11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg eq '--no-create' ) {
51 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
52 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
55 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
59 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
62 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
65 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
66 $self = $self->$method(@args);
70 $self->print_environment_vars;
74 $self->setup_local_lib;
85 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
88 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
89 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
90 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
91 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
92 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
93 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
94 sub no_create { $_[0]->{no_create} }
96 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
97 my $_version = $Config{version};
98 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
99 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
104 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
105 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
108 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
111 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
114 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
115 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
119 [$_version, $_archname],
122 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
126 sub install_base_bin_path {
127 my ($class, $path) = @_;
128 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
130 sub install_base_perl_path {
131 my ($class, $path) = @_;
132 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
134 sub install_base_arch_path {
135 my ($class, $path) = @_;
136 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
140 my ($class, $path) = @_;
141 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
142 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
145 sub _mm_escape_path {
147 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
148 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
149 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
154 sub _mb_escape_path {
156 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
160 sub installer_options_for {
161 my ($class, $path) = @_;
163 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
164 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
170 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
173 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
174 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
175 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
176 } _as_list($self->roots);
181 my ($self, $path) = @_;
182 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
183 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
184 $path = $self->normalize_path($path);
186 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
188 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
189 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
194 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
195 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
196 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
197 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
200 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
207 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
209 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
214 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
215 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
216 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
217 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
218 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
219 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
220 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
224 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
230 my ($self, $path) = @_;
231 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
232 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
233 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path)
234 unless $self->no_create;
236 $path = $self->normalize_path($path);
238 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
240 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls[1 .. $#active_lls]) {
241 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
245 if (!@active_lls || $active_lls[0] ne $path) {
247 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
248 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
249 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
250 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
254 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
260 my ($self, $path) = @_;
261 $path = ( Win32::GetShortPathName($path) || $path )
266 sub build_environment_vars_for {
267 my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1]);
268 $self->build_environment_vars;
270 sub build_environment_vars {
273 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
274 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
275 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
280 sub setup_local_lib_for {
281 my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1]);
282 $self->setup_local_lib;
285 sub setup_local_lib {
287 $self->setup_env_hash;
288 @INC = @{$self->inc};
291 sub setup_env_hash_for {
292 my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1]);
293 $self->setup_env_hash;
297 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars;
298 for my $key (keys %env) {
299 if (defined $env{$key}) {
300 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
308 sub print_environment_vars_for {
309 my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1]);
310 $self->print_environment_vars;
312 sub print_environment_vars {
314 print $self->environment_vars_string;
317 sub environment_vars_string_for {
318 my $self = $_[0]->new->activate($_[1]);
319 $self->environment_vars_string;
321 sub environment_vars_string {
324 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
328 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
329 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
334 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
339 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
340 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
346 ? (defined $ENV{$name} && $value eq $ENV{$name})
347 : !defined $ENV{$name}
351 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
353 my $wrap_method = 'wrap_' . $self->shelltype . '_output';
354 if ($self->can($wrap_method)) {
355 return $self->$wrap_method($out);
360 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
361 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
362 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$%s', '"', '\\%s');
364 if (!defined $value) {
365 return qq{unset $name;\n};
368 $value =~ s/(^|\G|$_path_sep)\$$name$_path_sep/$1\$$name\${$name+$_path_sep}/g;
369 $value =~ s/$_path_sep\$$name$/\${$name+$_path_sep}\$$name/;
371 qq{export ${name}="$value";\n}
374 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
375 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
376 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args, '$%s', '"', '"\\%s"');
377 if (!defined $value) {
378 return qq{unsetenv $name;\n};
382 for my $var (@vars) {
383 $out .= qq{if ! \$?$name setenv $name '';\n};
386 my $value_without = $value;
387 if ($value_without =~ s/(?:^|$_path_sep)\$$name(?:$_path_sep|$)//g) {
388 $out .= qq{if "\$$name" != '' setenv $name "$value";\n};
389 $out .= qq{if "\$$name" == '' };
391 $out .= qq{setenv $name "$value_without";\n};
395 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
396 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
397 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%%%s%%', qr([()!^"<>&|]), '^%s');
399 return qq{\@set $name=\n};
403 my $value_without = $value;
404 if ($value_without =~ s/(?:^|$_path_sep)%$name%(?:$_path_sep|$)//g) {
405 $out .= qq{\@if not "%$name%"=="" set $name=$value\n};
406 $out .= qq{\@if "%$name%"=="" };
408 $out .= qq{\@set $name=$value_without\n};
412 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
413 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
414 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:%s', '"', '`%s');
417 return qq{Remove-Item Env:\\$name;\n};
420 my $maybe_path_sep = qq{\$(if("\$env:$name"-eq""){""}else{"$_path_sep"})};
421 $value =~ s/(^|\G|$_path_sep)\$env:$name$_path_sep/$1\$env:$name"+$maybe_path_sep+"/g;
422 $value =~ s/$_path_sep\$env:$name$/"+$maybe_path_sep+\$env:$name+"/;
424 qq{\$env:$name = \$("$value");\n};
426 sub wrap_powershell_output {
427 my ($class, $out) = @_;
428 return $out || " \n";
432 my ($class, $args, $var_pat, $escape, $escape_pat) = @_;
434 unless defined $args;
435 my @args = ref $args ? @$args : $args;
438 my @vars = map { $$_ } grep { ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' } @args;
439 my $string = join $_path_sep, map {
440 ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' ? sprintf($var_pat, $$_) : do {
441 s/($escape)/sprintf($escape_pat, $1)/ge; $_;
444 return wantarray ? ($string, \@vars) : $string;
451 my $last = pop(@methods);
454 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
455 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
472 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
473 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
474 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
481 my ($class, $path) = @_;
483 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
484 resolve_relative_path
492 sub resolve_empty_path {
493 my ($class, $path) = @_;
503 #:: test classmethod setup
505 my $c = 'local::lib';
513 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
514 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
520 sub resolve_home_path {
521 my ($class, $path) = @_;
522 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
523 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
525 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
530 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
533 unless (defined $homedir) {
536 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
537 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
540 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
544 sub resolve_relative_path {
545 my ($class, $path) = @_;
546 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
553 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
554 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
560 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
561 my ($class, $path) = @_;
563 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
565 require File::Basename;
569 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
571 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
579 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
581 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
583 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
589 sub guess_shelltype {
591 = defined $ENV{SHELL}
592 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{SHELL}))[-1]
593 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && exists $ENV{'!EXITCODE'} )
595 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && $ENV{PROMPT} && $ENV{COMSPEC} )
596 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{COMSPEC}))[-1]
597 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && !$ENV{PROMPT} )
604 : /command\.com/i ? 'cmd'
605 : /cmd\.exe/i ? 'cmd'
606 : /4nt\.exe/i ? 'cmd'
607 : /powershell\.exe/i ? 'powershell'
619 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
625 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
627 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
631 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
635 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
636 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
638 # Just print out useful shell commands
640 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
641 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
642 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
643 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
645 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
647 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
648 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
649 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
650 local::lib in your home directory.
652 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
653 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
654 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
655 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
657 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
659 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
661 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
662 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
663 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
668 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
670 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
671 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
673 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
674 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
676 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
678 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
680 make test && make install
682 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
683 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
684 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
687 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
689 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
694 echo 'eval `perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib`' >> ~/.cshrc
696 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
697 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
700 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
702 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
703 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
704 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
706 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
707 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
708 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
710 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
712 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
713 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
714 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
715 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
719 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
720 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
721 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
725 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
726 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
727 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
729 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
731 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
732 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
733 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
734 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
735 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
736 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
737 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
739 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
740 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
741 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
742 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
743 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
744 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
745 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
748 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
752 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
753 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
755 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
757 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
759 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
760 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
762 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
763 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
764 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
765 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
766 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
768 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
769 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
770 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
772 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add them to the
773 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
775 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
776 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
777 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
778 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
779 and the subdirectories are created.
783 local::lib also supports PowerShell, and an be used with the
784 C<Invoke-Expression> cmdlet.
786 Invoke-Expression "$(perl -Mlocal::lib)"
790 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
791 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
792 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
793 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
794 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
795 around to packaging up the version you need.
797 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
798 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
799 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
800 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
801 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
802 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
803 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
805 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
806 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
807 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
812 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
813 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
814 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
815 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
816 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
819 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
820 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
821 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
822 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
823 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
825 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
840 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
842 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
844 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
846 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
847 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
848 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
852 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
853 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
854 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
858 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
859 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
861 =head2 --deactivate-all
863 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
868 Specify the shell type to use for output. By default, the shell will be
869 detected based on the environment. Should be one of: C<bourne>, C<csh>,
870 C<cmd>, or C<powershell>.
874 Prevents C<local::lib> from creating directories when activating dirs. This is
875 likely to cause issues on Win32 systems.
879 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
883 =item Arguments: $path
885 =item Return value: None
889 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
890 an exception on failure.
892 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
896 =item Arguments: $path
898 =item Return value: None
902 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
903 given path as the base directory.
905 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
909 =item Arguments: $path
911 =item Return value: %environment_vars
915 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
916 given path as the base directory.
918 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
922 =item Arguments: $path
924 =item Return value: None
928 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
929 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
935 =item Arguments: None
937 =item Return value: @paths
941 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
942 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
943 what is really in C<@INC>.
945 =head2 install_base_perl_path
949 =item Arguments: $path
951 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
955 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
956 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
959 =head2 install_base_bin_path
963 =item Arguments: $path
965 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
969 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
970 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
972 =head2 resolve_empty_path
976 =item Arguments: $path
978 =item Return value: $base_path
982 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
983 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
985 =head2 resolve_home_path
989 =item Arguments: $path
991 =item Return value: $home_path
995 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
996 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
998 =head2 resolve_relative_path
1002 =item Arguments: $path
1004 =item Return value: $absolute_path
1008 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
1014 =item Arguments: $path
1016 =item Return value: $absolute_path
1020 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
1021 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
1022 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
1023 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
1024 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
1025 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
1026 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
1029 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
1031 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
1032 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
1033 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
1034 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
1035 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
1036 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
1037 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
1043 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
1044 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
1045 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
1046 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
1047 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
1048 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
1050 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
1051 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
1052 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
1053 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
1055 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
1057 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
1061 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
1065 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
1066 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
1070 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
1072 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
1073 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
1074 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
1075 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
1076 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
1077 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
1078 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
1080 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1082 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1084 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1094 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1095 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1097 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1105 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1113 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1117 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1119 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1123 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1124 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1126 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1127 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1128 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1130 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1131 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1132 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1133 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1134 properly. Many, many thanks!
1136 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1137 section. Many thanks!
1139 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1141 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1142 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1144 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1145 '--self-contained' option.
1147 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1148 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1150 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1151 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1153 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1154 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1156 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1157 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1161 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1166 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1167 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.