7 our $VERSION = '0.009010'; # 0.9.10
8 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
16 return if $MAKERS{$target}; # already exported into this package
17 *{_getglob("${target}::extends")} = sub {
18 _load_module($_) for @_;
19 # Can't do *{...} = \@_ or 5.10.0's mro.pm stops seeing @ISA
20 @{*{_getglob("${target}::ISA")}{ARRAY}} = @_;
22 *{_getglob("${target}::with")} = sub {
24 die "Only one role supported at a time by with" if @_ > 1;
25 Moo::Role->apply_role_to_package($target, $_[0]);
27 $MAKERS{$target} = {};
28 *{_getglob("${target}::has")} = sub {
29 my ($name, %spec) = @_;
30 ($MAKERS{$target}{accessor} ||= do {
31 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
32 Method::Generate::Accessor->new
33 })->generate_method($target, $name, \%spec);
34 $class->_constructor_maker_for($target)
35 ->register_attribute_specs($name, \%spec);
37 foreach my $type (qw(before after around)) {
38 *{_getglob "${target}::${type}"} = sub {
39 require Class::Method::Modifiers;
40 _install_modifier($target, $type, @_);
45 @{"${target}::ISA"} = do {
46 require Moo::Object; ('Moo::Object');
47 } unless @{"${target}::ISA"};
51 sub _constructor_maker_for {
52 my ($class, $target, $select_super) = @_;
53 return unless $MAKERS{$target};
54 $MAKERS{$target}{constructor} ||= do {
55 require Method::Generate::Constructor;
57 my ($moo_constructor, $con);
59 if ($select_super && $MAKERS{$select_super}) {
61 $con = $MAKERS{$select_super}{constructor};
63 my $t_new = $target->can('new');
65 if ($t_new == Moo::Object->can('new')) {
67 } elsif (my $defer_target = (Sub::Defer::defer_info($t_new)||[])->[0]) {
68 my ($pkg) = ($defer_target =~ /^(.*)::[^:]+$/);
71 $con = $MAKERS{$pkg}{constructor};
75 $moo_constructor = 1; # no other constructor, make a Moo one
78 Method::Generate::Constructor
81 accessor_generator => do {
82 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
83 Method::Generate::Accessor->new;
85 construction_string => (
87 ? ($con ? $con->construction_string : undef)
88 : ('$class->'.$target.'::SUPER::new(@_)')
90 subconstructor_generator => (
91 $class.'->_constructor_maker_for($class,'.perlstring($target).')'
95 ->register_attribute_specs(%{$con?$con->all_attribute_specs:{}})
106 Moo - Minimalist Object Orientation (with Moose compatiblity)
117 my $amount = shift || 1;
119 $self->pounds( $self->pounds - $amount );
129 die "Only SWEET-TREATZ supported!" unless $_[0] eq 'SWEET-TREATZ'
135 isa => quote_sub q{ die "$_[0] is too much cat food!" unless $_[0] < 15 },
142 my $full = Cat::Food->new(
143 taste => 'DELICIOUS.',
144 brand => 'SWEET-TREATZ',
154 This module is an extremely light-weight, high-performance L<Moose> replacement.
155 It also avoids depending on any XS modules to allow simple deployments. The
156 name C<Moo> is based on the idea that it provides almost -but not quite- two
159 Unlike C<Mouse> this module does not aim at full L<Moose> compatibility. See
160 L</INCOMPATIBILITIES> for more details.
162 =head1 WHY MOO EXISTS
164 If you want a full object system with a rich Metaprotocol, L<Moose> is
167 I've tried several times to use L<Mouse> but it's 3x the size of Moo and
168 takes longer to load than most of my Moo based CGI scripts take to run.
170 If you don't want L<Moose>, you don't want "less metaprotocol" like L<Mouse>,
171 you want "as little as possible" - which means "no metaprotocol", which is
174 By Moo 1.0 I intend to have Moo's equivalent of L<Any::Moose> built in -
175 if Moose gets loaded, any Moo class or role will act as a Moose equivalent
178 Hence - Moo exists as its name - Minimal Object Orientation - with a pledge
179 to make it smooth to upgrade to L<Moose> when you need more than minimal
182 =head1 IMPORTED METHODS
186 Foo::Bar->new( attr1 => 3 );
190 Foo::Bar->new({ attr1 => 3 });
194 around BUILDARGS => sub {
196 my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
198 unshift @args, "attr1" if @args % 2 == 1;
200 return $class->$orig(@args);
205 The default implementation of this method accepts a hash or hash reference of
206 named parameters. If it receives a single argument that isn't a hash reference
209 You can override this method in your class to handle other types of options
210 passed to the constructor.
212 This method should always return a hash reference of named options.
216 Don't override (or probably even call) this method. Instead, you can define
217 a C<BUILD> method on your class and the constructor will automatically call the
218 C<BUILD> method from parent down to child after the object has been
219 instantiated. Typically this is used for object validation or possibly logging.
223 A default destructor is provided, which calls
224 C<< $instance->DEMOLISH($in_global_destruction) >> for each C<DEMOLISH>
225 method in the inheritance hierarchy.
229 if ($foo->does('Some::Role1')) {
233 Returns true if the object composes in the passed role.
235 =head1 IMPORTED SUBROUTINES
239 extends 'Parent::Class';
241 Declares base class. Multiple superclasses can be passed for multiple
242 inheritance (but please use roles instead).
244 Calling extends more than once will REPLACE your superclasses, not add to
245 them like 'use base' would.
252 Composes a L<Role::Tiny> into current class. Only one role may be composed in
253 at a time to allow the code to remain as simple as possible.
261 Declares an attribute for the class.
263 The options for C<has> are as follows:
269 B<required>, must be C<ro> or C<rw>. Unsurprisingly, C<ro> generates an
270 accessor that will not respond to arguments; to be clear: a getter only. C<rw>
271 will create a perlish getter/setter.
275 Takes a coderef which is meant to validate the attribute. Unlike L<Moose> Moo
276 does not include a basic type system, so instead of doing C<< isa => 'Num' >>,
280 die "$_[0] is not a number!" unless looks_like_number $_[0]
283 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
287 Takes a coderef which is meant to coerce the attribute. The basic idea is to
288 do something like the following:
290 coerce => quote_sub q{
291 $_[0] + 1 unless $_[0] % 2
294 Coerce does not require C<isa> to be defined.
296 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
300 Takes a coderef which will get called any time the attribute is set. Coderef
301 will be invoked against the object with the new value as an argument.
303 Note that Moose also passes the old value, if any; this feature is not yet
306 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
310 Takes a coderef which will get called with $self as its only argument
311 to populate an attribute if no value is supplied to the constructor - or
312 if the attribute is lazy, when the attribute is first retrieved if no
313 value has yet been provided.
315 Note that if your default is fired during new() there is no guarantee that
316 other attributes have been populated yet so you should not rely on their
319 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
323 Takes a method name which will return true if an attribute has a value.
325 A common example of this would be to call it C<has_$foo>, implying that the
326 object has a C<$foo> set.
330 Takes a method name which will be called to create the attribute - functions
331 exactly like default except that instead of calling
341 Takes a method name which will clear the attribute.
345 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want values for the attribute to be grabbed
346 lazily. This is usually a good idea if you have a L</builder> which requires
347 another attribute to be set.
351 B<Boolean>. Set this if the attribute must be passed on instantiation.
355 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to get the value of
356 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
361 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to set the value of
362 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
367 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want the reference that the attribute contains to
368 be weakened; use this when circular references are possible, which will cause
373 Takes the name of the key to look for at instantiation time of the object. A
374 common use of this is to make an underscored attribute have a non-underscored
375 initialization name. C<undef> means that passing the value in on instantiation
381 before foo => sub { ... };
383 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/before method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
388 around foo => sub { ... };
390 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/around method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
395 after foo => sub { ... };
397 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/after method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
400 =head1 SUB QUOTE AWARE
402 L<Sub::Quote/quote_sub> allows us to create coderefs that are "inlineable,"
403 giving us a handy, XS-free speed boost. Any option that is L<Sub::Quote>
404 aware can take advantage of this.
406 =head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH MOOSE
408 You can only compose one role at a time. If your application is large or
409 complex enough to warrant complex composition, you wanted L<Moose>.
411 There is no complex type system. C<isa> is verified with a coderef, if you
412 need complex types, just make a library of coderefs, or better yet, functions
413 that return quoted subs.
415 C<initializer> is not supported in core since the author considers it to be a
416 bad idea but may be supported by an extension in future.
418 There is no meta object. If you need this level of complexity you wanted
419 L<Moose> - Moo succeeds at being small because it explicitly does not
420 provide a metaprotocol.
422 No support for C<super>, C<override>, C<inner>, or C<augment> - override can
423 be handled by around albeit with a little more typing, and the author considers
424 augment to be a bad idea.
426 L</default> only supports coderefs, because doing otherwise is usually a
429 C<lazy_build> is not supported per se, but of course it will work if you
430 manually set all the options it implies.
432 C<auto_deref> is not supported since the author considers it a bad idea.
434 C<documentation> is not supported since it's a very poor replacement for POD.
438 mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
442 dg - David Leadbeater (cpan:DGL) <dgl@dgl.cx>
444 frew - Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt (cpan:FREW) <frioux@gmail.com>
446 hobbs - Andrew Rodland (cpan:ARODLAND) <arodland@cpan.org>
448 jnap - John Napiorkowski (cpan:JJNAPIORK) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
450 ribasushi - Peter Rabbitson (cpan:RIBASUSHI) <ribasushi@cpan.org>
452 chip - Chip Salzenberg (cpan:CHIPS) <chip@pobox.com>
454 ajgb - Alex J. G. BurzyĆski (cpan:AJGB) <ajgb@cpan.org>
458 Copyright (c) 2010-2011 the Moo L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
463 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms