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129 | .\" ======================================================================== |
130 | .\" |
131 | .IX Title "Data::Dump 3" |
132 | .TH Data::Dump 3 "2009-07-26" "perl v5.8.7" "User Contributed Perl Documentation" |
133 | .SH "NAME" |
134 | Data::Dump \- Pretty printing of data structures |
135 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
136 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
137 | .Vb 1 |
138 | \& use Data::Dump qw(dump ddx); |
139 | .Ve |
140 | .PP |
141 | .Vb 2 |
142 | \& $str = dump(@list); |
143 | \& @copy_of_list = eval $str; |
144 | .Ve |
145 | .PP |
146 | .Vb 2 |
147 | \& # or use it for easy debug printout |
148 | \& ddx localtime; |
149 | .Ve |
150 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
151 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" |
152 | This module provide functions that takes a list of values as their |
153 | argument and produces a string as its result. The string contains |
154 | Perl code that, when \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fRed, produces a deep copy of the original |
155 | arguments. |
156 | .PP |
157 | The main feature of the module is that it strives to produce output |
158 | that is easy to read. Example: |
159 | .PP |
160 | .Vb 2 |
161 | \& @a = (1, [2, 3], {4 => 5}); |
162 | \& dump(@a); |
163 | .Ve |
164 | .PP |
165 | Produces: |
166 | .PP |
167 | .Vb 1 |
168 | \& (1, [2, 3], { 4 => 5 }) |
169 | .Ve |
170 | .PP |
171 | If you dump just a little data, it is output on a single line. If |
172 | you dump data that is more complex or there is a lot of it, line breaks |
173 | are automatically added to keep it easy to read. |
174 | .PP |
175 | The following functions are provided (only the dd* functions are exported by default): |
176 | .IP "dump( ... )" 4 |
177 | .IX Item "dump( ... )" |
178 | .PD 0 |
179 | .IP "pp( ... )" 4 |
180 | .IX Item "pp( ... )" |
181 | .PD |
182 | Returns a string containing a Perl expression. If you pass this |
183 | string to Perl's built-in \fIeval()\fR function it should return a copy of |
184 | the arguments you passed to \fIdump()\fR. |
185 | .Sp |
186 | If you call the function with multiple arguments then the output will |
187 | be wrapped in parenthesis \*(L"( ..., ... )\*(R". If you call the function with a |
188 | single argument the output will not have the wrapping. If you call the function with |
189 | a single scalar (non\-reference) argument it will just return the |
190 | scalar quoted if needed, but never break it into multiple lines. If you |
191 | pass multiple arguments or references to arrays of hashes then the |
192 | return value might contain line breaks to format it for easier |
193 | reading. The returned string will never be \*(L"\en\*(R" terminated, even if |
194 | contains multiple lines. This allows code like this to place the |
195 | semicolon in the expected place: |
196 | .Sp |
197 | .Vb 1 |
198 | \& print '$obj = ', dump($obj), ";\en"; |
199 | .Ve |
200 | .Sp |
201 | If \fIdump()\fR is called in void context, then the dump is printed on |
202 | \&\s-1STDERR\s0 and then \*(L"\en\*(R" terminated. You might find this useful for quick |
203 | debug printouts, but the dd*() functions might be better alternatives |
204 | for this. |
205 | .Sp |
206 | There is no difference between \fIdump()\fR and \fIpp()\fR, except that \fIdump()\fR |
207 | shares its name with a not-so-useful perl builtin. Because of this |
208 | some might want to avoid using that name. |
209 | .ie n .IP "quote( $string )" 4 |
210 | .el .IP "quote( \f(CW$string\fR )" 4 |
211 | .IX Item "quote( $string )" |
212 | Returns a quoted version of the provided string. |
213 | .Sp |
214 | It differs from \f(CW\*(C`dump($string)\*(C'\fR in that it will quote even numbers and |
215 | not try to come up with clever expressions that might shorten the |
216 | output. |
217 | .IP "dd( ... )" 4 |
218 | .IX Item "dd( ... )" |
219 | .PD 0 |
220 | .IP "ddx( ... )" 4 |
221 | .IX Item "ddx( ... )" |
222 | .PD |
223 | These functions will call \fIdump()\fR on their argument and print the |
224 | result to \s-1STDOUT\s0 (actually, it's the currently selected output handle, but |
225 | \&\s-1STDOUT\s0 is the default for that). |
226 | .Sp |
227 | The difference between them is only that \fIddx()\fR will prefix the lines |
228 | it prints with \*(L"# \*(R" and mark the first line with the file and line |
229 | number where it was called. This is meant to be useful for debug |
230 | printouts of state within programs. |
231 | .SH "LIMITATIONS" |
232 | .IX Header "LIMITATIONS" |
233 | Code references will be displayed as simply 'sub { \*(L"???\*(R" }' when |
234 | dumped. Thus, \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fRing them will not reproduce the original routine. |
235 | .PP |
236 | If you forget to explicitly import the \f(CW\*(C`dump\*(C'\fR function, your code will |
237 | core dump. That's because you just called the builtin \f(CW\*(C`dump\*(C'\fR function |
238 | by accident, which intentionally dumps core. Because of this you can |
239 | also import the same function as \f(CW\*(C`pp\*(C'\fR, mnemonic for \*(L"pretty\-print\*(R". |
240 | .SH "HISTORY" |
241 | .IX Header "HISTORY" |
242 | The \f(CW\*(C`Data::Dump\*(C'\fR module grew out of frustration with Sarathy's |
243 | in-most-cases-excellent \f(CW\*(C`Data::Dumper\*(C'\fR. Basic ideas and some code |
244 | are shared with Sarathy's module. |
245 | .PP |
246 | The \f(CW\*(C`Data::Dump\*(C'\fR module provides a much simpler interface than |
247 | \&\f(CW\*(C`Data::Dumper\*(C'\fR. No \s-1OO\s0 interface is available and there are no |
248 | configuration options to worry about (yet :\-). The other benefit is |
249 | that the dump produced does not try to set any variables. It only |
250 | returns what is needed to produce a copy of the arguments. This means |
251 | that \f(CW\*(C`dump("foo")\*(C'\fR simply returns \f(CW"foo"\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`dump(1..5)\*(C'\fR simply |
252 | returns \f(CW\*(C`(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\*(C'\fR. |
253 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
254 | .IX Header "SEE ALSO" |
255 | Data::Dumper, Storable |
256 | .SH "AUTHORS" |
257 | .IX Header "AUTHORS" |
258 | The \f(CW\*(C`Data::Dump\*(C'\fR module is written by Gisle Aas <gisle@aas.no>, based |
259 | on \f(CW\*(C`Data::Dumper\*(C'\fR by Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@umich.edu>. |
260 | .PP |
261 | .Vb 2 |
262 | \& Copyright 1998\-2000,2003\-2004,2008 Gisle Aas. |
263 | \& Copyright 1996\-1998 Gurusamy Sarathy. |
264 | .Ve |
265 | .PP |
266 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or |
267 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. |