6 use 5.008001; # probably works with earlier versions but I'm not supporting them
7 # (patches would, of course, be welcome)
14 our $VERSION = '1.006007'; # 1.6.7
16 our @KNOWN_FLAGS = qw(--self-contained);
19 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 # Remember what PERL5LIB was when we started
22 my $perl5lib = $ENV{PERL5LIB} || '';
26 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
29 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
30 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
31 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
32 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
33 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
34 dashes with normal minus signs.
37 elsif(grep { $arg eq $_ } @KNOWN_FLAGS) {
38 (my $flag = $arg) =~ s/--//;
39 $arg_store{$flag} = 1;
41 elsif($arg =~ /^--/) {
42 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
45 # assume that what's left is a path
46 $arg_store{path} = $arg;
50 if($arg_store{'self-contained'}) {
51 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
54 $arg_store{path} = $class->resolve_path($arg_store{path});
55 $class->setup_local_lib_for($arg_store{path});
57 for (@INC) { # Untaint @INC
58 next if ref; # Skip entry if it is an ARRAY, CODE, blessed, etc.
67 my $last = pop(@methods);
70 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
71 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
88 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
89 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
90 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
98 grep { ! $seen{$_}++ } @_;
102 my ($class, $path) = @_;
103 $class->${pipeline qw(
104 resolve_relative_path
110 sub resolve_empty_path {
111 my ($class, $path) = @_;
121 #:: test classmethod setup
123 my $c = 'local::lib';
131 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
132 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
138 sub resolve_home_path {
139 my ($class, $path) = @_;
140 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
141 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
142 my $tried_file_homedir;
144 if (eval { require File::HomeDir } && $File::HomeDir::VERSION >= 0.65) {
145 $tried_file_homedir = 1;
147 File::HomeDir->users_home($user);
149 File::HomeDir->my_home;
155 if (defined $ENV{HOME}) {
163 unless (defined $homedir) {
165 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
166 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
167 .($tried_file_homedir ? '' : ' - consider installing File::HomeDir')
170 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
174 sub resolve_relative_path {
175 my ($class, $path) = @_;
176 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
183 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
184 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
190 sub setup_local_lib_for {
191 my ($class, $path) = @_;
192 $path = $class->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
194 $class->print_environment_vars_for($path);
197 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path);
198 @INC = _uniq(split($Config{path_sep}, $ENV{PERL5LIB}), @INC);
202 sub install_base_bin_path {
203 my ($class, $path) = @_;
204 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
207 sub install_base_perl_path {
208 my ($class, $path) = @_;
209 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
212 sub install_base_arch_path {
213 my ($class, $path) = @_;
214 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $Config{archname});
217 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
218 my ($class, $path) = @_;
220 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
222 File::Path::mkpath($path);
223 # Need to have the path exist to make a short name for it, so
224 # converting to a short name here.
225 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path) if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
230 sub INTERPOLATE_ENV () { 1 }
231 sub LITERAL_ENV () { 0 }
233 sub print_environment_vars_for {
234 my ($class, $path) = @_;
235 my @envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, LITERAL_ENV);
238 # rather basic csh detection, goes on the assumption that something won't
239 # call itself csh unless it really is. also, default to bourne in the
240 # pathological situation where a user doesn't have $ENV{SHELL} defined.
241 # note also that shells with funny names, like zoid, are assumed to be
244 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
245 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
246 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
249 local $_ = $shellbin;
257 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
258 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
259 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
260 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
262 local $_ = $shellbin;
265 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
267 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
276 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
277 $value =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g;
278 $out .= $class->${\"build_${shelltype}_env_declaration"}($name, $value);
283 # simple routines that take two arguments: an %ENV key and a value. return
284 # strings that are suitable for passing directly to the relevant shell to set
285 # said key to said value.
286 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
288 my($name, $value) = @_;
289 return qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n};
292 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
294 my($name, $value) = @_;
295 return qq{setenv ${name} "${value}"\n};
298 sub build_win32_env_declaration {
300 my($name, $value) = @_;
301 return qq{set ${name}=${value}\n};
304 sub setup_env_hash_for {
305 my ($class, $path) = @_;
306 my %envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, INTERPOLATE_ENV);
307 @ENV{keys %envs} = values %envs;
310 sub build_environment_vars_for {
311 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
313 PERL_MB_OPT => "--install_base ${path}",
314 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${path}",
315 PERL5LIB => join($Config{path_sep},
316 $class->install_base_arch_path($path),
317 $class->install_base_perl_path($path),
318 (($ENV{PERL5LIB}||()) ?
319 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
321 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PERL5LIB' : '%PERL5LIB%' ))
324 PATH => join($Config{path_sep},
325 $class->install_base_bin_path($path),
326 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
328 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PATH' : '%PATH%' ))
337 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
339 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
341 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
349 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
355 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
357 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
361 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
365 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
366 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
368 # Just print out useful shell commands
370 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
371 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl'
372 export PERL5LIB='/home/username/perl/lib/perl5:/home/username/perl/lib/perl5/i386-linux'
373 export PATH="/home/username/perl/bin:$PATH"
375 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
377 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
378 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
379 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
380 local::lib in your home directory.
382 If you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
383 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
384 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
385 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
387 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
389 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
391 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
392 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
393 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
398 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
400 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
401 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
403 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
404 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
406 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
408 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
410 make test && make install
412 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
413 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
414 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
417 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
419 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
424 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
426 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to give that as
427 import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this way:
429 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
431 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
432 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
433 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
435 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
436 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
437 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
439 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
441 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
442 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
443 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
444 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
448 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
449 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
450 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
454 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
455 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
456 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
457 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
458 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
461 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
465 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
466 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
468 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
470 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
472 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
473 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
475 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
476 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
477 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
478 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5;C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5\MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
479 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
481 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
482 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\temp.bat
483 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
485 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
486 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
488 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
489 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
490 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
491 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
492 and the subdirectories are created.
496 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
497 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
498 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
499 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
500 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
501 around to packaging up the version you need.
503 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
504 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
505 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
506 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
507 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
508 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
509 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
511 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
512 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
513 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
518 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
519 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
520 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
521 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
522 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
525 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
526 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
527 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
528 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
529 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
531 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
544 PATH is appended to, rather than clobbered.
548 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
550 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
552 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
553 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
554 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
558 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
562 =item Arguments: $path
564 =item Return value: None
568 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
569 an exception on failure.
571 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
575 =item Arguments: $path
577 =item Return value: None
581 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
582 given path as the base directory.
584 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
588 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
590 =item Return value: \%environment_vars
594 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
595 given path as the base directory.
597 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
601 =item Arguments: $path
603 =item Return value: None
607 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
608 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
610 =head2 install_base_perl_path
614 =item Arguments: $path
616 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
620 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
621 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
624 =head2 install_base_arch_path
628 =item Arguments: $path
630 =item Return value: $install_base_arch_path
634 Returns a path describing where to install the architecture-specific Perl
635 modules for this local library installation. Based on the
636 L</install_base_perl_path> method's return value, and appends the value of
637 C<$Config{archname}>.
639 =head2 install_base_bin_path
643 =item Arguments: $path
645 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
649 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
650 local library installation. Based on the L</install_base_perl_path> method's
651 return value, and appends the directory C<bin>.
653 =head2 resolve_empty_path
657 =item Arguments: $path
659 =item Return value: $base_path
663 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
664 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
666 =head2 resolve_home_path
670 =item Arguments: $path
672 =item Return value: $home_path
676 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
677 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
679 =head2 resolve_relative_path
683 =item Arguments: $path
685 =item Return value: $absolute_path
689 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
695 =item Arguments: $path
697 =item Return value: $absolute_path
701 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
702 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
703 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
704 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
705 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
706 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
707 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
710 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
712 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
713 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
714 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
715 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
716 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
717 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
718 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
722 The perl toolchain is unable to handle directory names with spaces in it,
723 so you cant put your local::lib bootstrap into a directory with spaces. What
724 you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces B<after> you
725 installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be aware that you
726 cant update or install CPAN modules after the move.
728 Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
729 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
730 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
731 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
733 Bootstrap is a hack and will use CPAN.pm for ExtUtils::MakeMaker even if you
734 have CPANPLUS installed.
736 Kills any existing PERL5LIB, PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
738 Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
740 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
742 On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment variables
743 to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
745 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
747 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
748 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
749 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
750 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
751 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
752 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
753 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
755 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
757 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
759 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
769 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
770 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
772 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
780 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
784 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
786 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
790 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
791 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
793 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
794 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by Torsten Raudssus
795 <torsten@raudssus.de>.
797 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
798 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
799 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
800 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
801 properly. Many, many thanks!
803 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
804 section. Many thanks!
806 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
808 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
809 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
811 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
812 '--self-contained' option.
814 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
815 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
817 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc patches contributed by Breno
818 G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
822 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
827 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms