6 use 5.008001; # probably works with earlier versions but I'm not supporting them
7 # (patches would, of course, be welcome)
13 our $VERSION = '1.008004'; # 1.8.4
15 our @KNOWN_FLAGS = qw(--self-contained --deactivate --deactivate-all);
17 sub DEACTIVATE_ONE () { 1 }
18 sub DEACTIVATE_ALL () { 2 }
20 sub INTERPOLATE_ENV () { 1 }
21 sub LITERAL_ENV () { 0 }
24 my ($class, @args) = @_;
26 # Remember what PERL5LIB was when we started
27 my $perl5lib = $ENV{PERL5LIB} || '';
31 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
34 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
35 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
36 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
37 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
38 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
39 dashes with normal minus signs.
42 elsif(grep { $arg eq $_ } @KNOWN_FLAGS) {
43 (my $flag = $arg) =~ s/--//;
44 $arg_store{$flag} = 1;
46 elsif($arg =~ /^--/) {
47 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
50 # assume that what's left is a path
51 $arg_store{path} = $arg;
55 if($arg_store{'self-contained'}) {
56 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
60 if ($arg_store{deactivate}) {
61 $deactivating = DEACTIVATE_ONE;
63 if ($arg_store{'deactivate-all'}) {
64 $deactivating = DEACTIVATE_ALL;
67 $arg_store{path} = $class->resolve_path($arg_store{path});
68 $class->setup_local_lib_for($arg_store{path}, $deactivating);
70 for (@INC) { # Untaint @INC
71 next if ref; # Skip entry if it is an ARRAY, CODE, blessed, etc.
80 my $last = pop(@methods);
83 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
84 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
101 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
102 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
103 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
111 grep { ! $seen{$_}++ } @_;
115 my ($class, $path) = @_;
116 $class->${pipeline qw(
117 resolve_relative_path
123 sub resolve_empty_path {
124 my ($class, $path) = @_;
134 #:: test classmethod setup
136 my $c = 'local::lib';
144 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
145 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
151 sub resolve_home_path {
152 my ($class, $path) = @_;
153 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
154 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
155 my $tried_file_homedir;
157 if (eval { require File::HomeDir } && $File::HomeDir::VERSION >= 0.65) {
158 $tried_file_homedir = 1;
160 File::HomeDir->users_home($user);
162 File::HomeDir->my_home;
168 if (defined $ENV{HOME}) {
176 unless (defined $homedir) {
179 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
180 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
181 .($tried_file_homedir ? '' : ' - consider installing File::HomeDir')
184 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
188 sub resolve_relative_path {
189 my ($class, $path) = @_;
190 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
197 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
198 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
204 sub setup_local_lib_for {
205 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
207 my $interpolate = LITERAL_ENV;
208 my @active_lls = $class->active_paths;
210 $path = $class->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
212 if (! $deactivating) {
213 if (@active_lls && $active_lls[-1] eq $path) {
215 return; # Asked to add what's already at the top of the stack
216 } elsif (grep { $_ eq $path} @active_lls) {
217 # Asked to add a dir that's lower in the stack -- so we remove it from
218 # where it is, and then add it back at the top.
219 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path, DEACTIVATE_ONE);
220 # Which means we can no longer output "PERL5LIB=...:$PERL5LIB" stuff
221 # anymore because we're taking something *out*.
222 $interpolate = INTERPOLATE_ENV;
227 $class->print_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, $interpolate);
230 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path, $deactivating);
231 @INC = _uniq(split($Config{path_sep}, $ENV{PERL5LIB}), @INC);
235 sub install_base_bin_path {
236 my ($class, $path) = @_;
237 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
240 sub install_base_perl_path {
241 my ($class, $path) = @_;
242 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
245 sub install_base_arch_path {
246 my ($class, $path) = @_;
247 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $Config{archname});
250 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
251 my ($class, $path) = @_;
253 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
255 File::Path::mkpath($path);
256 # Need to have the path exist to make a short name for it, so
257 # converting to a short name here.
258 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path) if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
263 sub guess_shelltype {
265 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
266 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
267 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
270 local $_ = $shellbin;
278 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
279 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
280 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
281 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
283 local $_ = $shellbin;
286 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
288 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
298 sub print_environment_vars_for {
299 my ($class, $path, $deactivating, $interpolate) = @_;
300 print $class->environment_vars_string_for($path, $deactivating, $interpolate);
303 sub environment_vars_string_for {
304 my ($class, $path, $deactivating, $interpolate) = @_;
305 my @envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, $interpolate);
308 # rather basic csh detection, goes on the assumption that something won't
309 # call itself csh unless it really is. also, default to bourne in the
310 # pathological situation where a user doesn't have $ENV{SHELL} defined.
311 # note also that shells with funny names, like zoid, are assumed to be
314 my $shelltype = $class->guess_shelltype;
317 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
318 $value =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g if defined $value;
319 $out .= $class->${\"build_${shelltype}_env_declaration"}($name, $value);
324 # simple routines that take two arguments: an %ENV key and a value. return
325 # strings that are suitable for passing directly to the relevant shell to set
326 # said key to said value.
327 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
329 my($name, $value) = @_;
330 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}";\n} : qq{unset ${name};\n};
333 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
335 my($name, $value) = @_;
336 return defined($value) ? qq{setenv ${name} "${value}"\n} : qq{unsetenv ${name}\n};
339 sub build_win32_env_declaration {
341 my($name, $value) = @_;
342 return defined($value) ? qq{set ${name}=${value}\n} : qq{set ${name}=\n};
345 sub setup_env_hash_for {
346 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
347 my %envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, INTERPOLATE_ENV);
348 @ENV{keys %envs} = values %envs;
351 sub build_environment_vars_for {
352 my ($class, $path, $deactivating, $interpolate) = @_;
354 if ($deactivating == DEACTIVATE_ONE) {
355 return $class->build_deactivate_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
356 } elsif ($deactivating == DEACTIVATE_ALL) {
357 return $class->build_deact_all_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
359 return $class->build_activate_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
363 # Build an environment value for a variable like PATH from a list of paths.
364 # References to existing variables are given as references to the variable name.
365 # Duplicates are removed.
368 # - interpolate: INTERPOLATE_ENV/LITERAL_ENV
369 # - exists: paths are included only if they exist (default: interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV)
370 # - filter: function to apply to each path do decide if it must be included
371 # - empty: the value to return in the case of empty value
372 my %ENV_LIST_VALUE_DEFAULTS = (
373 interpolate => INTERPOLATE_ENV,
378 sub _env_list_value(%@) {
380 die(sprintf "unknown option '$_' at %s line %u\n", (caller)[1..2])
381 for grep { !exists $ENV_LIST_VALUE_DEFAULTS{$_} } keys %$options;
382 my %options = (%ENV_LIST_VALUE_DEFAULTS, %{ $options });
383 $options{exists} = $options{interpolate} == INTERPOLATE_ENV
384 unless defined $options{exists};
388 my $value = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
389 ref $_ ? ($^O eq 'MSWin32' ? "%${$_}%" : "\$${$_}") : $_
391 ref $_ || (defined $_
394 && $options{filter}->($_)
395 && (!$options{exists} || -e $_))
397 if (ref $_ eq 'SCALAR' && $options{interpolate} == INTERPOLATE_ENV) {
398 exists $ENV{${$_}} ? (split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{${$_}}) : ()
403 return length($value) ? $value : $options{empty};
406 sub build_activate_environment_vars_for {
407 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
409 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT =>
411 { interpolate => $interpolate, exists => 0, empty => '' },
412 \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT',
415 PERL_MB_OPT => "--install_base ${path}",
416 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${path}",
419 { interpolate => $interpolate, exists => 0, empty => '' },
420 $class->install_base_arch_path($path),
421 $class->install_base_perl_path($path),
424 PATH => _env_list_value(
425 { interpolate => $interpolate, exists => 0, empty => '' },
434 return () unless defined $ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT};
435 return split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT};
438 sub build_deactivate_environment_vars_for {
439 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
441 my @active_lls = $class->active_paths;
443 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
444 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
448 my $perl_path = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
449 my $arch_path = $class->install_base_arch_path($path);
450 my $bin_path = $class->install_base_bin_path($path);
454 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => _env_list_value(
458 grep { $_ ne $path } @active_lls
460 PERL5LIB => _env_list_value(
464 $_ ne $perl_path && $_ ne $arch_path
469 PATH => _env_list_value(
472 filter => sub { $_ ne $bin_path },
478 # If removing ourselves from the "top of the stack", set install paths to
479 # correspond with the new top of stack.
480 if ($active_lls[-1] eq $path) {
481 my $new_top = $active_lls[-2];
482 $env{PERL_MB_OPT} = defined($new_top) ? "--install_base ${new_top}" : undef;
483 $env{PERL_MM_OPT} = defined($new_top) ? "INSTALL_BASE=${new_top}" : undef;
489 sub build_deact_all_environment_vars_for {
490 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
492 my @active_lls = $class->active_paths;
494 my %perl_paths = map { (
495 $class->install_base_perl_path($_) => 1,
496 $class->install_base_arch_path($_) => 1
498 my %bin_paths = map { (
499 $class->install_base_bin_path($_) => 1,
503 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => undef,
504 PERL_MM_OPT => undef,
505 PERL_MB_OPT => undef,
506 PERL5LIB => _env_list_value(
510 ! scalar grep { exists $perl_paths{$_} } $_[0]
515 PATH => _env_list_value(
519 ! scalar grep { exists $bin_paths{$_} } $_[0]
533 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
535 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
537 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
545 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
551 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
553 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
557 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
561 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
562 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
564 # Just print out useful shell commands
566 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
567 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
568 export PERL5LIB='/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5/i386-linux:/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5'
569 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
571 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
573 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
574 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
575 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
576 local::lib in your home directory.
578 If you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
579 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
580 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
581 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
583 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
585 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
587 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
588 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
589 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
594 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
596 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
597 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
599 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
600 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
602 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
604 If you're using multiple versions of perl via something like
605 L<perlbrew>, it might be useful to bootstrap to a specific directory
606 for the current version of perl you're running:
608 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=$HOME/perl5/$(perl -e 'print $]')
610 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
612 make test && make install
614 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
615 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
616 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
619 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
621 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
626 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
628 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to give that as
629 import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this way:
631 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
633 If you used the perl-version-specific bootstrap before, you'll need:
635 echo "eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/perl5/$(perl -e 'print $]'))" >>~/.bashrc
637 Make sure you re-eval C<.bashrc> every time you switch perls.
639 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
640 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
641 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
643 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
644 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
645 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
647 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
649 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
650 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
651 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
652 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
656 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
657 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
658 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
662 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
663 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
664 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
666 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
668 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
669 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
670 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
671 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
672 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
673 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
674 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
676 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
677 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
678 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
679 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
680 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
681 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
682 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
685 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
689 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
690 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
692 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
694 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
696 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
697 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
699 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
700 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
701 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
702 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5;C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5\MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
703 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
705 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
706 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
707 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
709 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
710 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
712 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
713 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
714 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
715 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
716 and the subdirectories are created.
720 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
721 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
722 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
723 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
724 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
725 around to packaging up the version you need.
727 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
728 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
729 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
730 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
731 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
732 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
733 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
735 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
736 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
737 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
742 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
743 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
744 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
745 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
746 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
749 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
750 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
751 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
752 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
753 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
755 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
768 PATH is appended to, rather than clobbered.
772 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
774 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
776 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
777 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
778 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
782 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
783 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
784 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
788 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
789 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
791 =head2 --deactivate-all
793 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
798 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
802 =item Arguments: $path
804 =item Return value: None
808 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
809 an exception on failure.
811 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
815 =item Arguments: $path
817 =item Return value: None
821 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
822 given path as the base directory.
824 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
828 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
830 =item Return value: \%environment_vars
834 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
835 given path as the base directory.
837 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
841 =item Arguments: $path
843 =item Return value: None
847 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
848 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
854 =item Arguments: None
856 =item Return value: @paths
860 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
861 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable.
863 =head2 install_base_perl_path
867 =item Arguments: $path
869 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
873 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
874 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
877 =head2 install_base_arch_path
881 =item Arguments: $path
883 =item Return value: $install_base_arch_path
887 Returns a path describing where to install the architecture-specific Perl
888 modules for this local library installation. Based on the
889 L</install_base_perl_path> method's return value, and appends the value of
890 C<$Config{archname}>.
892 =head2 install_base_bin_path
896 =item Arguments: $path
898 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
902 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
903 local library installation. Based on the L</install_base_perl_path> method's
904 return value, and appends the directory C<bin>.
906 =head2 resolve_empty_path
910 =item Arguments: $path
912 =item Return value: $base_path
916 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
917 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
919 =head2 resolve_home_path
923 =item Arguments: $path
925 =item Return value: $home_path
929 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
930 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
932 =head2 resolve_relative_path
936 =item Arguments: $path
938 =item Return value: $absolute_path
942 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
948 =item Arguments: $path
950 =item Return value: $absolute_path
954 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
955 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
956 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
957 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
958 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
959 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
960 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
963 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
965 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
966 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
967 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
968 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
969 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
970 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
971 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
975 The perl toolchain is unable to handle directory names with spaces in it,
976 so you cant put your local::lib bootstrap into a directory with spaces. What
977 you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces B<after> you
978 installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be aware that you
979 cant update or install CPAN modules after the move.
981 Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
982 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
983 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
984 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
986 Bootstrap is a hack and will use CPAN.pm for ExtUtils::MakeMaker even if you
987 have CPANPLUS installed.
989 Kills any existing PERL5LIB, PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
991 Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
993 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
995 On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment variables
996 to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
998 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
1000 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
1001 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
1002 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
1003 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
1004 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
1005 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
1006 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
1008 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1010 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1012 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1022 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1023 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1025 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1033 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1037 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1039 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1043 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1044 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1046 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1047 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by Torsten Raudssus
1048 <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1050 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1051 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1052 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1053 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1054 properly. Many, many thanks!
1056 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1057 section. Many thanks!
1059 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1061 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1062 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1064 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1065 '--self-contained' option.
1067 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1068 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1070 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc patches contributed by Breno
1071 G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1073 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1074 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1076 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1080 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1085 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms