from creating directories when activating dirs. This is
810 likely to cause issues on Win32 systems.
814 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
818 =item Arguments: $path
820 =item Return value: None
824 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
825 an exception on failure.
827 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
831 =item Arguments: $path
833 =item Return value: None
837 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
838 given path as the base directory.
840 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
844 =item Arguments: $path
846 =item Return value: %environment_vars
850 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
851 given path as the base directory.
853 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
857 =item Arguments: $path
859 =item Return value: None
863 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
864 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
870 =item Arguments: None
872 =item Return value: @paths
876 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
877 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
878 what is really in C<@INC>.
880 =head2 install_base_perl_path
884 =item Arguments: $path
886 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
890 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
891 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
894 =head2 install_base_bin_path
898 =item Arguments: $path
900 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
904 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
905 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
907 =head2 resolve_empty_path
911 =item Arguments: $path
913 =item Return value: $base_path
917 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
918 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
920 =head2 resolve_home_path
924 =item Arguments: $path
926 =item Return value: $home_path
930 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
931 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
933 =head2 resolve_relative_path
937 =item Arguments: $path
939 =item Return value: $absolute_path
943 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
949 =item Arguments: $path
951 =item Return value: $absolute_path
955 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
956 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
957 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
958 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
959 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
960 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
961 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
964 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
966 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
967 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
968 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
969 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
970 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
971 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
972 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
978 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
979 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
980 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
981 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
982 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
983 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
985 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
986 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
987 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
988 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
990 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
992 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
996 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
1000 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
1001 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
1005 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
1007 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
1008 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
1009 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
1010 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
1011 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
1012 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
1013 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
1015 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1017 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1019 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1029 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1030 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1032 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1040 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1048 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1052 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1054 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1058 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1059 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1061 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1062 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1063 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1065 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1066 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1067 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1068 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1069 properly. Many, many thanks!
1071 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1072 section. Many thanks!
1074 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1076 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1077 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1079 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1080 '--self-contained' option.
1082 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1083 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1085 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1086 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1088 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1089 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1091 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1092 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1096 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1101 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1102 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.