use List::Util ();
use Scalar::Util ();
+use Exporter 'import';
+our @EXPORT_OK = qw(is_plain_value is_literal_value);
+
+BEGIN {
+ if ($] < 5.009_005) {
+ require MRO::Compat;
+ }
+ else {
+ require mro;
+ }
+
+ *SQL::Abstract::_ENV_::DETECT_AUTOGENERATED_STRINGIFICATION = $ENV{SQLA_ISVALUE_IGNORE_AUTOGENERATED_STRINGIFICATION}
+ ? sub () { 0 }
+ : sub () { 1 }
+ ;
+}
+
#======================================================================
# GLOBALS
#======================================================================
-our $VERSION = '1.74';
+our $VERSION = '1.81';
# This would confuse some packagers
$VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/; # numify for warning-free dev releases
{regex => qr/^ (?: not \s )? in $/ix, handler => '_where_field_IN'},
{regex => qr/^ ident $/ix, handler => '_where_op_IDENT'},
{regex => qr/^ value $/ix, handler => '_where_op_VALUE'},
+ {regex => qr/^ is (?: \s+ not )? $/ix, handler => '_where_field_IS'},
);
# unaryish operators - key maps to handler
{ regex => qr/^ nest (?: [_\s]? \d+ )? $/xi, handler => '_where_op_NEST' },
{ regex => qr/^ (?: not \s )? bool $/xi, handler => '_where_op_BOOL' },
{ regex => qr/^ ident $/xi, handler => '_where_op_IDENT' },
- { regex => qr/^ value $/ix, handler => '_where_op_VALUE' },
+ { regex => qr/^ value $/xi, handler => '_where_op_VALUE' },
);
#======================================================================
Carp::croak "[$func] Fatal: ", @_;
}
+sub is_literal_value ($) {
+ ref $_[0] eq 'SCALAR' ? [ ${$_[0]} ]
+ : ( ref $_[0] eq 'REF' and ref ${$_[0]} eq 'ARRAY' ) ? [ @${ $_[0] } ]
+ : undef;
+}
+
+# FIXME XSify - this can be done so much more efficiently
+sub is_plain_value ($) {
+ no strict 'refs';
+ ! length ref $_[0] ? \($_[0])
+ : (
+ ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' and keys %{$_[0]} == 1
+ and
+ exists $_[0]->{-value}
+ ) ? \($_[0]->{-value})
+ : (
+ # reuse @_ for even moar speedz
+ defined ( $_[1] = Scalar::Util::blessed $_[0] )
+ and
+ # deliberately not using Devel::OverloadInfo - the checks we are
+ # intersted in are much more limited than the fullblown thing, and
+ # this is a very hot piece of code
+ (
+ # simply using ->can('(""') can leave behind stub methods that
+ # break actually using the overload later (see L<perldiag/Stub
+ # found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package
+ # "%s"> and the source of overload::mycan())
+ #
+ # either has stringification which DBI SHOULD prefer out of the box
+ grep { *{ (qq[${_}::(""]) }{CODE} } @{ $_[2] = mro::get_linear_isa( $_[1] ) }
+ or
+ # has nummification or boolification, AND fallback is *not* disabled
+ (
+ SQL::Abstract::_ENV_::DETECT_AUTOGENERATED_STRINGIFICATION
+ and
+ (
+ grep { *{"${_}::(0+"}{CODE} } @{$_[2]}
+ or
+ grep { *{"${_}::(bool"}{CODE} } @{$_[2]}
+ )
+ and
+ (
+ # no fallback specified at all
+ ! ( ($_[3]) = grep { *{"${_}::()"}{CODE} } @{$_[2]} )
+ or
+ # fallback explicitly undef
+ ! defined ${"$_[3]::()"}
+ or
+ # explicitly true
+ !! ${"$_[3]::()"}
+ )
+ )
+ )
+ ) ? \($_[0])
+ : undef;
+}
+
+
#======================================================================
# NEW
return wantarray ? ($sql, @bind) : $sql;
}
-sub _insert_returning {
+# Used by DBIx::Class::SQLMaker->insert
+sub _insert_returning { shift->_returning(@_) }
+
+sub _returning {
my ($self, $options) = @_;
my $f = $options->{returning};
sub update {
- my $self = shift;
- my $table = $self->_table(shift);
- my $data = shift || return;
- my $where = shift;
+ my $self = shift;
+ my $table = $self->_table(shift);
+ my $data = shift || return;
+ my $where = shift;
+ my $options = shift;
# first build the 'SET' part of the sql statement
my (@set, @all_bind);
push @all_bind, @where_bind;
}
+ if ($options->{returning}) {
+ my ($returning_sql, @returning_bind) = $self->_returning ($options);
+ $sql .= $returning_sql;
+ push @all_bind, @returning_bind;
+ }
+
return wantarray ? ($sql, @all_bind) : $sql;
}
my ($sql, @bind) = $self->$method($where, $logic);
- # DBIx::Class directly calls _recurse_where in scalar context, so
- # we must implement it, even if not in the official API
- return wantarray ? ($sql, @bind) : $sql;
+ # DBIx::Class used to call _recurse_where in scalar context
+ # something else might too...
+ if (wantarray) {
+ return ($sql, @bind);
+ }
+ else {
+ belch "Calling _recurse_where in scalar context is deprecated and will go away before 2.0";
+ return $sql;
+ }
}
my (@sql_clauses, @all_bind);
# need to use while() so can shift() for pairs
- while (my $el = shift @clauses) {
+ while (@clauses) {
+ my $el = shift @clauses;
+
+ $el = undef if (defined $el and ! length $el);
# switch according to kind of $el and get corresponding ($sql, @bind)
my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_SWITCH_refkind($el, {
SCALARREF => sub { ($$el); },
- SCALAR => sub {# top-level arrayref with scalars, recurse in pairs
- $self->_recurse_where({$el => shift(@clauses)})},
+ SCALAR => sub {
+ # top-level arrayref with scalars, recurse in pairs
+ $self->_recurse_where({$el => shift(@clauses)})
+ },
- UNDEF => sub {puke "not supported : UNDEF in arrayref" },
+ UNDEF => sub {puke "Supplying an empty left hand side argument is not supported in array-pairs" },
});
if ($sql) {
$s = "($s)" unless (
List::Util::first {$op =~ $_->{regex}} @{$self->{unary_ops}}
or
- defined($self->{_nested_func_lhs}) && ($self->{_nested_func_lhs} eq $k)
+ ( defined $self->{_nested_func_lhs} and $self->{_nested_func_lhs} eq $k )
);
($s, @b);
}
else {
+ if (! length $k) {
+ if (is_literal_value ($v) ) {
+ belch 'Hash-pairs consisting of an empty string with a literal are deprecated, and will be removed in 2.0: use -and => [ $literal ] instead';
+ }
+ else {
+ puke "Supplying an empty left hand side argument is not supported in hash-pairs";
+ }
+ }
+
my $method = $self->_METHOD_FOR_refkind("_where_hashpair", $v);
$self->$method($k, $v);
}
sub _where_unary_op {
my ($self, $op, $rhs) = @_;
+ # top level special ops are illegal in general
+ # this includes the -ident/-value ops (dual purpose unary and special)
+ puke "Illegal use of top-level '-$op'"
+ if ! defined $self->{_nested_func_lhs} and List::Util::first {$op =~ $_->{regex}} @{$self->{special_ops}};
+
if (my $op_entry = List::Util::first {$op =~ $_->{regex}} @{$self->{unary_ops}}) {
my $handler = $op_entry->{handler};
my ($sql, @bind) = $self->_SWITCH_refkind ($rhs, {
SCALAR => sub {
- puke "Illegal use of top-level '$op'"
- unless $self->{_nested_func_lhs};
+ puke "Illegal use of top-level '-$op'"
+ unless defined $self->{_nested_func_lhs};
return (
$self->_convert('?'),
sub _where_op_IDENT {
my $self = shift;
my ($op, $rhs) = splice @_, -2;
- if (ref $rhs) {
- puke "-$op takes a single scalar argument (a quotable identifier)";
+ if (! defined $rhs or length ref $rhs) {
+ puke "-$op requires a single plain scalar argument (a quotable identifier)";
}
# in case we are called as a top level special op (no '=')
# in case we are called as a top level special op (no '=')
my $lhs = shift;
+ # special-case NULL
+ if (! defined $rhs) {
+ return defined $lhs
+ ? $self->_convert($self->_quote($lhs)) . ' IS NULL'
+ : undef
+ ;
+ }
+
my @bind =
$self->_bindtype (
- ($lhs || $self->{_nested_func_lhs}),
+ ( defined $lhs ? $lhs : $self->{_nested_func_lhs} ),
$rhs,
)
;
my ($self, $k, $v, $logic) = @_;
$logic ||= 'and';
- local $self->{_nested_func_lhs} = $self->{_nested_func_lhs};
+ local $self->{_nested_func_lhs} = defined $self->{_nested_func_lhs}
+ ? $self->{_nested_func_lhs}
+ : $k
+ ;
my ($all_sql, @all_bind);
$self->_assert_pass_injection_guard($op);
+ # fixup is_not
+ $op =~ s/^is_not/IS NOT/i;
+
# so that -not_foo works correctly
$op =~ s/^not_/NOT /i;
+ # another retarded special case: foo => { $op => { -value => undef } }
+ if (ref $val eq 'HASH' and keys %$val == 1 and exists $val->{-value} and ! defined $val->{-value} ) {
+ $val = undef;
+ }
+
my ($sql, @bind);
# CASE: col-value logic modifiers
UNDEF => sub { # CASE: col => {op => undef} : sql "IS (NOT)? NULL"
my $is =
- $op =~ $self->{equality_op} ? 'is'
+ $op =~ /^not$/i ? 'is not' # legacy
+ : $op =~ $self->{equality_op} ? 'is'
: $op =~ $self->{like_op} ? belch("Supplying an undefined argument to '@{[ uc $op]}' is deprecated") && 'is'
: $op =~ $self->{inequality_op} ? 'is not'
: $op =~ $self->{not_like_op} ? belch("Supplying an undefined argument to '@{[ uc $op]}' is deprecated") && 'is not'
},
FALLBACK => sub { # CASE: col => {op/func => $stuff}
-
- # retain for proper column type bind
- $self->{_nested_func_lhs} ||= $k;
-
($sql, @bind) = $self->_where_unary_op ($op, $val);
$sql = join (' ',
return ($all_sql, @all_bind);
}
+sub _where_field_IS {
+ my ($self, $k, $op, $v) = @_;
+ my ($s) = $self->_SWITCH_refkind($v, {
+ UNDEF => sub {
+ join ' ',
+ $self->_convert($self->_quote($k)),
+ map { $self->_sqlcase($_)} ($op, 'null')
+ },
+ FALLBACK => sub {
+ puke "$op can only take undef as argument";
+ },
+ });
+
+ $s;
+}
sub _where_field_op_ARRAYREF {
my ($self, $k, $op, $vals) = @_;
my ($func, $arg, @rest) = %$val;
puke ("Only simple { -func => arg } functions accepted as sub-arguments to BETWEEN")
if (@rest or $func !~ /^ \- (.+)/x);
- local $self->{_nested_func_lhs} = $k;
$self->_where_unary_op ($1 => $arg);
},
FALLBACK => sub {
my ($func, $arg, @rest) = %$val;
puke ("Only simple { -func => arg } functions accepted as sub-arguments to IN")
if (@rest or $func !~ /^ \- (.+)/x);
- local $self->{_nested_func_lhs} = $k;
$self->_where_unary_op ($1 => $arg);
},
UNDEF => sub {
# adding them back in the corresponding method
sub _open_outer_paren {
my ($self, $sql) = @_;
- $sql = $1 while $sql =~ /^ \s* \( (.*) \) \s* $/xs;
- return $sql;
+
+ while ( my ($inner) = $sql =~ /^ \s* \( (.*) \) \s* $/xs ) {
+
+ # there are closing parens inside, need the heavy duty machinery
+ # to reevaluate the extraction starting from $sql (full reevaluation)
+ if ( $inner =~ /\)/ ) {
+ require Text::Balanced;
+
+ my (undef, $remainder) = do {
+ # idiotic design - writes to $@ but *DOES NOT* throw exceptions
+ local $@;
+ Text::Balanced::extract_bracketed( $sql, '()', qr/\s*/ );
+ };
+
+ # the entire expression needs to be a balanced bracketed thing
+ # (after an extract no remainder sans trailing space)
+ last if defined $remainder and $remainder =~ /\S/;
+ }
+
+ $sql = $inner;
+ }
+
+ $sql;
}
else {
puke "Unsupported quote_char format: $_[0]->{quote_char}";
}
+ my $esc = $_[0]->{escape_char} || $r;
# parts containing * are naturally unquoted
return join( $_[0]->{name_sep}||'', map
- { $_ eq '*' ? $_ : $l . $_ . $r }
+ { $_ eq '*' ? $_ : do { (my $n = $_) =~ s/(\Q$esc\E|\Q$r\E)/$esc$1/g; $l . $n . $r } }
( $_[0]->{name_sep} ? split (/\Q$_[0]->{name_sep}\E/, $_[1] ) : $_[1] )
);
}
my %data = (
name => 'Bill',
- date_entered => \["to_date(?,'MM/DD/YYYY')", "03/02/2003"],
+ date_entered => \[ "to_date(?,'MM/DD/YYYY')", "03/02/2003" ],
);
The first value in the array is the actual SQL. Any other values are
Easy, eh?
-=head1 FUNCTIONS
+=head1 METHODS
-The functions are simple. There's one for each major SQL operation,
+The methods are simple. There's one for every major SQL operation,
and a constructor you use first. The arguments are specified in a
-similar order to each function (table, then fields, then a where
+similar order for each method (table, then fields, then a where
clause) to try and simplify things.
-
-
-
=head2 new(option => 'value')
The C<new()> function takes a list of options and values, and returns
sub called C<bind_fields()> or something and reuse it repeatedly. You still
get a layer of abstraction over manual SQL specification.
-Note that if you set L</bindtype> to C<columns>, the C<\[$sql, @bind]>
+Note that if you set L</bindtype> to C<columns>, the C<\[ $sql, @bind ]>
construct (see L</Literal SQL with placeholders and bind values (subqueries)>)
will expect the bind values in this format.
Quoting is useful if you have tables or columns names that are reserved
words in your database's SQL dialect.
+=item escape_char
+
+This is the character that will be used to escape L</quote_char>s appearing
+in an identifier before it has been quoted.
+
+The parameter default in case of a single L</quote_char> character is the quote
+character itself.
+
+When opening-closing-style quoting is used (L</quote_char> is an arrayref)
+this parameter defaults to the B<closing (right)> L</quote_char>. Occurences
+of the B<opening (left)> L</quote_char> within the identifier are currently left
+untouched. The default for opening-closing-style quotes may change in future
+versions, thus you are B<strongly encouraged> to specify the escape character
+explicitly.
+
=item name_sep
This is the character that separates a table and column name. It is
=back
-=head2 update($table, \%fieldvals, \%where)
+=head2 update($table, \%fieldvals, \%where, \%options)
This takes a table, hashref of field/value pairs, and an optional
hashref L<WHERE clause|/WHERE CLAUSES>. It returns an SQL UPDATE function and a list
L</"Inserting and Updating SQL"> for information on how to insert
with those data types.
+The optional C<\%options> hash reference may contain additional
+options to generate the update SQL. Currently supported options
+are:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item returning
+
+See the C<returning> option to
+L<insert|/insert($table, \@values || \%fieldvals, \%options)>.
+
+=back
+
=head2 select($source, $fields, $where, $order)
This returns a SQL SELECT statement and associated list of bind values, as
You get the idea. Strings get their case twiddled, but everything
else remains verbatim.
+=head1 EXPORTABLE FUNCTIONS
+
+=head2 is_plain_value
+
+Determines if the supplied argument is a plain value as understood by this
+module:
+
+=over
+
+=item * The value is C<undef>
+
+=item * The value is a non-reference
+
+=item * The value is an object with stringification overloading
+
+=item * The value is of the form C<< { -value => $anything } >>
+
+=back
+
+On failure returns C<undef>, on sucess returns a B<scalar> reference
+to the original supplied argument.
+
+=over
+
+=item * Note
+
+The stringification overloading detection is rather advanced: it takes
+into consideration not only the presence of a C<""> overload, but if that
+fails also checks for enabled
+L<autogenerated versions of C<"">|overload/Magic Autogeneration>, based
+on either C<0+> or C<bool>.
+
+Unfortunately testing in the field indicates that this
+detection B<< may tickle a latent bug in perl versions before 5.018 >>,
+but only when very large numbers of stringifying objects are involved.
+At the time of writing ( Sep 2014 ) there is no clear explanation of
+the direct cause, nor is there a manageably small test case that reliably
+reproduces the problem.
+
+If you encounter any of the following exceptions in B<random places within
+your application stack> - this module may be to blame:
+
+ Operation "ne": no method found,
+ left argument in overloaded package <something>,
+ right argument in overloaded package <something>
+
+or perhaps even
+
+ Stub found while resolving method "???" overloading """" in package <something>
+
+If you fall victim to the above - please attempt to reduce the problem
+to something that could be sent to the L<SQL::Abstract developers
+|DBIx::Class/GETTING HELP/SUPPORT>
+(either publicly or privately). As a workaround in the meantime you can
+set C<$ENV{SQLA_ISVALUE_IGNORE_AUTOGENERATED_STRINGIFICATION}> to a true
+value, which will most likely eliminate your problem (at the expense of
+not being able to properly detect exotic forms of stringification).
+
+This notice and environment variable will be removed in a future version,
+as soon as the underlying problem is found and a reliable workaround is
+devised.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 is_literal_value
+
+Determines if the supplied argument is a literal value as understood by this
+module:
+
+=over
+
+=item * C<\$sql_string>
+
+=item * C<\[ $sql_string, @bind_values ]>
+
+=back
+
+On failure returns C<undef>, on sucess returns an B<array> reference
+containing the unpacked version of the supplied literal SQL and bind values.
+
=head1 WHERE CLAUSES
=head2 Introduction
@bind = ('2', '5', 'nwiger');
If you want to include literal SQL (with or without bind values), just use a
-scalar reference or array reference as the value:
+scalar reference or reference to an arrayref as the value:
my %where = (
date_entered => { '>' => \["to_date(?, 'MM/DD/YYYY')", "11/26/2008"] },
Which would generate:
- $stmt = "WHERE date_entered > "to_date(?, 'MM/DD/YYYY') AND date_expires < now()";
+ $stmt = "WHERE date_entered > to_date(?, 'MM/DD/YYYY') AND date_expires < now()";
@bind = ('11/26/2008');
Because, in Perl you I<can't> do this:
- priority => { '!=', 2, '!=', 1 }
+ priority => { '!=' => 2, '!=' => 1 }
As the second C<!=> key will obliterate the first. The solution
is to use the special C<-modifier> form inside an arrayref:
That would yield:
- WHERE ( user = ? AND (
- ( workhrs > ? AND geo = ? )
- OR ( workhrs < ? OR geo = ? )
- ) )
+ $stmt = "WHERE ( user = ?
+ AND ( ( workhrs > ? AND geo = ? )
+ OR ( workhrs < ? OR geo = ? ) ) )";
+ @bind = ('nwiger', '20', 'ASIA', '50', 'EURO');
=head3 Algebraic inconsistency, for historical reasons
historical reasons. So be careful : the two examples below would
seem algebraically equivalent, but they are not
- {col => [-and => {-like => 'foo%'}, {-like => '%bar'}]}
+ { col => [ -and =>
+ { -like => 'foo%' },
+ { -like => '%bar' },
+ ] }
# yields : WHERE ( ( col LIKE ? AND col LIKE ? ) )
- [-and => {col => {-like => 'foo%'}, {col => {-like => '%bar'}}]]
+ [ -and =>
+ { col => { -like => 'foo%' } },
+ { col => { -like => '%bar' } },
+ ]
# yields : WHERE ( ( col LIKE ? OR col LIKE ? ) )
in Postgres you can use something like this:
my %where = (
- date_column => \[q/= date '2008-09-30' - ?::integer/, 10/]
+ date_column => \[ "= date '2008-09-30' - ?::integer", 10 ]
)
This would create:
@bind = ('10');
Note that you must pass the bind values in the same format as they are returned
-by L</where>. That means that if you set L</bindtype> to C<columns>, you must
-provide the bind values in the C<< [ column_meta => value ] >> format, where
-C<column_meta> is an opaque scalar value; most commonly the column name, but
-you can use any scalar value (including references and blessed references),
-L<SQL::Abstract> will simply pass it through intact. So if C<bindtype> is set
-to C<columns> the above example will look like:
+by L<where|/where(\%where, \@order)>. This means that if you set L</bindtype>
+to C<columns>, you must provide the bind values in the
+C<< [ column_meta => value ] >> format, where C<column_meta> is an opaque
+scalar value; most commonly the column name, but you can use any scalar value
+(including references and blessed references), L<SQL::Abstract> will simply
+pass it through intact. So if C<bindtype> is set to C<columns> the above
+example will look like:
my %where = (
- date_column => \[q/= date '2008-09-30' - ?::integer/, [ dummy => 10 ]/]
+ date_column => \[ "= date '2008-09-30' - ?::integer", [ {} => 10 ] ]
)
Literal SQL is especially useful for nesting parenthesized clauses in the
the expected return is C<< ($sql, @bind) >>.
When supplied with a method name, it is simply called on the
-L<SQL::Abstract/> object as:
+L<SQL::Abstract> object as:
$self->$method_name ($field, $op, $arg)
Where:
- $op is the part that matched the handler regex
$field is the LHS of the operator
+ $op is the part that matched the handler regex
$arg is the RHS
When supplied with a coderef, it is called as:
the expected return is C<< $sql >>.
When supplied with a method name, it is simply called on the
-L<SQL::Abstract/> object as:
+L<SQL::Abstract> object as:
$self->$method_name ($op, $arg)
use these three modules together to write complex database query
apps in under 50 lines.
-=head1 REPO
+=head1 HOW TO CONTRIBUTE
+
+Contributions are always welcome, in all usable forms (we especially
+welcome documentation improvements). The delivery methods include git-
+or unified-diff formatted patches, GitHub pull requests, or plain bug
+reports either via RT or the Mailing list. Contributors are generally
+granted full access to the official repository after their first several
+patches pass successful review.
+
+This project is maintained in a git repository. The code and related tools are
+accessible at the following locations:
=over
-=item * gitweb: L<http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=dbsrgits/SQL-Abstract.git>
+=item * Official repo: L<git://git.shadowcat.co.uk/dbsrgits/SQL-Abstract.git>
+
+=item * Official gitweb: L<http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=dbsrgits/SQL-Abstract.git>
+
+=item * GitHub mirror: L<https://github.com/dbsrgits/sql-abstract>
-=item * git: L<git://git.shadowcat.co.uk/dbsrgits/SQL-Abstract.git>
+=item * Authorized committers: L<ssh://dbsrgits@git.shadowcat.co.uk/SQL-Abstract.git>
=back
=item *
-support for literal SQL through the C<< \ [$sql, bind] >> syntax.
+support for literal SQL through the C<< \ [ $sql, @bind ] >> syntax.
=item *
projects / dbsrgits/SQL-Abstract.git / blobdiff