4 use Mouse::Exporter; # enables strict and warnings
6 our $VERSION = '0.40_09';
9 use Scalar::Util qw(blessed);
11 use Mouse::Util qw(load_class is_class_loaded get_code_package not_supported);
13 use Mouse::Meta::Module;
14 use Mouse::Meta::Class;
15 use Mouse::Meta::Role;
16 use Mouse::Meta::Attribute;
18 use Mouse::Util::TypeConstraints ();
20 Mouse::Exporter->setup_import_methods(
28 \&Scalar::Util::blessed,
35 Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(scalar caller)->superclasses(@_);
40 Mouse::Util::apply_all_roles(scalar(caller), @_);
45 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(scalar caller);
48 $meta->throw_error(q{Usage: has 'name' => ( key => value, ... )})
49 if @_ % 2; # odd number of arguments
51 if(ref $name){ # has [qw(foo bar)] => (...)
53 $meta->add_attribute($_ => @_);
56 else{ # has foo => (...)
57 $meta->add_attribute($name => @_);
63 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(scalar caller);
68 $meta->add_before_method_modifier($_ => $code);
74 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(scalar caller);
79 $meta->add_after_method_modifier($_ => $code);
85 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(scalar caller);
90 $meta->add_around_method_modifier($_ => $code);
100 # This check avoids a recursion loop - see
101 # t/100_bugs/020_super_recursion.t
102 return if defined $SUPER_PACKAGE && $SUPER_PACKAGE ne caller();
103 return if !defined $SUPER_BODY;
104 $SUPER_BODY->(@SUPER_ARGS);
108 # my($name, $method) = @_;
109 Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(scalar caller)->add_override_method_modifier(@_);
117 if ( my $body = $INNER_BODY{$pkg} ) {
118 my $args = $INNER_ARGS{$pkg};
119 local $INNER_ARGS{$pkg};
120 local $INNER_BODY{$pkg};
121 return $body->(@{$args});
129 #my($name, $method) = @_;
130 Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(scalar caller)->add_augment_method_modifier(@_);
138 my $class = $args{for_class}
139 or confess("Cannot call init_meta without specifying a for_class");
141 my $base_class = $args{base_class} || 'Mouse::Object';
142 my $metaclass = $args{metaclass} || 'Mouse::Meta::Class';
144 my $meta = $metaclass->initialize($class);
146 $meta->add_method(meta => sub{
147 return $metaclass->initialize(ref($_[0]) || $_[0]);
150 $meta->superclasses($base_class)
151 unless $meta->superclasses;
153 # make a class type for each Mouse class
154 Mouse::Util::TypeConstraints::class_type($class)
155 unless Mouse::Util::TypeConstraints::find_type_constraint($class);
166 Mouse - Moose minus the antlers
170 This document describes Mouse version 0.40_09
175 use Mouse; # automatically turns on strict and warnings
177 has 'x' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
178 has 'y' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
191 has 'z' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
193 after 'clear' => sub {
200 L<Moose> is wonderful. B<Use Moose instead of Mouse.>
202 Unfortunately, Moose has a compile-time penalty. Though significant progress
203 has been made over the years, the compile time penalty is a non-starter for
204 some very specific applications. If you are writing a command-line application
205 or CGI script where startup time is essential, you may not be able to use
206 Moose. We recommend that you instead use L<HTTP::Engine> and FastCGI for the
209 Mouse aims to alleviate this by providing a subset of Moose's functionality,
212 We're also going as light on dependencies as possible. Mouse currently has
213 B<no dependencies> except for testing modules.
215 =head2 MOOSE COMPATIBILITY
217 Compatibility with Moose has been the utmost concern. Fewer than 1% of the
218 tests fail when run against Moose instead of Mouse. Mouse code coverage is also
219 over 96%. Even the error messages are taken from Moose. The Mouse code just
220 runs the test suite 4x faster.
222 The idea is that, if you need the extra power, you should be able to run
223 C<s/Mouse/Moose/g> on your codebase and have nothing break. To that end,
224 we have written L<Any::Moose> which will act as Mouse unless Moose is loaded,
225 in which case it will act as Moose. Since Mouse is a little sloppier than
226 Moose, if you run into weird errors, it would be worth running:
228 ANY_MOOSE=Moose perl your-script.pl
230 to see if the bug is caused by Mouse. Moose's diagnostics and validation are
233 See also L<Mouse::Spec> for compatibility and incompatibility with Moose.
237 Please don't copy MooseX code to MouseX. If you need extensions, you really
238 should upgrade to Moose. We don't need two parallel sets of extensions!
240 If you really must write a Mouse extension, please contact the Moose mailing
241 list or #moose on IRC beforehand.
245 =head2 C<< $object->meta -> Mouse::Meta::Class >>
247 Returns this class' metaclass instance.
249 =head2 C<< extends superclasses >>
251 Sets this class' superclasses.
253 =head2 C<< before (method|methods) => CodeRef >>
255 Installs a "before" method modifier. See L<Moose/before>.
257 =head2 C<< after (method|methods) => CodeRef >>
259 Installs an "after" method modifier. See L<Moose/after>.
260 =head2 C<< around (method|methods) => CodeRef >>
262 Installs an "around" method modifier. See L<Moose/around>.
263 =head2 C<< has (name|names) => parameters >>
265 Adds an attribute (or if passed an arrayref of names, multiple attributes) to
270 =item C<< is => ro|rw|bare >>
272 If specified, inlines a read-only/read-write accessor with the same name as
275 =item C<< isa => TypeConstraint >>
277 Provides type checking in the constructor and accessor. The following types are
278 supported. Any unknown type is taken to be a class check
279 (e.g. C<< isa => 'DateTime' >> would accept only L<DateTime> objects).
281 Any Item Bool Undef Defined Value Num Int Str ClassName
282 Ref ScalarRef ArrayRef HashRef CodeRef RegexpRef GlobRef
285 For more documentation on type constraints, see L<Mouse::Util::TypeConstraints>.
288 =item C<< required => Bool >>
290 Whether this attribute is required to have a value. If the attribute is lazy or
291 has a builder, then providing a value for the attribute in the constructor is
294 =item C<< init_arg => Str | Undef >>
296 Allows you to use a different key name in the constructor. If undef, the
297 attribute can't be passed to the constructor.
299 =item C<< default => Value | CodeRef >>
301 Sets the default value of the attribute. If the default is a coderef, it will
302 be invoked to get the default value. Due to quirks of Perl, any bare reference
303 is forbidden, you must wrap the reference in a coderef. Otherwise, all
304 instances will share the same reference.
306 =item C<< lazy => Bool >>
308 If specified, the default is calculated on demand instead of in the
311 =item C<< predicate => Str >>
313 Lets you specify a method name for installing a predicate method, which checks
314 that the attribute has a value. It will not invoke a lazy default or builder
317 =item C<< clearer => Str >>
319 Lets you specify a method name for installing a clearer method, which clears
320 the attribute's value from the instance. On the next read, lazy or builder will
323 =item C<< handles => HashRef|ArrayRef >>
325 Lets you specify methods to delegate to the attribute. ArrayRef forwards the
326 given method names to method calls on the attribute. HashRef maps local method
327 names to remote method names called on the attribute. Other forms of
328 L</handles>, such as regular expression and coderef, are not yet supported.
330 =item C<< weak_ref => Bool >>
332 Lets you automatically weaken any reference stored in the attribute.
334 Use of this feature requires L<Scalar::Util>!
336 =item C<< trigger => CodeRef >>
338 Any time the attribute's value is set (either through the accessor or the constructor), the trigger is called on it. The trigger receives as arguments the instance, the new value, and the attribute instance.
340 =item C<< builder => Str >>
342 Defines a method name to be called to provide the default value of the
343 attribute. C<< builder => 'build_foo' >> is mostly equivalent to
344 C<< default => sub { $_[0]->build_foo } >>.
346 =item C<< auto_deref => Bool >>
348 Allows you to automatically dereference ArrayRef and HashRef attributes in list
349 context. In scalar context, the reference is returned (NOT the list length or
350 bucket status). You must specify an appropriate type constraint to use
353 =item C<< lazy_build => Bool >>
355 Automatically define the following options:
360 builder => "_build_$attr",
361 clearer => "clear_$attr",
362 predicate => "has_$attr",
367 =head2 C<< confess(message) -> BOOM >>
369 L<Carp/confess> for your convenience.
371 =head2 C<< blessed(value) -> ClassName | undef >>
373 L<Scalar::Util/blessed> for your convenience.
379 Importing Mouse will default your class' superclass list to L<Mouse::Object>.
380 You may use L</extends> to replace the superclass list.
384 Please unimport Mouse (C<no Mouse>) so that if someone calls one of the
385 keywords (such as L</extends>) it will break loudly instead breaking subtly.
387 =head1 SOURCE CODE ACCESS
389 We have a public git repository:
391 git clone git://git.moose.perl.org/Mouse.git
411 Shawn M Moore E<lt>sartak at gmail.comE<gt>
413 Yuval Kogman E<lt>nothingmuch at woobling.orgE<gt>
421 Goro Fuji (gfx) E<lt>gfuji at cpan.orgE<gt>
423 with plenty of code borrowed from L<Class::MOP> and L<Moose>
427 All complex software has bugs lurking in it, and this module is no exception.
428 Please report any bugs to C<bug-mouse at rt.cpan.org>, or through the web
429 interface at L<http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Mouse>
431 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
433 Copyright 2008-2009 Infinity Interactive, Inc.
435 http://www.iinteractive.com/
437 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
438 under the same terms as Perl itself.