11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
49 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
52 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
56 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
59 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
62 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
63 $self = $self->$method(@args);
67 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
71 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
82 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
85 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
86 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
87 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
88 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
89 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
90 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
92 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
93 my $_version = $Config{version};
94 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
95 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
100 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
101 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
104 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
107 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
108 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
109 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
113 [$_version, $_archname],
116 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
120 sub install_base_bin_path {
121 my ($class, $path) = @_;
122 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
124 sub install_base_perl_path {
125 my ($class, $path) = @_;
126 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
128 sub install_base_arch_path {
129 my ($class, $path) = @_;
130 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
134 my ($class, $path) = @_;
135 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
136 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
139 sub _mm_escape_path {
141 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
142 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
143 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
148 sub _mb_escape_path {
150 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
154 sub installer_options_for {
155 my ($class, $path) = @_;
157 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
158 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
164 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
167 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
168 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
169 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
170 } _as_list($self->roots);
175 my ($self, $path) = @_;
176 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
177 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
179 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
181 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
182 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
187 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
188 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
189 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
190 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
193 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
200 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
202 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
205 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
206 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
207 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
208 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
209 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
210 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
211 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
214 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
220 my ($self, $path) = @_;
221 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
222 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
223 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
225 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
227 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
228 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
232 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
233 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
234 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
235 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
238 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
244 my ($self, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
245 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
246 $self = $self->${\($deactivating ? 'deactivate' : 'activate')}($path) if defined $path;
250 sub build_environment_vars_for {
251 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
253 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
254 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
255 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
260 sub setup_local_lib_for {
261 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
262 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
263 @INC = @{$self->inc};
266 sub setup_env_hash_for {
268 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
269 for my $key (keys %env) {
270 if (defined $env{$key}) {
271 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
279 sub print_environment_vars_for {
281 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
284 sub environment_vars_string_for {
285 my $self = _legacy(@_);
287 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
291 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
292 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
297 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
302 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
303 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
306 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
311 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
312 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
313 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
316 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n} : qq{unset ${name}\n};
318 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
319 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
320 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args);
321 @vars = grep { $_ ne $name || defined $value } @vars;
322 $value =~ s/"/"\\""/g
325 (map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars),
327 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
328 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n});
330 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
331 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
332 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%');
335 return qq{set $name=} . (defined($value) ? qq{"$value"} : '') . "\n";
337 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
338 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
339 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:');
340 if (defined $value) {
342 return qq{\$env:$name = "$value"\n};
344 return "Remove-Item Env:\\$name\n";
349 my ($class, $args, $start, $end) = @_;
351 unless defined $args;
356 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
357 $end = '' unless defined $end;
359 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
360 (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? do { push @vars, $$_; $start.$$_.$end }
363 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
370 my $last = pop(@methods);
373 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
374 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
391 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
392 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
393 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
400 my ($class, $path) = @_;
402 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
403 resolve_relative_path
408 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path)
414 sub resolve_empty_path {
415 my ($class, $path) = @_;
425 #:: test classmethod setup
427 my $c = 'local::lib';
435 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
436 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
442 sub resolve_home_path {
443 my ($class, $path) = @_;
444 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
445 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
447 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
452 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
455 unless (defined $homedir) {
458 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
459 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
462 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
466 sub resolve_relative_path {
467 my ($class, $path) = @_;
468 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
475 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
476 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
482 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
483 my ($class, $path) = @_;
485 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
487 require File::Basename;
491 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
493 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
501 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
503 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
505 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
511 sub guess_shelltype {
513 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
514 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
515 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
518 local $_ = $shellbin;
526 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
527 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
528 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
529 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
531 local $_ = $shellbin;
534 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
536 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
553 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
559 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
561 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
565 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
569 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
570 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
572 # Just print out useful shell commands
574 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
575 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
576 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
577 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
579 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
581 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
582 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
583 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
584 local::lib in your home directory.
586 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
587 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
588 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
589 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
591 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
593 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
595 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
596 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
597 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
602 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
604 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
605 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
607 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
608 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
610 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
612 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
614 make test && make install
616 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
617 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
618 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
621 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
623 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
628 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
630 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
631 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
634 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
636 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
637 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
638 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
640 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
641 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
642 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
644 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
646 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
647 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
648 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
649 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
653 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
654 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
655 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
659 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
660 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
661 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
663 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
665 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
666 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
667 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
668 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
669 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
670 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
671 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
673 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
674 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
675 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
676 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
677 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
678 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
679 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
682 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
686 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
687 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
689 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
691 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
693 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
694 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
696 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
697 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
698 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
699 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
700 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
702 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
703 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
704 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
706 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
707 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
709 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
710 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
711 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
712 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
713 and the subdirectories are created.
717 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
718 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
719 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
720 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
721 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
722 around to packaging up the version you need.
724 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
725 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
726 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
727 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
728 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
729 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
730 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
732 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
733 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
734 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
739 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
740 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
741 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
742 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
743 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
746 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
747 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
748 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
749 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
750 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
752 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
767 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
769 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
771 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
773 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
774 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
775 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
779 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
780 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
781 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
785 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
786 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
788 =head2 --deactivate-all
790 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
795 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
799 =item Arguments: $path
801 =item Return value: None
805 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
806 an exception on failure.
808 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
812 =item Arguments: $path
814 =item Return value: None
818 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
819 given path as the base directory.
821 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
825 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
827 =item Return value: %environment_vars
831 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
832 given path as the base directory.
834 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
838 =item Arguments: $path
840 =item Return value: None
844 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
845 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
851 =item Arguments: None
853 =item Return value: @paths
857 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
858 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
859 what is really in C<@INC>.
861 =head2 install_base_perl_path
865 =item Arguments: $path
867 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
871 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
872 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
875 =head2 install_base_bin_path
879 =item Arguments: $path
881 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
885 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
886 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
888 =head2 resolve_empty_path
892 =item Arguments: $path
894 =item Return value: $base_path
898 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
899 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
901 =head2 resolve_home_path
905 =item Arguments: $path
907 =item Return value: $home_path
911 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
912 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
914 =head2 resolve_relative_path
918 =item Arguments: $path
920 =item Return value: $absolute_path
924 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
930 =item Arguments: $path
932 =item Return value: $absolute_path
936 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
937 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
938 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
939 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
940 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
941 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
942 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
945 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
947 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
948 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
949 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
950 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
951 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
952 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
953 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
959 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
960 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
961 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
962 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
963 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
964 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
966 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
967 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
968 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
969 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
971 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
973 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
977 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
981 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
982 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
986 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
988 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
989 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
990 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
991 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
992 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
993 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
994 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
996 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
998 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1000 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1010 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1011 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1013 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1021 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1029 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1033 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1035 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1039 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1040 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1042 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1043 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1044 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1046 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1047 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1048 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1049 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1050 properly. Many, many thanks!
1052 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1053 section. Many thanks!
1055 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1057 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1058 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1060 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1061 '--self-contained' option.
1063 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1064 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1066 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1067 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1069 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1070 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1072 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1073 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1077 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1082 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1083 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.