10 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
13 use Mouse::Meta::Attribute;
14 use Mouse::Meta::Class;
16 use Mouse::Util::TypeConstraints;
18 our @EXPORT = qw(extends has before after around override super blessed confess with);
20 our %is_removable = map{ $_ => undef } @EXPORT;
21 delete $is_removable{blessed};
22 delete $is_removable{confess};
24 sub extends { Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller)->superclasses(@_) }
27 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
28 $meta->add_attribute(@_);
32 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
37 $meta->add_before_method_modifier($_ => $code);
42 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
47 $meta->add_after_method_modifier($_ => $code);
52 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
57 $meta->add_around_method_modifier($_ => $code);
62 Mouse::Util::apply_all_roles((caller)[0], @_);
70 # This check avoids a recursion loop - see
71 # t/100_bugs/020_super_recursion.t
72 return if defined $SUPER_PACKAGE && $SUPER_PACKAGE ne caller();
73 return unless $SUPER_BODY; $SUPER_BODY->(@SUPER_ARGS);
77 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
78 my $pkg = $meta->name;
83 my $body = $pkg->can($name)
84 or confess "You cannot override '$name' because it has no super method";
86 $meta->add_method($name => sub {
87 local $SUPER_PACKAGE = $pkg;
88 local @SUPER_ARGS = @_;
89 local $SUPER_BODY = $body;
96 # This used to be called as a function. This hack preserves
97 # backwards compatibility.
98 if ( $_[0] ne __PACKAGE__ ) {
99 return __PACKAGE__->init_meta(
109 my $class = $args{for_class}
111 "Cannot call init_meta without specifying a for_class");
112 my $base_class = $args{base_class} || 'Mouse::Object';
113 my $metaclass = $args{metaclass} || 'Mouse::Meta::Class';
115 Carp::croak("The Metaclass $metaclass must be a subclass of Mouse::Meta::Class.")
116 unless $metaclass->isa('Mouse::Meta::Class');
118 # make a subtype for each Mouse class
120 unless find_type_constraint($class);
122 my $meta = $metaclass->initialize($class);
123 $meta->superclasses($base_class)
124 unless $meta->superclasses;
126 $meta->add_method(meta => sub{
127 return Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(ref($_[0]) || $_[0]);
141 if (ref($_[0]) && ref($_[0]) eq 'HASH') {
147 my $level = delete $opts->{into_level};
148 $level = 0 unless defined $level;
149 my $caller = caller($level);
151 # we should never export to main
152 if ($caller eq 'main') {
153 warn qq{$class does not export its sugar to the 'main' package.\n};
158 for_class => $caller,
162 __PACKAGE__->export_to_level( $level+1, $class, @_);
164 # shortcut for the common case of no type character
166 for my $keyword (@EXPORT) {
167 *{ $caller . '::' . $keyword } = *{__PACKAGE__ . '::' . $keyword};
180 for my $keyword (@EXPORT) {
182 if(exists $is_removable{$keyword}
183 && ($code = $caller->can($keyword))
184 && (Mouse::Util::get_code_info($code))[0] eq __PACKAGE__){
186 delete $stash->{$keyword};
194 if (ref($class) || !defined($class) || !length($class)) {
195 my $display = defined($class) ? $class : 'undef';
196 confess "Invalid class name ($display)";
199 return 1 if $class eq 'Mouse::Object';
200 return 1 if is_class_loaded($class);
202 (my $file = "$class.pm") =~ s{::}{/}g;
204 eval { CORE::require($file) };
205 confess "Could not load class ($class) because : $@" if $@;
210 sub is_class_loaded {
213 return 0 if ref($class) || !defined($class) || !length($class);
215 # walk the symbol table tree to avoid autovififying
216 # \*{${main::}{"Foo::"}} == \*main::Foo::
219 foreach my $part (split('::', $class)) {
220 return 0 unless exists ${$$pack}{"${part}::"};
221 $pack = \*{${$$pack}{"${part}::"}};
224 # check for $VERSION or @ISA
225 return 1 if exists ${$$pack}{VERSION}
226 && defined *{${$$pack}{VERSION}}{SCALAR};
227 return 1 if exists ${$$pack}{ISA}
228 && defined *{${$$pack}{ISA}}{ARRAY};
230 # check for any method
231 foreach ( keys %{$$pack} ) {
232 next if substr($_, -2, 2) eq '::';
233 return 1 if defined *{${$$pack}{$_}}{CODE};
241 return Mouse::Meta::Class::class_of($_[0]);
250 Mouse - Moose minus the antlers
255 use Mouse; # automatically turns on strict and warnings
257 has 'x' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
258 has 'y' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
271 has 'z' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
273 after 'clear' => sub {
280 L<Moose> is wonderful. B<Use Moose instead of Mouse.>
282 Unfortunately, Moose has a compile-time penalty. Though significant progress
283 has been made over the years, the compile time penalty is a non-starter for
284 some very specific applications. If you are writing a command-line application
285 or CGI script where startup time is essential, you may not be able to use
286 Moose. We recommend that you instead use L<HTTP::Engine> and FastCGI for the
289 Mouse aims to alleviate this by providing a subset of Moose's functionality,
292 We're also going as light on dependencies as possible.
293 L<Class::Method::Modifiers::Fast> or L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is required
294 if you want support for L</before>, L</after>, and L</around>.
298 Compatibility with Moose has been the utmost concern. Fewer than 1% of the
299 tests fail when run against Moose instead of Mouse. Mouse code coverage is also
300 over 96%. Even the error messages are taken from Moose. The Mouse code just
301 runs the test suite 4x faster.
303 The idea is that, if you need the extra power, you should be able to run
304 C<s/Mouse/Moose/g> on your codebase and have nothing break. To that end,
305 we have written L<Any::Moose> which will act as Mouse unless Moose is loaded,
306 in which case it will act as Moose. Since Mouse is a little sloppier than
307 Moose, if you run into weird errors, it would be worth running:
309 ANY_MOOSE=Moose perl your-script.pl
311 to see if the bug is caused by Mouse. Moose's diagnostics and validation are
316 Please don't copy MooseX code to MouseX. If you need extensions, you really
317 should upgrade to Moose. We don't need two parallel sets of extensions!
319 If you really must write a Mouse extension, please contact the Moose mailing
320 list or #moose on IRC beforehand.
324 The original author of this module has mostly stepped down from maintaining
325 Mouse. See L<http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.moose/2009/04/msg653.html>.
326 If you would like to help maintain this module, please get in touch with us.
330 =head2 meta -> Mouse::Meta::Class
332 Returns this class' metaclass instance.
334 =head2 extends superclasses
336 Sets this class' superclasses.
338 =head2 before (method|methods) => Code
340 Installs a "before" method modifier. See L<Moose/before> or
341 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/before>.
343 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
345 =head2 after (method|methods) => Code
347 Installs an "after" method modifier. See L<Moose/after> or
348 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/after>.
350 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
352 =head2 around (method|methods) => Code
354 Installs an "around" method modifier. See L<Moose/around> or
355 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/around>.
357 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
359 =head2 has (name|names) => parameters
361 Adds an attribute (or if passed an arrayref of names, multiple attributes) to
368 If specified, inlines a read-only/read-write accessor with the same name as
371 =item isa => TypeConstraint
373 Provides type checking in the constructor and accessor. The following types are
374 supported. Any unknown type is taken to be a class check (e.g. isa =>
375 'DateTime' would accept only L<DateTime> objects).
377 Any Item Bool Undef Defined Value Num Int Str ClassName
378 Ref ScalarRef ArrayRef HashRef CodeRef RegexpRef GlobRef
381 For more documentation on type constraints, see L<Mouse::Util::TypeConstraints>.
384 =item required => 0|1
386 Whether this attribute is required to have a value. If the attribute is lazy or
387 has a builder, then providing a value for the attribute in the constructor is
390 =item init_arg => Str | Undef
392 Allows you to use a different key name in the constructor. If undef, the
393 attribue can't be passed to the constructor.
395 =item default => Value | CodeRef
397 Sets the default value of the attribute. If the default is a coderef, it will
398 be invoked to get the default value. Due to quirks of Perl, any bare reference
399 is forbidden, you must wrap the reference in a coderef. Otherwise, all
400 instances will share the same reference.
404 If specified, the default is calculated on demand instead of in the
407 =item predicate => Str
409 Lets you specify a method name for installing a predicate method, which checks
410 that the attribute has a value. It will not invoke a lazy default or builder
415 Lets you specify a method name for installing a clearer method, which clears
416 the attribute's value from the instance. On the next read, lazy or builder will
419 =item handles => HashRef|ArrayRef
421 Lets you specify methods to delegate to the attribute. ArrayRef forwards the
422 given method names to method calls on the attribute. HashRef maps local method
423 names to remote method names called on the attribute. Other forms of
424 L</handles>, such as regular expression and coderef, are not yet supported.
426 =item weak_ref => 0|1
428 Lets you automatically weaken any reference stored in the attribute.
430 Use of this feature requires L<Scalar::Util>!
432 =item trigger => CodeRef
434 Any time the attribute's value is set (either through the accessor or the constructor), the trigger is called on it. The trigger receives as arguments the instance, the new value, and the attribute instance.
436 Mouse 0.05 supported more complex triggers, but this behavior is now removed.
440 Defines a method name to be called to provide the default value of the
441 attribute. C<< builder => 'build_foo' >> is mostly equivalent to
442 C<< default => sub { $_[0]->build_foo } >>.
444 =item auto_deref => 0|1
446 Allows you to automatically dereference ArrayRef and HashRef attributes in list
447 context. In scalar context, the reference is returned (NOT the list length or
448 bucket status). You must specify an appropriate type constraint to use
451 =item lazy_build => 0|1
453 Automatically define lazy => 1 as well as builder => "_build_$attr", clearer =>
454 "clear_$attr', predicate => 'has_$attr' unless they are already defined.
458 =head2 confess error -> BOOM
460 L<Carp/confess> for your convenience.
462 =head2 blessed value -> ClassName | undef
464 L<Scalar::Util/blessed> for your convenience.
470 Importing Mouse will default your class' superclass list to L<Mouse::Object>.
471 You may use L</extends> to replace the superclass list.
475 Please unimport Mouse (C<no Mouse>) so that if someone calls one of the
476 keywords (such as L</extends>) it will break loudly instead breaking subtly.
480 =head2 load_class Class::Name
482 This will load a given C<Class::Name> (or die if it's not loadable).
483 This function can be used in place of tricks like
484 C<eval "use $module"> or using C<require>.
486 =head2 is_class_loaded Class::Name -> Bool
488 Returns whether this class is actually loaded or not. It uses a heuristic which
489 involves checking for the existence of C<$VERSION>, C<@ISA>, and any
490 locally-defined method.
492 =head1 SOURCE CODE ACCESS
494 We have a public git repo:
496 git clone git://jules.scsys.co.uk/gitmo/Mouse.git
500 Shawn M Moore, C<< <sartak at gmail.com> >>
502 Yuval Kogman, C<< <nothingmuch at woobling.org> >>
510 with plenty of code borrowed from L<Class::MOP> and L<Moose>
514 There is a known issue with Mouse on 5.6.2 regarding the @ISA tests. Until
515 this is resolve the minimum version of Perl for Mouse is set to 5.8.0. Patches
516 to resolve these tests are more than welcome.
518 Please report any bugs through RT: email
519 C<bug-mouse at rt.cpan.org>, or browse
520 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Mouse>.
522 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
524 Copyright 2008-2009 Infinity Interactive, Inc.
526 http://www.iinteractive.com/
528 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
529 under the same terms as Perl itself.