3 sub _getglob { \*{$_[0]} }
4 sub _getstash { \%{"$_[0]::"} }
7 use warnings FATAL => 'all';
9 our $VERSION = '1.002005'; # 1.2.5
10 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
17 # Module state workaround totally stolen from Zefram's Module::Runtime.
20 *_WORK_AROUND_BROKEN_MODULE_STATE = "$]" < 5.009 ? sub(){1} : sub(){0};
23 sub Role::Tiny::__GUARD__::DESTROY {
24 delete $INC{$_[0]->[0]} if @{$_[0]};
28 (my $proto = $_[0]) =~ s/::/\//g;
30 return 1 if $INC{$proto};
31 # can't just ->can('can') because a sub-package Foo::Bar::Baz
32 # creates a 'Baz::' key in Foo::Bar's symbol table
33 return 1 if grep !/::$/, keys %{_getstash($_[0])||{}};
34 my $guard = _WORK_AROUND_BROKEN_MODULE_STATE
35 && bless([ $proto ], 'Role::Tiny::__GUARD__');
37 pop @$guard if _WORK_AROUND_BROKEN_MODULE_STATE;
45 warnings->import(FATAL => 'all');
46 return if $INFO{$target}; # already exported into this package
47 $INFO{$target}{is_role} = 1;
48 # get symbol table reference
49 my $stash = _getstash($target);
50 # install before/after/around subs
51 foreach my $type (qw(before after around)) {
52 *{_getglob "${target}::${type}"} = sub {
53 require Class::Method::Modifiers;
54 push @{$INFO{$target}{modifiers}||=[]}, [ $type => @_ ];
58 *{_getglob "${target}::requires"} = sub {
59 push @{$INFO{$target}{requires}||=[]}, @_;
62 *{_getglob "${target}::with"} = sub {
63 $me->apply_roles_to_package($target, @_);
66 # grab all *non-constant* (stash slot is not a scalarref) subs present
67 # in the symbol table and store their refaddrs (no need to forcibly
68 # inflate constant subs into real subs) with a map to the coderefs in
69 # case of copying or re-use
70 my @not_methods = (map { *$_{CODE}||() } grep !ref($_), values %$stash);
71 @{$INFO{$target}{not_methods}={}}{@not_methods} = @not_methods;
73 $APPLIED_TO{$target} = { $target => undef };
76 sub role_application_steps {
77 qw(_install_methods _check_requires _install_modifiers _copy_applied_list);
80 sub apply_single_role_to_package {
81 my ($me, $to, $role) = @_;
85 die "This is apply_role_to_package" if ref($to);
86 die "${role} is not a Role::Tiny" unless $INFO{$role};
88 foreach my $step ($me->role_application_steps) {
89 $me->$step($to, $role);
93 sub _copy_applied_list {
94 my ($me, $to, $role) = @_;
95 # copy our role list into the target's
96 @{$APPLIED_TO{$to}||={}}{keys %{$APPLIED_TO{$role}}} = ();
99 sub apply_roles_to_object {
100 my ($me, $object, @roles) = @_;
101 die "No roles supplied!" unless @roles;
102 my $class = ref($object);
103 bless($object, $me->create_class_with_roles($class, @roles));
107 sub create_class_with_roles {
108 my ($me, $superclass, @roles) = @_;
110 die "No roles supplied!" unless @roles;
112 _load_module($superclass);
115 $seen{$_}++ for @roles;
116 if (my @dupes = grep $seen{$_} > 1, @roles) {
117 die "Duplicated roles: ".join(', ', @dupes);
122 '__WITH__', $superclass, my $compose_name = join '__AND__', @roles
125 return $new_name if $COMPOSED{class}{$new_name};
127 foreach my $role (@roles) {
129 die "${role} is not a Role::Tiny" unless $INFO{$role};
138 my @composable = map $me->_composable_package_for($_), reverse @roles;
140 my $composite_info = $me->_composite_info_for(@roles);
141 my %conflicts = %{$composite_info->{conflicts}};
142 if (keys %conflicts) {
146 "Method name conflict for '$_' between roles "
147 ."'".join(' and ', sort values %{$conflicts{$_}})."'"
148 .", cannot apply these simultaneously to an object."
153 my @requires = grep {
155 !grep $_->can($method) && !$COMPOSED{role}{$_}{modifiers_only}{$method},
157 } @{$composite_info->{requires}};
159 $me->_check_requires(
160 $superclass, $compose_name, \@requires
163 *{_getglob("${new_name}::ISA")} = [ @composable, $superclass ];
165 @{$APPLIED_TO{$new_name}||={}}{
166 map keys %{$APPLIED_TO{$_}}, @roles
169 $COMPOSED{class}{$new_name} = 1;
173 # preserved for compat, and apply_roles_to_package calls it to allow an
174 # updated Role::Tiny to use a non-updated Moo::Role
176 sub apply_role_to_package { shift->apply_single_role_to_package(@_) }
178 sub apply_roles_to_package {
179 my ($me, $to, @roles) = @_;
181 return $me->apply_role_to_package($to, $roles[0]) if @roles == 1;
183 my %conflicts = %{$me->_composite_info_for(@roles)->{conflicts}};
184 delete $conflicts{$_} for keys %{ $me->_concrete_methods_of($to) };
185 if (keys %conflicts) {
189 "Due to a method name conflict between roles "
190 ."'".join(' and ', sort values %{$conflicts{$_}})."'"
191 .", the method '$_' must be implemented by '${to}'"
196 # the if guard here is essential since otherwise we accidentally create
197 # a $INFO for something that isn't a Role::Tiny (or Moo::Role) because
198 # autovivification hates us and wants us to die()
200 delete $INFO{$to}{methods}; # reset since we're about to add methods
203 # backcompat: allow subclasses to use apply_single_role_to_package
204 # to apply changes. set a local var so ours does nothing.
205 our %BACKCOMPAT_HACK;
206 if($me ne __PACKAGE__
207 and exists $BACKCOMPAT_HACK{$me} ? $BACKCOMPAT_HACK{$me} :
208 $BACKCOMPAT_HACK{$me} =
209 $me->can('role_application_steps')
210 == \&role_application_steps
211 && $me->can('apply_single_role_to_package')
212 != \&apply_single_role_to_package
214 foreach my $role (@roles) {
215 $me->apply_single_role_to_package($to, $role);
219 foreach my $step ($me->role_application_steps) {
220 foreach my $role (@roles) {
221 $me->$step($to, $role);
225 $APPLIED_TO{$to}{join('|',@roles)} = 1;
228 sub _composite_info_for {
229 my ($me, @roles) = @_;
230 $COMPOSITE_INFO{join('|', sort @roles)} ||= do {
231 foreach my $role (@roles) {
235 foreach my $role (@roles) {
236 my $this_methods = $me->_concrete_methods_of($role);
237 $methods{$_}{$this_methods->{$_}} = $role for keys %$this_methods;
240 @requires{map @{$INFO{$_}{requires}||[]}, @roles} = ();
241 delete $requires{$_} for keys %methods;
242 delete $methods{$_} for grep keys(%{$methods{$_}}) == 1, keys %methods;
243 +{ conflicts => \%methods, requires => [keys %requires] }
247 sub _composable_package_for {
248 my ($me, $role) = @_;
249 my $composed_name = 'Role::Tiny::_COMPOSABLE::'.$role;
250 return $composed_name if $COMPOSED{role}{$composed_name};
251 $me->_install_methods($composed_name, $role);
252 my $base_name = $composed_name.'::_BASE';
253 # force stash to exist
254 _getstash($base_name);
255 # Not using _getglob, since setting @ISA via the typeglob breaks
256 # inheritance on 5.10.0 if the stash has previously been accessed an
257 # then a method called on the class (in that order!), which
258 # ->_install_methods (with the help of ->_install_does) ends up doing.
259 { no strict 'refs'; @{"${composed_name}::ISA"} = ( $base_name ); }
260 my $modifiers = $INFO{$role}{modifiers}||[];
262 my @modifiers = grep !$composed_name->can($_),
263 do { my %h; @h{map @{$_}[1..$#$_-1], @$modifiers} = (); keys %h };
264 foreach my $modified (@modifiers) {
265 push @mod_base, "sub ${modified} { shift->next::method(\@_) }";
270 eval(my $code = join "\n", "package ${base_name};", @mod_base);
271 $e = "Evaling failed: $@\nTrying to eval:\n${code}" if $@;
274 $me->_install_modifiers($composed_name, $role);
275 $COMPOSED{role}{$composed_name} = {
276 modifiers_only => { map { $_ => 1 } @modifiers },
278 return $composed_name;
281 sub _check_requires {
282 my ($me, $to, $name, $requires) = @_;
283 return unless my @requires = @{$requires||$INFO{$name}{requires}||[]};
284 if (my @requires_fail = grep !$to->can($_), @requires) {
285 # role -> role, add to requires, role -> class, error out
286 if (my $to_info = $INFO{$to}) {
287 push @{$to_info->{requires}||=[]}, @requires_fail;
289 die "Can't apply ${name} to ${to} - missing ".join(', ', @requires_fail);
294 sub _concrete_methods_of {
295 my ($me, $role) = @_;
296 my $info = $INFO{$role};
297 # grab role symbol table
298 my $stash = _getstash($role);
299 # reverse so our keys become the values (captured coderefs) in case
300 # they got copied or re-used since
301 my $not_methods = { reverse %{$info->{not_methods}||{}} };
302 $info->{methods} ||= +{
303 # grab all code entries that aren't in the not_methods list
305 my $code = *{$stash->{$_}}{CODE};
306 ( ! $code or exists $not_methods->{$code} ) ? () : ($_ => $code)
307 } grep !ref($stash->{$_}), keys %$stash
311 sub methods_provided_by {
312 my ($me, $role) = @_;
313 die "${role} is not a Role::Tiny" unless my $info = $INFO{$role};
314 (keys %{$me->_concrete_methods_of($role)}, @{$info->{requires}||[]});
317 sub _install_methods {
318 my ($me, $to, $role) = @_;
320 my $info = $INFO{$role};
322 my $methods = $me->_concrete_methods_of($role);
324 # grab target symbol table
325 my $stash = _getstash($to);
327 # determine already extant methods of target
330 +(ref($stash->{$_}) || *{$stash->{$_}}{CODE}),
334 foreach my $i (grep !exists $has_methods{$_}, keys %$methods) {
336 *{_getglob "${to}::${i}"} = $methods->{$i};
339 $me->_install_does($to);
342 sub _install_modifiers {
343 my ($me, $to, $name) = @_;
344 return unless my $modifiers = $INFO{$name}{modifiers};
345 if (my $info = $INFO{$to}) {
346 push @{$info->{modifiers}}, @{$modifiers||[]};
348 foreach my $modifier (@{$modifiers||[]}) {
349 $me->_install_single_modifier($to, @$modifier);
356 sub _install_single_modifier {
357 my ($me, @args) = @_;
358 defined($vcheck_error) or $vcheck_error = do {
360 eval { Class::Method::Modifiers->VERSION(1.05); 1 }
364 $vcheck_error and die $vcheck_error;
365 Class::Method::Modifiers::install_modifier(@args);
368 my $FALLBACK = sub { 0 };
372 # only add does() method to classes
373 return if $INFO{$to};
375 # add does() only if they don't have one
376 *{_getglob "${to}::does"} = \&does_role unless $to->can('does');
378 return if ($to->can('DOES') and $to->can('DOES') != (UNIVERSAL->can('DOES') || 0));
380 my $existing = $to->can('DOES') || $to->can('isa') || $FALLBACK;
382 my ($proto, $role) = @_;
383 Role::Tiny::does_role($proto, $role) or $proto->$existing($role);
385 no warnings 'redefine';
386 *{_getglob "${to}::DOES"} = $new_sub;
390 my ($proto, $role) = @_;
396 foreach my $class (@{mro::get_linear_isa(ref($proto)||$proto)}) {
397 return 1 if exists $APPLIED_TO{$class}{$role};
403 my ($me, $role) = @_;
404 return !!$INFO{$role};
413 Role::Tiny - Roles. Like a nouvelle cuisine portion size slice of Moose.
425 around baz => sub { ... }
433 use Role::Tiny::With;
435 # bar gets imported, but not foo
440 # baz is wrapped in the around modifier by Class::Method::Modifiers
445 If you wanted attributes as well, look at L<Moo::Role>.
449 C<Role::Tiny> is a minimalist role composition tool.
451 =head1 ROLE COMPOSITION
453 Role composition can be thought of as much more clever and meaningful multiple
454 inheritance. The basics of this implementation of roles is:
460 If a method is already defined on a class, that method will not be composed in
465 If a method that the role L</requires> to be implemented is not implemented,
466 role application will fail loudly.
470 Unlike L<Class::C3>, where the B<last> class inherited from "wins," role
471 composition is the other way around, where the class wins. If multiple roles
472 are applied in a single call (single with statement), then if any of their
473 provided methods clash, an exception is raised unless the class provides
474 a method since this conflict indicates a potential problem.
476 =head1 IMPORTED SUBROUTINES
480 requires qw(foo bar);
482 Declares a list of methods that must be defined to compose role.
488 with 'Some::Role1', 'Some::Role2';
490 Composes another role into the current role (or class via L<Role::Tiny::With>).
492 If you have conflicts and want to resolve them in favour of Some::Role1 you
498 If you have conflicts and want to resolve different conflicts in favour of
499 different roles, please refactor your codebase.
503 before foo => sub { ... };
505 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/before method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
508 Note that since you are not required to use method modifiers,
509 L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is lazily loaded and we do not declare it as
510 a dependency. If your L<Role::Tiny> role uses modifiers you must depend on
511 both L<Class::Method::Modifiers> and L<Role::Tiny>.
515 around foo => sub { ... };
517 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/around method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
520 Note that since you are not required to use method modifiers,
521 L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is lazily loaded and we do not declare it as
522 a dependency. If your L<Role::Tiny> role uses modifiers you must depend on
523 both L<Class::Method::Modifiers> and L<Role::Tiny>.
527 after foo => sub { ... };
529 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/after method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
532 Note that since you are not required to use method modifiers,
533 L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is lazily loaded and we do not declare it as
534 a dependency. If your L<Role::Tiny> role uses modifiers you must depend on
535 both L<Class::Method::Modifiers> and L<Role::Tiny>.
541 if (Role::Tiny::does_role($foo, 'Some::Role')) {
545 Returns true if class has been composed with role.
547 This subroutine is also installed as ->does on any class a Role::Tiny is
548 composed into unless that class already has an ->does method, so
550 if ($foo->does('Some::Role')) {
554 will work for classes but to test a role, one must use ::does_role directly.
556 Additionally, Role::Tiny will override the standard Perl C<DOES> method
557 for your class. However, if C<any> class in your class' inheritance
558 hierarchy provides C<DOES>, then Role::Tiny will not override it.
562 =head2 apply_roles_to_package
564 Role::Tiny->apply_roles_to_package(
565 'Some::Package', 'Some::Role', 'Some::Other::Role'
568 Composes role with package. See also L<Role::Tiny::With>.
570 =head2 apply_roles_to_object
572 Role::Tiny->apply_roles_to_object($foo, qw(Some::Role1 Some::Role2));
574 Composes roles in order into object directly. Object is reblessed into the
577 =head2 create_class_with_roles
579 Role::Tiny->create_class_with_roles('Some::Base', qw(Some::Role1 Some::Role2));
581 Creates a new class based on base, with the roles composed into it in order.
582 New class is returned.
586 Role::Tiny->is_role('Some::Role1')
588 Returns true if the given package is a role.
592 L<Role::Tiny> is the attribute-less subset of L<Moo::Role>; L<Moo::Role> is
593 a meta-protocol-less subset of the king of role systems, L<Moose::Role>.
595 If you don't want method modifiers and do want to be forcibly restricted
596 to a single role application per class, Ovid's L<Role::Basic> exists. But
597 Stevan Little (the L<Moose> author) and I don't find the additional
598 restrictions to be amazingly helpful in most cases; L<Role::Basic>'s choices
599 are more a guide to what you should prefer doing, to our mind, rather than
600 something that needs to be enforced.
604 mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
608 dg - David Leadbeater (cpan:DGL) <dgl@dgl.cx>
610 frew - Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt (cpan:FREW) <frioux@gmail.com>
612 hobbs - Andrew Rodland (cpan:ARODLAND) <arodland@cpan.org>
614 jnap - John Napiorkowski (cpan:JJNAPIORK) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
616 ribasushi - Peter Rabbitson (cpan:RIBASUSHI) <ribasushi@cpan.org>
618 chip - Chip Salzenberg (cpan:CHIPS) <chip@pobox.com>
620 ajgb - Alex J. G. Burzyński (cpan:AJGB) <ajgb@cpan.org>
622 doy - Jesse Luehrs (cpan:DOY) <doy at tozt dot net>
624 perigrin - Chris Prather (cpan:PERIGRIN) <chris@prather.org>
626 Mithaldu - Christian Walde (cpan:MITHALDU) <walde.christian@googlemail.com>
628 ilmari - Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker (cpan:ILMARI) <ilmari@ilmari.org>
630 tobyink - Toby Inkster (cpan:TOBYINK) <tobyink@cpan.org>
634 Copyright (c) 2010-2012 the Role::Tiny L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
639 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms