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129 | .\" ======================================================================== |
130 | .\" |
131 | .IX Title "Cwd 3" |
132 | .TH Cwd 3 "2009-11-01" "perl v5.8.7" "User Contributed Perl Documentation" |
133 | .SH "NAME" |
134 | Cwd \- get pathname of current working directory |
135 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
136 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
137 | .Vb 2 |
138 | \& use Cwd; |
139 | \& my $dir = getcwd; |
140 | .Ve |
141 | .PP |
142 | .Vb 2 |
143 | \& use Cwd 'abs_path'; |
144 | \& my $abs_path = abs_path($file); |
145 | .Ve |
146 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
147 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" |
148 | This module provides functions for determining the pathname of the |
149 | current working directory. It is recommended that getcwd (or another |
150 | *\fIcwd()\fR function) be used in \fIall\fR code to ensure portability. |
151 | .PP |
152 | By default, it exports the functions \fIcwd()\fR, \fIgetcwd()\fR, \fIfastcwd()\fR, and |
153 | \&\fIfastgetcwd()\fR (and, on Win32, \fIgetdcwd()\fR) into the caller's namespace. |
154 | .Sh "getcwd and friends" |
155 | .IX Subsection "getcwd and friends" |
156 | Each of these functions are called without arguments and return the |
157 | absolute path of the current working directory. |
158 | .IP "getcwd" 4 |
159 | .IX Item "getcwd" |
160 | .Vb 1 |
161 | \& my $cwd = getcwd(); |
162 | .Ve |
163 | .Sp |
164 | Returns the current working directory. |
165 | .Sp |
166 | Exposes the \s-1POSIX\s0 function \fIgetcwd\fR\|(3) or re-implements it if it's not |
167 | available. |
168 | .IP "cwd" 4 |
169 | .IX Item "cwd" |
170 | .Vb 1 |
171 | \& my $cwd = cwd(); |
172 | .Ve |
173 | .Sp |
174 | The \fIcwd()\fR is the most natural form for the current architecture. For |
175 | most systems it is identical to `pwd` (but without the trailing line |
176 | terminator). |
177 | .IP "fastcwd" 4 |
178 | .IX Item "fastcwd" |
179 | .Vb 1 |
180 | \& my $cwd = fastcwd(); |
181 | .Ve |
182 | .Sp |
183 | A more dangerous version of \fIgetcwd()\fR, but potentially faster. |
184 | .Sp |
185 | It might conceivably \fIchdir()\fR you out of a directory that it can't |
186 | \&\fIchdir()\fR you back into. If fastcwd encounters a problem it will return |
187 | undef but will probably leave you in a different directory. For a |
188 | measure of extra security, if everything appears to have worked, the |
189 | \&\fIfastcwd()\fR function will check that it leaves you in the same directory |
190 | that it started in. If it has changed it will \f(CW\*(C`die\*(C'\fR with the message |
191 | \&\*(L"Unstable directory path, current directory changed |
192 | unexpectedly\*(R". That should never happen. |
193 | .IP "fastgetcwd" 4 |
194 | .IX Item "fastgetcwd" |
195 | .Vb 1 |
196 | \& my $cwd = fastgetcwd(); |
197 | .Ve |
198 | .Sp |
199 | The \fIfastgetcwd()\fR function is provided as a synonym for \fIcwd()\fR. |
200 | .IP "getdcwd" 4 |
201 | .IX Item "getdcwd" |
202 | .Vb 2 |
203 | \& my $cwd = getdcwd(); |
204 | \& my $cwd = getdcwd('C:'); |
205 | .Ve |
206 | .Sp |
207 | The \fIgetdcwd()\fR function is also provided on Win32 to get the current working |
208 | directory on the specified drive, since Windows maintains a separate current |
209 | working directory for each drive. If no drive is specified then the current |
210 | drive is assumed. |
211 | .Sp |
212 | This function simply calls the Microsoft C library \fI_getdcwd()\fR function. |
213 | .Sh "abs_path and friends" |
214 | .IX Subsection "abs_path and friends" |
215 | These functions are exported only on request. They each take a single |
216 | argument and return the absolute pathname for it. If no argument is |
217 | given they'll use the current working directory. |
218 | .IP "abs_path" 4 |
219 | .IX Item "abs_path" |
220 | .Vb 1 |
221 | \& my $abs_path = abs_path($file); |
222 | .Ve |
223 | .Sp |
224 | Uses the same algorithm as \fIgetcwd()\fR. Symbolic links and relative-path |
225 | components (\*(L".\*(R" and \*(L"..\*(R") are resolved to return the canonical |
226 | pathname, just like \fIrealpath\fR\|(3). |
227 | .IP "realpath" 4 |
228 | .IX Item "realpath" |
229 | .Vb 1 |
230 | \& my $abs_path = realpath($file); |
231 | .Ve |
232 | .Sp |
233 | A synonym for \fIabs_path()\fR. |
234 | .IP "fast_abs_path" 4 |
235 | .IX Item "fast_abs_path" |
236 | .Vb 1 |
237 | \& my $abs_path = fast_abs_path($file); |
238 | .Ve |
239 | .Sp |
240 | A more dangerous, but potentially faster version of abs_path. |
241 | .Sh "$ENV{\s-1PWD\s0}" |
242 | .IX Subsection "$ENV{PWD}" |
243 | If you ask to override your \fIchdir()\fR built-in function, |
244 | .PP |
245 | .Vb 1 |
246 | \& use Cwd qw(chdir); |
247 | .Ve |
248 | .PP |
249 | then your \s-1PWD\s0 environment variable will be kept up to date. Note that |
250 | it will only be kept up to date if all packages which use chdir import |
251 | it from Cwd. |
252 | .SH "NOTES" |
253 | .IX Header "NOTES" |
254 | .IP "\(bu" 4 |
255 | Since the path seperators are different on some operating systems ('/' |
256 | on Unix, ':' on MacPerl, etc...) we recommend you use the File::Spec |
257 | modules wherever portability is a concern. |
258 | .IP "\(bu" 4 |
259 | Actually, on Mac \s-1OS\s0, the \f(CW\*(C`getcwd()\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fastgetcwd()\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`fastcwd()\*(C'\fR |
260 | functions are all aliases for the \f(CW\*(C`cwd()\*(C'\fR function, which, on Mac \s-1OS\s0, |
261 | calls `pwd`. Likewise, the \f(CW\*(C`abs_path()\*(C'\fR function is an alias for |
262 | \&\f(CW\*(C`fast_abs_path()\*(C'\fR. |
263 | .SH "AUTHOR" |
264 | .IX Header "AUTHOR" |
265 | Originally by the perl5\-porters. |
266 | .PP |
267 | Maintained by Ken Williams <KWILLIAMS@cpan.org> |
268 | .SH "COPYRIGHT" |
269 | .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" |
270 | Copyright (c) 2004 by the Perl 5 Porters. All rights reserved. |
271 | .PP |
272 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
273 | it under the same terms as Perl itself. |
274 | .PP |
275 | Portions of the C code in this library are copyright (c) 1994 by the |
276 | Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. The |
277 | license on this code is compatible with the licensing of the rest of |
278 | the distribution \- please see the source code in \fICwd.xs\fR for the |
279 | details. |
280 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
281 | .IX Header "SEE ALSO" |
282 | File::chdir |