1 package DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader;
5 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema Class::Data::Accessor/;
6 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
7 use UNIVERSAL::require;
9 use Scalar::Util qw/ weaken /;
11 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
12 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
13 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
14 our $VERSION = '0.03012';
16 __PACKAGE__->mk_classaccessor('dump_to_dir');
17 __PACKAGE__->mk_classaccessor('loader');
18 __PACKAGE__->mk_classaccessor('_loader_args');
22 DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader - Dynamic definition of a DBIx::Class::Schema
27 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader/;
29 __PACKAGE__->loader_options(
31 constraint => '^foo.*',
35 # in seperate application code ...
39 my $schema1 = My::Schema->connect( $dsn, $user, $password, $attrs);
41 my $schema1 = "My::Schema"; $schema1->connection(as above);
45 DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader automates the definition of a
46 L<DBIx::Class::Schema> by scanning database table definitions and
47 setting up the columns, primary keys, and relationships.
49 DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader currently supports only the DBI storage type.
50 It has explicit support for L<DBD::Pg>, L<DBD::mysql>, L<DBD::DB2>, and
51 L<DBD::SQLite>. Other DBI drivers may function to a greater or lesser
52 degree with this loader, depending on how much of the DBI spec they
53 implement, and how standard their implementation is. Patches to make
54 other DBDs work correctly welcome.
56 See L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::DBI::Writing> for notes on writing
57 your own vendor-specific subclass for an unsupported DBD driver.
59 This module requires L<DBIx::Class> 0.06 or later, and obsoletes
60 the older L<DBIx::Class::Loader>.
62 This module is designed more to get you up and running quickly against
63 an existing database, or to be effective for simple situations, rather
64 than to be what you use in the long term for a complex database/project.
66 That being said, transitioning your code from a Schema generated by this
67 module to one that doesn't use this module should be straightforward and
68 painless (as long as you're not using any methods that are now deprecated
69 in this document), so don't shy away from it just for fears of the
70 transition down the road.
76 Example in Synopsis above demonstrates a few common arguments. For
77 detailed information on all of the arguments, most of which are
78 only useful in fairly complex scenarios, see the
79 L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base> documentation.
81 This method is *required* at this time, for backwards compatibility
82 reasons. If you do not wish to change any options, just call it
83 with an empty argument list during schema class initialization.
85 Setting these options explicitly via this method B<after> calling
86 C<connection> is deprecated and will stop working in version 0.04000.
87 For now the code merely warns about this condition.
89 The preferred way of doing things is to either call C<loader_options>
90 before any connection is made, or embed the C<loader_options> in
91 the connection information itself as shown below.
98 my %args = (ref $_[0] eq 'HASH') ? %{$_[0]} : @_;
100 my $class = ref $self || $self;
101 $args{schema} = $self;
102 $args{schema_class} = $class;
103 weaken($args{schema}) if ref $self;
105 $self->_loader_args(\%args);
106 if($self->storage && !$class->loader) {
107 warn "Do not set loader_options after specifying the connection info,"
108 . " this will be unsupported in 0.04000";
109 $self->_invoke_loader;
117 my $class = ref $self || $self;
119 $self->_loader_args->{dump_directory} ||= $self->dump_to_dir;
121 # XXX this only works for relative storage_type, like ::DBI ...
122 my $impl = "DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader" . $self->storage_type;
124 croak qq/Could not load storage_type loader "$impl": / .
125 qq/"$UNIVERSAL::require::ERROR"/;
127 # XXX in the future when we get rid of ->loader, the next two
128 # lines can be replaced by "$impl->new(%{$self->_loader_args})->load;"
129 $class->loader($impl->new(%{$self->_loader_args}));
130 $class->loader->load;
137 See L<DBIx::Class::Schema> for basic usage.
139 If the final argument is a hashref, and it contains a key C<loader_options>,
140 that key will be deleted, and its value will be used for the loader options,
141 just as if set via the L</loader_options> method above.
143 The actual auto-loading operation (the heart of this module) will be invoked
144 as soon as the connection information is defined.
151 if($_[-1] && ref $_[-1] eq 'HASH') {
152 if(my $loader_opts = delete $_[-1]->{loader_options}) {
153 $self->loader_options($loader_opts);
154 pop @_ if !keys %{$_[-1]};
158 $self = $self->next::method(@_);
160 my $class = ref $self || $self;
161 if($self->_loader_args && !$class->loader) {
162 $self->_invoke_loader
170 See L<DBIx::Class::Schema>.
177 my $clone = $self->next::method(@_);
179 if($clone->_loader_args) {
180 $clone->_loader_args->{schema} = $clone;
181 weaken($clone->_loader_args->{schema});
189 Argument: directory name.
191 Calling this as a class method on either L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader>
192 or any derived schema class will cause all affected schemas to dump
193 manual versions of themselves to the named directory when they are
194 loaded. In order to be effective, this must be set before defining a
195 connection on this schema class or any derived object (as the loading
196 happens as soon as both a connection and loader_options are set, and
197 only once per class).
199 See L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base/dump_directory> for more
200 details on the dumping mechanism.
202 This can also be set at module import time via the import option
203 C<dump_to_dir:/foo/bar> to L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader>, where
204 C</foo/bar> is the target directory.
208 # My::Schema isa DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader, and has connection info
209 # hardcoded in the class itself:
210 perl -MDBIx::Class::Schema::Loader=dump_to_dir:/foo/bar -MMy::Schema -e1
212 # Same, but no hard-coded connection, so we must provide one:
213 perl -MDBIx::Class::Schema::Loader=dump_to_dir:/foo/bar -MMy::Schema -e 'My::Schema->connection("dbi:Pg:dbname=foo", ...)'
215 # Or as a class method, as long as you get it done *before* defining a
216 # connection on this schema class or any derived object:
218 My::Schema->dump_to_dir('/foo/bar');
219 My::Schema->connection(........);
221 # Or as a class method on the DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader itself, which affects all
225 DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader->dump_to_dir('/foo/bar');
226 My::Schema->connection(.......);
227 My::OtherSchema->connection(.......);
229 # Another alternative to the above:
230 use DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader qw| dump_to_dir:/foo/bar |;
233 My::Schema->connection(.......);
234 My::OtherSchema->connection(.......);
241 foreach my $opt (@_) {
242 if($opt =~ m{^dump_to_dir:(.*)$}) {
243 $self->dump_to_dir($1)
245 elsif($opt eq 'make_schema_at') {
247 my $cpkg = (caller)[0];
248 *{"${cpkg}::make_schema_at"} = \&make_schema_at;
253 =head2 make_schema_at
255 This simple function allows one to create a Loader-based schema
256 in-memory on the fly without any on-disk class files of any
257 kind. When used with the C<dump_directory> option, you can
258 use this to generate a rough draft manual schema from a dsn
259 without the intermediate step of creating a physical Loader-based
262 The return value is the input class name.
264 This function can be exported/imported by the normal means, as
265 illustrated in these Examples:
267 # Simple example, creates as a new class 'New::Schema::Name' in
268 # memory in the running perl interpreter.
269 use DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader qw/ make_schema_at /;
272 { relationships => 1, debug => 1 },
273 [ 'dbi:Pg:dbname="foo"','postgres' ],
276 # Complex: dump loaded schema to disk, all from the commandline:
277 perl -MDBIx::Class::Schema::Loader=make_schema_at,dump_to_dir:./lib -e 'make_schema_at("New::Schema::Name", { relationships => 1 }, [ "dbi:Pg:dbname=foo","postgres" ])'
279 # Same, but inside a script, and using a different way to specify the
281 use DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader qw/ make_schema_at /;
284 { relationships => 1, debug => 1, dump_directory => './lib' },
285 [ 'dbi:Pg:dbname="foo"','postgres' ],
291 my ($target, $opts, $connect_info) = @_;
295 @{$target . '::ISA'} = qw/DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader/;
298 $target->loader_options($opts);
299 $target->connection(@$connect_info);
304 Using the example in L<DBIx::Class::Manual::ExampleSchema> as a basis
305 replace the DB::Main with the following code:
309 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader/;
311 __PACKAGE__->loader_options(
315 __PACKAGE__->connection('dbi:SQLite:example.db');
319 and remove the Main directory tree (optional). Every thing else
322 =head1 DEPRECATED METHODS
324 You don't need to read anything in this section unless you're upgrading
325 code that was written against pre-0.03 versions of this module. This
326 version is intended to be backwards-compatible with pre-0.03 code, but
327 will issue warnings about your usage of deprecated features/methods.
329 B<All of these deprecated methods will dissappear in version 0.04000>,
330 and converting code that uses these methods should be trivial.
332 =head2 load_from_connection
334 This deprecated method is now roughly an alias for L</loader_options>.
336 For now, using this method will invoke the legacy behavior for
337 backwards compatibility, and merely emit a warning about upgrading
340 It also reverts the default inflection scheme to
341 use L<Lingua::EN::Inflect> just like pre-0.03 versions of this
344 You can force these legacy inflections with the
345 option L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base/legacy_default_inflections>,
346 even after switch over to the preferred L</loader_options> way of doing
347 things. That option will not go away until at least 0.05.
349 See the source of this method for more details.
353 sub load_from_connection {
354 my ($self, %args) = @_;
356 my $cmds_ver = $Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema::VERSION;
358 if($cmds_ver < 0.14) {
359 warn 'You should upgrade your installation of'
360 . ' Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema to 0.14 or higher, then:';
362 warn 'You should regenerate your Model files, which may eliminate'
363 . ' the following deprecation warning:';
365 warn 'load_from_connection deprecated, and will dissappear in 0.04000, '
366 . 'please [re-]read the [new] DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader '
369 # Support the old connect_info / dsn / etc args...
370 $args{connect_info} = [
373 delete $args{password},
374 delete $args{options},
377 $self->connection(@{delete $args{connect_info}})
378 if $args{connect_info};
380 $self->loader_options('legacy_default_inflections' => 1, %args);
385 This is an accessor in the generated Schema class for accessing
386 the L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base> -based loader object
387 that was used during construction. See the
388 L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base> docs for more information
389 on the available loader methods there.
391 This accessor is deprecated. Do not use it. Anything you can
392 get from C<loader>, you can get via the normal L<DBIx::Class::Schema>
393 methods, and your code will be more robust and forward-thinking
396 If you're already using C<loader> in your code, make an effort
397 to get rid of it. If you think you've found a situation where it
398 is necessary, let me know and we'll see what we can do to remedy
401 In some future version, this accessor *will* disappear. It was
402 apparently quite a design/API mistake to ever have exposed it to
403 user-land in the first place, all things considered.
407 =head2 Multiple Database Schemas
409 Currently the loader is limited to working within a single schema
410 (using the database vendors' definition of "schema"). If you
411 have a multi-schema database with inter-schema relationships (which
412 is easy to do in PostgreSQL or DB2 for instance), you only get to
413 automatically load the tables of one schema, and any relationships
414 to tables in other schemas will be silently ignored.
416 At some point in the future, an intelligent way around this might be
417 devised, probably by allowing the C<db_schema> option to be an
418 arrayref of schemas to load.
420 In "normal" L<DBIx::Class::Schema> usage, manually-defined
421 source classes and relationships have no problems crossing vendor schemas.
425 Brandon Black, C<blblack@gmail.com>
427 Based on L<DBIx::Class::Loader> by Sebastian Riedel
429 Based upon the work of IKEBE Tomohiro
433 Matt S Trout, all of the #dbix-class folks, and everyone who's ever sent
434 in a bug report or suggestion.
438 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
439 the same terms as Perl itself.
443 L<DBIx::Class>, L<DBIx::Class::Manual::ExampleSchema>