add begin.t from Method::Signatures
[p5sagit/Function-Parameters.git] / Parameters.xs
index 52c0bdb..3cf607b 100644 (file)
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/ for more information.
        WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wall) \
        WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wextra) \
        WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wundef) \
-       WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wshadow) \
+       /* WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wshadow) :-( */ \
        WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wbad-function-cast) \
        WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wcast-align) \
        WARNINGS_ENABLEW(-Wwrite-strings) \
@@ -49,341 +49,2108 @@ See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/ for more information.
 
 #include <string.h>
 
+
 WARNINGS_ENABLE
 
-#define MY_PKG "Function::Parameters"
 
-#define HINTK_KEYWORDS MY_PKG "/keywords"
-#define HINTK_NAME_    MY_PKG "/name:"
-#define HINTK_SHIFT_   MY_PKG "/shift:"
-#define HINTK_ATTRS_   MY_PKG "/attrs:"
+#define HAVE_PERL_VERSION(R, V, S) \
+       (PERL_REVISION > (R) || (PERL_REVISION == (R) && (PERL_VERSION > (V) || (PERL_VERSION == (V) && (PERL_SUBVERSION >= (S))))))
+
+#if HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 16, 0)
+ #define IF_HAVE_PERL_5_16(YES, NO) YES
+#else
+ #define IF_HAVE_PERL_5_16(YES, NO) NO
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+ #if HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 17, 6)
+  #error "internal error: missing definition of KEY_my (your perl is too new)"
+ #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 15, 8)
+  #define S_KEY_my 134
+ #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 15, 6)
+  #define S_KEY_my 133
+ #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 15, 5)
+  #define S_KEY_my 132
+ #elif HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 13, 0)
+  #define S_KEY_my 131
+ #else
+  #error "internal error: missing definition of KEY_my (your perl is too old)"
+ #endif
+#endif
+
+
+#define MY_PKG "Function::Parameters"
+
+#define HINTK_KEYWORDS MY_PKG "/keywords"
+#define HINTK_FLAGS_   MY_PKG "/flags:"
+#define HINTK_SHIFT_   MY_PKG "/shift:"
+#define HINTK_ATTRS_   MY_PKG "/attrs:"
+#define HINTK_REIFY_   MY_PKG "/reify:"
+
+#define DEFSTRUCT(T) typedef struct T T; struct T
+
+enum {
+       FLAG_NAME_OK      = 0x001,
+       FLAG_ANON_OK      = 0x002,
+       FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS = 0x004,
+       FLAG_CHECK_NARGS  = 0x008,
+       FLAG_INVOCANT     = 0x010,
+       FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS = 0x020,
+       FLAG_TYPES_OK     = 0x040,
+       FLAG_CHECK_TARGS  = 0x080,
+       FLAG_RUNTIME      = 0x100
+};
+
+DEFSTRUCT(KWSpec) {
+       unsigned flags;
+       I32 reify_type;
+       SV *shift;
+       SV *attrs;
+};
+
+static int (*next_keyword_plugin)(pTHX_ char *, STRLEN, OP **);
+
+DEFSTRUCT(Resource) {
+       Resource *next;
+       void *data;
+       void (*destroy)(pTHX_ void *);
+};
+
+typedef Resource *Sentinel[1];
+
+static void sentinel_clear_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
+       Resource **pp = p;
+       while (*pp) {
+               Resource *cur = *pp;
+               if (cur->destroy) {
+                       cur->destroy(aTHX_ cur->data);
+               }
+               cur->data = (void *)"no";
+               cur->destroy = NULL;
+               *pp = cur->next;
+               Safefree(cur);
+       }
+}
+
+static Resource *sentinel_register(Sentinel sen, void *data, void (*destroy)(pTHX_ void *)) {
+       Resource *cur;
+
+       Newx(cur, 1, Resource);
+       cur->data = data;
+       cur->destroy = destroy;
+       cur->next = *sen;
+       *sen = cur;
+
+       return cur;
+}
+
+static void sentinel_disarm(Resource *p) {
+       p->destroy = NULL;
+}
+
+static void my_sv_refcnt_dec_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
+       SV *sv = p;
+       SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
+}
+
+static SV *sentinel_mortalize(Sentinel sen, SV *sv) {
+       sentinel_register(sen, sv, my_sv_refcnt_dec_void);
+       return sv;
+}
+
+
+#if HAVE_PERL_VERSION(5, 17, 2)
+ #define MY_OP_SLABBED(O) ((O)->op_slabbed)
+#else
+ #define MY_OP_SLABBED(O) 0
+#endif
+
+DEFSTRUCT(OpGuard) {
+       OP *op;
+       bool needs_freed;
+};
+
+static void op_guard_init(OpGuard *p) {
+       p->op = NULL;
+       p->needs_freed = FALSE;
+}
+
+static OpGuard op_guard_transfer(OpGuard *p) {
+       OpGuard r = *p;
+       op_guard_init(p);
+       return r;
+}
+
+static OP *op_guard_relinquish(OpGuard *p) {
+       OP *o = p->op;
+       op_guard_init(p);
+       return o;
+}
+
+static void op_guard_update(OpGuard *p, OP *o) {
+       p->op = o;
+       p->needs_freed = o && !MY_OP_SLABBED(o);
+}
+
+static void op_guard_clear(pTHX_ OpGuard *p) {
+       if (p->needs_freed) {
+               op_free(p->op);
+       }
+}
+
+static void free_op_guard_void(pTHX_ void *vp) {
+       OpGuard *p = vp;
+       op_guard_clear(aTHX_ p);
+       Safefree(p);
+}
+
+static void free_op_void(pTHX_ void *vp) {
+       OP *p = vp;
+       op_free(p);
+}
+
+#define sv_eq_pvs(SV, S) my_sv_eq_pvn(aTHX_ SV, "" S "", sizeof (S) - 1)
+
+static int my_sv_eq_pvn(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *p, STRLEN n) {
+       STRLEN sv_len;
+       const char *sv_p = SvPV(sv, sv_len);
+       return memcmp(sv_p, p, n) == 0;
+}
+
+
+#include "padop_on_crack.c.inc"
+
+
+enum {
+       MY_ATTR_LVALUE = 0x01,
+       MY_ATTR_METHOD = 0x02,
+       MY_ATTR_SPECIAL = 0x04
+};
+
+static void my_sv_cat_c(pTHX_ SV *sv, U32 c) {
+       char ds[UTF8_MAXBYTES + 1], *d;
+       d = (char *)uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *)ds, c);
+       if (d - ds > 1) {
+               sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
+       }
+       sv_catpvn(sv, ds, d - ds);
+}
+
+
+#define MY_UNI_IDFIRST(C) isIDFIRST_uni(C)
+#define MY_UNI_IDCONT(C)  isALNUM_uni(C)
+
+static SV *my_scan_word(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, bool allow_package) {
+       bool at_start, at_substart;
+       I32 c;
+       SV *sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
+       if (lex_bufutf8()) {
+               SvUTF8_on(sv);
+       }
+
+       at_start = at_substart = TRUE;
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+
+       while (c != -1) {
+               if (at_substart ? MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c) : MY_UNI_IDCONT(c)) {
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ sv, c);
+                       at_substart = FALSE;
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+               } else if (allow_package && !at_substart && c == '\'') {
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (!MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c)) {
+                               lex_stuff_pvs("'", 0);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       sv_catpvs(sv, "'");
+                       at_substart = TRUE;
+               } else if (allow_package && (at_start || !at_substart) && c == ':') {
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       if (lex_peek_unichar(0) != ':') {
+                               lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (!MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c)) {
+                               lex_stuff_pvs("::", 0);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       sv_catpvs(sv, "::");
+                       at_substart = TRUE;
+               } else {
+                       break;
+               }
+               at_start = FALSE;
+       }
+
+       return SvCUR(sv) ? sv : NULL;
+}
+
+static SV *my_scan_parens_tail(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, bool keep_backslash) {
+       I32 c, nesting;
+       SV *sv;
+       line_t start;
+
+       start = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
+
+       sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
+       if (lex_bufutf8()) {
+               SvUTF8_on(sv);
+       }
+
+       nesting = 0;
+       for (;;) {
+               c = lex_read_unichar(0);
+               if (c == EOF) {
+                       CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, start);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (c == '\\') {
+                       c = lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       if (c == EOF) {
+                               CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, start);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       if (keep_backslash || (c != '(' && c != ')')) {
+                               sv_catpvs(sv, "\\");
+                       }
+               } else if (c == '(') {
+                       nesting++;
+               } else if (c == ')') {
+                       if (!nesting) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       nesting--;
+               }
+
+               my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ sv, c);
+       }
+
+       return sv;
+}
+
+static void my_check_prototype(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator, SV *proto) {
+       char *start, *r, *w, *end;
+       STRLEN len;
+
+       /* strip spaces */
+       start = SvPV(proto, len);
+       end = start + len;
+
+       for (w = r = start; r < end; r++) {
+               if (!isSPACE(*r)) {
+                       *w++ = *r;
+               }
+       }
+       *w = '\0';
+       SvCUR_set(proto, w - start);
+       end = w;
+       len = end - start;
+
+       if (!ckWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO)) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* check for bad characters */
+       if (strspn(start, "$@%*;[]&\\_+") != len) {
+               SV *dsv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
+               warner(
+                       packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                       "Illegal character in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
+                       SVfARG(declarator),
+                       SvUTF8(proto)
+                               ? sv_uni_display(
+                                       dsv,
+                                       proto,
+                                       len,
+                                       UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT
+                               )
+                               : pv_pretty(dsv, start, len, 60, NULL, NULL,
+                                       PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NONASCII
+                               )
+               );
+               return;
+       }
+
+       for (r = start; r < end; r++) {
+               switch (*r) {
+                       default:
+                               warner(
+                                       packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                                       "Illegal character in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
+                                       SVfARG(declarator), r
+                               );
+                               return;
+
+                       case '_':
+                               if (r[1] && !strchr(";@%", *r)) {
+                                       warner(
+                                               packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                                               "Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
+                                               SVfARG(declarator), r
+                                       );
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                               break;
+
+                       case '@':
+                       case '%':
+                               if (r[1]) {
+                                       warner(
+                                               packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                                               "prototype after '%c' for %"SVf": %s",
+                                               *r, SVfARG(declarator), r + 1
+                                       );
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                               break;
+
+                       case '\\':
+                               r++;
+                               if (strchr("$@%&*", *r)) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if (*r == '[') {
+                                       r++;
+                                       for (; r < end && *r != ']'; r++) {
+                                               if (!strchr("$@%&*", *r)) {
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       if (*r == ']' && r[-1] != '[') {
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               warner(
+                                       packWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO),
+                                       "Illegal character after '\\' in prototype for %"SVf" : %s",
+                                       SVfARG(declarator), r
+                               );
+                               return;
+
+                       case '$':
+                       case '*':
+                       case '&':
+                       case ';':
+                       case '+':
+                               break;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static SV *parse_type(pTHX_ Sentinel, const SV *);
+
+static SV *parse_type_paramd(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator) {
+       I32 c;
+       SV *t;
+
+       t = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, TRUE);
+       lex_read_space(0);
+
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       if (c == '[') {
+               SV *u;
+
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+               my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ t, c);
+
+               u = parse_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
+               sv_catsv(t, u);
+
+               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+               if (c != ']') {
+                       croak("In %"SVf": missing ']' after '%"SVf"'", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(t));
+               }
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ t, c);
+       }
+
+       return t;
+}
+
+static SV *parse_type(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator) {
+       I32 c;
+       SV *t;
+
+       t = parse_type_paramd(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
+
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       while (c == '|') {
+               SV *u;
+
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               my_sv_cat_c(aTHX_ t, c);
+               u = parse_type_paramd(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
+               sv_catsv(t, u);
+
+               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       }
+
+       return t;
+}
+
+static SV *reify_type(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const SV *declarator, const KWSpec *spec, SV *name) {
+       AV *type_reifiers;
+       SV *t, *sv, **psv;
+       int n;
+       dSP;
+
+       type_reifiers = get_av(MY_PKG "::type_reifiers", 0);
+       assert(type_reifiers != NULL);
+
+       if (spec->reify_type < 0 || spec->reify_type > av_len(type_reifiers)) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": internal error: reify_type [%ld] out of range [%ld]", SVfARG(declarator), (long)spec->reify_type, (long)(av_len(type_reifiers) + 1));
+       }
+
+       psv = av_fetch(type_reifiers, spec->reify_type, 0);
+       assert(psv != NULL);
+       sv = *psv;
+
+       ENTER;
+       SAVETMPS;
+
+       PUSHMARK(SP);
+       EXTEND(SP, 2);
+       PUSHs(name);
+       PUSHs(PL_curstname);
+       PUTBACK;
+
+       n = call_sv(sv, G_SCALAR);
+       SPAGAIN;
+
+       assert(n == 1);
+       /* don't warn about n being unused if assert() is compiled out */
+       n = n;
+
+       t = sentinel_mortalize(sen, SvREFCNT_inc(POPs));
+
+       PUTBACK;
+       FREETMPS;
+       LEAVE;
+
+       if (!SvTRUE(t)) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": undefined type '%"SVf"'", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+       }
+
+       return t;
+}
+
+
+DEFSTRUCT(Param) {
+       SV *name;
+       PADOFFSET padoff;
+       SV *type;
+};
+
+DEFSTRUCT(ParamInit) {
+       Param param;
+       OpGuard init;
+};
+
+#define VEC(B) B ## _Vec
+
+#define DEFVECTOR(B) DEFSTRUCT(VEC(B)) { \
+       B (*data); \
+       size_t used, size; \
+}
+
+DEFVECTOR(Param);
+DEFVECTOR(ParamInit);
+
+#define DEFVECTOR_INIT(N, B) static void N(VEC(B) *p) { \
+       p->used = 0; \
+       p->size = 23; \
+       Newx(p->data, p->size, B); \
+} static void N(VEC(B) *)
+
+DEFSTRUCT(ParamSpec) {
+       Param invocant;
+       VEC(Param) positional_required;
+       VEC(ParamInit) positional_optional;
+       VEC(Param) named_required;
+       VEC(ParamInit) named_optional;
+       Param slurpy;
+       PADOFFSET rest_hash;
+};
+
+DEFVECTOR_INIT(pv_init, Param);
+DEFVECTOR_INIT(piv_init, ParamInit);
+
+static void p_init(Param *p) {
+       p->name = NULL;
+       p->padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
+       p->type = NULL;
+}
+
+static void ps_init(ParamSpec *ps) {
+       p_init(&ps->invocant);
+       pv_init(&ps->positional_required);
+       piv_init(&ps->positional_optional);
+       pv_init(&ps->named_required);
+       piv_init(&ps->named_optional);
+       p_init(&ps->slurpy);
+       ps->rest_hash = NOT_IN_PAD;
+}
+
+#define DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(N, B) static B (*N(VEC(B) *p)) { \
+       assert(p->used <= p->size); \
+       if (p->used == p->size) { \
+               const size_t n = p->size / 2 * 3 + 1; \
+               Renew(p->data, n, B); \
+               p->size = n; \
+       } \
+       return &p->data[p->used]; \
+} static B (*N(VEC(B) *))
+
+DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(pv_extend, Param);
+DEFVECTOR_EXTEND(piv_extend, ParamInit);
+
+#define DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(N, B, F) static void N(pTHX_ VEC(B) *p) { \
+       while (p->used) { \
+               p->used--; \
+               F(aTHX_ &p->data[p->used]); \
+       } \
+       Safefree(p->data); \
+       p->data = NULL; \
+       p->size = 0; \
+} static void N(pTHX_ VEC(B) *)
+
+static void p_clear(pTHX_ Param *p) {
+       p->name = NULL;
+       p->padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
+       p->type = NULL;
+}
+
+static void pi_clear(pTHX_ ParamInit *pi) {
+       p_clear(aTHX_ &pi->param);
+       op_guard_clear(aTHX_ &pi->init);
+}
+
+DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(pv_clear, Param, p_clear);
+DEFVECTOR_CLEAR(piv_clear, ParamInit, pi_clear);
+
+static void ps_clear(pTHX_ ParamSpec *ps) {
+       p_clear(aTHX_ &ps->invocant);
+
+       pv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->positional_required);
+       piv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->positional_optional);
+
+       pv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->named_required);
+       piv_clear(aTHX_ &ps->named_optional);
+
+       p_clear(aTHX_ &ps->slurpy);
+}
+
+static int ps_contains(pTHX_ const ParamSpec *ps, SV *sv) {
+       size_t i, lim;
+
+       if (ps->invocant.name && sv_eq(sv, ps->invocant.name)) {
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0, lim = ps->positional_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+               if (sv_eq(sv, ps->positional_required.data[i].name)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0, lim = ps->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+               if (sv_eq(sv, ps->positional_optional.data[i].param.name)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0, lim = ps->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+               if (sv_eq(sv, ps->named_required.data[i].name)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0, lim = ps->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+               if (sv_eq(sv, ps->named_optional.data[i].param.name)) {
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void ps_free_void(pTHX_ void *p) {
+       ps_clear(aTHX_ p);
+       Safefree(p);
+}
+
+static int args_min(pTHX_ const ParamSpec *ps, const KWSpec *ks) {
+       int n = 0;
+       if (!ps) {
+               return SvTRUE(ks->shift) ? 1 : 0;
+       }
+       if (ps->invocant.name) {
+               n++;
+       }
+       n += ps->positional_required.used;
+       n += ps->named_required.used * 2;
+       return n;
+}
+
+static int args_max(const ParamSpec *ps) {
+       int n = 0;
+       if (!ps) {
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (ps->invocant.name) {
+               n++;
+       }
+       n += ps->positional_required.used;
+       n += ps->positional_optional.used;
+       if (ps->named_required.used || ps->named_optional.used || ps->slurpy.name) {
+               n = -1;
+       }
+       return n;
+}
+
+static size_t count_positional_params(const ParamSpec *ps) {
+       return ps->positional_required.used + ps->positional_optional.used;
+}
+
+static size_t count_named_params(const ParamSpec *ps) {
+       return ps->named_required.used + ps->named_optional.used;
+}
+
+static SV *my_eval(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, I32 floor, OP *op) {
+       SV *sv;
+       CV *cv;
+       dSP;
+
+       cv = newATTRSUB(floor, NULL, NULL, NULL, op);
+
+       ENTER;
+       SAVETMPS;
+
+       PUSHMARK(SP);
+       call_sv((SV *)cv, G_SCALAR | G_NOARGS);
+       SPAGAIN;
+       sv = sentinel_mortalize(sen, SvREFCNT_inc(POPs));
+
+       PUTBACK;
+       FREETMPS;
+       LEAVE;
+
+       return sv;
+}
+
+enum {
+       PARAM_INVOCANT = 0x01,
+       PARAM_NAMED    = 0x02
+};
+
+static PADOFFSET parse_param(
+       pTHX_
+       Sentinel sen,
+       const SV *declarator, const KWSpec *spec, ParamSpec *param_spec,
+       int *pflags, SV **pname, OpGuard *ginit, SV **ptype
+) {
+       I32 c;
+       char sigil;
+       SV *name;
+
+       assert(!ginit->op);
+       *pflags = 0;
+       *ptype = NULL;
+
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+
+       if (spec->flags & FLAG_TYPES_OK) {
+               if (c == '(') {
+                       I32 floor;
+                       OP *expr;
+                       Resource *expr_sentinel;
+
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+
+                       floor = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
+                       SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
+                       CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
+
+                       if (!(expr = parse_fullexpr(PARSE_OPTIONAL))) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": invalid type expression", SVfARG(declarator));
+                       }
+                       if (MY_OP_SLABBED(expr)) {
+                               expr_sentinel = NULL;
+                       } else {
+                               expr_sentinel = sentinel_register(sen, expr, free_op_void);
+                       }
+
+                       lex_read_space(0);
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (c != ')') {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": missing ')' after type expression", SVfARG(declarator));
+                       }
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       lex_read_space(0);
+
+                       SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
+                       if (expr_sentinel) {
+                               sentinel_disarm(expr_sentinel);
+                       }
+                       *ptype = my_eval(aTHX_ sen, floor, expr);
+                       if (!SvROK(*ptype)) {
+                               *ptype = reify_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator, spec, *ptype);
+                       }
+                       if (!sv_isobject(*ptype)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": (%"SVf") doesn't look like a type object", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(*ptype));
+                       }
+
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+               } else if (MY_UNI_IDFIRST(c)) {
+                       *ptype = parse_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator);
+                       *ptype = reify_type(aTHX_ sen, declarator, spec, *ptype);
+
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (c == ':') {
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               *pflags |= PARAM_NAMED;
+
+               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       }
+
+       if (c == -1) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": unterminated parameter list", SVfARG(declarator));
+       }
+
+       if (!(c == '$' || c == '@' || c == '%')) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": unexpected '%c' in parameter list (expecting a sigil)", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
+       }
+
+       sigil = c;
+
+       lex_read_unichar(0);
+       lex_read_space(0);
+
+       if (!(name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
+               croak("In %"SVf": missing identifier after '%c'", SVfARG(declarator), sigil);
+       }
+       sv_insert(name, 0, 0, &sigil, 1);
+       *pname = name;
+
+       lex_read_space(0);
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+
+       if (c == '=') {
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+
+               if (!param_spec->invocant.name && SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
+                       param_spec->invocant.name = spec->shift;
+                       param_spec->invocant.padoff = pad_add_name_sv(param_spec->invocant.name, 0, NULL, NULL);
+               }
+
+               op_guard_update(ginit, parse_termexpr(0));
+
+               lex_read_space(0);
+               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       }
+
+       if (c == ':') {
+               *pflags |= PARAM_INVOCANT;
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+       } else if (c == ',') {
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+       } else if (c != ')') {
+               if (c == -1) {
+                       croak("In %"SVf": unterminated parameter list", SVfARG(declarator));
+               }
+               croak("In %"SVf": unexpected '%c' in parameter list (expecting ',')", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
+       }
+
+       return pad_add_name_sv(*pname, IF_HAVE_PERL_5_16(padadd_NO_DUP_CHECK, 0), NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static OP *my_var_g(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, PADOFFSET padoff) {
+       OP *var = newOP(type, flags);
+       var->op_targ = padoff;
+       return var;
+}
+
+static OP *my_var(pTHX_ I32 flags, PADOFFSET padoff) {
+       return my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADSV, flags, padoff);
+}
+
+static OP *mkhvelem(pTHX_ PADOFFSET h, OP *k) {
+       OP *hv = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, OPf_REF, h);
+       return newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, hv, k);
+}
+
+static OP *mkconstsv(pTHX_ SV *sv) {
+       return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv);
+}
+
+static OP *mkconstiv(pTHX_ IV i) {
+       return mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSViv(i));
+}
+
+static OP *mkconstpv(pTHX_ const char *p, size_t n) {
+       return mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpv(p, n));
+}
+
+#define mkconstpvs(S) mkconstpv(aTHX_ "" S "", sizeof S - 1)
+
+static OP *mktypecheck(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, int nr, SV *name, PADOFFSET padoff, SV *type) {
+       /* $type->check($value) or Carp::croak "...: " . $type->get_message($value) */
+       OP *chk, *err, *msg, *xcroak;
+
+       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": parameter %d (%"SVf"): ", SVfARG(declarator), nr, SVfARG(name)));
+       {
+               OP *args = NULL;
+
+               args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(type)));
+               args = op_append_elem(
+                       OP_LIST, args,
+                       padoff == NOT_IN_PAD
+                               ? S_newDEFSVOP(aTHX)
+                               : my_var(aTHX_ 0, padoff)
+               );
+               args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, mkconstpvs("get_message")));
+
+               msg = args;
+               msg->op_type = OP_ENTERSUB;
+               msg->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB];
+               msg->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
+       }
+
+       msg = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, err, msg);
+
+       xcroak = newCVREF(
+               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+       );
+       xcroak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, xcroak));
+
+       {
+               OP *args = NULL;
+
+               args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(type)));
+               args = op_append_elem(
+                       OP_LIST, args,
+                       padoff == NOT_IN_PAD
+                               ? S_newDEFSVOP(aTHX)
+                               : my_var(aTHX_ 0, padoff)
+               );
+               args = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, args, newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, mkconstpvs("check")));
+
+               chk = args;
+               chk->op_type = OP_ENTERSUB;
+               chk->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB];
+               chk->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
+       }
+
+       chk = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, chk, xcroak);
+       return chk;
+}
+
+static OP *mktypecheckp(pTHX_ const SV *declarator, int nr, const Param *param) {
+       return mktypecheck(aTHX_ declarator, nr, param->name, param->padoff, param->type);
+}
+
+static void register_info(pTHX_ UV key, SV *declarator, const KWSpec *kws, const ParamSpec *ps) {
+       dSP;
+
+       ENTER;
+       SAVETMPS;
+
+       PUSHMARK(SP);
+       EXTEND(SP, 10);
+
+       /* 0 */ {
+               mPUSHu(key);
+       }
+       /* 1 */ {
+               STRLEN n;
+               char *p = SvPV(declarator, n);
+               char *q = memchr(p, ' ', n);
+               SV *tmp = newSVpvn_utf8(p, q ? (size_t)(q - p) : n, SvUTF8(declarator));
+               mPUSHs(tmp);
+       }
+       if (!ps) {
+               if (SvTRUE(kws->shift)) {
+                       PUSHs(kws->shift);
+               } else {
+                       PUSHmortal;
+               }
+               PUSHmortal;
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)newAV()));
+               mPUSHp("@_", 2);
+               PUSHmortal;
+       } else {
+               /* 2, 3 */ {
+                       if (ps->invocant.name) {
+                               PUSHs(ps->invocant.name);
+                               if (ps->invocant.type) {
+                                       PUSHs(ps->invocant.type);
+                               } else {
+                                       PUSHmortal;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                       }
+               }
+               /* 4 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
+
+                       lim = ps->positional_required.used;
+
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       Param *cur = &ps->positional_required.data[i];
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
+                                       av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 5 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
+
+                       lim = ps->positional_optional.used;
+
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       Param *cur = &ps->positional_optional.data[i].param;
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
+                                       av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 6 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
+
+                       lim = ps->named_required.used;
+
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       Param *cur = &ps->named_required.data[i];
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
+                                       av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 7 */ {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+                       AV *av;
+
+                       lim = ps->named_optional.used;
+
+                       av = newAV();
+                       if (lim) {
+                               av_extend(av, (lim - 1) * 2);
+                               for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
+                                       Param *cur = &ps->named_optional.data[i].param;
+                                       av_push(av, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->name));
+                                       av_push(av, cur->type ? SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cur->type) : &PL_sv_undef);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       mPUSHs(newRV_noinc((SV *)av));
+               }
+               /* 8, 9 */ {
+                       if (ps->slurpy.name) {
+                               PUSHs(ps->slurpy.name);
+                               if (ps->slurpy.type) {
+                                       PUSHs(ps->slurpy.type);
+                               } else {
+                                       PUSHmortal;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                               PUSHmortal;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       PUTBACK;
+
+       call_pv(MY_PKG "::_register_info", G_VOID);
+
+       FREETMPS;
+       LEAVE;
+}
+
+static int parse_fun(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, const KWSpec *spec) {
+       ParamSpec *param_spec;
+       SV *declarator;
+       I32 floor_ix;
+       int save_ix;
+       SV *saw_name;
+       OpGuard *prelude_sentinel;
+       SV *proto;
+       OpGuard *attrs_sentinel;
+       OP *body;
+       unsigned builtin_attrs;
+       I32 c;
+
+       declarator = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvn(keyword_ptr, keyword_len));
+       if (lex_bufutf8()) {
+               SvUTF8_on(declarator);
+       }
+
+       lex_read_space(0);
+
+       builtin_attrs = 0;
+
+       /* function name */
+       saw_name = NULL;
+       if ((spec->flags & FLAG_NAME_OK) && (saw_name = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, TRUE))) {
+
+               if (PL_parser->expect != XSTATE) {
+                       /* bail out early so we don't predeclare $saw_name */
+                       croak("In %"SVf": I was expecting a function body, not \"%"SVf"\"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(saw_name));
+               }
+
+               sv_catpvs(declarator, " ");
+               sv_catsv(declarator, saw_name);
+
+               if (
+                       sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "BEGIN") ||
+                       sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "END") ||
+                       sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "INIT") ||
+                       sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "CHECK") ||
+                       sv_eq_pvs(saw_name, "UNITCHECK")
+               ) {
+                       builtin_attrs |= MY_ATTR_SPECIAL;
+               }
+
+               lex_read_space(0);
+       } else if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_ANON_OK)) {
+               croak("I was expecting a function name, not \"%.*s\"", (int)(PL_parser->bufend - PL_parser->bufptr), PL_parser->bufptr);
+       } else {
+               sv_catpvs(declarator, " (anon)");
+       }
+
+       /* we're a subroutine declaration */
+       floor_ix = start_subparse(FALSE, saw_name ? 0 : CVf_ANON);
+       SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
+
+       /* create outer block: '{' */
+       save_ix = S_block_start(aTHX_ TRUE);
+
+       /* initialize synthetic optree */
+       Newx(prelude_sentinel, 1, OpGuard);
+       op_guard_init(prelude_sentinel);
+       sentinel_register(sen, prelude_sentinel, free_op_guard_void);
+
+       /* parameters */
+       param_spec = NULL;
+
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       if (c == '(') {
+               OpGuard *init_sentinel;
+
+               Newx(init_sentinel, 1, OpGuard);
+               op_guard_init(init_sentinel);
+               sentinel_register(sen, init_sentinel, free_op_guard_void);
+
+               Newx(param_spec, 1, ParamSpec);
+               ps_init(param_spec);
+               sentinel_register(sen, param_spec, ps_free_void);
+
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               while ((c = lex_peek_unichar(0)) != ')') {
+                       int flags;
+                       SV *name, *type;
+                       char sigil;
+                       PADOFFSET padoff;
+
+                       padoff = parse_param(aTHX_ sen, declarator, spec, param_spec, &flags, &name, init_sentinel, &type);
+
+                       S_intro_my(aTHX);
+
+                       sigil = SvPV_nolen(name)[0];
+
+                       /* internal consistency */
+                       if (flags & PARAM_NAMED) {
+                               if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't be a named parameter", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                               }
+                               if (sigil != '$') {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": named parameter %"SVf" can't be a%s", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), sigil == '@' ? "n array" : " hash");
+                               }
+                       } else if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
+                               if (init_sentinel->op) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't have a default value", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                               }
+                               if (sigil != '$') {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" can't be a%s", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), sigil == '@' ? "n array" : " hash");
+                               }
+                       } else if (sigil != '$' && init_sentinel->op) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": %s %"SVf" can't have a default value", SVfARG(declarator), sigil == '@' ? "array" : "hash", SVfARG(name));
+                       }
+
+                       /* external constraints */
+                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": I was expecting \")\" after \"%"SVf"\", not \"%"SVf"\"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->slurpy.name), SVfARG(name));
+                       }
+                       if (sigil != '$') {
+                               assert(!init_sentinel->op);
+                               param_spec->slurpy.name = name;
+                               param_spec->slurpy.padoff = padoff;
+                               param_spec->slurpy.type = type;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       if (!(flags & PARAM_NAMED) && count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": positional parameter %"SVf" can't appear after named parameter %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name), SVfARG((param_spec->named_required.used ? param_spec->named_required.data[0] : param_spec->named_optional.data[0].param).name));
+                       }
+
+                       if (flags & PARAM_INVOCANT) {
+                               if (param_spec->invocant.name) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invalid double invocants %"SVf", %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->invocant.name), SVfARG(name));
+                               }
+                               if (count_positional_params(param_spec) || count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" must be first in parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                               }
+                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_INVOCANT)) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": invocant %"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                               }
+                               param_spec->invocant.name = name;
+                               param_spec->invocant.padoff = padoff;
+                               param_spec->invocant.type = type;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       if (init_sentinel->op && !(spec->flags & FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": default argument for %"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                       }
+
+                       if (ps_contains(aTHX_ param_spec, name)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": %"SVf" can't appear twice in the same parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                       }
+
+                       if (flags & PARAM_NAMED) {
+                               if (!(spec->flags & FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS)) {
+                                       croak("In %"SVf": named parameter :%"SVf" not allowed here", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(name));
+                               }
+
+                               if (init_sentinel->op) {
+                                       ParamInit *pi = piv_extend(&param_spec->named_optional);
+                                       pi->param.name = name;
+                                       pi->param.padoff = padoff;
+                                       pi->param.type = type;
+                                       pi->init = op_guard_transfer(init_sentinel);
+                                       param_spec->named_optional.used++;
+                               } else {
+                                       Param *p;
+
+                                       if (param_spec->positional_optional.used) {
+                                               croak("In %"SVf": can't combine optional positional (%"SVf") and required named (%"SVf") parameters", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(param_spec->positional_optional.data[0].param.name), SVfARG(name));
+                                       }
+
+                                       p = pv_extend(&param_spec->named_required);
+                                       p->name = name;
+                                       p->padoff = padoff;
+                                       p->type = type;
+                                       param_spec->named_required.used++;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               if (init_sentinel->op || param_spec->positional_optional.used) {
+                                       ParamInit *pi = piv_extend(&param_spec->positional_optional);
+                                       pi->param.name = name;
+                                       pi->param.padoff = padoff;
+                                       pi->param.type = type;
+                                       pi->init = op_guard_transfer(init_sentinel);
+                                       param_spec->positional_optional.used++;
+                               } else {
+                                       Param *p = pv_extend(&param_spec->positional_required);
+                                       p->name = name;
+                                       p->padoff = padoff;
+                                       p->type = type;
+                                       param_spec->positional_required.used++;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+               }
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               if (!param_spec->invocant.name && SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
+                       if (ps_contains(aTHX_ param_spec, spec->shift)) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": %"SVf" can't appear twice in the same parameter list", SVfARG(declarator), SVfARG(spec->shift));
+                       }
+
+                       param_spec->invocant.name = spec->shift;
+                       param_spec->invocant.padoff = pad_add_name_sv(param_spec->invocant.name, 0, NULL, NULL);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* prototype */
+       proto = NULL;
+       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+       if (c == ':') {
+               lex_read_unichar(0);
+               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+               if (c != '(') {
+                       lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
+                       c = ':';
+               } else {
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       if (!(proto = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
+                               croak("In %"SVf": prototype not terminated", SVfARG(declarator));
+                       }
+                       my_check_prototype(aTHX_ sen, declarator, proto);
+                       lex_read_space(0);
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                       if (!(c == ':' || c == '{')) {
+                               lex_stuff_pvs(":", 0);
+                               c = ':';
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* attributes */
+       Newx(attrs_sentinel, 1, OpGuard);
+       op_guard_init(attrs_sentinel);
+       sentinel_register(sen, attrs_sentinel, free_op_guard_void);
+
+       if (c == ':' || c == '{') /* '}' - hi, vim */ {
+
+               /* kludge default attributes in */
+               if (SvTRUE(spec->attrs) && SvPV_nolen(spec->attrs)[0] == ':') {
+                       lex_stuff_sv(spec->attrs, 0);
+                       c = ':';
+               }
+
+               if (c == ':') {
+                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                       lex_read_space(0);
+                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+
+                       for (;;) {
+                               SV *attr;
+
+                               if (!(attr = my_scan_word(aTHX_ sen, FALSE))) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               lex_read_space(0);
+                               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+
+                               if (c != '(') {
+                                       if (sv_eq_pvs(attr, "lvalue")) {
+                                               builtin_attrs |= MY_ATTR_LVALUE;
+                                               attr = NULL;
+                                       } else if (sv_eq_pvs(attr, "method")) {
+                                               builtin_attrs |= MY_ATTR_METHOD;
+                                               attr = NULL;
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       SV *sv;
+                                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                                       if (!(sv = my_scan_parens_tail(aTHX_ sen, TRUE))) {
+                                               croak("In %"SVf": unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list", SVfARG(declarator));
+                                       }
+                                       sv_catpvs(attr, "(");
+                                       sv_catsv(attr, sv);
+                                       sv_catpvs(attr, ")");
+
+                                       lex_read_space(0);
+                                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                               }
+
+                               if (attr) {
+                                       op_guard_update(attrs_sentinel, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs_sentinel->op, mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(attr))));
+                               }
+
+                               if (c == ':') {
+                                       lex_read_unichar(0);
+                                       lex_read_space(0);
+                                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* body */
+       if (c != '{') /* '}' - hi, vim */ {
+               croak("In %"SVf": I was expecting a function body, not \"%c\"", SVfARG(declarator), (int)c);
+       }
+
+       /* surprise predeclaration! */
+       if (saw_name && !(spec->flags & FLAG_RUNTIME)) {
+               /* 'sub NAME (PROTO);' to make name/proto known to perl before it
+                  starts parsing the body */
+               const I32 sub_ix = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
+               SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
+
+               SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
+
+               newATTRSUB(
+                       sub_ix,
+                       mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
+                       proto ? mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto)) : NULL,
+                       NULL,
+                       NULL
+               );
+       }
+
+       if (builtin_attrs & MY_ATTR_LVALUE) {
+               CvLVALUE_on(PL_compcv);
+       }
+       if (builtin_attrs & MY_ATTR_METHOD) {
+               CvMETHOD_on(PL_compcv);
+       }
+       if (builtin_attrs & MY_ATTR_SPECIAL) {
+               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
+       }
+
+       /* check number of arguments */
+       if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
+               int amin, amax;
+
+               amin = args_min(aTHX_ param_spec, spec);
+               if (amin > 0) {
+                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *xcroak;
 
-#define HAVE_PERL_VERSION(R, V, S) \
-       (PERL_REVISION > (R) || (PERL_REVISION == (R) && (PERL_VERSION > (V) || (PERL_VERSION == (V) && (PERL_SUBVERSION >= (S))))))
+                       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Not enough arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amin));
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
+                       );
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               mkconstpvs(")")
+                       );
 
-typedef struct {
-       enum {
-               FLAG_NAME_OPTIONAL = 1,
-               FLAG_NAME_REQUIRED,
-               FLAG_NAME_PROHIBITED
-       } name;
-       SV *shift;
-       SV *attrs;
-} Spec;
+                       xcroak = newCVREF(OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                         newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV)));
+                       err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+                                     op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, xcroak));
 
-static int (*next_keyword_plugin)(pTHX_ char *, STRLEN, OP **);
+                       cond = newBINOP(OP_LT, 0,
+                                       newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                       mkconstiv(aTHX_ amin));
+                       chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
 
-static int kw_flags(pTHX_ const char *kw_ptr, STRLEN kw_len, Spec *spec) {
-       HV *hints;
-       SV *sv, **psv;
-       const char *p, *kw_active;
-       STRLEN kw_active_len;
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk)));
+               }
 
-       spec->name = 0;
-       spec->shift = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
-       spec->attrs = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+               amax = args_max(param_spec);
+               if (amax >= 0) {
+                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *xcroak;
 
-       if (!(hints = GvHV(PL_hintgv))) {
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       if (!(psv = hv_fetchs(hints, HINTK_KEYWORDS, 0))) {
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       sv = *psv;
-       kw_active = SvPV(sv, kw_active_len);
-       if (kw_active_len <= kw_len) {
-               return FALSE;
-       }
-       for (p = kw_active; p < kw_active + kw_active_len - kw_len; p++) {
-               if (
-                       (p == kw_active || p[-1] == ' ') &&
-                       p[kw_len] == ' ' &&
-                       memcmp(kw_ptr, p, kw_len) == 0
-               ) {
+                       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Too many arguments for %"SVf" (expected %d, got ", SVfARG(declarator), amax));
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv))
+                       );
+                       err = newBINOP(
+                               OP_CONCAT, 0,
+                               err,
+                               mkconstpvs(")")
+                       );
 
-#define FETCH_HINTK_INTO(NAME, PTR, LEN, X) do { \
-       const char *fk_ptr_; \
-       STRLEN fk_len_; \
-       SV *fk_sv_; \
-       fk_sv_ = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(HINTK_ ## NAME)); \
-       sv_catpvn(fk_sv_, PTR, LEN); \
-       fk_ptr_ = SvPV(fk_sv_, fk_len_); \
-       if (!((X) = hv_fetch(hints, fk_ptr_, fk_len_, 0))) { \
-               croak("%s: internal error: $^H{'%.*s'} not set", MY_PKG, (int)fk_len_, fk_ptr_); \
-       } \
-} while (0)
+                       xcroak = newCVREF(
+                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                       );
+                       err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+                       op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, xcroak));
 
-                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(NAME_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
-                       spec->name = SvIV(*psv);
+                       cond = newBINOP(
+                               OP_GT, 0,
+                               newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                               mkconstiv(aTHX_ amax)
+                       );
+                       chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
 
-                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(SHIFT_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
-                       SvSetSV(spec->shift, *psv);
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk)));
+               }
 
-                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(ATTRS_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
-                       SvSetSV(spec->attrs, *psv);
+               if (param_spec && (count_named_params(param_spec) || (param_spec->slurpy.name && SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '%'))) {
+                       OP *chk, *cond, *err, *xcroak;
+                       const UV fixed = count_positional_params(param_spec) + !!param_spec->invocant.name;
 
-#undef FETCH_HINTK_INTO
-                       return TRUE;
+                       err = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("Odd number of paired arguments for %"SVf"", SVfARG(declarator)));
+
+                       xcroak = newCVREF(
+                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                       );
+                       err = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+                       op_append_elem(OP_LIST, err, xcroak));
+
+                       cond = newBINOP(OP_GT, 0,
+                                       newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                       mkconstiv(aTHX_ fixed));
+                       cond = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0,
+                                       cond,
+                                       newBINOP(OP_MODULO, 0,
+                                                fixed
+                                                ? newBINOP(OP_SUBTRACT, 0,
+                                                           newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                                           mkconstiv(aTHX_ fixed))
+                                                : newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                                mkconstiv(aTHX_ 2)));
+                       chk = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, cond, err);
+
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, chk)));
                }
        }
-       return FALSE;
-}
 
+       if (!param_spec) {
+               /* my $invocant = shift; */
+               if (SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
+                       OP *var;
 
-#include "toke_on_crack.c.inc"
+                       var = my_var(
+                               aTHX_
+                               OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                               pad_add_name_sv(spec->shift, 0, NULL, NULL)
+                       );
+                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newOP(OP_SHIFT, 0));
 
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
+               }
+       } else {
+               /* my $invocant = shift; */
+               if (param_spec->invocant.name) {
+                       OP *var;
 
-static int parse_fun(pTHX_ OP **pop, const char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, const Spec *spec) {
-       SV *gen, *declarator, *params, *sv;
-       line_t line_start;
-       int saw_name, saw_colon;
-       STRLEN len;
-       char *s;
-       I32 c;
+                       var = my_var(
+                               aTHX_
+                               OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                               param_spec->invocant.padoff
+                       );
+                       var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, newOP(OP_SHIFT, 0));
 
-       gen = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs("sub"));
-       declarator = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(keyword_ptr, keyword_len));
-       params = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
 
-       line_start = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
-       lex_read_space(0);
+                       if (param_spec->invocant.type && (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_TARGS)) {
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, 0, &param_spec->invocant))));
+                       }
+               }
 
-       /* function name */
-       saw_name = 0;
-       s = PL_parser->bufptr;
-       if (spec->name != FLAG_NAME_PROHIBITED && (len = S_scan_word(aTHX_ s, TRUE))) {
-               sv_catpvs(gen, " ");
-               sv_catpvn(gen, s, len);
-               sv_catpvs(declarator, " ");
-               sv_catpvn(declarator, s, len);
-               lex_read_to(s + len);
-               lex_read_space(0);
-               saw_name = 1;
-       } else if (spec->name == FLAG_NAME_REQUIRED) {
-               croak("I was expecting a function name, not \"%.*s\"", (int)(PL_parser->bufend - s), s);
-       } else {
-               sv_catpvs(declarator, " (anon)");
-       }
+               /* my (...) = @_; */
+               {
+                       OP *lhs;
+                       size_t i, lim;
 
-       /* parameters */
-       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-       if (c == '(') {
-               SV *saw_slurpy = NULL;
+                       lhs = NULL;
 
-               lex_read_unichar(0);
-               lex_read_space(0);
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               OP *const var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       param_spec->positional_required.data[i].padoff
+                               );
+                               lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
+                       }
 
-               for (;;) {
-                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-                       if (c == '$' || c == '@' || c == '%') {
-                               sv_catpvf(params, "%c", (int)c);
-                               lex_read_unichar(0);
-                               lex_read_space(0);
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               OP *const var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       param_spec->positional_optional.data[i].param.padoff
+                               );
+                               lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
+                       }
 
-                               s = PL_parser->bufptr;
-                               if (!(len = S_scan_word(aTHX_ s, FALSE))) {
-                                       croak("In %.*s: missing identifier", (int)SvCUR(declarator), SvPV_nolen(declarator));
-                               }
-                               if (saw_slurpy) {
-                                       croak("In %.*s: I was expecting \")\" after \"%s\", not \"%c%.*s\"", (int)SvCUR(declarator), SvPV_nolen(declarator), SvPV_nolen(saw_slurpy), (int)c, (int)len, s);
+                       {
+                               PADOFFSET padoff;
+                               I32 type;
+                               bool slurpy_hash;
+
+                               /*
+                                * cases:
+                                *  1) no named params
+                                *   1.1) slurpy
+                                *       => put it in
+                                *   1.2) no slurpy
+                                *       => nop
+                                *  2) named params
+                                *   2.1) no slurpy
+                                *       => synthetic %{rest}
+                                *   2.2) slurpy is a hash
+                                *       => put it in
+                                *   2.3) slurpy is an array
+                                *       => synthetic %{rest}
+                                *          remember to declare array later
+                                */
+
+                               slurpy_hash = param_spec->slurpy.name && SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '%';
+                               if (!count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                                       if (param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                                               padoff = param_spec->slurpy.padoff;
+                                               type = slurpy_hash ? OP_PADHV : OP_PADAV;
+                                       } else {
+                                               padoff = NOT_IN_PAD;
+                                               type = OP_PADSV;
+                                       }
+                               } else if (slurpy_hash) {
+                                       padoff = param_spec->slurpy.padoff;
+                                       type = OP_PADHV;
+                               } else {
+                                       padoff = param_spec->rest_hash = pad_add_name_pvs("%{rest}", 0, NULL, NULL);
+                                       type = OP_PADHV;
                                }
-                               if (c != '$') {
-                                       saw_slurpy = sv_2mortal(newSVpvf("%c%.*s", (int)c, (int)len, s));
+
+                               if (padoff != NOT_IN_PAD) {
+                                       OP *const var = my_var_g(
+                                               aTHX_
+                                               type,
+                                               OPf_WANT_LIST | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                               padoff
+                                       );
+
+                                       lhs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, lhs, var);
+
+                                       if (type == OP_PADHV) {
+                                               param_spec->rest_hash = padoff;
+                                       }
                                }
-                               sv_catpvn(params, s, len);
-                               sv_catpvs(params, ",");
-                               lex_read_to(s + len);
-                               lex_read_space(0);
+                       }
 
-                               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-                               if (c == ',') {
-                                       lex_read_unichar(0);
-                                       lex_read_space(0);
-                                       continue;
+                       if (lhs) {
+                               OP *rhs;
+                               lhs->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
+                               rhs = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
+
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(
+                                       OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op,
+                                       newSTATEOP(
+                                               0, NULL,
+                                               newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, lhs, 0, rhs)
+                                       )
+                               ));
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* default positional arguments */
+               {
+                       size_t i, lim, req;
+                       OP *nest;
+
+                       nest = NULL;
+
+                       req = param_spec->positional_required.used;
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               ParamInit *cur = &param_spec->positional_optional.data[i];
+                               OP *var, *cond;
+
+                               cond = newBINOP(
+                                       OP_LT, 0,
+                                       newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
+                                       mkconstiv(aTHX_ req + i + 1)
+                               );
+
+                               var = my_var(aTHX_ 0, cur->param.padoff);
+
+                               nest = op_append_list(
+                                       OP_LINESEQ, nest,
+                                       newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, op_guard_relinquish(&cur->init))
+                               );
+                               nest = newCONDOP(
+                                       0,
+                                       cond,
+                                       nest,
+                                       NULL
+                               );
+                       }
+
+                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(
+                               OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op,
+                               nest
+                       ));
+               }
+
+               /* named parameters */
+               if (count_named_params(param_spec)) {
+                       size_t i, lim;
+
+                       assert(param_spec->rest_hash != NOT_IN_PAD);
+
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];
+                               size_t n;
+                               char *p = SvPV(cur->name, n);
+                               OP *var, *cond;
+
+                               cond = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+
+                               if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
+                                       OP *xcroak, *msg;
+
+                                       var = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+                                       var = newUNOP(OP_DELETE, 0, var);
+
+                                       msg = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": missing named parameter: %.*s", SVfARG(declarator), (int)(n - 1), p + 1));
+                                       xcroak = newCVREF(
+                                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                                       );
+                                       xcroak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, xcroak));
+
+                                       cond = newUNOP(OP_EXISTS, 0, cond);
+
+                                       cond = newCONDOP(0, cond, var, xcroak);
                                }
+
+                               var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       cur->padoff
+                               );
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cond);
+
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
                        }
 
-                       if (c == ')') {
-                               lex_read_unichar(0);
-                               lex_read_space(0);
-                               break;
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               ParamInit *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i];
+                               size_t n;
+                               char *p = SvPV(cur->param.name, n);
+                               OP *var, *cond;
+
+                               var = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+                               var = newUNOP(OP_DELETE, 0, var);
+
+                               cond = mkhvelem(aTHX_ param_spec->rest_hash, mkconstpv(aTHX_ p + 1, n - 1));
+                               cond = newUNOP(OP_EXISTS, 0, cond);
+
+                               cond = newCONDOP(0, cond, var, op_guard_relinquish(&cur->init));
+
+                               var = my_var(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       cur->param.padoff
+                               );
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, cond);
+
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
                        }
 
-                       if (c == -1) {
-                               croak("In %.*s: unexpected EOF in parameter list", (int)SvCUR(declarator), SvPV_nolen(declarator));
+                       if (!param_spec->slurpy.name) {
+                               if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_NARGS) {
+                                       /* croak if %{rest} */
+                                       OP *xcroak, *cond, *keys, *msg;
+
+                                       keys = newUNOP(OP_KEYS, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
+                                       keys = newLISTOP(OP_SORT, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0), keys);
+                                       {
+                                               OP *first, *mid, *last;
+
+                                               last = keys;
+
+                                               mid = mkconstpvs(", ");
+                                               mid->op_sibling = last;
+
+                                               first = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
+
+                                               keys = newLISTOP(OP_JOIN, 0, first, mid);
+                                               keys->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_JOIN, SVs_PADTMP);
+                                               ((LISTOP *)keys)->op_last = last;
+                                       }
+
+                                       msg = mkconstsv(aTHX_ newSVpvf("In %"SVf": no such named parameter: ", SVfARG(declarator)));
+                                       msg = newBINOP(OP_CONCAT, 0, msg, keys);
+
+                                       xcroak = newCVREF(
+                                               OPf_WANT_SCALAR,
+                                               newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs("Carp::croak", 0, SVt_PVCV))
+                                       );
+                                       xcroak = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, op_append_elem(OP_LIST, msg, xcroak));
+
+                                       cond = newUNOP(OP_KEYS, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
+                                       xcroak = newCONDOP(0, cond, xcroak, NULL);
+
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, xcroak)));
+                               } else {
+                                       OP *clear;
+
+                                       clear = newASSIGNOP(
+                                               OPf_STACKED,
+                                               my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash),
+                                               0,
+                                               newNULLLIST()
+                                       );
+
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, clear)));
+                               }
+                       } else if (param_spec->slurpy.padoff != param_spec->rest_hash) {
+                               OP *var, *clear;
+
+                               assert(SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@');
+
+                               var = my_var_g(
+                                       aTHX_
+                                       OP_PADAV,
+                                       OPf_MOD | (OPpLVAL_INTRO << 8),
+                                       param_spec->slurpy.padoff
+                               );
+
+                               var = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, var, 0, my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash));
+
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var)));
+
+                               clear = newASSIGNOP(
+                                       OPf_STACKED,
+                                       my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->rest_hash),
+                                       0,
+                                       newNULLLIST()
+                               );
+
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, clear)));
                        }
-                       croak("In %.*s: unexpected '%c' in parameter list", (int)SvCUR(declarator), SvPV_nolen(declarator), (int)c);
                }
-       }
 
-       /* prototype */
-       saw_colon = 0;
-       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-       if (c == ':') {
-               lex_read_unichar(0);
-               lex_read_space(0);
+               if (spec->flags & FLAG_CHECK_TARGS) {
+                       size_t i, lim, base;
 
-               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-               if (c != '(') {
-                       saw_colon = 1;
-               } else {
-                       sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
-                       if (!S_scan_str(aTHX_ sv, TRUE, TRUE)) {
-                               croak("In %.*s: malformed prototype", (int)SvCUR(declarator), SvPV_nolen(declarator));
+                       base = 1;
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->positional_required.data[i];
+
+                               if (cur->type) {
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
+                               }
+                       }
+                       base += i;
+
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->positional_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->positional_optional.data[i].param;
+
+                               if (cur->type) {
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
+                               }
+                       }
+                       base += i;
+
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_required.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_required.data[i];
+
+                               if (cur->type) {
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
+                               }
+                       }
+                       base += i;
+
+                       for (i = 0, lim = param_spec->named_optional.used; i < lim; i++) {
+                               Param *cur = &param_spec->named_optional.data[i].param;
+
+                               if (cur->type) {
+                                       op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, mktypecheckp(aTHX_ declarator, base + i, cur))));
+                               }
+                       }
+                       base += i;
+
+                       if (param_spec->slurpy.type) {
+                               /* $type->valid($_) or croak $type->get_message($_) for @rest / values %rest */
+                               OP *check, *list, *loop;
+
+                               check = mktypecheck(aTHX_ declarator, base, param_spec->slurpy.name, NOT_IN_PAD, param_spec->slurpy.type);
+
+                               if (SvPV_nolen(param_spec->slurpy.name)[0] == '@') {
+                                       list = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADAV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff);
+                               } else {
+                                       list = my_var_g(aTHX_ OP_PADHV, 0, param_spec->slurpy.padoff);
+                                       list = newUNOP(OP_VALUES, 0, list);
+                               }
+
+                               loop = newFOROP(0, NULL, list, check, NULL);
+
+                               op_guard_update(prelude_sentinel, op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, prelude_sentinel->op, newSTATEOP(0, NULL, loop)));
                        }
-                       sv_catsv(gen, sv);
-                       lex_read_space(0);
                }
        }
 
-       if (saw_name) {
-               len = SvCUR(gen);
-               s = SvGROW(gen, (len + 1) * 2);
-               sv_catpvs(gen, ";");
-               sv_catpvn(gen, s, len);
-       }
+       /* finally let perl parse the actual subroutine body */
+       body = parse_block(0);
 
-       /* attributes */
-       if (SvTRUE(spec->attrs)) {
-               sv_catsv(gen, spec->attrs);
+       /* add '();' to make function return nothing by default */
+       /* (otherwise the invisible parameter initialization can "leak" into
+          the return value: fun ($x) {}->("asdf", 0) == 2) */
+       if (prelude_sentinel->op) {
+               body = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, body);
        }
 
-       if (!saw_colon) {
-               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-               if (c == ':') {
-                       saw_colon = 1;
-                       lex_read_unichar(0);
-                       lex_read_space(0);
+       body = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, op_guard_relinquish(prelude_sentinel), body);
+
+       /* it's go time. */
+       {
+               int runtime = spec->flags & FLAG_RUNTIME;
+               CV *cv;
+               OP *const attrs = op_guard_relinquish(attrs_sentinel);
+
+               SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
+
+               /* close outer block: '}' */
+               S_block_end(aTHX_ save_ix, body);
+
+               cv = newATTRSUB(
+                       floor_ix,
+                       saw_name && !runtime ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)) : NULL,
+                       proto                ? newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(proto))    : NULL,
+                       attrs,
+                       body
+               );
+
+               if (cv) {
+                       register_info(aTHX_ PTR2UV(CvROOT(cv)), declarator, spec, param_spec);
                }
-       }
-       if (saw_colon) {
-               for (;;) {
-                       s = PL_parser->bufptr;
-                       if (!(len = S_scan_word(aTHX_ s, FALSE))) {
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       sv_catpvs(gen, ":");
-                       sv_catpvn(gen, s, len);
-                       lex_read_to(s + len);
-                       lex_read_space(0);
-                       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-                       if (c == '(') {
-                               sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
-                               if (!S_scan_str(aTHX_ sv, TRUE, TRUE)) {
-                                       croak("In %.*s: malformed attribute argument list", (int)SvCUR(declarator), SvPV_nolen(declarator));
-                               }
-                               sv_catsv(gen, sv);
-                               lex_read_space(0);
-                               c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-                       }
-                       if (c == ':') {
-                               lex_read_unichar(0);
-                               lex_read_space(0);
+
+               if (saw_name) {
+                       if (!runtime) {
+                               *pop = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
+                       } else {
+                               *pop = newUNOP(
+                                       OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
+                                       op_append_elem(
+                                               OP_LIST,
+                                               op_append_elem(
+                                                       OP_LIST,
+                                                       mkconstsv(aTHX_ SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(saw_name)),
+                                                       newUNOP(
+                                                               OP_REFGEN, 0,
+                                                               newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0, (SV *)cv)
+                                                       )
+                                               ),
+                                               newCVREF(0, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(MY_PKG "::_defun", 0, SVt_PVCV)))
+                                       )
+                               );
                        }
+                       return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_STMT;
                }
+
+               *pop = newUNOP(
+                       OP_REFGEN, 0,
+                       newSVOP(
+                               OP_ANONCODE, 0,
+                               (SV *)cv
+                       )
+               );
+               return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_EXPR;
        }
+}
 
-       /* body */
-       c = lex_peek_unichar(0);
-       if (c != '{') {
-               croak("In %.*s: I was expecting a function body, not \"%c\"", (int)SvCUR(declarator), SvPV_nolen(declarator), (int)c);
+static int kw_flags_enter(pTHX_ Sentinel sen, const char *kw_ptr, STRLEN kw_len, KWSpec *spec) {
+       HV *hints;
+       SV *sv, **psv;
+       const char *p, *kw_active;
+       STRLEN kw_active_len;
+       bool kw_is_utf8;
+
+       if (!(hints = GvHV(PL_hintgv))) {
+               return FALSE;
        }
-       lex_read_unichar(0);
-       sv_catpvs(gen, "{");
-       if (SvTRUE(spec->shift)) {
-               sv_catpvs(gen, "my");
-               sv_catsv(gen, spec->shift);
-               sv_catpvs(gen, "=shift;");
+       if (!(psv = hv_fetchs(hints, HINTK_KEYWORDS, 0))) {
+               return FALSE;
        }
-       if (SvCUR(params)) {
-               sv_catpvs(gen, "my(");
-               sv_catsv(gen, params);
-               sv_catpvs(gen, ")=@_;");
+       sv = *psv;
+       kw_active = SvPV(sv, kw_active_len);
+       if (kw_active_len <= kw_len) {
+               return FALSE;
        }
 
+       kw_is_utf8 = lex_bufutf8();
 
-       /* named sub */
-       if (saw_name) {
-               /* fprintf(stderr, "! [%.*s]\n", (int)(PL_bufend - PL_bufptr), PL_bufptr); */
-               lex_stuff_sv(gen, SvUTF8(gen));
-               *pop = parse_barestmt(0);
-               return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_STMT;
-       }
+       for (
+               p = kw_active;
+               (p = strchr(p, *kw_ptr)) &&
+               p < kw_active + kw_active_len - kw_len;
+               p++
+       ) {
+               if (
+                       (p == kw_active || p[-1] == ' ') &&
+                       p[kw_len] == ' ' &&
+                       memcmp(kw_ptr, p, kw_len) == 0
+               ) {
+                       ENTER;
+                       SAVETMPS;
+
+                       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(sentinel_clear_void, sen);
+
+                       spec->flags = 0;
+                       spec->reify_type = 0;
+                       spec->shift = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
+                       spec->attrs = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(""));
+
+#define FETCH_HINTK_INTO(NAME, PTR, LEN, X) STMT_START { \
+       const char *fk_ptr_; \
+       STRLEN fk_len_; \
+       I32 fk_xlen_; \
+       SV *fk_sv_; \
+       fk_sv_ = sentinel_mortalize(sen, newSVpvs(HINTK_ ## NAME)); \
+       sv_catpvn(fk_sv_, PTR, LEN); \
+       fk_ptr_ = SvPV(fk_sv_, fk_len_); \
+       fk_xlen_ = fk_len_; \
+       if (kw_is_utf8) { \
+               fk_xlen_ = -fk_xlen_; \
+       } \
+       if (!((X) = hv_fetch(hints, fk_ptr_, fk_xlen_, 0))) { \
+               croak("%s: internal error: $^H{'%.*s'} not set", MY_PKG, (int)fk_len_, fk_ptr_); \
+       } \
+} STMT_END
+
+                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(FLAGS_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
+                       spec->flags = SvIV(*psv);
+
+                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(REIFY_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
+                       spec->reify_type = SvIV(*psv);
+
+                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(SHIFT_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
+                       SvSetSV(spec->shift, *psv);
 
-       /* anon sub */
-       sv_catpvs(gen, "BEGIN{" MY_PKG "::_fini}");
-       /* fprintf(stderr, "!> [%.*s]\n", (int)(PL_bufend - PL_bufptr), PL_bufptr); */
-       lex_stuff_sv(gen, SvUTF8(gen));
-       *pop = parse_arithexpr(0);
-       s = PL_parser->bufptr;
-       if (*s != '}') {
-               croak("%s: internal error: expected '}', found '%c'", MY_PKG, *s);
+                       FETCH_HINTK_INTO(ATTRS_, kw_ptr, kw_len, psv);
+                       SvSetSV(spec->attrs, *psv);
+
+#undef FETCH_HINTK_INTO
+                       return TRUE;
+               }
        }
-       lex_unstuff(s + 1);
-       /* fprintf(stderr, "!< [%.*s]\n", (int)(PL_bufend - PL_bufptr), PL_bufptr); */
-       return KEYWORD_PLUGIN_EXPR;
+       return FALSE;
 }
 
 static int my_keyword_plugin(pTHX_ char *keyword_ptr, STRLEN keyword_len, OP **op_ptr) {
-       Spec spec;
+       Sentinel sen = { NULL };
+       KWSpec spec;
        int ret;
 
-       SAVETMPS;
-
-       if (kw_flags(aTHX_ keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec)) {
-               ret = parse_fun(aTHX_ op_ptr, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec);
+       if (kw_flags_enter(aTHX_ sen, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec)) {
+               /* scope was entered, 'sen' and 'spec' are initialized */
+               ret = parse_fun(aTHX_ sen, op_ptr, keyword_ptr, keyword_len, &spec);
+               FREETMPS;
+               LEAVE;
        } else {
+               /* not one of our keywords, no allocation done */
                ret = next_keyword_plugin(aTHX_ keyword_ptr, keyword_len, op_ptr);
        }
 
-       FREETMPS;
-
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int magic_free(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg) {
-       lex_stuff_pvn("}", 1, 0);
-       /* fprintf(stderr, "!~ [%.*s]\n", (int)(PL_bufend - PL_bufptr), PL_bufptr); */
-       return 0;
-}
+#ifndef SvREFCNT_dec_NN
+#define SvREFCNT_dec_NN(SV) SvREFCNT_dec(SV)
+#endif
 
-static int magic_nop(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg) {
-       return 0;
-}
+#ifndef assert_
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+#define assert_(X) assert(X),
+#else
+#define assert_(X)
+#endif
+#endif
 
-static MGVTBL my_vtbl = {
-       0,           /* get   */
-       0,           /* set   */
-       0,           /* len   */
-       0,           /* clear */
-       magic_free,  /* free  */
-       0,           /* copy  */
-       0,           /* dup   */
-       magic_nop    /* local */
-};
+#ifndef gv_method_changed
+#define gv_method_changed(GV) (              \
+       assert_(isGV_with_GP(GV))                \
+       GvREFCNT(GV) > 1                         \
+               ? (void)PL_sub_generation++          \
+               : mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(GV)) \
+)
+#endif
 
 WARNINGS_RESET
 
-MODULE = Function::Parameters   PACKAGE = Function::Parameters
+MODULE = Function::Parameters   PACKAGE = Function::Parameters   PREFIX = fp_
 PROTOTYPES: ENABLE
 
+UV
+fp__cv_root(sv)
+       SV *sv
+       PREINIT:
+               CV *xcv;
+               HV *hv;
+               GV *gv;
+       CODE:
+               xcv = sv_2cv(sv, &hv, &gv, 0);
+               RETVAL = PTR2UV(xcv ? CvROOT(xcv) : NULL);
+       OUTPUT:
+               RETVAL
+
+void
+fp__defun(name, body)
+       SV *name
+       CV *body
+       PREINIT:
+               GV *gv;
+               CV *xcv;
+       CODE:
+               assert(SvTYPE(body) == SVt_PVCV);
+               gv = gv_fetchsv(name, GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVCV);
+               xcv = GvCV(gv);
+               if (xcv) {
+                       if (!GvCVGEN(gv) && (CvROOT(xcv) || CvXSUB(xcv)) && ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)) {
+                               warner(packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE), "Subroutine %"SVf" redefined", SVfARG(name));
+                       }
+                       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(xcv);
+               }
+               GvCVGEN(gv) = 0;
+               GvASSUMECV_on(gv);
+               if (GvSTASH(gv)) {
+                       gv_method_changed(gv);
+               }
+               GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(body));
+               CvGV_set(body, gv);
+               CvANON_off(body);
+
 BOOT:
 WARNINGS_ENABLE {
        HV *const stash = gv_stashpvs(MY_PKG, GV_ADD);
        /**/
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAME_OPTIONAL", newSViv(FLAG_NAME_OPTIONAL));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAME_REQUIRED", newSViv(FLAG_NAME_REQUIRED));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAME_PROHIBITED", newSViv(FLAG_NAME_PROHIBITED));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAME_OK",      newSViv(FLAG_NAME_OK));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_ANON_OK",      newSViv(FLAG_ANON_OK));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS", newSViv(FLAG_DEFAULT_ARGS));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_CHECK_NARGS",  newSViv(FLAG_CHECK_NARGS));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_INVOCANT",     newSViv(FLAG_INVOCANT));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS", newSViv(FLAG_NAMED_PARAMS));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_TYPES_OK",     newSViv(FLAG_TYPES_OK));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_CHECK_TARGS",  newSViv(FLAG_CHECK_TARGS));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "FLAG_RUNTIME",      newSViv(FLAG_RUNTIME));
        newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_KEYWORDS", newSVpvs(HINTK_KEYWORDS));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_NAME_", newSVpvs(HINTK_NAME_));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_SHIFT_", newSVpvs(HINTK_SHIFT_));
-       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_ATTRS_", newSVpvs(HINTK_ATTRS_));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_FLAGS_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_FLAGS_));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_SHIFT_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_SHIFT_));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_ATTRS_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_ATTRS_));
+       newCONSTSUB(stash, "HINTK_REIFY_",   newSVpvs(HINTK_REIFY_));
        /**/
        next_keyword_plugin = PL_keyword_plugin;
        PL_keyword_plugin = my_keyword_plugin;
 } WARNINGS_RESET
-
-void
-_fini()
-       CODE:
-       sv_magicext((SV *)GvHV(PL_hintgv), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_ext, &my_vtbl, NULL, 0);