6 use 5.008001; # probably works with earlier versions but I'm not supporting them
7 # (patches would, of course, be welcome)
14 our $VERSION = '1.008001'; # 1.8.1
16 our @KNOWN_FLAGS = qw(--self-contained);
19 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 # Remember what PERL5LIB was when we started
22 my $perl5lib = $ENV{PERL5LIB} || '';
26 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
29 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
30 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
31 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
32 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
33 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
34 dashes with normal minus signs.
37 elsif(grep { $arg eq $_ } @KNOWN_FLAGS) {
38 (my $flag = $arg) =~ s/--//;
39 $arg_store{$flag} = 1;
41 elsif($arg =~ /^--/) {
42 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
45 # assume that what's left is a path
46 $arg_store{path} = $arg;
50 if($arg_store{'self-contained'}) {
51 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
54 $arg_store{path} = $class->resolve_path($arg_store{path});
55 $class->setup_local_lib_for($arg_store{path});
57 for (@INC) { # Untaint @INC
58 next if ref; # Skip entry if it is an ARRAY, CODE, blessed, etc.
67 my $last = pop(@methods);
70 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
71 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
88 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
89 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
90 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
98 grep { ! $seen{$_}++ } @_;
102 my ($class, $path) = @_;
103 $class->${pipeline qw(
104 resolve_relative_path
110 sub resolve_empty_path {
111 my ($class, $path) = @_;
121 #:: test classmethod setup
123 my $c = 'local::lib';
131 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
132 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
138 sub resolve_home_path {
139 my ($class, $path) = @_;
140 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
141 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
142 my $tried_file_homedir;
144 if (eval { require File::HomeDir } && $File::HomeDir::VERSION >= 0.65) {
145 $tried_file_homedir = 1;
147 File::HomeDir->users_home($user);
149 File::HomeDir->my_home;
155 if (defined $ENV{HOME}) {
163 unless (defined $homedir) {
165 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
166 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
167 .($tried_file_homedir ? '' : ' - consider installing File::HomeDir')
170 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
174 sub resolve_relative_path {
175 my ($class, $path) = @_;
176 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
183 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
184 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
190 sub setup_local_lib_for {
191 my ($class, $path) = @_;
192 $path = $class->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
194 $class->print_environment_vars_for($path);
197 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path);
198 @INC = _uniq(split($Config{path_sep}, $ENV{PERL5LIB}), @INC);
202 sub install_base_bin_path {
203 my ($class, $path) = @_;
204 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
207 sub install_base_perl_path {
208 my ($class, $path) = @_;
209 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
212 sub install_base_arch_path {
213 my ($class, $path) = @_;
214 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $Config{archname});
217 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
218 my ($class, $path) = @_;
220 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
222 File::Path::mkpath($path);
223 # Need to have the path exist to make a short name for it, so
224 # converting to a short name here.
225 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path) if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
230 sub INTERPOLATE_ENV () { 1 }
231 sub LITERAL_ENV () { 0 }
233 sub guess_shelltype {
235 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
236 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
237 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
240 local $_ = $shellbin;
248 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
249 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
250 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
251 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
253 local $_ = $shellbin;
256 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
258 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
268 sub print_environment_vars_for {
269 my ($class, $path) = @_;
270 print $class->environment_vars_string_for($path);
273 sub environment_vars_string_for {
274 my ($class, $path) = @_;
275 my @envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, LITERAL_ENV);
278 # rather basic csh detection, goes on the assumption that something won't
279 # call itself csh unless it really is. also, default to bourne in the
280 # pathological situation where a user doesn't have $ENV{SHELL} defined.
281 # note also that shells with funny names, like zoid, are assumed to be
284 my $shelltype = $class->guess_shelltype;
287 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
288 $value =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g;
289 $out .= $class->${\"build_${shelltype}_env_declaration"}($name, $value);
294 # simple routines that take two arguments: an %ENV key and a value. return
295 # strings that are suitable for passing directly to the relevant shell to set
296 # said key to said value.
297 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
299 my($name, $value) = @_;
300 return qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n};
303 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
305 my($name, $value) = @_;
306 return qq{setenv ${name} "${value}"\n};
309 sub build_win32_env_declaration {
311 my($name, $value) = @_;
312 return qq{set ${name}=${value}\n};
315 sub setup_env_hash_for {
316 my ($class, $path) = @_;
317 my %envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, INTERPOLATE_ENV);
318 @ENV{keys %envs} = values %envs;
321 sub build_environment_vars_for {
322 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
324 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($Config{path_sep},
325 (($ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT}||()) ?
326 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
327 ? ($ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT}||())
328 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT'
329 : '%PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT%' ))
333 PERL_MB_OPT => "--install_base ${path}",
334 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${path}",
335 PERL5LIB => join($Config{path_sep},
336 $class->install_base_arch_path($path),
337 $class->install_base_perl_path($path),
338 (($ENV{PERL5LIB}||()) ?
339 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
341 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PERL5LIB' : '%PERL5LIB%' ))
344 PATH => join($Config{path_sep},
345 $class->install_base_bin_path($path),
346 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
348 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PATH' : '%PATH%' ))
357 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
359 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
361 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
369 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
375 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
377 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
381 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
385 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
386 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
388 # Just print out useful shell commands
390 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
391 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
392 export PERL5LIB='/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5/i386-linux:/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5'
393 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
395 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
397 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
398 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
399 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
400 local::lib in your home directory.
402 If you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
403 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
404 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
405 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
407 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
409 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
411 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
412 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
413 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
418 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
420 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
421 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
423 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
424 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
426 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
428 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
430 make test && make install
432 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
433 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
434 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
437 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
439 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
444 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
446 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to give that as
447 import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this way:
449 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
451 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
452 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
453 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
455 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
456 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
457 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
459 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
461 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
462 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
463 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
464 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
468 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
469 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
470 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
474 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
475 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
476 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
477 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
478 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
481 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
485 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
486 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
488 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
490 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
492 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
493 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
495 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
496 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
497 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
498 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5;C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5\MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
499 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
501 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
502 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\temp.bat
503 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
505 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
506 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
508 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
509 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
510 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
511 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
512 and the subdirectories are created.
516 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
517 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
518 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
519 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
520 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
521 around to packaging up the version you need.
523 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
524 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
525 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
526 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
527 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
528 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
529 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
531 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
532 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
533 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
538 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
539 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
540 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
541 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
542 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
545 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
546 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
547 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
548 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
549 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
551 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
564 PATH is appended to, rather than clobbered.
568 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
570 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
572 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
573 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
574 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
578 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
582 =item Arguments: $path
584 =item Return value: None
588 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
589 an exception on failure.
591 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
595 =item Arguments: $path
597 =item Return value: None
601 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
602 given path as the base directory.
604 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
608 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
610 =item Return value: \%environment_vars
614 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
615 given path as the base directory.
617 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
621 =item Arguments: $path
623 =item Return value: None
627 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
628 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
630 =head2 install_base_perl_path
634 =item Arguments: $path
636 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
640 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
641 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
644 =head2 install_base_arch_path
648 =item Arguments: $path
650 =item Return value: $install_base_arch_path
654 Returns a path describing where to install the architecture-specific Perl
655 modules for this local library installation. Based on the
656 L</install_base_perl_path> method's return value, and appends the value of
657 C<$Config{archname}>.
659 =head2 install_base_bin_path
663 =item Arguments: $path
665 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
669 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
670 local library installation. Based on the L</install_base_perl_path> method's
671 return value, and appends the directory C<bin>.
673 =head2 resolve_empty_path
677 =item Arguments: $path
679 =item Return value: $base_path
683 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
684 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
686 =head2 resolve_home_path
690 =item Arguments: $path
692 =item Return value: $home_path
696 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
697 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
699 =head2 resolve_relative_path
703 =item Arguments: $path
705 =item Return value: $absolute_path
709 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
715 =item Arguments: $path
717 =item Return value: $absolute_path
721 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
722 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
723 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
724 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
725 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
726 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
727 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
730 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
732 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
733 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
734 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
735 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
736 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
737 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
738 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
742 The perl toolchain is unable to handle directory names with spaces in it,
743 so you cant put your local::lib bootstrap into a directory with spaces. What
744 you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces B<after> you
745 installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be aware that you
746 cant update or install CPAN modules after the move.
748 Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
749 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
750 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
751 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
753 Bootstrap is a hack and will use CPAN.pm for ExtUtils::MakeMaker even if you
754 have CPANPLUS installed.
756 Kills any existing PERL5LIB, PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
758 Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
760 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
762 On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment variables
763 to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
765 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
767 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
768 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
769 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
770 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
771 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
772 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
773 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
775 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
777 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
779 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
789 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
790 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
792 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
800 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
804 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
806 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
810 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
811 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
813 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
814 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by Torsten Raudssus
815 <torsten@raudssus.de>.
817 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
818 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
819 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
820 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
821 properly. Many, many thanks!
823 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
824 section. Many thanks!
826 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
828 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
829 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
831 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
832 '--self-contained' option.
834 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
835 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
837 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc patches contributed by Breno
838 G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
842 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
847 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms