use Moo ();
use Web::Dispatch::Wrapper ();
-our $VERSION = '0.004';
+our $VERSION = '0.020';
sub import {
my ($class, $app_package) = @_;
$INC{"${name}.pm"} = 'Set by "use Web::Simple;" invocation';
}
+1;
+
=head1 NAME
Web::Simple - A quick and easy way to build simple web applications
-=head1 WARNING
-
-This is really quite new. If you're reading this on CPAN, it means the stuff
-that's here we're probably happy with. But only probably. So we may have to
-change stuff. And if you're reading this from git, come check with irc.perl.org
-#web-simple that we're actually sure we're going to keep anything that's
-different from the CPAN version.
-
-If we do find we have to change stuff we'll add to the
-L<CHANGES BETWEEN RELEASES> section explaining how to switch your code across
-to the new version, and we'll do our best to make it as painless as possible
-because we've got Web::Simple applications too. But we can't promise not to
-change things at all. Not yet. Sorry.
=head1 SYNOPSIS
- #!/usr/bin/perl
+ #!/usr/bin/env perl
- use Web::Simple 'HelloWorld';
+ package HelloWorld;
+ use Web::Simple;
- {
- package HelloWorld;
-
- sub dispatch_request {
- sub (GET) {
- [ 200, [ 'Content-type', 'text/plain' ], [ 'Hello world!' ] ]
- },
- sub () {
- [ 405, [ 'Content-type', 'text/plain' ], [ 'Method not allowed' ] ]
- }
+ sub dispatch_request {
+ sub (GET) {
+ [ 200, [ 'Content-type', 'text/plain' ], [ 'Hello world!' ] ]
+ },
+ sub () {
+ [ 405, [ 'Content-type', 'text/plain' ], [ 'Method not allowed' ] ]
}
}
HelloWorld->run_if_script;
-If you save this file into your cgi-bin as hello-world.cgi and then visit
+If you save this file into your cgi-bin as C<hello-world.cgi> and then visit:
http://my.server.name/cgi-bin/hello-world.cgi/
-you'll get the "Hello world!" string output to your browser. For more complex
-examples and non-CGI deployment, see below. To get help with Web::Simple,
-please connect to the irc.perl.org IRC network and join #web-simple.
+you'll get the "Hello world!" string output to your browser. At the same time
+this file will also act as a class module, so you can save it as HelloWorld.pm
+and use it as-is in test scripts or other deployment mechanisms.
-=head1 WHY?
+Note that you should retain the ->run_if_script even if your app is a
+module, since this additionally makes it valid as a .psgi file, which can
+be extremely useful during development.
-Web::Simple was originally written to form part of my Antiquated Perl talk for
-Italian Perl Workshop 2009, but in writing the bloggery example I realised
-that having a bare minimum system for writing web applications that doesn't
-drive me insane was rather nice and decided to spend my attempt at nanowrimo
-for 2009 improving and documenting it to the point where others could use it.
+For more complex examples and non-CGI deployment, see
+L<Web::Simple::Deployment>. To get help with L<Web::Simple>, please connect to
+the irc.perl.org IRC network and join #web-simple.
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
-The philosophy of Web::Simple is to keep to an absolute bare minimum, for
+The philosophy of L<Web::Simple> is to keep to an absolute bare minimum for
everything. It is not designed to be used for large scale applications;
the L<Catalyst> web framework already works very nicely for that and is
a far more mature, well supported piece of software.
However, if you have an application that only does a couple of things, and
-want to not have to think about complexities of deployment, then Web::Simple
+want to not have to think about complexities of deployment, then L<Web::Simple>
might be just the thing for you.
-The Antiquated Perl talk can be found at L<http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/archive/conference-video/>.
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-The only public interface the Web::Simple module itself provides is an
-import based one -
+The only public interface the L<Web::Simple> module itself provides is an
+C<import> based one:
use Web::Simple 'NameOfApplication';
-This imports 'strict' and 'warnings FATAL => "all"' into your code as well,
-so you can skip the usual
+This sets up your package (in this case "NameOfApplication" is your package)
+so that it inherits from L<Web::Simple::Application> and imports L<strictures>,
+as well as installs a C<PSGI_ENV> constant for convenience, as well as some
+other subroutines.
+
+Importing L<strictures> will automatically make your code use the C<strict> and
+C<warnings> pragma, so you can skip the usual:
use strict;
- use warnings;
+ use warnings FATAL => 'aa';
provided you 'use Web::Simple' at the top of the file. Note that we turn
on *fatal* warnings so if you have any warnings at any point from the file
that you did 'use Web::Simple' in, then your application will die. This is,
so far, considered a feature.
-Calling the import also makes NameOfApplication isa Web::Simple::Application
-and sets your app class up as a L<Moo> class- i.e. does the equivalent of
+When we inherit from L<Web::Simple::Application> we also use L<Moo>, which is
+the the equivalent of:
{
package NameOfApplication;
extends 'Web::Simple::Application';
}
+So you can use L<Moo> features in your application, such as creating attributes
+using the C<has> subroutine, etc. Please see the documentation for L<Moo> for
+more information.
+
It also exports the following subroutines for use in dispatchers:
response_filter { ... };
is encountered in other code.
+One important thing to remember when using
+
+ NameOfApplication->run_if_script;
+
+At the end of your app is that this call will create an instance of your app
+for you automatically, regardless of context. An easier way to think of this
+would be if the method were more verbosely named
+
+ NameOfApplication->run_request_if_script_else_turn_coderef_for_psgi;
+
=head1 DISPATCH STRATEGY
+L<Web::Simple> despite being straightforward to use, has a powerful system
+for matching all sorts of incoming URLs to one or more subroutines. These
+subroutines can be simple actions to take for a given URL, or something
+more complicated, including entire L<Plack> applications, L<Plack::Middleware>
+and nested subdispatchers.
+
=head2 Examples
sub dispatch_request {
...
}
+Well, a sub is a valid PSGI response too (for ultimate streaming and async
+cleverness). If you want to return a PSGI sub you have to wrap it into an
+array ref.
+
+ sub dispatch_request {
+ [ sub {
+ my $respond = shift;
+ # This is pure PSGI here, so read perldoc PSGI
+ } ]
+ }
+
If you return a subroutine with a prototype, the prototype is treated
as a match specification - and if the test is passed, the body of the
-sub is called as a method any matched arguments (see below for more details).
+sub is called as a method and passed any matched arguments (see below for more details).
-You can also return a plain subroutine which will be called with just $env
-- remember that in this case if you need $self you -must- close over it.
+You can also return a plain subroutine which will be called with just C<$env>
+- remember that in this case if you need C<$self> you B<must> close over it.
-If you return a normal object, Web::Simple will simply return it upwards on
-the assumption that a response_filter somewhere will convert it to something
-useful - this allows:
+If you return a normal object, L<Web::Simple> will simply return it upwards on
+the assumption that a response_filter (or some arbitrary L<Plack::Middleware>)
+somewhere will convert it to something useful. This allows:
sub dispatch_request {
my $self = shift;
sub (/user/*) { $self->users->get($_[1]) },
}
-to render a user object to HTML, for example.
+An alternative to using prototypes to declare a match specification for a given
+route is to provide a Dancer like key-value list:
-However, two types of object are treated specially - a Plack::App object
-will have its ->to_app method called and be used as a dispatcher:
+ sub dispatch_request {
+ my $self = shift;
+ (
+ '.html' => sub { response_filter { $self->render_zoom($_[0]) } },
+ '/user/*' => sub { $self->users->get($_[1]) },
+ )
+ }
+
+This can be useful in situations where you are generating a dispatch table
+programmatically, where setting a subroutines protoype is difficult.
+
+to render a user object to HTML, if there is an incoming URL such as:
+
+ http://myweb.org/user/111.html
+
+This works because as we descend down the dispachers, we first match
+C<sub (.html)>, which adds a C<response_filter> (basically a specialized routine
+that follows the L<Plack::Middleware> specification), and then later we also
+match C<sub (/user/*)> which gets a user and returns that as the response.
+This user object 'bubbles up' through all the wrapping middleware until it hits
+the C<response_filter> we defined, after which the return is converted to a
+true html response.
+
+However, two types of objects are treated specially - a C<Plack::Component> object
+will have its C<to_app> method called and be used as a dispatcher:
sub dispatch_request {
my $self = shift;
...
}
-A Plack::Middleware object will be used as a filter for the rest of the
+A L<Plack::Middleware> object will be used as a filter for the rest of the
dispatch being returned into:
+ ## responds to /admin/track_usage AND /admin/delete_accounts
+
sub dispatch_request {
my $self = shift;
- ...
- sub (/admin) { Plack::Middleware::Session->new(...) },
- ... # dispatchers needing a session go here
+ sub (/admin/**) {
+ Plack::Middleware::Session->new(%opts);
+ },
+ sub (/admin/track_usage) {
+ ## something that needs a session
+ },
+ sub (/admin/delete_accounts) {
+ ## something else that needs a session
+ },
}
-Note that this is for the dispatch being -returned- to, so if you want to
+Note that this is for the dispatch being B<returned> to, so if you want to
provide it inline you need to do:
+ ## ALSO responds to /admin/track_usage AND /admin/delete_accounts
+
sub dispatch_request {
my $self = shift;
- ...
sub (/admin/...) {
- sub { Plack::Middleware::Session->new(...) },
- ... # dispatchers under /admin
+ sub {
+ Plack::Middleware::Session->new(%opts);
+ },
+ sub (/track_usage) {
+ ## something that needs a session
+ },
+ sub (/delete_accounts) {
+ ## something else that needs a session
+ },
}
}
And that's it - but remember that all this happens recursively - it's
-dispatchers all the way down.
+dispatchers all the way down. A URL incoming pattern will run all matching
+dispatchers and then hit all added filters or L<Plack::Middleware>.
=head2 Web::Simple match specifications
sub (/domain/*/user/*) {
my ($self, $domain, $user) = @_;
-and so on. To match an arbitrary number of parts, use -
+and so on. To match an arbitrary number of parts, use C<**>:
sub (/page/**) {
+ my ($self, $match) = @_;
-This will result in an element per /-separated part so matched. Note that
-you can do
+This will result in a single element for the entire match. Note that you can do
sub (/page/**/edit) {
to match an arbitrary number of parts up to but not including some final
part.
+Note: Since Web::Simple handles a concept of file extensions, C<*> and C<**>
+matchers will not by default match things after a final dot, and this
+can be modified by using C<*.*> and C<**.*> in the final position, e.g.:
+
+ /one/* matches /one/two.three and captures "two"
+ /one/*.* matches /one/two.three and captures "two.three"
+ /** matches /one/two.three and captures "one/two"
+ /**.* matches /one/two.three and captures "one/two.three"
+
Finally,
sub (/foo/...) {
-will match /foo/ on the beginning of the path -and- strip it, much like
-.html strips the extension. This is designed to be used to construct
-nested dispatch structures, but can also prove useful for having e.g. an
-optional language specification at the start of a path.
+Will match C</foo/> on the beginning of the path B<and> strip it. This is
+designed to be used to construct nested dispatch structures, but can also prove
+useful for having e.g. an optional language specification at the start of a
+path.
Note that the '...' is a "maybe something here, maybe not" so the above
specification will match like this:
/foo/ # match and strip path to '/'
/foo/bar/baz # match and strip path to '/bar/baz'
+Almost the same,
+
+ sub (/foo...) {
+
+Will match on C</foo/bar/baz>, but also include C</foo>. Otherwise it
+operates the same way as C</foo/...>.
+
+ /foo # match and strip path to ''
+ /foo/ # match and strip path to '/'
+ /foo/bar/baz # match and strip path to '/bar/baz'
+
+Please note the difference between C<sub(/foo/...)> and C<sub(/foo...)>. In
+the first case, this is expecting to find something after C</foo> (and fails to
+match if nothing is found), while in the second case we can match both C</foo>
+and C</foo/more/to/come>. The following are roughly the same:
+
+ sub (/foo) { 'I match /foo' },
+ sub (/foo/...) {
+ sub (/bar) { 'I match /foo/bar' },
+ sub (/*) { 'I match /foo/{id}' },
+ }
+
+Versus
+
+ sub (/foo...) {
+ sub (~) { 'I match /foo' },
+ sub (/bar) { 'I match /foo/bar' },
+ sub (/*) { 'I match /foo/{id}' },
+ }
+
+You may prefer the latter example should you wish to take advantage of
+subdispatchers to scope common activities. For example:
+
+ sub (/user...) {
+ my $user_rs = $schema->resultset('User');
+ sub (~) { $user_rs },
+ sub (/*) { $user_rs->find($_[1]) },
+ }
+
+You should note the special case path match C<sub (~)> which is only meaningful
+when it is contained in this type of path match. It matches to an empty path.
+
+=head4 Naming your patch matches
+
+Any C<*>, C<**>, C<*.*>, or C<**.*> match can be followed with C<:name> to make it into a named
+match, so:
+
+ sub (/*:one/*:two/*:three/*:four) {
+ "I match /1/2/3/4 capturing { one => 1, two => 2, three => 3, four => 4 }"
+ }
+
+ sub (/**.*:allofit) {
+ "I match anything capturing { allofit => \$whole_path }"
+ }
+
+In the specific case of a simple single-* match, the * may be omitted, to
+allow you to write:
+
+ sub (/:one/:two/:three/:four) {
+ "I match /1/2/3/4 capturing { one => 1, two => 2, three => 3, four => 4 }"
+ }
+
+=head4 C</foo> and C</foo/> are different specs
+
+As you may have noticed with the difference between C<sub(/foo/...)> and
+C<sub(/foo...)>, trailing slashes in path specs are significant. This is
+intentional and necessary to retain the ability to use relative links on
+websites. Let's demonstrate on this link:
+
+ <a href="bar">bar</a>
+
+If the user loads the url C</foo/> and clicks on this link, they will be
+sent to C</foo/bar>. However when they are on the url C</foo> and click this
+link, then they will be sent to C</bar>.
+
+This makes it necessary to be explicit about the trailing slash.
+
=head3 Extension matches
sub (.html) {
-will match and strip .html from the path (assuming the subroutine itself
-returns something, of course). This is normally used for rendering - e.g.
+will match .html from the path (assuming the subroutine itself returns
+something, of course). This is normally used for rendering - e.g.:
sub (.html) {
response_filter { $self->render_html($_[1]) }
sub (.*) {
-will match any extension and supplies the stripped extension as a match
-argument.
+will match any extension and supplies the extension as a match argument.
=head3 Query and body parameter matches
sub (?<param spec>) { # match URI query
sub (%<param spec>) { # match body params
-The body is only matched if the content type is
-application/x-www-form-urlencoded (note this means that Web::Simple does
-not yet handle uploads; this will be addressed in a later release).
+The body spec will match if the request content is either
+application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data - the latter
+of which is required for uploads - see below.
-The param spec is elements of one of the following forms -
+The param spec is elements of one of the following forms:
param~ # optional parameter
param= # required parameter
* # include all other parameters in hashref
@* # include all other parameters as multiple in hashref
-separated by the & character. The arguments added to the request are
-one per non-:/* parameter (scalar for normal, arrayref for multiple),
-plus if any :/* specs exist a hashref containing those values.
+separated by the C<&> character. The arguments added to the request are
+one per non-C<:>/C<*> parameter (scalar for normal, arrayref for multiple),
+plus if any C<:>/C<*> specs exist a hashref containing those values.
+
+Please note that if you specify a multiple type parameter match, you are
+ensured of getting an arrayref for the value, EVEN if the current incoming
+request has only one value. However if a parameter is specified as single
+and multiple values are found, the last one will be used.
-So, to match a page parameter with an optional order_by parameter one
+For example to match a C<page> parameter with an optional C<order_by> parameter one
would write:
sub (?page=&order_by~) {
to implement paging and ordering against a L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> object.
-Note that if a parameter is specified as single and multiple values are found,
-the last one will be used.
-
-To get all parameters as a hashref of arrayrefs, write:
+Another Example: To get all parameters as a hashref of arrayrefs, write:
sub(?@*) {
my ($self, $params) = @_;
my ($self, $foo, $bar, $params);
where $bar is an arrayref (possibly an empty one), and $params contains
-arrayref values for all parameters -not- mentioned and a scalar value for
+arrayref values for all parameters B<not> mentioned and a scalar value for
the 'coffee' parameter.
+Note, in the case where you combine arrayref, single parameter and named
+hashref style, the arrayref and single parameters will appear in C<@_> in the
+order you defined them in the protoype, but all hashrefs will merge into a
+single C<$params>, as in the example above.
+
+=head3 Upload matches
+
+ sub (*foo=) { # param specifier can be anything valid for query or body
+
+The upload match system functions exactly like a query/body match, except
+that the values returned (if any) are C<Web::Dispatch::Upload> objects.
+
+Note that this match type will succeed in two circumstances where you might
+not expect it to - first, when the field exists but is not an upload field
+and second, when the field exists but the form is not an upload form (i.e.
+content type "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" rather than
+"multipart/form-data"). In either of these cases, what you'll get back is
+a C<Web::Dispatch::NotAnUpload> object, which will C<die> with an error
+pointing out the problem if you try and use it. To be sure you have a real
+upload object, call
+
+ $upload->is_upload # returns 1 on a valid upload, 0 on a non-upload field
+
+and to get the reason why such an object is not an upload, call
+
+ $upload->reason # returns a reason or '' on a valid upload.
+
+Other than these two methods, the upload object provides the same interface
+as L<Plack::Request::Upload> with the addition of a stringify to the temporary
+filename to make copying it somewhere else easier to handle.
+
=head3 Combining matches
Matches may be combined with the + character - e.g.
are equivalent, but
- sub ((GET + .html) | (POST + .html)) {
+ sub ((GET + /admin/...) | (POST + /admin/...)) {
and
- sub (GET + .html | POST + .html) {
+ sub (GET + /admin/... | POST + /admin/...) {
are not - the latter is equivalent to
- sub (GET + (.html|POST) + .html) {
+ sub (GET + (/admin/...|POST) + /admin/...) {
-which will never match.
+which will never match!
=head3 Whitespace
-Note that for legibility you are permitted to use whitespace -
+Note that for legibility you are permitted to use whitespace:
sub (GET + /user/*) {
sub (GET+/user/*) {
+=head3 Accessing parameters via C<%_>
+
+If your dispatch specification causes your dispatch subroutine to receive
+a hash reference as its first argument, the contained named parameters
+will be accessible via C<%_>.
+
+This can be used to access your path matches, if they are named:
+
+ sub (GET + /foo/:path_part) {
+ [ 200,
+ ['Content-type' => 'text/plain'],
+ ["We are in $_{path_part}"],
+ ];
+ }
+
+Or, if your first argument would be a hash reference containing named
+query parameters:
+
+ sub (GET + /foo + ?:some_param=) {
+ [ 200,
+ ['Content-type' => 'text/plain'],
+ ["We received $_{some_param} as parameter"],
+ ];
+ }
+
+Of course this also works when all you are doing is slurping the whole set
+of parameters by their name:
+
+ sub (GET + /foo + ?*) {
+ [ 200,
+ ['Content-type' => 'text/plain'],
+ [exists($_{foo}) ? "Received a foo: $_{foo}" : "No foo!"],
+ ],
+ }
+
+Note that only the first hash reference will be available via C<%_>. If
+you receive additional hash references, you will need to access them as
+usual.
+
=head3 Accessing the PSGI env hash
In some cases you may wish to get the raw PSGI env hash - to do this,
-you can either use a plain sub -
+you can either use a plain sub:
sub {
my ($env) = @_;
...
}
-or use the PSGI_ENV constant exported to retrieve it:
+or use the C<PSGI_ENV> constant exported to retrieve it from C<@_>:
sub (GET + /foo + ?some_param=) {
my $param = $_[1];
of continuing dispatch re-delegates it to the start of the dispatch process,
but with the path of the request altered to the supplied URL.
-Thus if you receive a POST to '/some/url' and return a redispatch to
-'/other/url', the dispatch behaviour will be exactly as if the same POST
-request had been made to '/other/url' instead.
+Thus if you receive a POST to C</some/url> and return a redispatch to
+C</other/url>, the dispatch behaviour will be exactly as if the same POST
+request had been made to C</other/url> instead.
+
+Note, this is not the same as returning an HTTP 3xx redirect as a response;
+rather it is a much more efficient internal process.
=head1 CHANGES BETWEEN RELEASES
...
}
-Note that this method is still -returning- the dispatch code - just like
-dispatch did.
+Note that this method is still B<returning> the dispatch code - just like
+C<dispatch> did.
-Also note that you need the 'my $self = shift' since the magic $self
+Also note that you need the C<< my $self = shift >> since the magic $self
variable went away.
=item * the magic $self variable went away.
-Just add 'my $self = shift;' while writing your 'sub dispatch_request {'
+Just add C<< my $self = shift; >> while writing your C<< sub dispatch_request { >>
like a normal perl method.
=item * subdispatch deleted - all dispatchers can now subdispatch
)
}
+=back
+
=head2 Changes since Antiquated Perl
=over 4
=back
+=head1 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY
+
+Web::Simple was originally written to form part of my Antiquated Perl talk for
+Italian Perl Workshop 2009, but in writing the bloggery example I realised
+that having a bare minimum system for writing web applications that doesn't
+drive me insane was rather nice and decided to spend my attempt at nanowrimo
+for 2009 improving and documenting it to the point where others could use it.
+
+The Antiquated Perl talk can be found at L<http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/archive/conference-video/> and the slides are reproduced in this distribution under
+L<Web::Simple::AntiquatedPerl>.
+
=head1 COMMUNITY AND SUPPORT
=head2 IRC channel
=head1 AUTHOR
-Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
+Matt S. Trout (mst) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
=head1 CONTRIBUTORS
-None required yet. Maybe this module is perfect (hahahahaha ...).
+Devin Austin (dhoss) <dhoss@cpan.org>
+
+Arthur Axel 'fREW' Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
+
+gregor herrmann (gregoa) <gregoa@debian.org>
+
+John Napiorkowski (jnap) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
+
+Josh McMichael <jmcmicha@linus222.gsc.wustl.edu>
+
+Justin Hunter (arcanez) <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
+
+Kjetil Kjernsmo <kjetil@kjernsmo.net>
+
+markie <markie@nulletch64.dreamhost.com>
+
+Christian Walde (Mithaldu) <walde.christian@googlemail.com>
+
+nperez <nperez@cpan.org>
+
+Robin Edwards <robin.ge@gmail.com>
+
+Andrew Rodland (hobbs) <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
+
+Robert Sedlacek (phaylon) <r.sedlacek@shadowcat.co.uk>
=head1 COPYRIGHT
-Copyright (c) 2009 the Web::Simple L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
+Copyright (c) 2011 the Web::Simple L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
as listed above.
=head1 LICENSE
as perl itself.
=cut
-
-1;
projects / catagits/Web-Simple.git / blobdiff