11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
49 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
52 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
56 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
59 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
62 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
63 $self = $self->$method(@args);
67 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
71 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
82 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
85 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
86 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
87 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
88 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
89 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
90 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
92 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
93 my $_version = $Config{version};
94 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
95 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
100 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
101 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
104 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
107 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
108 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
109 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
113 [$_version, $_archname],
116 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
120 sub install_base_bin_path {
121 my ($class, $path) = @_;
122 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
124 sub install_base_perl_path {
125 my ($class, $path) = @_;
126 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
128 sub install_base_arch_path {
129 my ($class, $path) = @_;
130 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
134 my ($class, $path) = @_;
135 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
136 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
139 sub _mm_escape_path {
141 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
142 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
143 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
148 sub _mb_escape_path {
150 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
154 sub installer_options_for {
155 my ($class, $path) = @_;
157 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
158 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
164 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
167 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
168 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
169 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
170 } _as_list($self->roots);
175 my ($self, $path) = @_;
176 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
177 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
179 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
181 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
182 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
187 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
188 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
189 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
190 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
193 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
200 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
202 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
205 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
206 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
207 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
208 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
209 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
210 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
211 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
214 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
220 my ($self, $path) = @_;
221 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
222 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
223 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
225 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
227 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
228 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
232 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
233 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
234 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
235 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
238 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
244 my ($self, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
245 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
246 $self = $self->${\($deactivating ? 'deactivate' : 'activate')}($path) if defined $path;
250 sub build_environment_vars_for {
251 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
253 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
254 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
255 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
260 sub setup_local_lib_for {
261 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
262 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
263 @INC = @{$self->inc};
266 sub setup_env_hash_for {
268 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
269 for my $key (keys %env) {
270 if (defined $env{$key}) {
271 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
279 sub print_environment_vars_for {
281 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
284 sub environment_vars_string_for {
285 my $self = _legacy(@_);
287 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
291 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
292 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
297 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
302 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
303 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
306 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
311 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
312 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
313 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
316 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n} : qq{unset ${name}\n};
318 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
319 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
320 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args);
321 @vars = grep { $_ ne $name || defined $value } @vars;
322 $value =~ s/"/"\\""/g
325 (map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars),
327 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
328 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n});
330 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
331 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
332 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%');
335 return defined($value) ? qq{set ${name} "${value}"\n} : qq{set ${name}=\n};
339 my ($class, $args, $start, $end) = @_;
341 unless defined $args;
346 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
347 $end = '' unless defined $end;
349 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
350 (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? do { push @vars, $$_; $start.$$_.$end }
353 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
360 my $last = pop(@methods);
363 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
364 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
381 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
382 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
383 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
390 my ($class, $path) = @_;
392 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
393 resolve_relative_path
398 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path)
404 sub resolve_empty_path {
405 my ($class, $path) = @_;
415 #:: test classmethod setup
417 my $c = 'local::lib';
425 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
426 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
432 sub resolve_home_path {
433 my ($class, $path) = @_;
434 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
435 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
437 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
442 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
445 unless (defined $homedir) {
448 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
449 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
452 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
456 sub resolve_relative_path {
457 my ($class, $path) = @_;
458 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
465 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
466 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
472 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
473 my ($class, $path) = @_;
475 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
477 require File::Basename;
481 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
483 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
491 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
493 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
495 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
501 sub guess_shelltype {
503 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
504 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
505 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
508 local $_ = $shellbin;
516 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
517 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
518 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
519 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
521 local $_ = $shellbin;
524 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
526 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
543 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
549 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
551 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
555 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
559 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
560 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
562 # Just print out useful shell commands
564 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
565 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
566 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
567 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
569 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
571 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
572 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
573 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
574 local::lib in your home directory.
576 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
577 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
578 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
579 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
581 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
583 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
585 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
586 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
587 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
592 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
594 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
595 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
597 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
598 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
600 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
602 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
604 make test && make install
606 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
607 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
608 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
611 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
613 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
618 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
620 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
621 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
624 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
626 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
627 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
628 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
630 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
631 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
632 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
634 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
636 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
637 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
638 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
639 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
643 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
644 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
645 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
649 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
650 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
651 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
653 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
655 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
656 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
657 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
658 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
659 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
660 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
661 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
663 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
664 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
665 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
666 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
667 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
668 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
669 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
672 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
676 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
677 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
679 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
681 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
683 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
684 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
686 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
687 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
688 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
689 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
690 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
692 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
693 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
694 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
696 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
697 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
699 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
700 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
701 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
702 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
703 and the subdirectories are created.
707 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
708 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
709 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
710 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
711 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
712 around to packaging up the version you need.
714 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
715 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
716 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
717 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
718 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
719 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
720 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
722 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
723 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
724 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
729 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
730 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
731 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
732 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
733 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
736 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
737 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
738 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
739 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
740 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
742 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
757 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
759 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
761 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
763 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
764 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
765 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
769 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
770 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
771 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
775 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
776 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
778 =head2 --deactivate-all
780 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
785 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
789 =item Arguments: $path
791 =item Return value: None
795 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
796 an exception on failure.
798 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
802 =item Arguments: $path
804 =item Return value: None
808 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
809 given path as the base directory.
811 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
815 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
817 =item Return value: %environment_vars
821 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
822 given path as the base directory.
824 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
828 =item Arguments: $path
830 =item Return value: None
834 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
835 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
841 =item Arguments: None
843 =item Return value: @paths
847 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
848 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
849 what is really in C<@INC>.
851 =head2 install_base_perl_path
855 =item Arguments: $path
857 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
861 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
862 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
865 =head2 install_base_bin_path
869 =item Arguments: $path
871 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
875 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
876 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
878 =head2 resolve_empty_path
882 =item Arguments: $path
884 =item Return value: $base_path
888 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
889 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
891 =head2 resolve_home_path
895 =item Arguments: $path
897 =item Return value: $home_path
901 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
902 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
904 =head2 resolve_relative_path
908 =item Arguments: $path
910 =item Return value: $absolute_path
914 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
920 =item Arguments: $path
922 =item Return value: $absolute_path
926 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
927 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
928 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
929 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
930 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
931 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
932 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
935 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
937 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
938 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
939 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
940 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
941 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
942 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
943 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
949 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
950 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
951 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
952 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
953 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
954 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
956 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
957 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
958 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
959 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
961 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
963 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
967 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
971 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
972 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
976 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
978 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
979 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
980 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
981 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
982 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
983 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
984 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
986 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
988 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
990 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1000 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1001 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1003 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1011 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1019 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1023 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1025 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1029 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1030 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1032 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1033 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1034 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1036 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1037 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1038 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1039 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1040 properly. Many, many thanks!
1042 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1043 section. Many thanks!
1045 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1047 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1048 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1050 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1051 '--self-contained' option.
1053 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1054 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1056 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1057 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1059 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1060 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1062 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1063 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1067 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1072 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1073 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.