use Moo ();
use Web::Dispatch::Wrapper ();
-our $VERSION = '0.011';
+our $VERSION = '0.020';
sub import {
my ($class, $app_package) = @_;
$INC{"${name}.pm"} = 'Set by "use Web::Simple;" invocation';
}
+1;
+
=head1 NAME
Web::Simple - A quick and easy way to build simple web applications
#!/usr/bin/env perl
package HelloWorld;
- use Web::Simple
+ use Web::Simple;
sub dispatch_request {
sub (GET) {
is encountered in other code.
+One important thing to remember when using
+
+ NameOfApplication->run_if_script;
+
+At the end of your app is that this call will create an instance of your app
+for you automatically, regardless of context. An easier way to think of this
+would be if the method were more verbosely named
+
+ NameOfApplication->run_request_if_script_else_turn_coderef_for_psgi;
+
=head1 DISPATCH STRATEGY
L<Web::Simple> despite being straightforward to use, has a powerful system
array ref.
sub dispatch_request {
- [ sub {
+ [ sub {
my $respond = shift;
# This is pure PSGI here, so read perldoc PSGI
} ]
If you return a subroutine with a prototype, the prototype is treated
as a match specification - and if the test is passed, the body of the
-sub is called as a method any matched arguments (see below for more details).
+sub is called as a method and passed any matched arguments (see below for more details).
-You can also return a plain subroutine which will be called with just $env
-- remember that in this case if you need $self you -must- close over it.
+You can also return a plain subroutine which will be called with just C<$env>
+- remember that in this case if you need C<$self> you B<must> close over it.
If you return a normal object, L<Web::Simple> will simply return it upwards on
the assumption that a response_filter (or some arbitrary L<Plack::Middleware>)
sub (/user/*) { $self->users->get($_[1]) },
}
+An alternative to using prototypes to declare a match specification for a given
+route is to provide a Dancer like key-value list:
+
+ sub dispatch_request {
+ my $self = shift;
+ (
+ '.html' => sub { response_filter { $self->render_zoom($_[0]) } },
+ '/user/*' => sub { $self->users->get($_[1]) },
+ )
+ }
+
+This can be useful in situations where you are generating a dispatch table
+programmatically, where setting a subroutines protoype is difficult.
+
to render a user object to HTML, if there is an incoming URL such as:
http://myweb.org/user/111.html
the C<response_filter> we defined, after which the return is converted to a
true html response.
-However, two types of object are treated specially - a Plack::App object
-will have its C<->to_app> method called and be used as a dispatcher:
+However, two types of objects are treated specially - a C<Plack::Component> object
+will have its C<to_app> method called and be used as a dispatcher:
sub dispatch_request {
my $self = shift;
...
}
-A Plack::Middleware object will be used as a filter for the rest of the
+A L<Plack::Middleware> object will be used as a filter for the rest of the
dispatch being returned into:
## responds to /admin/track_usage AND /admin/delete_accounts
},
}
-Note that this is for the dispatch being -returned- to, so if you want to
+Note that this is for the dispatch being B<returned> to, so if you want to
provide it inline you need to do:
## ALSO responds to /admin/track_usage AND /admin/delete_accounts
sub (/domain/*/user/*) {
my ($self, $domain, $user) = @_;
-and so on. To match an arbitrary number of parts, use -
+and so on. To match an arbitrary number of parts, use C<**>:
sub (/page/**) {
+ my ($self, $match) = @_;
-This will result in an element per /-separated part so matched. Note that
-you can do
+This will result in a single element for the entire match. Note that you can do
sub (/page/**/edit) {
to match an arbitrary number of parts up to but not including some final
part.
+Note: Since Web::Simple handles a concept of file extensions, C<*> and C<**>
+matchers will not by default match things after a final dot, and this
+can be modified by using C<*.*> and C<**.*> in the final position, e.g.:
+
+ /one/* matches /one/two.three and captures "two"
+ /one/*.* matches /one/two.three and captures "two.three"
+ /** matches /one/two.three and captures "one/two"
+ /**.* matches /one/two.three and captures "one/two.three"
+
Finally,
sub (/foo/...) {
-Will match /foo/ on the beginning of the path -and- strip it. This is designed
-to be used to construct nested dispatch structures, but can also prove useful
-for having e.g. an optional language specification at the start of a path.
+Will match C</foo/> on the beginning of the path B<and> strip it. This is
+designed to be used to construct nested dispatch structures, but can also prove
+useful for having e.g. an optional language specification at the start of a
+path.
Note that the '...' is a "maybe something here, maybe not" so the above
specification will match like this:
/foo/ # match and strip path to '/'
/foo/bar/baz # match and strip path to '/bar/baz'
-Note: Since Web::Simple handles a concept of file extensions, * and **
-matchers will not by default match things after a final dot, and this
-can be modified by using *.* and **.* in the final position, i.e.:
+Almost the same,
- /one/* matches /one/two.three and captures "two"
- /one/*.* matches /one/two.three and captures "two.three"
- /** matches /one/two.three and captures "one/two"
- /**.* matches /one/two.three and captures "one/two.three"
+ sub (/foo...) {
+
+Will match on C</foo/bar/baz>, but also include C</foo>. Otherwise it
+operates the same way as C</foo/...>.
+
+ /foo # match and strip path to ''
+ /foo/ # match and strip path to '/'
+ /foo/bar/baz # match and strip path to '/bar/baz'
+
+Please note the difference between C<sub(/foo/...)> and C<sub(/foo...)>. In
+the first case, this is expecting to find something after C</foo> (and fails to
+match if nothing is found), while in the second case we can match both C</foo>
+and C</foo/more/to/come>. The following are roughly the same:
+
+ sub (/foo) { 'I match /foo' },
+ sub (/foo/...) {
+ sub (/bar) { 'I match /foo/bar' },
+ sub (/*) { 'I match /foo/{id}' },
+ }
+
+Versus
+
+ sub (/foo...) {
+ sub (~) { 'I match /foo' },
+ sub (/bar) { 'I match /foo/bar' },
+ sub (/*) { 'I match /foo/{id}' },
+ }
+
+You may prefer the latter example should you wish to take advantage of
+subdispatchers to scope common activities. For example:
+
+ sub (/user...) {
+ my $user_rs = $schema->resultset('User');
+ sub (~) { $user_rs },
+ sub (/*) { $user_rs->find($_[1]) },
+ }
+
+You should note the special case path match C<sub (~)> which is only meaningful
+when it is contained in this type of path match. It matches to an empty path.
+
+=head4 Naming your patch matches
+
+Any C<*>, C<**>, C<*.*>, or C<**.*> match can be followed with C<:name> to make it into a named
+match, so:
+
+ sub (/*:one/*:two/*:three/*:four) {
+ "I match /1/2/3/4 capturing { one => 1, two => 2, three => 3, four => 4 }"
+ }
+
+ sub (/**.*:allofit) {
+ "I match anything capturing { allofit => \$whole_path }"
+ }
+
+In the specific case of a simple single-* match, the * may be omitted, to
+allow you to write:
+
+ sub (/:one/:two/:three/:four) {
+ "I match /1/2/3/4 capturing { one => 1, two => 2, three => 3, four => 4 }"
+ }
+
+=head4 C</foo> and C</foo/> are different specs
+
+As you may have noticed with the difference between C<sub(/foo/...)> and
+C<sub(/foo...)>, trailing slashes in path specs are significant. This is
+intentional and necessary to retain the ability to use relative links on
+websites. Let's demonstrate on this link:
+
+ <a href="bar">bar</a>
+
+If the user loads the url C</foo/> and clicks on this link, they will be
+sent to C</foo/bar>. However when they are on the url C</foo> and click this
+link, then they will be sent to C</bar>.
+
+This makes it necessary to be explicit about the trailing slash.
=head3 Extension matches
sub (.html) {
will match .html from the path (assuming the subroutine itself returns
-something, of course). This is normally used for rendering - e.g.
+something, of course). This is normally used for rendering - e.g.:
sub (.html) {
response_filter { $self->render_html($_[1]) }
The body spec will match if the request content is either
application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data - the latter
-of which is required for uploads, which are now handled experimentally
-- see below.
+of which is required for uploads - see below.
-The param spec is elements of one of the following forms -
+The param spec is elements of one of the following forms:
param~ # optional parameter
param= # required parameter
* # include all other parameters in hashref
@* # include all other parameters as multiple in hashref
-separated by the & character. The arguments added to the request are
-one per non-:/* parameter (scalar for normal, arrayref for multiple),
-plus if any :/* specs exist a hashref containing those values.
+separated by the C<&> character. The arguments added to the request are
+one per non-C<:>/C<*> parameter (scalar for normal, arrayref for multiple),
+plus if any C<:>/C<*> specs exist a hashref containing those values.
Please note that if you specify a multiple type parameter match, you are
ensured of getting an arrayref for the value, EVEN if the current incoming
request has only one value. However if a parameter is specified as single
and multiple values are found, the last one will be used.
-For example to match a page parameter with an optional order_by parameter one
+For example to match a C<page> parameter with an optional C<order_by> parameter one
would write:
sub (?page=&order_by~) {
my ($self, $foo, $bar, $params);
where $bar is an arrayref (possibly an empty one), and $params contains
-arrayref values for all parameters -not- mentioned and a scalar value for
+arrayref values for all parameters B<not> mentioned and a scalar value for
the 'coffee' parameter.
Note, in the case where you combine arrayref, single parameter and named
order you defined them in the protoype, but all hashrefs will merge into a
single C<$params>, as in the example above.
-=head3 Upload matches (EXPERIMENTAL)
-
-Note: This feature is experimental. This means that it may not remain
-100% in its current form. If we change it, notes on updating your code
-will be added to the L</CHANGES BETWEEN RELEASES> section below.
+=head3 Upload matches
sub (*foo=) { # param specifier can be anything valid for query or body
=head3 Whitespace
-Note that for legibility you are permitted to use whitespace -
+Note that for legibility you are permitted to use whitespace:
sub (GET + /user/*) {
sub (GET+/user/*) {
+=head3 Accessing parameters via C<%_>
+
+If your dispatch specification causes your dispatch subroutine to receive
+a hash reference as its first argument, the contained named parameters
+will be accessible via C<%_>.
+
+This can be used to access your path matches, if they are named:
+
+ sub (GET + /foo/:path_part) {
+ [ 200,
+ ['Content-type' => 'text/plain'],
+ ["We are in $_{path_part}"],
+ ];
+ }
+
+Or, if your first argument would be a hash reference containing named
+query parameters:
+
+ sub (GET + /foo + ?:some_param=) {
+ [ 200,
+ ['Content-type' => 'text/plain'],
+ ["We received $_{some_param} as parameter"],
+ ];
+ }
+
+Of course this also works when all you are doing is slurping the whole set
+of parameters by their name:
+
+ sub (GET + /foo + ?*) {
+ [ 200,
+ ['Content-type' => 'text/plain'],
+ [exists($_{foo}) ? "Received a foo: $_{foo}" : "No foo!"],
+ ],
+ }
+
+Note that only the first hash reference will be available via C<%_>. If
+you receive additional hash references, you will need to access them as
+usual.
+
=head3 Accessing the PSGI env hash
In some cases you may wish to get the raw PSGI env hash - to do this,
-you can either use a plain sub -
+you can either use a plain sub:
sub {
my ($env) = @_;
...
}
-or use the PSGI_ENV constant exported to retrieve it:
+or use the C<PSGI_ENV> constant exported to retrieve it from C<@_>:
sub (GET + /foo + ?some_param=) {
my $param = $_[1];
of continuing dispatch re-delegates it to the start of the dispatch process,
but with the path of the request altered to the supplied URL.
-Thus if you receive a POST to '/some/url' and return a redispatch to
-'/other/url', the dispatch behaviour will be exactly as if the same POST
-request had been made to '/other/url' instead.
+Thus if you receive a POST to C</some/url> and return a redispatch to
+C</other/url>, the dispatch behaviour will be exactly as if the same POST
+request had been made to C</other/url> instead.
Note, this is not the same as returning an HTTP 3xx redirect as a response;
rather it is a much more efficient internal process.
...
}
-Note that this method is still -returning- the dispatch code - just like
-dispatch did.
+Note that this method is still B<returning> the dispatch code - just like
+C<dispatch> did.
-Also note that you need the 'my $self = shift' since the magic $self
+Also note that you need the C<< my $self = shift >> since the magic $self
variable went away.
=item * the magic $self variable went away.
-Just add 'my $self = shift;' while writing your 'sub dispatch_request {'
+Just add C<< my $self = shift; >> while writing your C<< sub dispatch_request { >>
like a normal perl method.
=item * subdispatch deleted - all dispatchers can now subdispatch
Josh McMichael <jmcmicha@linus222.gsc.wustl.edu>
-Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
+Justin Hunter (arcanez) <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
Kjetil Kjernsmo <kjetil@kjernsmo.net>
Robin Edwards <robin.ge@gmail.com>
+Andrew Rodland (hobbs) <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
+
+Robert Sedlacek (phaylon) <r.sedlacek@shadowcat.co.uk>
+
=head1 COPYRIGHT
-Copyright (c) 2010 the Web::Simple L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
+Copyright (c) 2011 the Web::Simple L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
as listed above.
=head1 LICENSE
as perl itself.
=cut
-
-1;
projects / catagits/Web-Simple.git / blobdiff