10 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
13 use Mouse::Meta::Attribute;
14 use Mouse::Meta::Class;
16 use Mouse::Util::TypeConstraints;
18 our @EXPORT = qw(extends has before after around override super blessed confess with);
20 sub extends { Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller)->superclasses(@_) }
23 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
24 $meta->add_attribute(@_);
28 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
33 $meta->add_before_method_modifier($_ => $code);
38 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
43 $meta->add_after_method_modifier($_ => $code);
48 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
53 $meta->add_around_method_modifier($_ => $code);
58 Mouse::Util::apply_all_roles((caller)[0], @_);
66 # This check avoids a recursion loop - see
67 # t/100_bugs/020_super_recursion.t
68 return if defined $SUPER_PACKAGE && $SUPER_PACKAGE ne caller();
69 return unless $SUPER_BODY; $SUPER_BODY->(@SUPER_ARGS);
73 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
74 my $pkg = $meta->name;
79 my $body = $pkg->can($name)
80 or confess "You cannot override '$name' because it has no super method";
82 $meta->add_method($name => sub {
83 local $SUPER_PACKAGE = $pkg;
84 local @SUPER_ARGS = @_;
85 local $SUPER_BODY = $body;
92 # This used to be called as a function. This hack preserves
93 # backwards compatibility.
94 if ( $_[0] ne __PACKAGE__ ) {
95 return __PACKAGE__->init_meta(
105 my $class = $args{for_class}
107 "Cannot call init_meta without specifying a for_class");
108 my $base_class = $args{base_class} || 'Mouse::Object';
109 my $metaclass = $args{metaclass} || 'Mouse::Meta::Class';
111 Carp::croak("The Metaclass $metaclass must be a subclass of Mouse::Meta::Class.")
112 unless $metaclass->isa('Mouse::Meta::Class');
114 # make a subtype for each Mouse class
116 unless find_type_constraint($class);
118 my $meta = $metaclass->initialize($class);
119 $meta->superclasses($base_class)
120 unless $meta->superclasses;
124 no warnings 'redefine';
125 *{$class.'::meta'} = sub { $meta };
138 if (ref($_[0]) && ref($_[0]) eq 'HASH') {
144 my $level = delete $opts->{into_level};
145 $level = 0 unless defined $level;
146 my $caller = caller($level);
148 # we should never export to main
149 if ($caller eq 'main') {
150 warn qq{$class does not export its sugar to the 'main' package.\n};
155 for_class => $caller,
159 __PACKAGE__->export_to_level( $level+1, $class, @_);
161 # shortcut for the common case of no type character
163 for my $keyword (@EXPORT) {
164 *{ $caller . '::' . $keyword } = *{__PACKAGE__ . '::' . $keyword};
173 for my $keyword (@EXPORT) {
174 delete ${ $caller . '::' }{$keyword};
181 if (ref($class) || !defined($class) || !length($class)) {
182 my $display = defined($class) ? $class : 'undef';
183 confess "Invalid class name ($display)";
186 return 1 if $class eq 'Mouse::Object';
187 return 1 if is_class_loaded($class);
189 (my $file = "$class.pm") =~ s{::}{/}g;
191 eval { CORE::require($file) };
192 confess "Could not load class ($class) because : $@" if $@;
197 sub is_class_loaded {
200 return 0 if ref($class) || !defined($class) || !length($class);
202 # walk the symbol table tree to avoid autovififying
203 # \*{${main::}{"Foo::"}} == \*main::Foo::
206 foreach my $part (split('::', $class)) {
207 return 0 unless exists ${$$pack}{"${part}::"};
208 $pack = \*{${$$pack}{"${part}::"}};
211 # check for $VERSION or @ISA
212 return 1 if exists ${$$pack}{VERSION}
213 && defined *{${$$pack}{VERSION}}{SCALAR};
214 return 1 if exists ${$$pack}{ISA}
215 && defined *{${$$pack}{ISA}}{ARRAY};
217 # check for any method
218 foreach ( keys %{$$pack} ) {
219 next if substr($_, -2, 2) eq '::';
220 return 1 if defined *{${$$pack}{$_}}{CODE};
228 return unless defined $_[0];
229 my $class = blessed($_[0]) || $_[0];
230 return Mouse::Meta::Class::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
239 Mouse - Moose minus the antlers
244 use Mouse; # automatically turns on strict and warnings
246 has 'x' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
247 has 'y' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
260 has 'z' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
262 after 'clear' => sub {
269 L<Moose> is wonderful. B<Use Moose instead of Mouse.>
271 Unfortunately, Moose has a compile-time penalty. Though significant progress
272 has been made over the years, the compile time penalty is a non-starter for
273 some very specific applications. If you are writing a command-line application
274 or CGI script where startup time is essential, you may not be able to use
275 Moose. We recommend that you instead use L<HTTP::Engine> and FastCGI for the
278 Mouse aims to alleviate this by providing a subset of Moose's functionality,
281 We're also going as light on dependencies as possible.
282 L<Class::Method::Modifiers::Fast> or L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is required
283 if you want support for L</before>, L</after>, and L</around>.
287 Compatibility with Moose has been the utmost concern. Fewer than 1% of the
288 tests fail when run against Moose instead of Mouse. Mouse code coverage is also
289 over 96%. Even the error messages are taken from Moose. The Mouse code just
290 runs the test suite 4x faster.
292 The idea is that, if you need the extra power, you should be able to run
293 C<s/Mouse/Moose/g> on your codebase and have nothing break. To that end,
294 we have written L<Any::Moose> which will act as Mouse unless Moose is loaded,
295 in which case it will act as Moose. Since Mouse is a little sloppier than
296 Moose, if you run into weird errors, it would be worth running:
298 ANY_MOOSE=Moose perl your-script.pl
300 to see if the bug is caused by Mouse. Moose's diagnostics and validation are
305 Please don't copy MooseX code to MouseX. If you need extensions, you really
306 should upgrade to Moose. We don't need two parallel sets of extensions!
308 If you really must write a Mouse extension, please contact the Moose mailing
309 list or #moose on IRC beforehand.
313 =head2 meta -> Mouse::Meta::Class
315 Returns this class' metaclass instance.
317 =head2 extends superclasses
319 Sets this class' superclasses.
321 =head2 before (method|methods) => Code
323 Installs a "before" method modifier. See L<Moose/before> or
324 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/before>.
326 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
328 =head2 after (method|methods) => Code
330 Installs an "after" method modifier. See L<Moose/after> or
331 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/after>.
333 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
335 =head2 around (method|methods) => Code
337 Installs an "around" method modifier. See L<Moose/around> or
338 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/around>.
340 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
342 =head2 has (name|names) => parameters
344 Adds an attribute (or if passed an arrayref of names, multiple attributes) to
351 If specified, inlines a read-only/read-write accessor with the same name as
354 =item isa => TypeConstraint
356 Provides type checking in the constructor and accessor. The following types are
357 supported. Any unknown type is taken to be a class check (e.g. isa =>
358 'DateTime' would accept only L<DateTime> objects).
360 Any Item Bool Undef Defined Value Num Int Str ClassName
361 Ref ScalarRef ArrayRef HashRef CodeRef RegexpRef GlobRef
364 For more documentation on type constraints, see L<Mouse::Util::TypeConstraints>.
367 =item required => 0|1
369 Whether this attribute is required to have a value. If the attribute is lazy or
370 has a builder, then providing a value for the attribute in the constructor is
373 =item init_arg => Str | Undef
375 Allows you to use a different key name in the constructor. If undef, the
376 attribue can't be passed to the constructor.
378 =item default => Value | CodeRef
380 Sets the default value of the attribute. If the default is a coderef, it will
381 be invoked to get the default value. Due to quirks of Perl, any bare reference
382 is forbidden, you must wrap the reference in a coderef. Otherwise, all
383 instances will share the same reference.
387 If specified, the default is calculated on demand instead of in the
390 =item predicate => Str
392 Lets you specify a method name for installing a predicate method, which checks
393 that the attribute has a value. It will not invoke a lazy default or builder
398 Lets you specify a method name for installing a clearer method, which clears
399 the attribute's value from the instance. On the next read, lazy or builder will
402 =item handles => HashRef|ArrayRef
404 Lets you specify methods to delegate to the attribute. ArrayRef forwards the
405 given method names to method calls on the attribute. HashRef maps local method
406 names to remote method names called on the attribute. Other forms of
407 L</handles>, such as regular expression and coderef, are not yet supported.
409 =item weak_ref => 0|1
411 Lets you automatically weaken any reference stored in the attribute.
413 Use of this feature requires L<Scalar::Util>!
415 =item trigger => CodeRef
417 Any time the attribute's value is set (either through the accessor or the constructor), the trigger is called on it. The trigger receives as arguments the instance, the new value, and the attribute instance.
419 Mouse 0.05 supported more complex triggers, but this behavior is now removed.
423 Defines a method name to be called to provide the default value of the
424 attribute. C<< builder => 'build_foo' >> is mostly equivalent to
425 C<< default => sub { $_[0]->build_foo } >>.
427 =item auto_deref => 0|1
429 Allows you to automatically dereference ArrayRef and HashRef attributes in list
430 context. In scalar context, the reference is returned (NOT the list length or
431 bucket status). You must specify an appropriate type constraint to use
434 =item lazy_build => 0|1
436 Automatically define lazy => 1 as well as builder => "_build_$attr", clearer =>
437 "clear_$attr', predicate => 'has_$attr' unless they are already defined.
441 =head2 confess error -> BOOM
443 L<Carp/confess> for your convenience.
445 =head2 blessed value -> ClassName | undef
447 L<Scalar::Util/blessed> for your convenience.
453 Importing Mouse will default your class' superclass list to L<Mouse::Object>.
454 You may use L</extends> to replace the superclass list.
458 Please unimport Mouse (C<no Mouse>) so that if someone calls one of the
459 keywords (such as L</extends>) it will break loudly instead breaking subtly.
463 =head2 load_class Class::Name
465 This will load a given C<Class::Name> (or die if it's not loadable).
466 This function can be used in place of tricks like
467 C<eval "use $module"> or using C<require>.
469 =head2 is_class_loaded Class::Name -> Bool
471 Returns whether this class is actually loaded or not. It uses a heuristic which
472 involves checking for the existence of C<$VERSION>, C<@ISA>, and any
473 locally-defined method.
475 =head1 SOURCE CODE ACCESS
477 We have a public git repo:
479 git clone git://jules.scsys.co.uk/gitmo/Mouse.git
483 Shawn M Moore, C<< <sartak at gmail.com> >>
485 Yuval Kogman, C<< <nothingmuch at woobling.org> >>
493 with plenty of code borrowed from L<Class::MOP> and L<Moose>
497 There is a known issue with Mouse on 5.6.2 regarding the @ISA tests. Until
498 this is resolve the minimum version of Perl for Mouse is set to 5.8.0. Patches
499 to resolve these tests are more than welcome.
501 Please report any bugs through RT: email
502 C<bug-mouse at rt.cpan.org>, or browse
503 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Mouse>.
505 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
507 Copyright 2008 Shawn M Moore.
509 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
510 under the same terms as Perl itself.