11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg eq '--no-create' ) {
51 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
52 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
55 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
59 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
62 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
65 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
66 $self = $self->$method(@args);
70 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
74 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
85 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
88 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
89 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
90 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
91 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
92 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
93 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
94 sub no_create { $_[0]->{no_create} }
96 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
97 my $_version = $Config{version};
98 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
99 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
104 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
105 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
108 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
111 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
112 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
113 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
117 [$_version, $_archname],
120 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
124 sub install_base_bin_path {
125 my ($class, $path) = @_;
126 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
128 sub install_base_perl_path {
129 my ($class, $path) = @_;
130 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
132 sub install_base_arch_path {
133 my ($class, $path) = @_;
134 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
138 my ($class, $path) = @_;
139 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
140 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
143 sub _mm_escape_path {
145 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
146 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
147 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
152 sub _mb_escape_path {
154 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
158 sub installer_options_for {
159 my ($class, $path) = @_;
161 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
162 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
168 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
171 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
172 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
173 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
174 } _as_list($self->roots);
179 my ($self, $path) = @_;
180 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
181 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
183 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
185 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
186 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
191 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
192 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
193 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
194 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
197 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
204 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
206 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
209 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
210 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
211 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
212 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
213 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
214 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
215 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
218 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
224 my ($self, $path) = @_;
225 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
226 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
227 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path)
228 unless $self->no_create;
230 $path = ( Win32::GetShortPathName($path) || $path )
233 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
235 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
236 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
240 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
241 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
242 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
243 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
246 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
252 my ($self, $path) = @_;
253 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
255 $self = $self->activate($path);
260 sub build_environment_vars_for {
261 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
263 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
264 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
265 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
270 sub setup_local_lib_for {
271 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
272 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
273 @INC = @{$self->inc};
276 sub setup_env_hash_for {
278 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
279 for my $key (keys %env) {
280 if (defined $env{$key}) {
281 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
289 sub print_environment_vars_for {
291 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
294 sub environment_vars_string_for {
295 my $self = _legacy(@_);
297 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
301 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
302 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
307 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
312 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
313 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
317 && defined $value ? $value eq $ENV{$name} : !defined $ENV{$name}
321 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
326 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
327 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
328 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
331 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n} : qq{unset ${name}\n};
333 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
334 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
335 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args);
336 @vars = grep { $_ ne $name || defined $value } @vars;
337 $value =~ s/"/"\\""/g
340 (map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars),
342 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
343 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n});
345 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
346 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
347 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%');
350 return qq{set $name=} . (defined($value) ? qq{"$value"} : '') . "\n";
352 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
353 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
354 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:');
355 if (defined $value) {
357 return qq{\$env:$name = "$value"\n};
359 return "Remove-Item Env:\\$name\n";
364 my ($class, $args, $start, $end) = @_;
366 unless defined $args;
371 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
372 $end = '' unless defined $end;
374 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
375 (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? do { push @vars, $$_; $start.$$_.$end }
378 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
385 my $last = pop(@methods);
388 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
389 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
406 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
407 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
408 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
415 my ($class, $path) = @_;
417 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
418 resolve_relative_path
426 sub resolve_empty_path {
427 my ($class, $path) = @_;
437 #:: test classmethod setup
439 my $c = 'local::lib';
447 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
448 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
454 sub resolve_home_path {
455 my ($class, $path) = @_;
456 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
457 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
459 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
464 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
467 unless (defined $homedir) {
470 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
471 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
474 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
478 sub resolve_relative_path {
479 my ($class, $path) = @_;
480 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
487 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
488 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
494 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
495 my ($class, $path) = @_;
497 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
499 require File::Basename;
503 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
505 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
513 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
515 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
517 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
523 sub guess_shelltype {
525 = defined $ENV{SHELL}
526 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{SHELL}))[-1]
527 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && exists $ENV{'!EXITCODE'} )
529 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && $ENV{PROMPT} && $ENV{COMSPEC} )
530 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{COMSPEC}))[-1]
531 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && !$ENV{PROMPT} )
538 : /command\.com/ ? 'cmd'
541 : /powershell\.exe/ ? 'powershell'
553 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
559 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
561 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
565 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
569 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
570 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
572 # Just print out useful shell commands
574 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
575 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
576 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
577 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
579 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
581 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
582 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
583 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
584 local::lib in your home directory.
586 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
587 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
588 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
589 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
591 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
593 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
595 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
596 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
597 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
602 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
604 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
605 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
607 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
608 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
610 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
612 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
614 make test && make install
616 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
617 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
618 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
621 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
623 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
628 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
630 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
631 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
634 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
636 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
637 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
638 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
640 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
641 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
642 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
644 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
646 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
647 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
648 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
649 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
653 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
654 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
655 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
659 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
660 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
661 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
663 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
665 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
666 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
667 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
668 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
669 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
670 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
671 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
673 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
674 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
675 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
676 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
677 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
678 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
679 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
682 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
686 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
687 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
689 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
691 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
693 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
694 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
696 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
697 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
698 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
699 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
700 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
702 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
703 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
704 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
706 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
707 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
709 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
710 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
711 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
712 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
713 and the subdirectories are created.
717 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
718 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
719 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
720 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
721 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
722 around to packaging up the version you need.
724 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
725 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
726 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
727 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
728 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
729 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
730 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
732 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
733 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
734 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
739 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
740 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
741 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
742 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
743 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
746 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
747 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
748 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
749 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
750 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
752 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
767 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
769 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
771 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
773 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
774 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
775 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
779 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
780 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
781 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
785 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
786 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
788 =head2 --deactivate-all
790 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
795 Specify the shell type to use for output. By default, the shell will be
796 detected based on the environment. Should be one of: C<bourne>, C<csh>,
797 C<cmd>, or C<powershell>.
801 Prevents C<local::lib> from creating directories when activating dirs. This is
802 likely to cause issues on Win32 systems.
806 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
810 =item Arguments: $path
812 =item Return value: None
816 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
817 an exception on failure.
819 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
823 =item Arguments: $path
825 =item Return value: None
829 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
830 given path as the base directory.
832 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
836 =item Arguments: $path
838 =item Return value: %environment_vars
842 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
843 given path as the base directory.
845 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
849 =item Arguments: $path
851 =item Return value: None
855 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
856 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
862 =item Arguments: None
864 =item Return value: @paths
868 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
869 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
870 what is really in C<@INC>.
872 =head2 install_base_perl_path
876 =item Arguments: $path
878 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
882 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
883 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
886 =head2 install_base_bin_path
890 =item Arguments: $path
892 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
896 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
897 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
899 =head2 resolve_empty_path
903 =item Arguments: $path
905 =item Return value: $base_path
909 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
910 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
912 =head2 resolve_home_path
916 =item Arguments: $path
918 =item Return value: $home_path
922 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
923 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
925 =head2 resolve_relative_path
929 =item Arguments: $path
931 =item Return value: $absolute_path
935 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
941 =item Arguments: $path
943 =item Return value: $absolute_path
947 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
948 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
949 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
950 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
951 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
952 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
953 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
956 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
958 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
959 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
960 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
961 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
962 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
963 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
964 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
970 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
971 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
972 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
973 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
974 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
975 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
977 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
978 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
979 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
980 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
982 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
984 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
988 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
992 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
993 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
997 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
999 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
1000 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
1001 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
1002 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
1003 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
1004 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
1005 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
1007 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1009 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1011 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1021 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1022 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1024 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1032 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1040 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1044 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1046 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1050 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1051 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1053 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1054 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1055 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1057 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1058 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1059 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1060 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1061 properly. Many, many thanks!
1063 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1064 section. Many thanks!
1066 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1068 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1069 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1071 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1072 '--self-contained' option.
1074 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1075 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1077 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1078 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1080 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1081 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1083 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1084 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1088 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1093 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1094 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.