6 use 5.008001; # probably works with earlier versions but I'm not supporting them
7 # (patches would, of course, be welcome)
14 our $VERSION = '1.005001'; # 1.5.1
16 our @KNOWN_FLAGS = qw(--self-contained);
19 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 # Remember what PERL5LIB was when we started
22 my $perl5lib = $ENV{PERL5LIB} || '';
26 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
29 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
30 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
31 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
32 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
33 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
34 dashes with normal minus signs.
37 elsif(grep { $arg eq $_ } @KNOWN_FLAGS) {
38 (my $flag = $arg) =~ s/--//;
39 $arg_store{$flag} = 1;
41 elsif($arg =~ /^--/) {
42 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
45 # assume that what's left is a path
46 $arg_store{path} = $arg;
50 if($arg_store{'self-contained'}) {
51 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
54 $arg_store{path} = $class->resolve_path($arg_store{path});
55 $class->setup_local_lib_for($arg_store{path});
57 for (@INC) { # Untaint @INC
58 next if ref; # Skip entry if it is an ARRAY, CODE, blessed, etc.
67 my $last = pop(@methods);
70 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
71 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
88 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
89 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
90 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
98 grep { ! $seen{$_}++ } @_;
102 my ($class, $path) = @_;
103 $class->${pipeline qw(
104 resolve_relative_path
110 sub resolve_empty_path {
111 my ($class, $path) = @_;
121 #:: test classmethod setup
123 my $c = 'local::lib';
131 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
132 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
138 sub resolve_home_path {
139 my ($class, $path) = @_;
140 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
141 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
142 my $tried_file_homedir;
144 if (eval { require File::HomeDir } && $File::HomeDir::VERSION >= 0.65) {
145 $tried_file_homedir = 1;
147 File::HomeDir->users_home($user);
149 File::HomeDir->my_home;
155 if (defined $ENV{HOME}) {
163 unless (defined $homedir) {
165 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
166 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
167 .($tried_file_homedir ? '' : ' - consider installing File::HomeDir')
170 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
174 sub resolve_relative_path {
175 my ($class, $path) = @_;
176 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
183 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
184 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
190 sub setup_local_lib_for {
191 my ($class, $path) = @_;
192 $path = $class->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
194 $class->print_environment_vars_for($path);
197 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path);
198 @INC = _uniq(split($Config{path_sep}, $ENV{PERL5LIB}), @INC);
202 sub modulebuildrc_path {
203 my ($class, $path) = @_;
204 File::Spec->catfile($path, '.modulebuildrc');
207 sub install_base_bin_path {
208 my ($class, $path) = @_;
209 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
212 sub install_base_perl_path {
213 my ($class, $path) = @_;
214 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
217 sub install_base_arch_path {
218 my ($class, $path) = @_;
219 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $Config{archname});
222 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
223 my ($class, $path) = @_;
225 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
227 File::Path::mkpath($path);
228 # Need to have the path exist to make a short name for it, so
229 # converting to a short name here.
230 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path) if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
231 my $modulebuildrc_path = $class->modulebuildrc_path($path);
232 if (-e $modulebuildrc_path) {
234 Carp::croak("${modulebuildrc_path} exists but is not a plain file");
237 warn "Attempting to create file ${modulebuildrc_path}\n";
238 open MODULEBUILDRC, '>', $modulebuildrc_path
239 || Carp::croak("Couldn't open ${modulebuildrc_path} for writing: $!");
240 print MODULEBUILDRC qq{install --install_base ${path}\n}
241 || Carp::croak("Couldn't write line to ${modulebuildrc_path}: $!");
243 || Carp::croak("Couldn't close file ${modulebuildrc_path}: $@");
249 sub INTERPOLATE_ENV () { 1 }
250 sub LITERAL_ENV () { 0 }
252 sub print_environment_vars_for {
253 my ($class, $path) = @_;
254 my @envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, LITERAL_ENV);
257 # rather basic csh detection, goes on the assumption that something won't
258 # call itself csh unless it really is. also, default to bourne in the
259 # pathological situation where a user doesn't have $ENV{SHELL} defined.
260 # note also that shells with funny names, like zoid, are assumed to be
263 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
264 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
265 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
268 local $_ = $shellbin;
276 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
277 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
278 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
279 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
281 local $_ = $shellbin;
284 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
286 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
295 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
296 $value =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g;
297 $out .= $class->${\"build_${shelltype}_env_declaration"}($name, $value);
302 # simple routines that take two arguments: an %ENV key and a value. return
303 # strings that are suitable for passing directly to the relevant shell to set
304 # said key to said value.
305 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
307 my($name, $value) = @_;
308 return qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n};
311 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
313 my($name, $value) = @_;
314 return qq{setenv ${name} "${value}"\n};
317 sub build_win32_env_declaration {
319 my($name, $value) = @_;
320 return qq{set ${name}=${value}\n};
323 sub setup_env_hash_for {
324 my ($class, $path) = @_;
325 my %envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, INTERPOLATE_ENV);
326 @ENV{keys %envs} = values %envs;
329 sub build_environment_vars_for {
330 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
332 MODULEBUILDRC => $class->modulebuildrc_path($path),
333 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${path}",
334 PERL5LIB => join($Config{path_sep},
335 $class->install_base_perl_path($path),
336 $class->install_base_arch_path($path),
337 (($ENV{PERL5LIB}||()) ?
338 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
340 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PERL5LIB' : '%PERL5LIB%' ))
343 PATH => join($Config{path_sep},
344 $class->install_base_bin_path($path),
345 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
347 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PATH' : '%PATH%' ))
356 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
358 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
360 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
362 ok(-f 't/var/splat/.modulebuildrc');
368 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
374 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
376 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
380 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
384 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
385 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
387 # Install LWP and *all non-core* dependencies to the 'my_lwp' directory
388 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib=--self-contained,my_lwp -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
390 # Just print out useful shell commands
392 export MODULEBUILDRC=/home/username/perl/.modulebuildrc
393 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl'
394 export PERL5LIB='/home/username/perl/lib/perl5:/home/username/perl/lib/perl5/i386-linux'
395 export PATH="/home/username/perl/bin:$PATH"
397 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
399 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
400 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
401 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
402 local::lib in your home directory.
404 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
405 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
406 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
411 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
413 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
414 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
418 make test && make install
420 4. Arrange for Perl to use your own packages instead of the system
421 packages. If you are using bash, you can do this as follows:
423 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
425 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
430 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
432 You can also pass --bootstrap=~/foo to get a different location -
434 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
435 make test && make install
437 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
439 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
440 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use C<.
441 ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>. Replace .bashrc or
442 .cshrc with the name of the file you wrote above with the echo command.
444 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
445 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
446 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
448 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
450 If you want to install multiple Perl module environments, say for application development,
451 install local::lib globally and then:
455 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
456 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
457 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
461 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
462 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
463 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
464 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
465 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
468 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
472 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
473 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
475 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
477 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
479 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
480 set MODULEBUILDRC=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\.modulebuildrc
481 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
482 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5;C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5\MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
483 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
485 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
486 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\temp.bat
487 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
489 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
490 Control Panel's System applet yourself at the moment.
492 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
493 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
494 (Windows Vista or later) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
495 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
496 and the subdirectories are created.
500 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
501 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
502 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
503 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
504 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
505 around to packaging up the version you need.
507 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
508 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
509 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
510 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
511 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
512 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
513 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
515 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
516 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
517 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
522 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
523 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
524 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
525 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
526 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
529 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
530 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
531 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
532 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
533 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
535 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
548 PATH is appended to, rather than clobbered.
552 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
554 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
556 You can use local::lib to prepare a directory which contains a module and all
557 of its non-core dependencies. The C<--self-contained> option ignores any
558 globally installed modules when resolving dependencies, only considering
559 modules installed in a "local::lib" directory or provided by core Perl.
561 A use-case for this feature would be to prepare to deploy a whole "stack" of
562 module dependencies on a new machine, even if you have copies of the same
563 dependencies installed globally already.
565 The C<--self-contained> option should be used like this:
567 # Install LWP and *all non-core* dependencies to the 'my_lwp' directory
568 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib=--self-contained,my_lwp -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
570 Note that some dependencies may involve C-based "XS" code even if your target
571 module doesn't. The issue of dealing with XS vs Pure Perl code is beyond the scope
572 of what local::lib provides.
576 =head2 ensure_directory_structure_for
580 =item Arguments: path
584 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
585 an exception on failure.
587 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
591 =item Arguments: path
595 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
596 given path as the base directory.
598 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
602 =item Arguments: path
606 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
607 C<build_environment_vars_for>.
609 =head2 install_base_perl_path
613 =item Arguments: path
617 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
618 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
621 =head2 install_base_arch_path
625 =item Arguments: path
629 Returns a path describing where to install the architecture-specific Perl
630 modules for this local library installation. Based on the
631 L</install_base_perl_path> method's return value, and appends the value of
632 C<$Config{archname}>.
634 =head2 install_base_bin_path
638 =item Arguments: path
642 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
643 local library installation. Based on the L</install_base_perl_path> method's
644 return value, and appends the directory C<bin>.
646 =head2 modulebuildrc_path
650 =item Arguments: path
654 Returns a path describing where to install the C<.modulebuildrc> file, based on
657 =head2 resolve_empty_path
661 =item Arguments: path
665 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
666 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
668 =head2 resolve_home_path
672 =item Arguments: path
676 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
677 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
679 =head2 resolve_relative_path
683 =item Arguments: path
687 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
693 =item Arguments: path
697 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
698 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
699 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
700 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
701 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
702 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
703 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
706 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
708 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
709 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
710 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
711 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
712 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
713 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
714 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
718 Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
719 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
720 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
721 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
723 Bootstrap is a hack and will use CPAN.pm for ExtUtils::MakeMaker even if you
724 have CPANPLUS installed.
726 Kills any existing PERL5LIB, PERL_MM_OPT or MODULEBUILDRC.
728 Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
730 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
732 On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment variables
733 to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
735 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
737 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
738 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
739 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
740 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
741 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
742 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
743 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
745 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
747 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
749 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
759 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
760 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
762 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
768 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
770 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
774 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
775 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
777 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory contributed by Torsten Raudssus
778 <torsten@raudssus.de>.
780 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
781 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
782 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
783 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
784 properly. Many, many thanks!
786 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
787 section. Many thanks!
789 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
791 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
792 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
794 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
795 '--self-contained' option.
799 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2009 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
804 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms