implement 'runtime' keyword attribute
[p5sagit/Function-Parameters.git] / Parameters.xs
index 8082d2b..3cf607b 100644 (file)
@@ -85,92 +85,128 @@ WARNINGS_ENABLE
 #define HINTK_FLAGS_   MY_PKG "/flags:"
 #define HINTK_SHIFT_   MY_PKG "/shift:"
 #define HINTK_ATTRS_   MY_PKG "/attrs:"
+#define HINTK_REIFY_   MY_PKG "/reify:"
 
 #define DEFSTRUCT(T) typedef struct T T; struct T
 
 enum {
-       FLAG_NAME_OK      = 0x01,
-       FLAG_ANON_OK      = 0x02,
-       FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS = 0x04,
-       FLAG_CHECK_NARGS  = 0x08,
-       FLAG_INVOCANT     = 0x10,
-       FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS = 0x20
+       FLAG_NAME_OK      = 0x001,
+       FLAG_ANON_OK      = 0x002,
+       FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS = 0x004,
+       FLAG_CHECK_NARGS  = 0x008,
+       FLAG_INVOCANT     = 0x010,
+       FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS = 0x020,
+       FLAG_TYPES_OK     = 0x040,
+       FLAG_CHECK_TARGS  = 0x080,
+       FLAG_RUNTIME      = 0x100
 };
 
 DEFSTRUCT(KWSpec) {
        unsigned flags;
+       I32 reify_type;
        SV *shift;
        SV *attrs;
 };
 
 static int (*next_keyword_plugin)(pTHX_ char *, STRLEN, OP **);
 
-static int kw_flags(pTHX_ const char *kw_ptr, STRLEN kw_len, KWSpec *spec) {
-       HV *hints;
-       SV *sv, **psv;
-       const char *p, *kw_active;
-       STRLEN kw_active_len;
+DEFSTRUCT(Resource) {
+       Resource *next;
+       void *data;
+       void (*destroy)(pTHX_ void *);
+};
 
-       spec->flags = 0;
-       spec->shift = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
-       spec->attrs = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+typedef Resource *Sentinel[1];
 
-       if (!(hints = GvHV(PL_hintgv))) {
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       if (!(psv = hv_fetchs(hints, HINTK_KEYWORDS, 0))) {
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       sv = *psv;
-       kw_active = SvPV(sv, kw_active_len);
-       if (kw_active_len <= kw_len) {
-               return FALSE;
+static void sentinel_clear_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
+       Resource **pp = p;
+       while (*pp) {
+               Resource *cur = *pp;
+               if (cur->destroy) {
+                       cur->destroy(aTHX_ cur->data);
+               }
+               cur->data = (void *)"no";
+               cur->destroy = NULL;
+               *pp = cur->next;
+               Safefree(cur);
        }
-       for (
-               p = kw_active;
-               (p = strchr(p, *kw_ptr)) &&
-               p < kw_active + kw_active_len - kw_len;
-               p++
-       ) {
-               if (
-                       (p == kw_active || p[-1] == ' ') &&
-                       p[kw_len] == ' ' &&
-                       memcmp(kw_ptr, p, kw_len) == 0
-               ) {
+}
 
-#define FETCH_HINTK_INTO(NAME, PTR, LEN, X) STMT_START { \
-       const char *fk_ptr_; \
-       STRLEN fk_len_; \
-       SV *fk_sv_; \
-       fk_sv_ = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(HINTK_ ## NAME)); \
-       sv_catpvn(fk_sv_, PTR, LEN); \
-       fk_ptr_ = SvPV(fk_sv_, fk_len_); \
-       if (!((X) = hv_fetch(hints, fk_ptr_, fk_len_, 0))) { \
-               croak("%s: internal error: $^H{'%.*s'} not set", MY_PKG, (int)fk_len_, fk_ptr_); \
-       } \
-} STMT_END
+static Resource *sentinel_register(Sentinel sen, void *data, void (*destroy)(pTHX_ void *)) {
+       Resource *cur;
 
-                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(FLAGS_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
-                       spec->flags = SvIV(*psv);
+       Newx(cur, 1, Resource);
+       cur->data = data;
+       cur->destroy = destroy;
+       cur->next = *sen;
+       *sen = cur;
 
-                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(SHIFT_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
-                       SvSetSV(spec->shift, *psv);
+       return cur;
+}
 
-                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(ATTRS_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
-                       SvSetSV(spec->attrs, *psv);
+static void sentinel_disarm(Resource *p) {
+       p->destroy = NULL;
+}
 
-#undef FETCH_HINTK_INTO
-                       return TRUE;
-               }
+static void my_sv_refcnt_dec_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
+       SV *sv = p;
+       SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
+}
+
+static SV *sentinel_mortalize(Sentinel sen, SV *sv) {
+       sentinel_register(sen, sv, my_sv_refcnt_dec_void);
+       return sv;
+}
+
+
+#if HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 17, 2)
+ #define MY_OP_SLABBED(O) ((O)->op_slabbed)
+#else
+ #define MY_OP_SLABBED(O) 0
+#endif
+
+DEFSTRUCT(OpGuard) {
+       OP *op;
+       bool needs_freed;
+};
+
+static void op_guard_init(OpGuard *p) {
+       p->op = NULL;
+       p->needs_freed = FALSE;
+}
+
+static OpGuard op_guard_transfer(OpGuard *p) {
+       OpGuard r = *p;
+       op_guard_init(p);
+       return r;
+}
+
+static OP *op_guard_relinquish(OpGuard *p) {
+       OP *o = p->op;
+       op_guard_init(p);
+       return o;
+}
+
+static void op_guard_update(OpGuard *p, OP *o) {
+       p->op = o;
+       p->needs_freed = o && !MY_OP_SLABBED(o);
+}
+
+static void op_guard_clear(pTHX_ OpGuard *p) {
+       if (p->needs_freed) {
+               op_free(p->op);
        }
-       return FALSE;
 }
 
+static void free_op_guard_void(pTHX_ void *vp) {
+       OpGuard *p = vp;
+       op_guard_clear(aTHX_ p);
+       Safefree(p);
+}
 
-static void free_ptr_op(pTHX_ void *vp) {
-       OP **pp = vp;
-       op_free(*pp);
-       Safefree(pp);
+static void free_op_void(pTHX_ void *vp) {
+       OP *p = vp;
+       op_free(p);
 }
 
 #define sv_eq_pvs(SV, S) my_sv_eq_pvn(aTHX_ SV, "" S "", sizeof (S) - 1)
@@ -193,29 +229,21 @@ enum {
 
 static void my_sv_cat_c(pTHX_ SV *sv, U32 c) {
        char ds[UTF8_MAXBYTES + 1], *d;
-       d = uvchr_to_utf8(ds, c);
+       d = (char *)uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *)ds, c);
        if (d - ds > 1) {
                sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
        }
        sv_catpvn(sv, ds, d - ds);
 }
 
-static bool my_is_uni_xidfirst(pTHX_ UV c) {
-       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES + 1];
-       uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, c);
-       return is_utf8_xidfirst(tmpbuf);
-}
 
-static bool my_is_uni_xidcont(pTHX_ UV c) {
-       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES + 1];
-       uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, c);
-       return is_utf8_xidcont(tmpbuf);
-}
+#define MY_UNI_IDFIRST(C) isIDFIRST_uni(C)
+#define MY_UNI_IDCONT(C)  isALNUM_uni(C)
 
-static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ bool allow_package) {
+static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, bool allow_package) {
        bool at_start, at_substart;
        I32 c;
-       SV *sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+       SV *sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
        if (lex_bufutf8()) {
                SvUTF8_on(sv);
        }
@@ -224,7 +252,7 @@ static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ bool allow_package) {
        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
 
        while (c != -1) {
-               if (at_substart ? my_is_uni_xidfirst(aTHX_ c) : my_is_uni_xidcont(aTHX_ c)) {
+               if (at_substart ? MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c) : MY_UNI_IDCONT(c)) {
                        lex_read_unichar(0);
                        my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ sv, c);
                        at_substart = FALSE;
@@ -232,7 +260,7 @@ static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ bool allow_package) {
                } else if (allow_package && !at_substart && c == '\'') {
                        lex_read_unichar(0);
                        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-                       if (!my_is_uni_xidfirst(aTHX_ c)) {
+                       if (!MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c)) {
                                lex_stuff_pvs("'", 0);
                                break;
                        }
@@ -246,7 +274,7 @@ static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ bool allow_package) {
                        }
                        lex_read_unichar(0);
                        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-                       if (!my_is_uni_xidfirst(aTHX_ c)) {
+                       if (!MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c)) {
                                lex_stuff_pvs("::", 0);
                                break;
                        }
@@ -261,14 +289,14 @@ static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ bool allow_package) {
        return SvCUR(sv) ? sv : NULL;
 }
 
-static SV *my_scan_parens_tail(pTHX_ bool keep_backslash) {
+static SV *my_scan_parens_tail(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, bool keep_backslash) {
        I32 c, nesting;
        SV *sv;
        line_t start;
 
        start = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
 
-       sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+       sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
        if (lex_bufutf8()) {
                SvUTF8_on(sv);
        }
@@ -305,7 +333,7 @@ static SV *my_scan_parens_tail(pTHX_ bool keep_backslash) {
        return sv;
 }
 
-static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
+static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
        char *start, *r, *w, *end;
        STRLEN len;
 
@@ -329,7 +357,7 @@ static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
 
        /* check for bad characters */
        if (strspn(start, "$@%*;[]&\\_+") != len) {
-               SV *dsv = newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
+               SV *dsv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
                warner(
                        packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
                        "Illegal character in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
@@ -414,15 +442,118 @@ static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
        }
 }
 
+static SV *parse_type(pTHX_ Sentinel, const SV *);
+
+static SV *parse_type_paramd(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator) {
+       I32 c;
+       SV *t;
+
+       t = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, TRUE);
+       lex_read_space(0);
+
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       if (c == '[') {
+               SV *u;
+
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+               my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ t, c);
+
+               u = parse_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
+               sv_catsv(t, u);
+
+               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+               if (c != ']') {
+                       croak("In %"SVf": missing ']' after '%"SVf"'", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(t));
+               }
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ t, c);
+       }
+
+       return t;
+}
+
+static SV *parse_type(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator) {
+       I32 c;
+       SV *t;
+
+       t = parse_type_paramd(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
+
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       while (c == '|') {
+               SV *u;
+
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ t, c);
+               u = parse_type_paramd(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
+               sv_catsv(t, u);
+
+               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       }
+
+       return t;
+}
+
+static SV *reify_type(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator, const KWSpec *spec, SV *name) {
+       AV *type_reifiers;
+       SV *t, *sv, **psv;
+       int n;
+       dSP;
+
+       type_reifiers = get_av(MY_PKG "::type_reifiers", 0);
+       assert(type_reifiers != NULL);
+
+       if (spec->reify_type < 0 || spec->reify_type > av_len(type_reifiers)) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": internal error: reify_type [%ld] out of range [%ld]", SVfARG(declarator), (long)spec->reify_type, (long)(av_len(type_reifiers) + 1));
+       }
+
+       psv = av_fetch(type_reifiers, spec->reify_type, 0);
+       assert(psv != NULL);
+       sv = *psv;
+
+       ENTER;
+       SAVETMPS;
+
+       PUSHMARK(SP);
+       EXTEND(SP, 2);
+       PUSHs(name);
+       PUSHs(PL_curstname);
+       PUTBACK;
+
+       n = call_sv(sv, G_SCALAR);
+       SPAGAIN;
+
+       assert(n == 1);
+       /* don't warn about n being unused if assert() is compiled out */
+       n = n;
+
+       t = sentinel_mortalize(sen, SvREFCNT_inc(POPs));
+
+       PUTBACK;
+       FREETMPS;
+       LEAVE;
+
+       if (!SvTRUE(t)) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": undefined type '%"SVf"'", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+       }
+
+       return t;
+}
+
 
 DEFSTRUCT(Param) {
        SV *name;
        PADOFFSET padoff;
+       SV *type;
 };
 
 DEFSTRUCT(ParamInit) {
        Param param;
-       OP *init;
+       OpGuard init;
 };
 
 #define VEC(B) B ## _Vec
@@ -448,6 +579,7 @@ DEFSTRUCT(ParamSpec) {
        VEC(Param) named_required;
        VEC(ParamInit) named_optional;
        Param slurpy;
+       PADOFFSET rest_hash;
 };
 
 DEFVECTOR_INIT(pv_init, Param);
@@ -456,6 +588,7 @@ DEFVECTOR_INIT(piv_init, ParamInit);
 static void p_init(Param *p) {
        p->name = NULL;
        p->padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
+       p->type = NULL;
 }
 
 static void ps_init(ParamSpec *ps) {
@@ -465,6 +598,7 @@ static void ps_init(ParamSpec *ps) {
        pv_init(&ps->named_required);
        piv_init(&ps->named_optional);
        p_init(&ps->slurpy);
+       ps->rest_hash = NOT_IN_PAD;
 }
 
 #define DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(N, B) static B (*N(VEC(B) *p)) { \
@@ -493,14 +627,12 @@ DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(piv_extend, ParamInit);
 static void p_clear(pTHX_ Param *p) {
        p->name = NULL;
        p->padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
+       p->type = NULL;
 }
 
 static void pi_clear(pTHX_ ParamInit *pi) {
        p_clear(aTHX_ &pi->param);
-       if (pi->init) {
-               op_free(pi->init);
-               pi->init = NULL;
-       }
+       op_guard_clear(aTHX_ &pi->init);
 }
 
 DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(pv_clear, Param, p_clear);
@@ -594,28 +726,99 @@ static size_t count_named_params(const ParamSpec *ps) {
        return ps->named_required.used + ps->named_optional.used;
 }
 
+static SV *my_eval(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, I32 floor, OP *op) {
+       SV *sv;
+       CV *cv;
+       dSP;
+
+       cv = newATTRSUB(floor, NULL, NULL, NULL, op);
+
+       ENTER;
+       SAVETMPS;
+
+       PUSHMARK(SP);
+       call_sv((SV *)cv, G_SCALAR | G_NOARGS);
+       SPAGAIN;
+       sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, SvREFCNT_inc(POPs));
+
+       PUTBACK;
+       FREETMPS;
+       LEAVE;
+
+       return sv;
+}
+
 enum {
        PARAM_INVOCANT = 0x01,
        PARAM_NAMED    = 0x02
 };
 
-/* *pinit must be NULL on entry.
- * caller must free *pinit on error.
- */
 static PADOFFSET parse_param(
        pTHX_
+       Sentinel sen,
        const SV *declarator, const KWSpec *spec, ParamSpec *param_spec,
-       int *pflags, SV **pname, OP **pinit
+       int *pflags, SV **pname, OpGuard *ginit, SV **ptype
 ) {
        I32 c;
        char sigil;
        SV *name;
 
-       assert(!*pinit);
+       assert(!ginit->op);
        *pflags = 0;
+       *ptype = NULL;
 
        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
 
+       if (spec->flags & FLAG_TYPES_OK) {
+               if (c == '(') {
+                       I32 floor;
+                       OP *expr;
+                       Resource *expr_sentinel;
+
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+
+                       floor = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
+                       SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
+                       CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
+
+                       if (!(expr = parse_fullexpr(PARSE_OPTIONAL))) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": invalid type expression", SVfARG(declarator));
+                       }
+                       if (MY_OP_SLABBED(expr)) {
+                               expr_sentinel = NULL;
+                       } else {
+                               expr_sentinel = sentinel_register(sen, expr, free_op_void);
+                       }
+
+                       lex_read_space(0);
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (c != ')') {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": missing ')' after type expression", SVfARG(declarator));
+                       }
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       lex_read_space(0);
+
+                       SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
+                       if (expr_sentinel) {
+                               sentinel_disarm(expr_sentinel);
+                       }
+                       *ptype = my_eval(aTHX_ sen, floor, expr);
+                       if (!SvROK(*ptype)) {
+                               *ptype = reify_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator, spec, *ptype);
+                       }
+                       if (!sv_isobject(*ptype)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": (%"SVf") doesn't look like a type object", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(*ptype));
+                       }
+
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+               } else if (MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c)) {
+                       *ptype = parse_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
+                       *ptype = reify_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator, spec, *ptype);
+
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+               }
+       }
+
        if (c == ':') {
                lex_read_unichar(0);
                lex_read_space(0);
@@ -628,6 +831,7 @@ static PADOFFSET parse_param(
        if (c == -1) {
                croak("In %"SVf": unterminated parameter list", SVfARG(declarator));
        }
+
        if (!(c == '$' || c == '@' || c == '%')) {
                croak("In %"SVf": unexpected '%c' in parameter list (expecting a sigil)", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
        }
@@ -637,7 +841,7 @@ static PADOFFSET parse_param(
        lex_read_unichar(0);
        lex_read_space(0);
 
-       if (!(name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ FALSE))) {
+       if (!(name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
                croak("In %"SVf": missing identifier after '%c'", SVfARG(declarator), sigil);
        }
        sv_insert(name, 0, 0, &sigil, 1);
@@ -656,7 +860,7 @@ static PADOFFSET parse_param(
                        param_spec->invocant.padoff = pad_add_name_sv(param_spec->invocant.name, 0, NULL, NULL);
                }
 
-               *pinit = parse_termexpr(0);
+               op_guard_update(ginit, parse_termexpr(0));
 
                lex_read_space(0);
                c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
@@ -689,69 +893,239 @@ static OP *my_var(pTHX_ I32 flags, PADOFFSET padoff) {
        return my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADSV, flags, padoff);
 }
 
-static SV *mkbits1(pTHX_ size_t n) {
-       size_t bytes = n / 8, bits = n % 8;
-       SV *sv = newSV(bytes + !!bits);
-       char *p = SvPVX(sv), *q = p;
-       while (bytes--) {
-               *p++ = '\xff';
+static OP *mkhvelem(pTHX_ PADOFFSET h, OP *k) {
+       OP *hv = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, OPf_REF, h);
+       return newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, hv, k);
+}
+
+static OP *mkconstsv(pTHX_ SV *sv) {
+       return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv);
+}
+
+static OP *mkconstiv(pTHX_ IV i) {
+       return mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSViv(i));
+}
+
+static OP *mkconstpv(pTHX_ const char *p, size_t n) {
+       return mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpv(p, n));
+}
+
+#define mkconstpvs(S) mkconstpv(aTHX_ "" S "", sizeof S - 1)
+
+static OP *mktypecheck(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, int nr, SV *name, PADOFFSET padoff, SV *type) {
+       /* $type->check($value) or Carp::croak "...: " . $type->get_message($value) */
+       OP *chk, *err, *msg, *xcroak;
+
+       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": parameter %d (%"SVf"): ", SVfARG(declarator), nr, SVfARG(name)));
+       {
+               OP *args = NULL;
+
+               args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(type)));
+               args = op_append_elem(
+                       OP_LIST, args,
+                       padoff == NOT_IN_PAD
+                               ? S_newDEFSVOP(aTHX)
+                               : my_var(aTHX_ 0, padoff)
+               );
+               args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, mkconstpvs("get_message")));
+
+               msg = args;
+               msg->op_type = OP_ENTERSUB;
+               msg->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB];
+               msg->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
        }
-       if (bits) {
-               *p++ = (1u << bits) - 1;
+
+       msg = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, err, msg);
+
+       xcroak = newCVREF(
+               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+       );
+       xcroak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, xcroak));
+
+       {
+               OP *args = NULL;
+
+               args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(type)));
+               args = op_append_elem(
+                       OP_LIST, args,
+                       padoff == NOT_IN_PAD
+                               ? S_newDEFSVOP(aTHX)
+                               : my_var(aTHX_ 0, padoff)
+               );
+               args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, mkconstpvs("check")));
+
+               chk = args;
+               chk->op_type = OP_ENTERSUB;
+               chk->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB];
+               chk->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
        }
-       *p = '\0';
-       SvCUR_set(sv, p - q);
-       SvPOK_on(sv);
-       return sv;
+
+       chk = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, chk, xcroak);
+       return chk;
 }
 
-static OP *mkvecbits(pTHX_ PADOFFSET padoff, size_t i) {
-       OP *first, *mid, *last, *vec;
+static OP *mktypecheckp(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, int nr, const Param *param) {
+       return mktypecheck(aTHX_ declarator, nr, param->name, param->padoff, param->type);
+}
 
-       last = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1));
-       first = last;
+static void register_info(pTHX_ UV key, SV *declarator, const KWSpec *kws, const ParamSpec *ps) {
+       dSP;
 
-       mid = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(i));
-       mid->op_sibling = first;
-       first = mid;
+       ENTER;
+       SAVETMPS;
 
-       mid = my_var(aTHX_ 0, padoff);
-       mid->op_sibling = first;
+       PUSHMARK(SP);
+       EXTEND(SP, 10);
 
-       first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
+       /* 0 */ {
+               mPUSHu(key);
+       }
+       /* 1 */ {
+               STRLEN n;
+               char *p = SvPV(declarator, n);
+               char *q = memchr(p, ' ', n);
+               SV *tmp = newSVpvn_utf8(p, q ? (size_t)(q - p) : n, SvUTF8(declarator));
+               mPUSHs(tmp);
+       }
+       if (!ps) {
+               if (SvTRUE(kws->shift)) {
+                       PUSHs(kws->shift);
+               } else {
+                       PUSHmortal;
+               }
+               PUSHmortal;
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHp("@_", 2);
+               PUSHmortal;
+       } else {
+               /* 2, 3 */ {
+                       if (ps->invocant.name) {
+                               PUSHs(ps->invocant.name);
+                               if (ps->invocant.type) {
+                                       PUSHs(ps->invocant.type);
+                               } else {
+                                       PUSHmortal;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                       }
+               }
+               /* 4 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
 
-       vec = newLISTOP(OP_VEC, 0, first, mid);
-       vec->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_VEC, SVs_PADTMP);
-       ((LISTOP *)vec)->op_last = last;
-       op_null(((LISTOP *)vec)->op_first);
+                       lim = ps->positional_required.used;
 
-       return vec;
-}
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       Param *cur = &ps->positional_required.data[i];
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
+                                       av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 5 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
 
-static OP *mkargselem(pTHX_ OP *index) {
-       OP *args = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
-       args->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
+                       lim = ps->positional_optional.used;
 
-       return newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, args, index);
-}
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       Param *cur = &ps->positional_optional.data[i].param;
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
+                                       av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 6 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
+
+                       lim = ps->named_required.used;
+
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       Param *cur = &ps->named_required.data[i];
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
+                                       av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 7 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
+
+                       lim = ps->named_optional.used;
+
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       Param *cur = &ps->named_optional.data[i].param;
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
+                                       av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 8, 9 */ {
+                       if (ps->slurpy.name) {
+                               PUSHs(ps->slurpy.name);
+                               if (ps->slurpy.type) {
+                                       PUSHs(ps->slurpy.type);
+                               } else {
+                                       PUSHmortal;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       PUTBACK;
 
-static OP *mkargselemv(pTHX_ PADOFFSET v) {
-       return mkargselem(aTHX_ my_var(aTHX_ 0, v));
+       call_pv(MY_PKG "::_register_info", G_VOID);
+
+       FREETMPS;
+       LEAVE;
 }
 
-static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, const KWSpec *spec) {
+static int parse_fun(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, const KWSpec *spec) {
        ParamSpec *param_spec;
        SV *declarator;
        I32 floor_ix;
        int save_ix;
        SV *saw_name;
-       OP **prelude_sentinel;
+       OpGuard *prelude_sentinel;
        SV *proto;
-       OP **attrs_sentinel, *body;
+       OpGuard *attrs_sentinel;
+       OP *body;
        unsigned builtin_attrs;
        I32 c;
 
-       declarator = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(keyword_ptr, keyword_len));
+       declarator = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvn(keyword_ptr, keyword_len));
+       if (lex_bufutf8()) {
+               SvUTF8_on(declarator);
+       }
 
        lex_read_space(0);
 
@@ -759,7 +1133,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
 
        /* function name */
        saw_name = NULL;
-       if ((spec->flags & FLAG_NAME_OK) && (saw_name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ TRUE))) {
+       if ((spec->flags & FLAG_NAME_OK) && (saw_name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, TRUE))) {
 
                if (PL_parser->expect != XSTATE) {
                        /* bail out early so we don't predeclare $saw_name */
@@ -794,35 +1168,35 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
        save_ix = S_block_start(aTHX_ TRUE);
 
        /* initialize synthetic optree */
-       Newx(prelude_sentinel, 1, OP *);
-       *prelude_sentinel = NULL;
-       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(free_ptr_op, prelude_sentinel);
+       Newx(prelude_sentinel, 1, OpGuard);
+       op_guard_init(prelude_sentinel);
+       sentinel_register(sen, prelude_sentinel, free_op_guard_void);
 
        /* parameters */
        param_spec = NULL;
 
        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
        if (c == '(') {
-               OP **init_sentinel;
+               OpGuard *init_sentinel;
 
-               Newx(init_sentinel, 1, OP *);
-               *init_sentinel = NULL;
-               SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(free_ptr_op, init_sentinel);
+               Newx(init_sentinel, 1, OpGuard);
+               op_guard_init(init_sentinel);
+               sentinel_register(sen, init_sentinel, free_op_guard_void);
 
                Newx(param_spec, 1, ParamSpec);
                ps_init(param_spec);
-               SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(ps_free_void, param_spec);
+               sentinel_register(sen, param_spec, ps_free_void);
 
                lex_read_unichar(0);
                lex_read_space(0);
 
                while ((c = lex_peek_unichar(0)) != ')') {
                        int flags;
-                       SV *name;
+                       SV *name, *type;
                        char sigil;
                        PADOFFSET padoff;
 
-                       padoff = parse_param(aTHX_ declarator, spec, param_spec, &flags, &name, init_sentinel);
+                       padoff = parse_param(aTHX_ sen, declarator, spec, param_spec, &flags, &name, init_sentinel, &type);
 
                        S_intro_my(aTHX);
 
@@ -837,13 +1211,13 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                        croak("In %"SVf": named parameter %"SVf" can't be a%s", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), sigil == '@' ? "n array" : " hash");
                                }
                        } else if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
-                               if (*init_sentinel) {
+                               if (init_sentinel->op) {
                                        croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't have a default value", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
                                }
                                if (sigil != '$') {
                                        croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't be a%s", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), sigil == '@' ? "n array" : " hash");
                                }
-                       } else if (sigil != '$' && *init_sentinel) {
+                       } else if (sigil != '$' && init_sentinel->op) {
                                croak("In %"SVf": %s %"SVf" can't have a default value", SVfARG(declarator), sigil == '@' ? "array" : "hash", SVfARG(name));
                        }
 
@@ -852,9 +1226,10 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                croak("In %"SVf": I was expecting \")\" after \"%"SVf"\", not \"%"SVf"\"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->slurpy.name), SVfARG(name));
                        }
                        if (sigil != '$') {
-                               assert(!*init_sentinel);
+                               assert(!init_sentinel->op);
                                param_spec->slurpy.name = name;
                                param_spec->slurpy.padoff = padoff;
+                               param_spec->slurpy.type = type;
                                continue;
                        }
 
@@ -874,10 +1249,11 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                }
                                param_spec->invocant.name = name;
                                param_spec->invocant.padoff = padoff;
+                               param_spec->invocant.type = type;
                                continue;
                        }
 
-                       if (*init_sentinel && !(spec->flags & FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS)) {
+                       if (init_sentinel->op && !(spec->flags & FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS)) {
                                croak("In %"SVf": default argument for %"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
                        }
 
@@ -890,35 +1266,39 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                        croak("In %"SVf": named parameter :%"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
                                }
 
-                               if (*init_sentinel) {
+                               if (init_sentinel->op) {
                                        ParamInit *pi = piv_extend(&param_spec->named_optional);
                                        pi->param.name = name;
                                        pi->param.padoff = padoff;
-                                       pi->init = *init_sentinel;
-                                       *init_sentinel = NULL;
+                                       pi->param.type = type;
+                                       pi->init = op_guard_transfer(init_sentinel);
                                        param_spec->named_optional.used++;
                                } else {
+                                       Param *p;
+
                                        if (param_spec->positional_optional.used) {
                                                croak("In %"SVf": can't combine optional positional (%"SVf") and required named (%"SVf") parameters", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->positional_optional.data[0].param.name), SVfARG(name));
                                        }
 
-                                       Param *p = pv_extend(&param_spec->named_required);
+                                       p = pv_extend(&param_spec->named_required);
                                        p->name = name;
                                        p->padoff = padoff;
+                                       p->type = type;
                                        param_spec->named_required.used++;
                                }
                        } else {
-                               if (*init_sentinel || param_spec->positional_optional.used) {
+                               if (init_sentinel->op || param_spec->positional_optional.used) {
                                        ParamInit *pi = piv_extend(&param_spec->positional_optional);
                                        pi->param.name = name;
                                        pi->param.padoff = padoff;
-                                       pi->init = *init_sentinel;
-                                       *init_sentinel = NULL;
+                                       pi->param.type = type;
+                                       pi->init = op_guard_transfer(init_sentinel);
                                        param_spec->positional_optional.used++;
                                } else {
                                        Param *p = pv_extend(&param_spec->positional_required);
                                        p->name = name;
                                        p->padoff = padoff;
+                                       p->type = type;
                                        param_spec->positional_required.used++;
                                }
                        }
@@ -926,7 +1306,6 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                }
                lex_read_unichar(0);
                lex_read_space(0);
-               *init_sentinel = NULL;
 
                if (!param_spec->invocant.name && SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
                        if (ps_contains(aTHX_ param_spec, spec->shift)) {
@@ -951,19 +1330,23 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        c = ':';
                } else {
                        lex_read_unichar(0);
-                       if (!(proto = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ FALSE))) {
+                       if (!(proto = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
                                croak("In %"SVf": prototype not terminated", SVfARG(declarator));
                        }
-                       my_check_prototype(aTHX_ declarator, proto);
+                       my_check_prototype(aTHX_ sen, declarator, proto);
                        lex_read_space(0);
                        c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (!(c == ':' || c == '{')) {
+                               lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
+                               c = ':';
+                       }
                }
        }
 
        /* attributes */
-       Newx(attrs_sentinel, 1, OP *);
-       *attrs_sentinel = NULL;
-       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(free_ptr_op, attrs_sentinel);
+       Newx(attrs_sentinel, 1, OpGuard);
+       op_guard_init(attrs_sentinel);
+       sentinel_register(sen, attrs_sentinel, free_op_guard_void);
 
        if (c == ':' || c == '{') /* '}' - hi, vim */ {
 
@@ -981,7 +1364,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        for (;;) {
                                SV *attr;
 
-                               if (!(attr = my_scan_word(aTHX_ FALSE))) {
+                               if (!(attr = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
                                        break;
                                }
 
@@ -999,7 +1382,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                } else {
                                        SV *sv;
                                        lex_read_unichar(0);
-                                       if (!(sv = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ TRUE))) {
+                                       if (!(sv = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ sen, TRUE))) {
                                                croak("In %"SVf": unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list", SVfARG(declarator));
                                        }
                                        sv_catpvs(attr, "(");
@@ -1011,7 +1394,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                }
 
                                if (attr) {
-                                       *attrs_sentinel = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *attrs_sentinel, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(attr)));
+                                       op_guard_update(attrs_sentinel, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs_sentinel->op, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(attr))));
                                }
 
                                if (c == ':') {
@@ -1029,7 +1412,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
        }
 
        /* surprise predeclaration! */
-       if (saw_name) {
+       if (saw_name && !(spec->flags & FLAG_RUNTIME)) {
                /* 'sub NAME (PROTO);' to make name/proto known to perl before it
                   starts parsing the body */
                const I32 sub_ix = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
@@ -1039,8 +1422,8 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
 
                newATTRSUB(
                        sub_ix,
-                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
-                       proto ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
+                       mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
+                       proto ? mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
                        NULL,
                        NULL
                );
@@ -1059,91 +1442,97 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
        /* check number of arguments */
        if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
                int amin, amax;
-               size_t named;
 
                amin = args_min(aTHX_ param_spec, spec);
                if (amin > 0) {
-                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
-
-                       err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                         newSVpvf("Not enough arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amin));
-                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                          err,
-                                          newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)));
-                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                          err,
-                                          newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(")")));
-
-                       croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                            newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *xcroak;
+
+                       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Not enough arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amin));
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
+                       );
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               mkconstpvs(")")
+                       );
+
+                       xcroak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                         newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
                        err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                         op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+                                     op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, xcroak));
 
                        cond = newBINOP(OP_LT, 0,
-                                           newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                           newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(amin)));
+                                       newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                       mkconstiv(aTHX_ amin));
                        chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
 
-                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk)));
                }
 
                amax = args_max(param_spec);
                if (amax >= 0) {
-                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
-
-                       err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                         newSVpvf("Too many arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amax));
-                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                          err,
-                                          newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)));
-                       err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                          err,
-                                          newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(")")));
-
-                       croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                            newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *xcroak;
+
+                       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Too many arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amax));
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
+                       );
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               mkconstpvs(")")
+                       );
+
+                       xcroak = newCVREF(
+                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                       );
                        err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                         op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+                       op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, xcroak));
 
-                       cond = newBINOP(OP_GT, 0,
-                                           newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                           newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(amax)));
+                       cond = newBINOP(
+                               OP_GT, 0,
+                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                               mkconstiv(aTHX_ amax)
+                       );
                        chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
 
-                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk)));
                }
 
                if (param_spec && (count_named_params(param_spec) || (param_spec->slurpy.name && SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '%'))) {
-                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *croak;
+                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *xcroak;
                        const UV fixed = count_positional_params(param_spec) + !!param_spec->invocant.name;
 
-                       err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                         newSVpvf("Odd number of paired arguments for %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator)));
+                       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Odd number of paired arguments for %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator)));
 
-                       croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                            newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                       xcroak = newCVREF(
+                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                       );
                        err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                         op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
+                       op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, xcroak));
 
                        cond = newBINOP(OP_GT, 0,
-                                           fixed
-                                           ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
-                                                      newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                                      newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv(fixed)))
-                                           : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                           newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)));
+                                       newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                       mkconstiv(aTHX_ fixed));
                        cond = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0,
-                                           cond,
-                                           newBINOP(OP_MODULO, 0,
-                                                    fixed
-                                                    ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
-                                                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv(fixed)))
-                                                    : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                                    newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(2))));
+                                       cond,
+                                       newBINOP(OP_MODULO, 0,
+                                                fixed
+                                                ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
+                                                           newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                                           mkconstiv(aTHX_ fixed))
+                                                : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                                mkconstiv(aTHX_ 2)));
                        chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
 
-                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk));
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk)));
                }
        }
 
@@ -1159,7 +1548,7 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        );
                        var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newOP(OP_SHIFT, 0));
 
-                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
                }
        } else {
                /* my $invocant = shift; */
@@ -1173,7 +1562,11 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                        );
                        var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newOP(OP_SHIFT, 0));
 
-                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
+
+                       if (param_spec->invocant.type && (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_TARGS)) {
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, 0, &param_spec->invocant))));
+                       }
                }
 
                /* my (...) = @_; */
@@ -1201,23 +1594,58 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
                        }
 
-                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
-                               if (count_named_params(param_spec)) {
-                                       OP *const var = my_var_g(
-                                               aTHX_
-                                               SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@' ? OP_PADAV : OP_PADHV,
-                                               OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
-                                               param_spec->slurpy.padoff
-                                       );
-                                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                       {
+                               PADOFFSET padoff;
+                               I32 type;
+                               bool slurpy_hash;
+
+                               /*
+                                * cases:
+                                *  1) no named params
+                                *   1.1) slurpy
+                                *       => put it in
+                                *   1.2) no slurpy
+                                *       => nop
+                                *  2) named params
+                                *   2.1) no slurpy
+                                *       => synthetic %{rest}
+                                *   2.2) slurpy is a hash
+                                *       => put it in
+                                *   2.3) slurpy is an array
+                                *       => synthetic %{rest}
+                                *          remember to declare array later
+                                */
+
+                               slurpy_hash = param_spec->slurpy.name && SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '%';
+                               if (!count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                                               padoff = param_spec->slurpy.padoff;
+                                               type = slurpy_hash ? OP_PADHV : OP_PADAV;
+                                       } else {
+                                               padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
+                                               type = OP_PADSV;
+                                       }
+                               } else if (slurpy_hash) {
+                                       padoff = param_spec->slurpy.padoff;
+                                       type = OP_PADHV;
                                } else {
+                                       padoff = param_spec->rest_hash = pad_add_name_pvs("%{rest}", 0, NULL, NULL);
+                                       type = OP_PADHV;
+                               }
+
+                               if (padoff != NOT_IN_PAD) {
                                        OP *const var = my_var_g(
                                                aTHX_
-                                               SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@' ? OP_PADAV : OP_PADHV,
+                                               type,
                                                OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
-                                               param_spec->slurpy.padoff
+                                               padoff
                                        );
+
                                        lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
+
+                                       if (type == OP_PADHV) {
+                                               param_spec->rest_hash = padoff;
+                                       }
                                }
                        }
 
@@ -1226,17 +1654,17 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                lhs->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
                                rhs = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
 
-                               *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(
-                                       OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel,
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(
+                                       OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op,
                                        newSTATEOP(
                                                0, NULL,
                                                newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, lhs, 0, rhs)
                                        )
-                               );
+                               ));
                        }
                }
 
-               /* default arguments */
+               /* default positional arguments */
                {
                        size_t i, lim, req;
                        OP *nest;
@@ -1251,16 +1679,15 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                cond = newBINOP(
                                        OP_LT, 0,
                                        newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
-                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(req + i + 1))
+                                       mkconstiv(aTHX_ req + i + 1)
                                );
 
                                var = my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->param.padoff);
 
                                nest = op_append_list(
                                        OP_LINESEQ, nest,
-                                       newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cur->init)
+                                       newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, op_guard_relinquish(&cur->init))
                                );
-                               cur->init = NULL;
                                nest = newCONDOP(
                                        0,
                                        cond,
@@ -1269,351 +1696,209 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
                                );
                        }
 
-                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(
-                               OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel,
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(
+                               OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op,
                                nest
-                       );
+                       ));
                }
 
                /* named parameters */
                if (count_named_params(param_spec)) {
-                       int nameblock_ix;
-                       OP *nameblock;
-                       PADOFFSET vb, vc, vi, vk;
-                       const size_t pos = count_positional_params(param_spec);
+                       size_t i, lim;
 
-                       nameblock = NULL;
-                       nameblock_ix = S_block_start(aTHX_ TRUE);
+                       assert(param_spec->rest_hash != NOT_IN_PAD);
 
-                       {
-                               OP *decl, *var;
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];
+                               size_t n;
+                               char *p = SvPV(cur->name, n);
+                               OP *var, *cond;
 
-                               decl = NULL;
+                               cond = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
 
-                               if (!param_spec->named_required.used || !(spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
-                                       vb = 0;
-                               } else {
-                                       var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                                       var->op_targ = vb = pad_add_name_pvs("$__B", 0, NULL, NULL);
-                                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("")));
-                                       decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
-                               }
+                               if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
+                                       OP *xcroak, *msg;
 
-                               if (!param_spec->named_optional.used) {
-                                       vc = 0;
-                               } else {
-                                       var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                                       var->op_targ = vc = pad_add_name_pvs("$__C", 0, NULL, NULL);
-                                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("")));
-                                       decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
-                               }
+                                       var = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+                                       var = newUNOP(OP_DELETE, 0, var);
 
-                               var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                               var->op_targ = vk = pad_add_name_pvs("$__K", 0, NULL, NULL);
-                               decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                                       msg = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": missing named parameter: %.*s", SVfARG(declarator), (int)(n - 1), p + 1));
+                                       xcroak = newCVREF(
+                                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                                       );
+                                       xcroak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, xcroak));
+
+                                       cond = newUNOP(OP_EXISTS, 0, cond);
+
+                                       cond = newCONDOP(0, cond, var, xcroak);
+                               }
 
-                               var = newOP(OP_PADSV, OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8));
-                               var->op_targ = vi = pad_add_name_pvs("$__I", 0, NULL, NULL);
-                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(pos)));
-                               decl = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, decl, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var));
+                               var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       cur->padoff
+                               );
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cond);
 
-                               //S_intro_my(aTHX);
-                               nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, decl);
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
                        }
 
-                       {
-                               OP *loop;
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               ParamInit *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i];
+                               size_t n;
+                               char *p = SvPV(cur->param.name, n);
+                               OP *var, *cond;
 
-                               loop = NULL;
+                               var = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+                               var = newUNOP(OP_DELETE, 0, var);
 
-                               loop = op_append_list(
-                                       OP_LINESEQ,
-                                       loop,
-                                       newSTATEOP(
-                                               0, NULL,
-                                               newASSIGNOP(
-                                                       OPf_STACKED,
-                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk),
-                                                       0,
-                                                       mkargselemv(aTHX_ vi)
-                                               )
-                                       )
+                               cond = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+                               cond = newUNOP(OP_EXISTS, 0, cond);
+
+                               cond = newCONDOP(0, cond, var, op_guard_relinquish(&cur->init));
+
+                               var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       cur->param.padoff
                                );
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cond);
 
-                               {
-                                       OP *nest;
-                                       size_t i;
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
+                       }
 
-                                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
-                                               if (SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@') {
-                                                       OP *first, *mid, *last;
-
-                                                       last = mkargselem(
-                                                               aTHX_
-                                                               newBINOP(
-                                                                       OP_ADD, 0,
-                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                               )
-                                                       );
-                                                       mid = last;
-
-                                                       first = my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk);
-                                                       first->op_sibling = mid;
-                                                       mid = first;
-
-                                                       first = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADAV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff);
-                                                       first->op_sibling = mid;
-                                                       mid = first;
-
-                                                       first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
-                                                       nest = newLISTOP(OP_PUSH, 0, first, mid);
-                                                       nest->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_PUSH, SVs_PADTMP);
-                                                       ((LISTOP *)nest)->op_last = last;
-                                               } else {
-                                                       nest = newASSIGNOP(
-                                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                                               newBINOP(
-                                                                       OP_HELEM, 0,
-                                                                       my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff),
-                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk)
-                                                               ),
-                                                               0,
-                                                               mkargselem(
-                                                                       aTHX_
-                                                                       newBINOP(
-                                                                               OP_ADD, 0,
-                                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                                       )
-                                                               )
-                                                       );
-                                               }
-                                       } else if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
-                                               OP *err, *croak;
-
-                                               err = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
-                                                             newSVpvf("In %"SVf": No such named parameter: ", SVfARG(declarator)));
-                                               err = newBINOP(
-                                                       OP_CONCAT, 0,
-                                                       err,
-                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk)
-                                               );
-
-                                               croak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                                                newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
-                                               nest = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                                              op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak));
-                                       } else {
-                                               nest = NULL;
-                                       }
+                       if (!param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                               if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
+                                       /* croak if %{rest} */
+                                       OP *xcroak, *cond, *keys, *msg;
 
-                                       for (i = param_spec->named_optional.used; i--; ) {
-                                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i].param;
-                                               size_t dn;
-                                               char *dp = SvPV(cur->name, dn);
-                                               OP *vec;
-
-                                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
-                                                       vec = NULL;
-                                               } else {
-                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
-                                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                                               mkvecbits(aTHX_ vc, i),
-                                                               0,
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                       );
-                                               }
+                                       keys = newUNOP(OP_KEYS, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
+                                       keys = newLISTOP(OP_SORT, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0), keys);
+                                       {
+                                               OP *first, *mid, *last;
 
-                                               nest = newCONDOP(
-                                                       0,
-                                                       newBINOP(
-                                                               OP_SEQ, 0,
-                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk),
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn_utf8(dp + 1, dn - 1, SvUTF8(cur->name)))
-                                                       ),
-                                                       op_append_list(
-                                                               OP_LINESEQ,
-                                                               newASSIGNOP(
-                                                                       OPf_STACKED,
-                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->padoff),
-                                                                       0,
-                                                                       mkargselem(
-                                                                               aTHX_
-                                                                               newBINOP(
-                                                                                       OP_ADD, 0,
-                                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                                               )
-                                                                       )
-                                                               ),
-                                                               vec
-                                                       ),
-                                                       nest
-                                               );
-                                       }
+                                               last = keys;
 
-                                       for (i = param_spec->named_required.used; i--; ) {
-                                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];
-                                               size_t dn;
-                                               char *dp = SvPV(cur->name, dn);
-                                               OP *vec;
-
-                                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
-                                                       vec = NULL;
-                                               } else {
-                                                       vec = newASSIGNOP(
-                                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                                               mkvecbits(aTHX_ vb, i),
-                                                               0,
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                       );
-                                               }
+                                               mid = mkconstpvs(", ");
+                                               mid->op_sibling = last;
 
-                                               nest = newCONDOP(
-                                                       0,
-                                                       newBINOP(
-                                                               OP_SEQ, 0,
-                                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vk),
-                                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn_utf8(dp + 1, dn - 1, SvUTF8(cur->name)))
-                                                       ),
-                                                       op_append_list(
-                                                               OP_LINESEQ,
-                                                               newASSIGNOP(
-                                                                       OPf_STACKED,
-                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->padoff),
-                                                                       0,
-                                                                       mkargselem(
-                                                                               aTHX_
-                                                                               newBINOP(
-                                                                                       OP_ADD, 0,
-                                                                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1))
-                                                                               )
-                                                                       )
-                                                               ),
-                                                               vec
-                                                       ),
-                                                       nest
-                                               );
-                                       }
+                                               first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
 
-                                       loop = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, loop, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, nest));
-                               }
+                                               keys = newLISTOP(OP_JOIN, 0, first, mid);
+                                               keys->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_JOIN, SVs_PADTMP);
+                                               ((LISTOP *)keys)->op_last = last;
+                                       }
 
-                               loop = newWHILEOP(
-                                       0, 1,
-                                       NULL,
-                                       newBINOP(
-                                               OP_LT, 0,
-                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
-                                       ),
-                                       loop,
-                                       newASSIGNOP(
-                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, vi),
-                                               OP_ADD,
-                                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(2))
-                                       ),
-                                       0
-                               );
+                                       msg = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": no such named parameter: ", SVfARG(declarator)));
+                                       msg = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, msg, keys);
 
-                               nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, loop));
-                       }
+                                       xcroak = newCVREF(
+                                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                                       );
+                                       xcroak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, xcroak));
 
-                       if (param_spec->named_required.used && (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS)) {
-                               OP *cond, *err, *croak, *join;
-
-                               {
-                                       size_t i, lim;
-                                       OP *first, *mid, *last;
-
-                                       last = newNULLLIST();
-                                       mid = last;
-
-                                       for (i = param_spec->named_required.used; i--; ) {
-                                               OP *cur;
-                                               SV *sv = param_spec->named_required.data[i].name;
-                                               size_t n;
-                                               char *p = SvPV(sv, n);
-                                               cur = newCONDOP(
-                                                       0,
-                                                       mkvecbits(aTHX_ vb, i),
-                                                       newNULLLIST(),
-                                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn_utf8(p + 1, n - 1, SvUTF8(sv)))
-                                               );
-                                               cur->op_sibling = mid;
-                                               mid = cur;
-                                       }
+                                       cond = newUNOP(OP_KEYS, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
+                                       xcroak = newCONDOP(0, cond, xcroak, NULL);
 
-                                       first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(", "));
-                                       first->op_sibling = mid;
-                                       mid = first;
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, xcroak)));
+                               } else {
+                                       OP *clear;
 
-                                       first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
+                                       clear = newASSIGNOP(
+                                               OPf_STACKED,
+                                               my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash),
+                                               0,
+                                               newNULLLIST()
+                                       );
 
-                                       join = newLISTOP(OP_JOIN, 0, first, mid);
-                                       join->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_JOIN, SVs_PADTMP);
-                                       ((LISTOP *)join)->op_last = last;
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, clear)));
                                }
+                       } else if (param_spec->slurpy.padoff != param_spec->rest_hash) {
+                               OP *var, *clear;
 
-                               err = newSVOP(
-                                       OP_CONST, 0,
-                                       newSVpvf("In %"SVf": Missing named parameter(s): ", SVfARG(declarator))
-                               );
-                               err = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, err, join);
-                               croak = newCVREF(
-                                       OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
-                                       newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                               assert(SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@');
+
+                               var = my_var_g(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OP_PADAV,
+                                       OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       param_spec->slurpy.padoff
                                );
-                               err = newUNOP(
-                                       OP_ENTERSUB,
+
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
+
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
+
+                               clear = newASSIGNOP(
                                        OPf_STACKED,
-                                       op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, croak)
-                               );
-                               cond = newBINOP(
-                                       OP_SNE, 0,
-                                       my_var(aTHX_ 0, vb),
-                                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, mkbits1(aTHX_ param_spec->named_required.used))
-                               );
-                               err = newCONDOP(
+                                       my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash),
                                        0,
-                                       cond,
-                                       err,
-                                       NULL
+                                       newNULLLIST()
                                );
 
-                               nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, err);
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, clear)));
                        }
+               }
 
-                       if (param_spec->named_optional.used) {
-                               size_t i, lim;
+               if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_TARGS) {
+                       size_t i, lim, base;
 
-                               for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
-                                       ParamInit *const cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i];
-                                       OP *init, *cond;
+                       base = 1;
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->positional_required.data[i];
 
-                                       init = newASSIGNOP(
-                                               OPf_STACKED,
-                                               my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->param.padoff),
-                                               0,
-                                               cur->init
-                                       );
-                                       cur->init = NULL;
+                               if (cur->type) {
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
+                               }
+                       }
+                       base += i;
+
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->positional_optional.data[i].param;
+
+                               if (cur->type) {
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
+                               }
+                       }
+                       base += i;
 
-                                       cond = newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, mkvecbits(aTHX_ vc, i));
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];
 
-                                       init = newCONDOP(0, cond, init, NULL);
+                               if (cur->type) {
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
+                               }
+                       }
+                       base += i;
 
-                                       nameblock = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, nameblock, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, init));
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i].param;
+
+                               if (cur->type) {
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
                                }
                        }
+                       base += i;
+
+                       if (param_spec->slurpy.type) {
+                               /* $type->valid($_) or croak $type->get_message($_) for @rest / values %rest */
+                               OP *check, *list, *loop;
 
-                       nameblock = S_block_end(aTHX_ nameblock_ix, nameblock);
-                       nameblock = op_scope(nameblock);
+                               check = mktypecheck(aTHX_ declarator, base, param_spec->slurpy.name, NOT_IN_PAD, param_spec->slurpy.type);
+
+                               if (SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@') {
+                                       list = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADAV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff);
+                               } else {
+                                       list = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff);
+                                       list = newUNOP(OP_VALUES, 0, list);
+                               }
 
-                       *prelude_sentinel = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, nameblock);
+                               loop = newFOROP(0, NULL, list, check, NULL);
+
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, loop)));
+                       }
                }
        }
 
@@ -1623,66 +1908,230 @@ static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len
        /* add '();' to make function return nothing by default */
        /* (otherwise the invisible parameter initialization can "leak" into
           the return value: fun ($x) {}->("asdf", 0) == 2) */
-       if (*prelude_sentinel) {
+       if (prelude_sentinel->op) {
                body = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, body);
        }
 
-       body = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, *prelude_sentinel, body);
-       *prelude_sentinel = NULL;
+       body = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, op_guard_relinquish(prelude_sentinel), body);
 
        /* it's go time. */
        {
-               OP *const attrs = *attrs_sentinel;
-               *attrs_sentinel = NULL;
+               int runtime = spec->flags & FLAG_RUNTIME;
+               CV *cv;
+               OP *const attrs = op_guard_relinquish(attrs_sentinel);
+
                SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 
                /* close outer block: '}' */
                S_block_end(aTHX_ save_ix, body);
 
-               if (!saw_name) {
-                       *pop = newANONATTRSUB(
-                               floor_ix,
-                               proto ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
-                               attrs,
-                               body
-                       );
-                       return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_EXPR;
-               }
-
-               newATTRSUB(
+               cv = newATTRSUB(
                        floor_ix,
-                       newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
-                       proto ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
+                       saw_name && !runtime ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)) : NULL,
+                       proto                ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto))    : NULL,
                        attrs,
                        body
                );
-               *pop = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
-               return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_STMT;
+
+               if (cv) {
+                       register_info(aTHX_ PTR2UV(CvROOT(cv)), declarator, spec, param_spec);
+               }
+
+               if (saw_name) {
+                       if (!runtime) {
+                               *pop = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
+                       } else {
+                               *pop = newUNOP(
+                                       OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+                                       op_append_elem(
+                                               OP_LIST,
+                                               op_append_elem(
+                                                       OP_LIST,
+                                                       mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
+                                                       newUNOP(
+                                                               OP_REFGEN, 0,
+                                                               newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0, (SV *)cv)
+                                                       )
+                                               ),
+                                               newCVREF(0, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(MY_PKG "::_defun", 0, SVt_PVCV)))
+                                       )
+                               );
+                       }
+                       return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_STMT;
+               }
+
+               *pop = newUNOP(
+                       OP_REFGEN, 0,
+                       newSVOP(
+                               OP_ANONCODE, 0,
+                               (SV *)cv
+                       )
+               );
+               return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_EXPR;
        }
 }
 
+static int kw_flags_enter(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const char *kw_ptr, STRLEN kw_len, KWSpec *spec) {
+       HV *hints;
+       SV *sv, **psv;
+       const char *p, *kw_active;
+       STRLEN kw_active_len;
+       bool kw_is_utf8;
+
+       if (!(hints = GvHV(PL_hintgv))) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+       if (!(psv = hv_fetchs(hints, HINTK_KEYWORDS, 0))) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+       sv = *psv;
+       kw_active = SvPV(sv, kw_active_len);
+       if (kw_active_len <= kw_len) {
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       kw_is_utf8 = lex_bufutf8();
+
+       for (
+               p = kw_active;
+               (p = strchr(p, *kw_ptr)) &&
+               p < kw_active + kw_active_len - kw_len;
+               p++
+       ) {
+               if (
+                       (p == kw_active || p[-1] == ' ') &&
+                       p[kw_len] == ' ' &&
+                       memcmp(kw_ptr, p, kw_len) == 0
+               ) {
+                       ENTER;
+                       SAVETMPS;
+
+                       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(sentinel_clear_void, sen);
+
+                       spec->flags = 0;
+                       spec->reify_type = 0;
+                       spec->shift = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
+                       spec->attrs = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
+
+#define FETCH_HINTK_INTO(NAME, PTR, LEN, X) STMT_START { \
+       const char *fk_ptr_; \
+       STRLEN fk_len_; \
+       I32 fk_xlen_; \
+       SV *fk_sv_; \
+       fk_sv_ = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(HINTK_ ## NAME)); \
+       sv_catpvn(fk_sv_, PTR, LEN); \
+       fk_ptr_ = SvPV(fk_sv_, fk_len_); \
+       fk_xlen_ = fk_len_; \
+       if (kw_is_utf8) { \
+               fk_xlen_ = -fk_xlen_; \
+       } \
+       if (!((X) = hv_fetch(hints, fk_ptr_, fk_xlen_, 0))) { \
+               croak("%s: internal error: $^H{'%.*s'} not set", MY_PKG, (int)fk_len_, fk_ptr_); \
+       } \
+} STMT_END
+
+                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(FLAGS_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
+                       spec->flags = SvIV(*psv);
+
+                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(REIFY_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
+                       spec->reify_type = SvIV(*psv);
+
+                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(SHIFT_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
+                       SvSetSV(spec->shift, *psv);
+
+                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(ATTRS_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
+                       SvSetSV(spec->attrs, *psv);
+
+#undef FETCH_HINTK_INTO
+                       return TRUE;
+               }
+       }
+       return FALSE;
+}
+
 static int my_keyword_plugin(pTHX_ char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, OP **op_ptr) {
+       Sentinel sen = { NULL };
        KWSpec spec;
        int ret;
 
-       SAVETMPS;
-
-       if (kw_flags(aTHX_ keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec)) {
-               ret = parse_fun(aTHX_ op_ptr, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec);
+       if (kw_flags_enter(aTHX_ sen, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec)) {
+               /* scope was entered, 'sen' and 'spec' are initialized */
+               ret = parse_fun(aTHX_ sen, op_ptr, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec);
+               FREETMPS;
+               LEAVE;
        } else {
+               /* not one of our keywords, no allocation done */
                ret = next_keyword_plugin(aTHX_ keyword_ptr, keyword_len, op_ptr);
        }
 
-       FREETMPS;
-
        return ret;
 }
 
+#ifndef SvREFCNT_dec_NN
+#define SvREFCNT_dec_NN(SV) SvREFCNT_dec(SV)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef assert_
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+#define assert_(X) assert(X),
+#else
+#define assert_(X)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef gv_method_changed
+#define gv_method_changed(GV) (              \
+       assert_(isGV_with_GP(GV))                \
+       GvREFCNT(GV) > 1                         \
+               ? (void)PL_sub_generation++          \
+               : mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(GV)) \
+)
+#endif
+
 WARNINGS_RESET
 
-MODULE = Function::Parameters   PACKAGE = Function::Parameters
+MODULE = Function::Parameters   PACKAGE = Function::Parameters   PREFIX = fp_
 PROTOTYPES: ENABLE
 
+UV
+fp__cv_root(sv)
+       SV *sv
+       PREINIT:
+               CV *xcv;
+               HV *hv;
+               GV *gv;
+       CODE:
+               xcv = sv_2cv(sv, &hv, &gv, 0);
+               RETVAL = PTR2UV(xcv ? CvROOT(xcv) : NULL);
+       OUTPUT:
+               RETVAL
+
+void
+fp__defun(name, body)
+       SV *name
+       CV *body
+       PREINIT:
+               GV *gv;
+               CV *xcv;
+       CODE:
+               assert(SvTYPE(body) == SVt_PVCV);
+               gv = gv_fetchsv(name, GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVCV);
+               xcv = GvCV(gv);
+               if (xcv) {
+                       if (!GvCVGEN(gv) && (CvROOT(xcv) || CvXSUB(xcv)) && ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)) {
+                               warner(packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE), "Subroutine %"SVf" redefined", SVfARG(name));
+                       }
+                       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(xcv);
+               }
+               GvCVGEN(gv) = 0;
+               GvASSUMECV_on(gv);
+               if (GvSTASH(gv)) {
+                       gv_method_changed(gv);
+               }
+               GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(body));
+               CvGV_set(body, gv);
+               CvANON_off(body);
+
 BOOT:
 WARNINGS_ENABLE {
        HV *const stash = gv_stashpvs(MY_PKG, GV_ADD);
@@ -1693,10 +2142,14 @@ WARNINGS_ENABLE {
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_CHECK_NARGS",  newSViv(FLAG_CHECK_NARGS));
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_INVOCANT",     newSViv(FLAG_INVOCANT));
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS", newSViv(FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_TYPES_OK",     newSViv(FLAG_TYPES_OK));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_CHECK_TARGS",  newSViv(FLAG_CHECK_TARGS));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_RUNTIME",      newSViv(FLAG_RUNTIME));
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_KEYWORDS", newSVpvs(HINTK_KEYWORDS));
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_FLAGS_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_FLAGS_));
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_SHIFT_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_SHIFT_));
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_ATTRS_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_ATTRS_));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_REIFY_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_REIFY_));
        /**/
        next_keyword_plugin = PL_keyword_plugin;
        PL_keyword_plugin = my_keyword_plugin;